1
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Rooney CHE, Gamliel A, Shaul D, Tyler DJ, Grist JT, Katz‐Brull R. Directly Bound Deuterons Increase X-Nuclei Hyperpolarization using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300144. [PMID: 37431622 PMCID: PMC10947409 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Deuterated 13 C sites in sugars (D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose) showed 6.3-to-17.5-fold higher solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) levels than their respective protonated sites at 3.35T. This effect was found to be unrelated to the protonation of the bath. Deuterated 15 N in sites bound to exchangeable protons ([15 N2 ]urea) showed a 1.3-fold higher polarization than their respective protonated sites at the same magnetic field. This relatively smaller effect was attributed to incomplete deuteration of the 15 N sites due to the solvent mixture. For a 15 N site that is not bound to protons or deuterons ([15 N]nitrate), deuteration of the bath did not affect the polarization level. These findings suggest a phenomenon related to DNP of X-nuclei directly bound to deuteron(s) as opposed to proton(s). It appears that direct binding to deuterons increases the solid-state DNP polarization level of X-nuclei which are otherwise bound to protons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of RadiologyHadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9112011Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineHadassah Medical OrganizationJerusalemIsrael
| | - David Shaul
- Department of RadiologyHadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9112011Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineHadassah Medical OrganizationJerusalemIsrael
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance ResearchDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - James T. Grist
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance ResearchDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of RadiologyOxford University HospitalsOxfordUK
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of RadiologyHadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9112011Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational MedicineHadassah Medical OrganizationJerusalemIsrael
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2
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Park H, Wang Q. State-of-the-art accounts of hyperpolarized 15N-labeled molecular imaging probes for magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7378-7391. [PMID: 35872812 PMCID: PMC9241963 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01264b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized isotope-labeled agents have significantly advanced nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging (MRS/MRI) of physicochemical activities at molecular levels. An emerging advance in this area is exciting developments of 15N-labeled hyperpolarized MR agents to enable acquisition of highly valuable information that was previously inaccessible and expand the applications of MRS/MRI beyond commonly studied 13C nuclei. This review will present recent developments of these hyperpolarized 15N-labeled molecular imaging probes, ranging from endogenous and drug molecules, and chemical sensors, to various 15N-tagged biomolecules. Through these examples, this review will provide insights into the target selection and probe design rationale and inherent challenges of HP imaging in hopes of facilitating future developments of 15N-based biomedical imaging agents and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
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3
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Uppala S, Gamliel A, Harris T, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Jerschow A, Katz‐Brull R. 1
H‐decoupling and Isotopic Labeling for the Measurement of the Longitudinal Relaxation Time of Hyperpolarized
13
C‐Methylenes in Choline Analogs. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaranjan Uppala
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine Jerusalem Israel
| | - Talia Harris
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine Jerusalem Israel
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine Jerusalem Israel
| | - J. Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine Jerusalem Israel
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York, NY USA
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine Jerusalem Israel
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4
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Sonkar K, Ayyappan V, Tressler CM, Adelaja O, Cai R, Cheng M, Glunde K. Focus on the glycerophosphocholine pathway in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4112. [PMID: 31184789 PMCID: PMC6803034 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Activated choline metabolism is a hallmark of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which leads to elevated levels of phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine in all types of cancer tested so far. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications have played a key role in detecting these elevated choline phospholipid metabolites. To date, the majority of cancer-related studies have focused on phosphocholine and the Kennedy pathway, which constitutes the biosynthesis pathway for membrane phosphatidylcholine. Fewer and more recent studies have reported on the importance of glycerophosphocholine in cancer. In this review article, we summarize the recent literature on glycerophosphocholine metabolism with respect to its cancer biology and its detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Adelaja
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoqing Cai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Harris T, Azar A, Sapir G, Gamliel A, Nardi-Schreiber A, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. Real-time ex-vivo measurement of brain metabolism using hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9564. [PMID: 29934508 PMCID: PMC6014998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to directly monitor in vivo brain metabolism in real time in a matter of seconds using the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization technology holds promise to aid the understanding of brain physiology in health and disease. However, translating the hyperpolarized signal observed in the brain to cerebral metabolic rates is not straightforward, as the observed in vivo signals reflect also the influx of metabolites produced in the body, the cerebral blood volume, and the rate of transport across the blood brain barrier. We introduce a method to study rapid metabolism of hyperpolarized substrates in the viable rat brain slices preparation, an established ex vivo model of the brain. By retrospective evaluation of tissue motion and settling from analysis of the signal of the hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate precursor, the T1s of the metabolites and their rates of production can be determined. The enzymatic rates determined here are in the range of those determined previously with classical biochemical assays and are in agreement with hyperpolarized metabolite relative signal intensities observed in the rodent brain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Harris
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Assad Azar
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Atara Nardi-Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - J Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
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6
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Taglang C, Korenchan DE, von Morze C, Yu J, Najac C, Wang S, Blecha JE, Subramaniam S, Bok R, VanBrocklin HF, Vigneron DB, Ronen SM, Sriram R, Kurhanewicz J, Wilson DM, Flavell RR. Late-stage deuteration of 13C-enriched substrates for T 1 prolongation in hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5233-5236. [PMID: 29726563 PMCID: PMC6054790 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A robust and selective late-stage deuteration methodology was applied to 13C-enriched amino and alpha hydroxy acids to increase spin-lattice relaxation constant T1 for hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging. For the five substrates with 13C-labeling on the C1-position ([1-13C]alanine, [1-13C]serine, [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]glycine, and [1-13C]valine), significant increase of their T1 was observed at 3 T with deuterium labeling (+26%, 22%, +16%, +25% and +29%, respectively). Remarkably, in the case of [2-13C]alanine, [2-13C]serine and [2-13C]lactate, deuterium labeling led to a greater than four fold increase in T1. [1-13C,2-2H]alanine, produced using this method, was applied to in vitro enzyme assays with alanine aminotransferase, demonstrating a kinetic isotope effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Taglang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - David E. Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Joseph E. Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sukumar Subramaniam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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7
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Nardi-Schreiber A, Gamliel A, Harris T, Sapir G, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. Biochemical phosphates observed using hyperpolarized 31P in physiological aqueous solutions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:341. [PMID: 28839124 PMCID: PMC5570947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization technology had previously enabled nuclear magnetic resonance detection of various nuclei in a hyperpolarized state. Here, we show the hyperpolarization of 31P nuclei in important biological phosphates (inorganic phosphate and phosphocreatine) in aqueous solutions. The hyperpolarized inorganic phosphate showed an enhancement factor >11,000 (at 5.8 T, 9.3% polarization) in D2O (T1 29.4 s). Deuteration and the solution composition and pH all affected the lifetime of the hyperpolarized state. This capability opens up avenues for real-time monitoring of phosphate metabolism, distribution, and pH sensing in the live body without ionizing radiation. Immediate changes in the microenvironment pH have been detected here in a cell-free system via the chemical shift of hyperpolarized inorganic phosphate. Because the 31P nucleus is 100% naturally abundant, future studies on hyperpolarized phosphates will not require expensive isotope labeling as is usually required for hyperpolarization of other substrates. Real-time monitoring of phosphate metabolism and distribution in the live body without ionizing radiation is highly desirable. Here, the authors show dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization technology can enable nuclear magnetic resonance detection of hyperpolarized 31P of important biological phosphates in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atara Nardi-Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talia Harris
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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8
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Hundshammer C, Düwel S, Köcher SS, Gersch M, Feuerecker B, Scheurer C, Haase A, Glaser SJ, Schwaiger M, Schilling F. Deuteration of Hyperpolarized 13
C-Labeled Zymonic Acid Enables Sensitivity-Enhanced Dynamic MRI of pH. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2422-2425. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Stephan Düwel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute of Medical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstr. 11 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Simone S. Köcher
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-9); Forschungszentrum Jülich, Ostring O10 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Malte Gersch
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Benedikt Feuerecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
| | - Christoph Scheurer
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Axel Haase
- Institute of Medical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstr. 11 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Steffen J. Glaser
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
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9
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Hundshammer C, Düwel S, Schilling F. Imaging of Extracellular pH Using Hyperpolarized Molecules. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 2 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Stephan Düwel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 2 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute of Medical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstr. 11 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
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10
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MR Molecular Imaging of Brain Cancer Metabolism Using Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 25:187-196. [PMID: 27748711 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an important hallmark of cancer. Alterations in many metabolic pathways support the requirement for cellular building blocks that are essential for cancer cell proliferation. This metabolic reprogramming can be imaged using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). H MRS can inform on alterations in the steady-state levels of cellular metabolites, but the emergence of hyperpolarized C MRS has now also enabled imaging of metabolic fluxes in real-time, providing a new method for tumor detection and monitoring of therapeutic response. In the case of glioma, preclinical cell and animal studies have shown that the hyperpolarized C MRS metabolic imaging signature is specific to tumor type and can distinguish between mutant IDH1 glioma and primary glioblastoma. Here, we review these findings, first describing the main metabolic pathways that are altered in the different glioma subtypes, and then reporting on the use of hyperpolarized C MRS and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to probe these pathways. We show that the future translation of this hyperpolarized C MRS molecular metabolic imaging method to the clinic promises to improve the noninvasive detection, characterization, and response-monitoring of brain tumors resulting in improved patient diagnosis and clinical management.
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11
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Adamson EB, Ludwig KD, Mummy DG, Fain SB. Magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized agents: methods and applications. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:R81-R123. [PMID: 28384123 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa6be8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, hyperpolarized (HP) contrast agents have been under active development for MRI applications to address the twin challenges of functional and quantitative imaging. Both HP helium (3He) and xenon (129Xe) gases have reached the stage where they are under study in clinical research. HP 129Xe, in particular, is poised for larger scale clinical research to investigate asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrotic lung diseases. With advances in polarizer technology and unique capabilities for imaging of 129Xe gas exchange into lung tissue and blood, HP 129Xe MRI is attracting new attention. In parallel, HP 13C and 15N MRI methods have steadily advanced in a wide range of pre-clinical research applications for imaging metabolism in various cancers and cardiac disease. The HP [1-13C] pyruvate MRI technique, in particular, has undergone phase I trials in prostate cancer and is poised for investigational new drug trials at multiple institutions in cancer and cardiac applications. This review treats the methodology behind both HP gases and HP 13C and 15N liquid state agents. Gas and liquid phase HP agents share similar technologies for achieving non-equilibrium polarization outside the field of the MRI scanner, strategies for image data acquisition, and translational challenges in moving from pre-clinical to clinical research. To cover the wide array of methods and applications, this review is organized by numerical section into (1) a brief introduction, (2) the physical and biological properties of the most common polarized agents with a brief summary of applications and methods of polarization, (3) methods for image acquisition and reconstruction specific to improving data acquisition efficiency for HP MRI, (4) the main physical properties that enable unique measures of physiology or metabolic pathways, followed by a more detailed review of the literature describing the use of HP agents to study: (5) metabolic pathways in cancer and cardiac disease and (6) lung function in both pre-clinical and clinical research studies, concluding with (7) some future directions and challenges, and (8) an overall summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Adamson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
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12
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Lipsø KW, Bowen S, Rybalko O, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH. Large dose hyperpolarized water with dissolution-DNP at high magnetic field. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 274:65-72. [PMID: 27889650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method for the preparation of hyperpolarized water by dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at high magnetic field. Protons were polarized at 6.7T and 1.1K to >70% with frequency modulated microwave irradiation at 188GHz. 97.2±0.7% of the radical was extracted from the sample in the dissolution in a two-phase system. 16±1mL of 5.0M 1H in D2O with a polarization of 13.0±0.9% in the liquid state was obtained, corresponding to an enhancement factor of 4000±300 compared to the thermal equilibrium at 9.4T and 293K. A longitudinal relaxation time constant of 16±1s was measured. The sample was polarized and dissolved in a fluid path compatible with clinical polarizers. The volume of hyperpolarized water produced by this method enables angiography and perfusion measurements in large animals, as well as NMR experiments for studies of e.g. proton exchange and polarization transfer to other nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Wigh Lipsø
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sean Bowen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Oleksandr Rybalko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; GE Healthcare, Brøndby, Denmark.
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13
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Chaumeil MM, Najac C, Ronen SM. Studies of Metabolism Using (13)C MRS of Hyperpolarized Probes. Methods Enzymol 2015; 561:1-71. [PMID: 26358901 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
First described in 2003, the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique, combined with (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), has since been used in numerous metabolic studies and has become a valuable metabolic imaging method. DNP dramatically increases the level of polarization of (13)C-labeled compounds resulting in an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of over 50,000 fold for the MRS spectrum of hyperpolarized compounds. The high SNR enables rapid real-time detection of metabolism in cells, tissues, and in vivo. This chapter will present a comprehensive review of the DNP approaches that have been used to monitor metabolism in living systems. First, the list of (13)C DNP probes developed to date will be presented, with a particular focus on the most commonly used probe, namely [1-(13)C] pyruvate. In the next four sections, we will then describe the different factors that need to be considered when designing (13)C DNP probes for metabolic studies, conducting in vitro or in vivo hyperpolarized experiments, as well as acquiring, analyzing, and modeling hyperpolarized (13)C data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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14
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Lerche MH, Jensen PR, Karlsson M, Meier S. NMR insights into the inner workings of living cells. Anal Chem 2014; 87:119-32. [PMID: 25084065 DOI: 10.1021/ac501467x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde H Lerche
- Albeda Research , Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
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15
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Hövener JB, Knecht S, Schwaderlapp N, Hennig J, von Elverfeldt D. Continuous re-hyperpolarization of nuclear spins using parahydrogen: theory and experiment. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2451-7. [PMID: 25079961 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The continuous re-hyperpolarization of nuclear spins in the liquid state by means of parahydrogen (para-H2) and chemical exchange at low magnetic fields was recently discovered and offers intriguing perspectives for many varieties of magnetic resonance. In this contribution, we provide a theoretical assessment of this effect and compare the results to experimental data. A distinct distribution of polarization is found, which shares some features with experimental data and, interestingly, does not directly correspond to the loss of the singlet order of para-H2. We derived expressions for the magnetic field and para-H2-substrate interaction time, for which the polarization transfer is maximal. This work sheds light onto the effect of continuous hyperpolarization and elucidates the underlying mechanism, which may facilitate the development of an optimized catalyst. As an application, continuous hyperpolarization may enable highly sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance at very low magnetic fields, for example, for the cost-efficient screening of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Hövener
- German Consortium for Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg (Germany); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Allouche-Arnon H, Hovav Y, Friesen-Waldner L, Sosna J, Moshe Gomori J, Vega S, Katz-Brull R. Quantification of rate constants for successive enzymatic reactions with DNP hyperpolarized MR. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:656-662. [PMID: 24639024 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic model is provided to obtain reaction rate constants in successive enzymatic reactions that are monitored using NMR spectroscopy and hyperpolarized substrates. The model was applied for simulation and analysis of the successive oxidation of choline to betaine aldehyde, and further to betaine, by the enzyme choline oxidase. This enzymatic reaction was investigated under two different sets of conditions: two different choline molecular probes were used, [1,1,2,2-D4 , 1-(13) C]choline chloride and [1,1,2,2-D4 , 2-(13) C]choline chloride, in different MR systems (clinical scanner and high-resolution spectrometer), as well as in different reactors and reaction volumes (4.8 and 0.7 mL). The kinetic analysis according to the model yielded similar results in both set-ups, supporting the robustness of the model. This was achieved despite the complex and negating influences of reaction kinetics and polarization decay, and in the presence of uncontrolled mixing characteristics, which may introduce uncertainties in both effective timing and effective pulses. The ability to quantify rate constants using hyperpolarized MR in the first seconds of consecutive enzyme activity is important for further development of the utilization of dynamic nuclear polarization-MR for biological determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyla Allouche-Arnon
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Friesen-Waldner LJ, Wade TP, Thind K, Chen AP, Gomori JM, Sosna J, McKenzie CA, Katz-Brull R. Hyperpolarized choline as an MR imaging molecular probe: feasibility of in vivo imaging in a rat model. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:917-23. [PMID: 24862837 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of choline MRI using a new choline molecular probe for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) hyperpolarized MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 400 ± 20 g (n = 5), were anesthetized and injection tubing was placed in the tail vein. [1,1,2,2-D4 , 1-(13) C]choline chloride (CMP1) was hyperpolarized by DNP and injected into rats at doses ranging from 12.6 to 50.0 mg/kg. Coronal projection (13) C imaging was performed on a 3 Tesla clinical MRI scanner (bore size 60 cm) using a variable flip angle gradient echo sequence. Images were acquired 15 to 45 s after the start of bolus injection. Signal intensities in regions of interest were determined at each time point and compared. RESULTS (13) C MRI images of hyperpolarized CMP1 at a 50 mg/kg dose showed time-dependent organ distribution patterns. At 15 s, high intensities were observed in the inferior vena cava, heart, aorta, and kidneys. At 30 s, most of the signal intensity was localized to the kidneys. These distribution patterns were reproduced using 12.6 and 25 mg/kg doses. At 45 s, only signal in the kidneys was detected. CONCLUSION Hyperpolarized choline imaging with MRI is feasible using a stable-isotope labeled choline analog (CMP1). Nonradioactive imaging of choline accumulation may provide a new investigatory dimension for kidney physiology. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:917-923. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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18
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A platform for designing hyperpolarized magnetic resonance chemical probes. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2411. [PMID: 24022444 PMCID: PMC3778512 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is a highly promising technique for improving the sensitivity of magnetic resonance chemical probes. Here we report [15N, D9]trimethylphenylammonium as a platform for designing a variety of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance chemical probes. The platform structure shows a remarkably long 15N spin–lattice relaxation value (816 s, 14.1 T) for retaining its hyperpolarized spin state. The extended lifetime enables the detection of the hyperpolarized 15N signal of the platform for several tens of minutes and thus overcomes the intrinsic short analysis time of hyperpolarized probes. Versatility of the platform is demonstrated by applying it to three types of hyperpolarized chemical probes: one each for sensing calcium ions, reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide) and enzyme activity (carboxyl esterase). All of the designed probes achieve high sensitivity with rapid reactions and chemical shift changes, which are sufficient to allow sensitive and real-time monitoring of target molecules by 15N magnetic resonance. Hyperpolarization of chemical nuclei is known to greatly increase sensitivity to characterization by magnetic resonance imaging. Here a new platform that allows for the design of a number of hyperpolarized probes for chemical sensing applications is demonstrated.
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Keshari KR, Wilson DM. Chemistry and biochemistry of 13C hyperpolarized magnetic resonance using dynamic nuclear polarization. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1627-59. [PMID: 24363044 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60124b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study of transient chemical phenomena by conventional NMR has proved elusive, particularly for non-(1)H nuclei. For (13)C, hyperpolarization using the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique has emerged as a powerful means to improve SNR. The recent development of rapid dissolution DNP methods has facilitated previously impossible in vitro and in vivo study of small molecules. This review presents the basics of the DNP technique, identification of appropriate DNP substrates, and approaches to increase hyperpolarized signal lifetimes. Also addressed are the biochemical events to which DNP-NMR has been applied, with descriptions of several probes that have met with in vivo success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
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20
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Bowen S, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. Formulation and utilization of choline based samples for dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 236:26-30. [PMID: 24036470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization by the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique permits the generation of high spin polarization of solution state. However, sample formulation for dissolution-DNP is often difficult, as concentration and viscosity must be optimized to yield a dissolved sample with sufficient concentration, while maintaining polarization during the dissolution process. The unique chemical properties of choline permit the generation of highly soluble salts as well as deep eutectic mixtures with carboxylic acids and urea. We describe the formulation of these samples and compare their performance to more traditional sample formulations. Choline yields stable samples with exceptional polarization performance while simultaneously offering the capability to easily remove the choline after dissolution, perform experiments with the hyperpolarized choline, or anything in between.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Bowen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Barb A, Hekmatyar S, Glushka J, Prestegard J. Probing alanine transaminase catalysis with hyperpolarized 13CD3-pyruvate. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 228:59-65. [PMID: 23357427 PMCID: PMC3654812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized metabolites offer a tremendous sensitivity advantage (>10(4) fold) when measuring flux and enzyme activity in living tissues by magnetic resonance methods. These sensitivity gains can also be applied to mechanistic studies that impose time and metabolite concentration limitations. Here we explore the use of hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in mechanistic studies of alanine transaminase (ALT), a well-established biomarker of liver disease and cancer that converts pyruvate to alanine using glutamate as a nitrogen donor. A specific deuterated, (13)C-enriched analog of pyruvic acid, (13)C3D(3)-pyruvic acid, is demonstrated to have advantages in terms of detection by both direct (13)C observation and indirect observation through methyl protons introduced by ALT-catalyzed H-D exchange. Exchange on injecting hyperpolarized (13)C3D(3)-pyruvate into ALT dissolved in buffered (1)H(2)O, combined with an experimental approach to measure proton incorporation, provided information on mechanistic details of transaminase action on a 1.5s timescale. ALT introduced, on average, 0.8 new protons into the methyl group of the alanine produced, indicating the presence of an off-pathway enamine intermediate. The opportunities for exploiting mechanism-dependent molecular signatures as well as indirect detection of hyperpolarized (13)C3-pyruvate and products in imaging applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J.H. Prestegard
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 706 542 4412. (J.H. Prestegard)
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Allouche-Arnon H, Gamliel A, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. In vitro visualization of betaine aldehyde synthesis and oxidation using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7076-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Allouche-Arnon H, Wade T, Waldner LF, Miller VN, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R, McKenzie CA. In vivomagnetic resonance imaging of glucose - initial experience. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 8:72-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyla Allouche-Arnon
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah; Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
- BrainWatch Ltd; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Trevor Wade
- Department of Medical Biophysics; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Robarts Research Institute; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Lanette Friesen Waldner
- Department of Medical Biophysics; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Robarts Research Institute; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Valentina N. Miller
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah; Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - J. Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah; Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
- BrainWatch Ltd; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah; Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
- BrainWatch Ltd; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Charles A. McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Robarts Research Institute; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
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Hall H, Cuellar-Baena S, Denisov V, Kirik D. Development of NMR spectroscopic methods for dynamic detection of acetylcholine synthesis by choline acetyltransferase in hippocampal tissue. J Neurochem 2012; 124:336-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hall
- Brain Repair And Imaging in Neural Systems (B.R.A.I.N.S); BMC D11; Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Sandra Cuellar-Baena
- Brain Repair And Imaging in Neural Systems (B.R.A.I.N.S); BMC D11; Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Vladimir Denisov
- Lund University BioImaging Center; BMC D11; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Deniz Kirik
- Brain Repair And Imaging in Neural Systems (B.R.A.I.N.S); BMC D11; Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Lund University BioImaging Center; BMC D11; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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Doura T, Hata R, Nonaka H, Ichikawa K, Sando S. Design of a13C Magnetic Resonance Probe Using a Deuterated Methoxy Group as a Long-Lived Hyperpolarization Unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Doura T, Hata R, Nonaka H, Ichikawa K, Sando S. Design of a 13C magnetic resonance probe using a deuterated methoxy group as a long-lived hyperpolarization unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10114-7. [PMID: 22961955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Doura
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Brindle K. Watching tumours gasp and die with MRI: the promise of hyperpolarised 13C MR spectroscopic imaging. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:697-708. [PMID: 22496072 PMCID: PMC3474112 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/81120511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of tumour biology has led to the development of "targeted therapies", in which a drug is designed to disrupt a specific biochemical pathway important for tumour cell survival or proliferation. The introduction of these drugs into the clinic has shown that patients can vary widely in their responses. Molecular imaging is likely to play an increasingly important role in predicting and detecting these responses and thus in guiding treatment in individual patients: so-called "personalised medicine". The aim of this review is to discuss how hyperpolarised (13)C MR spectroscopic imaging might be used for treatment response monitoring. This technique, which increases the sensitivity of detection of injected (13)C-labelled molecules by >10,000-fold, has allowed a new approach to metabolic imaging. The basic principles of the technique and its potential advantages over other imaging methods for detecting early evidence of treatment response will be discussed. Given that the technique is poised to translate to the clinic, I will also speculate on its likely applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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28
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Abstract
Abnormal choline metabolism is emerging as a metabolic hallmark that is associated with oncogenesis and tumour progression. Following transformation, the modulation of enzymes that control anabolic and catabolic pathways causes increased levels of choline-containing precursors and breakdown products of membrane phospholipids. These increased levels are associated with proliferation, and recent studies emphasize the complex reciprocal interactions between oncogenic signalling and choline metabolism. Because choline-containing compounds are detected by non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), increased levels of these compounds provide a non-invasive biomarker of transformation, staging and response to therapy. Furthermore, enzymes of choline metabolism, such as choline kinase, present novel targets for image-guided cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Glunde
- The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 720 Rutland Avenue, 212 Traylor Building, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, 720 Rutland Avenue, 212 Traylor Building, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, Byers Hall, San Francisco, California CA94158-2330, USA
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Moestue SA, Engebraaten O, Gribbestad IS. Metabolic effects of signal transduction inhibition in cancer assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mol Oncol 2011; 5:224-41. [PMID: 21536506 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite huge efforts in development of drugs targeting oncogenic signalling, the number of such drugs entering clinical practice to date remains limited. Rational use of biomarkers for drug candidate selection and early monitoring of response to therapy may accelerate this process. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to assess metabolic effects of drug treatment both in vivo and in vitro, and technological advances are continuously increasing the utility of this non-invasive method. In this review, we summarise the use of MRS for monitoring the effect of targeted anticancer drugs, and discuss the potential role of MRS in the context of personalised cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siver Andreas Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods for the assessment of metabolic functions in the diseased brain. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2011; 11:169-98. [PMID: 22076698 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2011_166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to detect and quantify multiple metabolites. This chapter will review some of the applications of MRS to the study of brain functions. Typically, (1)H-MRS can detect metabolites reflecting neuronal density and integrity, markers of energy metabolism or inflammation, as well as neurotransmitters. The complexity of the proton spectrum has however led to the development of other nuclei-based methods, such as (31)P- and (13)C-MRS, which offer a broader chemical shift range and therefore can provide more detailed information at the level of single metabolites. The versatility of MRS allows for a wide range of clinical applications, of which neurodegeneration is an interesting target for spectroscopy-based studies. In particular, MRS can identify patterns of altered brain chemistry in Alzheimer's patients and can help establish differential diagnosis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Using MRS to follow less abundant neurotransmitters is currently out of reach and will most likely depend on the development of methods such as hyperpolarization that can increase the sensitivity of detection. In particular, dynamic nuclear polarization has opened up a new and exciting area of medical research, with developments that could greatly impact on the real-time monitoring of in vivo metabolic processes in the brain.
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