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Weisbrod LJ, Thiraviyam A, Vengoji R, Shonka N, Jain M, Ho W, Batra SK, Salehi A. Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG): A review of current and emerging treatment strategies. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216876. [PMID: 38609002 PMCID: PMC11231989 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a childhood malignancy of the brainstem with a dismal prognosis. Despite recent advances in its understanding at the molecular level, the prognosis of DIPG has remained unchanged. This article aims to review the current understanding of the genetic pathophysiology of DIPG and to highlight promising therapeutic targets. Various DIPG treatment strategies have been investigated in pre-clinical studies, several of which have shown promise and have been subsequently translated into ongoing clinical trials. Ultimately, a multifaceted therapeutic approach that targets cell-intrinsic alterations, the micro-environment, and augments the immune system will likely be necessary to eradicate DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Weisbrod
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Anand Thiraviyam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Nicole Shonka
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Winson Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Afshin Salehi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Nebraska, Omaha, NE, 68114, USA.
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Ahluwalia MS, Reardon DA, Abad AP, Curry WT, Wong ET, Figel SA, Mechtler LL, Peereboom DM, Hutson AD, Withers HG, Liu S, Belal AN, Qiu J, Mogensen KM, Dharma SS, Dhawan A, Birkemeier MT, Casucci DM, Ciesielski MJ, Fenstermaker RA. Phase IIa Study of SurVaxM Plus Adjuvant Temozolomide for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1453-1465. [PMID: 36521103 PMCID: PMC9995096 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite intensive treatment with surgery, radiation therapy, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, and tumor-treating fields, mortality of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM) remains very high. SurVaxM is a peptide vaccine conjugate that has been shown to activate the immune system against its target molecule survivin, which is highly expressed by glioblastoma cells. We conducted a phase IIa, open-label, multicenter trial evaluating the safety, immunologic effects, and survival of patients with nGBM receiving SurVaxM plus adjuvant TMZ following surgery and chemoradiation (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02455557). METHODS Sixty-four patients with resected nGBM were enrolled including 38 men and 26 women, in the age range of 20-82 years. Following craniotomy and fractionated radiation therapy with concurrent TMZ, patients received four doses of SurVaxM (500 μg once every 2 weeks) in Montanide ISA-51 plus sargramostim (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) subcutaneously. Patients subsequently received adjuvant TMZ and maintenance SurVaxM concurrently until progression. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were reported. Immunologic responses to SurVaxM were assessed. RESULTS SurVaxM plus TMZ was well tolerated with no serious adverse events attributable to SurVaxM. Of the 63 patients who were evaluable for outcome, 60 (95.2%) remained progression-free 6 months after diagnosis (prespecified primary end point). Median PFS was 11.4 months and median OS was 25.9 months measured from first dose of SurVaxM. SurVaxM produced survivin-specific CD8+ T cells and antibody/immunoglobulin G titers. Apparent clinical benefit of SurVaxM was observed in both methylated and unmethylated patients. CONCLUSION SurVaxM appeared to be safe and well tolerated. The combination represents a promising therapy for nGBM. For patients with nGBM treated in this manner, PFS may be an acceptable surrogate for OS. A large randomized clinical trial of SurVaxM for nGBM is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Ajay P. Abad
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - William T. Curry
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric T. Wong
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Sheila A. Figel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
- MimiVax LLC, Buffalo, NY
| | - Laszlo L. Mechtler
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Alan D. Hutson
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Henry G. Withers
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Song Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ahmed N. Belal
- Department of Radiology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jingxin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kathleen M. Mogensen
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Sanam S. Dharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Andrew Dhawan
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Danielle M. Casucci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
- MimiVax LLC, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michael J. Ciesielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
- MimiVax LLC, Buffalo, NY
| | - Robert A. Fenstermaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
- MimiVax LLC, Buffalo, NY
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Franson A, McClellan BL, Varela ML, Comba A, Syed MF, Banerjee K, Zhu Z, Gonzalez N, Candolfi M, Lowenstein P, Castro MG. Development of immunotherapy for high-grade gliomas: Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:966458. [PMID: 36186781 PMCID: PMC9515652 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.966458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The preclinical and clinical development of novel immunotherapies for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is advancing at a rapid pace. High-grade gliomas (HGG) are aggressive tumors with poor prognoses in both adult and pediatric patients, and innovative and effective therapies are greatly needed. The use of cytotoxic chemotherapies has marginally improved survival in some HGG patient populations. Although several challenges exist for the successful development of immunotherapies for CNS tumors, recent insights into the genetic alterations that define the pathogenesis of HGG and their direct effects on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may allow for a more refined and targeted therapeutic approach. This review will focus on the TME in HGG, the genetic drivers frequently found in these tumors and their effect on the TME, the development of immunotherapy for HGG, and the practical challenges in clinical trials employing immunotherapy for HGG. Herein, we will discuss broadly the TME and immunotherapy development in HGG, with a specific focus on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as well as additional discussion in the context of the pediatric HGG diagnoses of diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and diffuse hemispheric glioma (DHG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Franson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brandon L. McClellan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria Luisa Varela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Comba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mohammad Faisal Syed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Biosciences Initiative in Brain Cancer, Biointerface Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria Graciela Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Biosciences Initiative in Brain Cancer, Biointerface Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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The Comparative Experimental Study of Sodium and Magnesium Dichloroacetate Effects on Pediatric PBT24 and SF8628 Cell Glioblastoma Tumors Using a Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model and on Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810455. [PMID: 36142368 PMCID: PMC9499689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 inhibition with dichloroacetate (DCA) was explored as an alternative cancer therapy. The study’s aim was to compare the effectiveness of NaDCA and MgDCA on pediatric glioblastoma PBT24 and SF8628 tumors and cells. The treatment effects were evaluated on xenografts growth on a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. The PCNA, EZH2, p53, survivin expression in tumor, and the SLC12A2, SLC12A5, SLC5A8, CDH1, and CDH2 expression in cells were studied. The tumor groups were: control, cells treated with 10 mM and 5 mM of NaDCA, and 5 mM and 2.5 mM of MgDCA. The cells were also treated with 3 mM DCA. Both the 10 mM DCA preparations significantly reduced PBT24 and SF8624 tumor invasion rates, while 5 mM NaDCA reduced it only in the SF8628 tumors. The 5 mM MgDCA inhibited tumor-associated neoangiogenesis in PBT24; both doses of NaDCA inhibited tumor-associated neoangiogenesis in SF8628. The 10 mM DCA inhibited the expression of markers tested in PBT24 and SF8628 tumors, but the 5 mM DCA affect on their expression depended on the cation. The DCA treatment did not affect the SLC12A2, SLC12A5, and SLC5A8 expression in cells but increased CDH1 expression in SF8628. The tumor response to DCA at different doses indicated that a contrast between NaDCA and MgDCA effectiveness reflects the differences in the tested cells’ biologies.
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Lechpammer M, Rao R, Shah S, Mirheydari M, Bhattacharya D, Koehler A, Toukam DK, Haworth KJ, Pomeranz Krummel D, Sengupta S. Advances in Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Adult Glioblastoma: Overcoming Chemical and Physical Barriers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1627. [PMID: 35406398 PMCID: PMC8997081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO Grade IV), is a highly aggressive adult glioma. Despite extensive efforts to improve treatment, the current standard-of-care (SOC) regimen, which consists of maximal resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ), achieves only a 12-15 month survival. The clinical improvements achieved through immunotherapy in several extracranial solid tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, inspired investigations to pursue various immunotherapeutic interventions in adult glioblastoma patients. Despite some encouraging reports from preclinical and early-stage clinical trials, none of the tested agents have been convincing in Phase III clinical trials. One, but not the only, factor that is accountable for the slow progress is the blood-brain barrier, which prevents most antitumor drugs from reaching the target in appreciable amounts. Herein, we review the current state of immunotherapy in glioblastoma and discuss the significant challenges that prevent advancement. We also provide thoughts on steps that may be taken to remediate these challenges, including the application of ultrasound technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Lechpammer
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rohan Rao
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Sanjit Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Mona Mirheydari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.M.); (K.J.H.)
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Abigail Koehler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Donatien Kamdem Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Kevin J. Haworth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.M.); (K.J.H.)
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
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Swartz AM, Shen SH, Salgado MA, Congdon KL, Sanchez-Perez L. Promising vaccines for treating glioblastoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:1159-1170. [PMID: 30281978 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1531846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) typically fail to provide lasting antitumor benefits, owing to their inability to specifically eliminate all malignant cells. Cancer vaccines are currently being evaluated as a means to direct the adaptive immune system to target residual GBM cells that remain following standard-of-care treatment. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide an overview of the more noteworthy cancer vaccines that are under investigation for the treatment of GBM, as well as potential future directions that may enhance GBM-vaccine effectiveness. EXPERT OPINION To date, no cancer vaccines have been proven effective against GBM; however, only a few have reached phase III clinical testing. Clinical immunological monitoring data suggest that GBM vaccines are capable of stimulating immune responses reactive to GBM antigens, but whether these responses have an appreciable antitumor effect on GBM is still uncertain. Nevertheless, there have been several promising outcomes in early phase clinical trials, which lend encouragement to this area of study. Further studies with GBM vaccines are, therefore, warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Swartz
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,c Department of Pathology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Steven H Shen
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,c Department of Pathology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Miguel A Salgado
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,d Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Kendra L Congdon
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,d Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Luis Sanchez-Perez
- a Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,b The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,d Department of Neurosurgery , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
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7
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Maugeri G, D'Amico AG, Rasà DM, Federico C, Saccone S, Morello G, La Cognata V, Cavallaro S, D'Agata V. Molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in an in vitro model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5203-5214. [PMID: 30238989 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Based on transcriptional profiles of motor cortex samples, in a previous work, we were able to classify two subgroups of sporadic ALS (SALS) patients, named SALS1 and SALS2. A further meta-analysis study has revealed sixteen drug targets commonly deregulated in SALS2 and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) G93A mice. The identified candidate drug targets included pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2). By using a motor neuron-like hybrid cell line (NSC-34) expressing human SOD1 G93A as an in vitro model of ALS, here we investigated the functional correlation among these three genes. Our results have shown that PACAP increases cell viability following serum deprivation. This effect is induced through EGFR transactivation mediated by protein kinase A stimulation. Furthermore, EGFR phosphorylation activates mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 survival signaling pathway and increases MMP-2 expression, significantly reduced by serum starvation. These results suggest that a deeper characterization of mechanisms involved in PACAP/EGFR/MMP-2 axis activation in G93A SOD1 mutated neurons may allow identifying new targets for ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata G D'Amico
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela M Rasà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Federico
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Morello
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Velia D'Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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8
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Ju X, Yu H, Liang D, Jiang T, Liu Y, Chen L, Dong Q, Liu X. LDR reverses DDP resistance in ovarian cancer cells by affecting ERCC-1, Bcl-2, Survivin and Caspase-3 expressions. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:549-554. [PMID: 29597088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of death resulting from malignant gynecological tumors. After surgical intervention, cisplatin (DDP) is a major chemotherapy drug for ovarian cancer, but the ovarian cancer cells tend to develop DDP resistance in the clinical setting. Tumor cells are sensitive to low-dose radiation (LDR). However, how the LDR therapy improves the effects of chemotherapy drugs on ovarian cancer is not well understood. This study aimed to explore this issue. METHODS The SKOV3/DDP cells were divided into 3 groups, including low-dose group, conventional-dose group, and control group (no radiation). Cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to measure cell proliferation. Flow cytometric analysis was then utilized to quantify the apoptosis with classical Annexin V/propidium iodide co-staining. And Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot were eventually used to analyze the mRNA and protein levels of excision repair cross complementing-group 1 (ERCC1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Survivin and Caspase-3, respectively. RESULTS The IC50 value of DDP in the low-dose group was significantly lower compared with the other two groups. Compared with the conventional-dose group and control group, LDR treatment resulted in significantly more apoptosis. Besides, LDR treatment significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of ERCC1, Bcl-2, and Survivin, and enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3 compared with the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS LDR reversed DDP resistance in SKOV3/DDP cells possibly by suppressing ERCC1, Bcl-2, and Survivin expressions, and increasing Caspase-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Ju
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongsheng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Donghai Liang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Dong
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the prognostic role of survivin in patients with glioma through performing a meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for potentially eligible literature. The study characteristics and relevant data were extracted. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the prognostic role of survivin in patients with glioma. RESULTS Sixteen studies with 1260 patients were included. The pooled HR of higher survivin expression for overall survival was 1.96 (95% CI, 1.57-2.45). The pooled HRs of higher survivin expression for progression- and disease-free survival were 1.62 (95% CI, 0.91-2.90) and 2.41 (95% CI, 0.98-5.90), respectively. Subgroup analyses were also performed. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that higher survivin expression was associated with worse overall survival in patients with glioma. The findings may assist future exploration on pathogenesis, diagnosis, anti-survivin therapy, and prognosis in glioma. However, due to the limited study number, more studies are warranted to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunfu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, The First People's Hospital of Yibin
| | - Changwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, The First People's Hospital of Yibin
| | - Yanlin Song
- West China Medical School of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, The First People's Hospital of Yibin
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, The First People's Hospital of Yibin
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Fenstermaker RA, Figel SA, Qiu J, Barone TA, Dharma SS, Winograd EK, Galbo PM, Wiltsie LM, Ciesielski MJ. Survivin Monoclonal Antibodies Detect Survivin Cell Surface Expression and Inhibit Tumor Growth In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29540489 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) that is highly expressed in many cancers and represents an attractive molecule for targeted cancer therapy. Although primarily regarded as an intracellular protein with diverse actions, survivin has also been identified in association with circulating tumor exosomes.Experimental Design: We have reported that active, specific vaccination with a long peptide survivin immunogen leads to the development of survivin-specific CD8-mediated tumor cell lysis and prolongation of survival in tumor-bearing mice. In addition to cellular antitumor responses, circulating anti-survivin antibodies are detected in the serum of mice and human glioblastoma patients following vaccination with the survivin immunogen.Results: Here we demonstrate that survivin is present on the outer cell membrane of a wide variety of cancer cell types, including both murine and human glioma cells. In addition, antibodies to survivin that are derived from the immunogen display antitumor activity against murine GL261 gliomas in both flank and intracranial tumor models and against B16 melanoma as well.Conclusions: In addition to immunogen-induced, CD8-mediated tumor cell lysis, antibodies to the survivin immunogen have antitumor activity in vivo Cell-surface survivin could provide a specific target for antibody-mediated tumor immunotherapeutic approaches. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2642-52. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Fenstermaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sheila A Figel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jingxin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Tara A Barone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sanam S Dharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Evan K Winograd
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Phillip M Galbo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Laura M Wiltsie
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael J Ciesielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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11
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Faccion RS, Bernardo PS, de Lopes GPF, Bastos LS, Teixeira CL, de Oliveira JA, Fernandes PV, Dubois LG, Chimelli L, Maia RC. p53 expression and subcellular survivin localization improve the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with diffuse astrocytic tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:141-157. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Tumour-specific triple-regulated oncolytic herpes virus to target glioma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28658-69. [PMID: 27070093 PMCID: PMC5053753 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1) therapy is an emerging treatment modality that selectively destroys cancer. Here we report use of a glioma specific HSV-1 amplicon virus (SU4-124 HSV-1) to selectively target tumour cells. To achieve transcriptional regulation of the SU4-124 HSV-1 virus, the promoter for the essential HSV-1 gene ICP4 was replaced with a tumour specific survivin promoter. Translational regulation was achieved by incorporating 5 copies of microRNA 124 target sequences into the 3'UTR of the ICP4 gene. Additionally, a 5'UTR of rat fibroblast growth factor -2 was added in front of the viral ICP4 gene open reading frame. Our results confirmed enhanced expression of survivin and eIF4E in different glioma cells and increased micro-RNA124 expression in normal human and mouse brain tissue. SU4-124 HSV-1 had an increased ICP4 expression and virus replication in different glioma cells compared to normal neuronal cells. SU4-124 HSV-1 exerted a strong antitumour effect against a panel of glioma cell lines. Intracranial injection of SU4-124 HSV-1 did not reveal any sign of toxicity on day 15 after the injection. Moreover, a significantly enhanced antitumour effect with the intratumourally injected SU4-124 HSV-1 virus was demonstrated in mice bearing human glioma U87 tumours, whereas viral DNA was almost undetectable in normal organs. Our study indicates that incorporation of multiple cancer-specific regulators in an HSV-1 system significantly enhances both cancer specificity and oncolytic activity.
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13
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Bhunia S, Vangala V, Bhattacharya D, Ravuri HG, Kuncha M, Chakravarty S, Sistla R, Chaudhuri A. Large Amino Acid Transporter 1 Selective Liposomes of l-DOPA Functionalized Amphiphile for Combating Glioblastoma. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3834-3847. [PMID: 28958145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in neurosurgery and radiation therapy during the past decade, overall survivability (OS) of glioblastoma patients continues to be less than 2 years. The scope of systemic chemotherapy is greatly limited by poor drug transport across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and, thereby, suboptimal drug accumulation in glioma tissue. To this end, use of large amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1) overexpressed both on brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) and glioma cells has begun. Prior reports on the use of LAT1 mediated delivery of model drugs showed their brain accumulations. However, in depth in vivo glioblastoma regression studies aimed at examining the therapeutic potential of LAT1 mediated delivery of potent chemotherapeutics to brain tumor tissues have not yet been undertaken. Herein, we report on the development of a nanometric (100-135 nm) promising LAT1 selective liposomal drug carrier prepared from a novel l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) functionalized amphiphile (Amphi-DOPA). In vitro studies using Rh-PE labeled liposomes of Amphi-DOPA both in untreated glioma (GL261) cells and in GL261cells preincubated with LAT1 antibody revealed LAT1 mediated cellular uptake. Intravenously administered NIR-dye labeled liposomes of Amphi-DOPA in glioblastoma-bearing mice showed preferential accumulation of the dye in brain tissue. Notably iv administration of WP1066-loaded liposomes of Amphi-DOPA enhanced the overall survivability of C57BL/6J mice bearing orthotopically established mouse glioblastoma by ∼60% compared to that for the untreated mouse group. Furthermore, we show that the OS of established glioblastoma-bearing mice can be significantly enhanced (by >300% compared to that for the untreated mouse group) when the presently described LAT1 mediated targeted chemotherapy with WP1066-loaded liposomes of Amphi-DOPA is combined with in vivo DC-targeted DNA vaccination using a survivin (a glioblastoma antigen) encoded DNA vaccine. The present findings open a new door for LAT1 mediated systemic chemotherapy of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Venugopal Vangala
- Department of Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Halley Gora Ravuri
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland , Gatton, Brisbane, Queensland Australia 4343
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Department of Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India.,Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Arabinda Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, India
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14
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Galbo PM, Ciesielski MJ, Figel S, Maguire O, Qiu J, Wiltsie L, Minderman H, Fenstermaker RA. Circulating CD9+/GFAP+/survivin+ exosomes in malignant glioma patients following survivin vaccination. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114722-114735. [PMID: 29383115 PMCID: PMC5777727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells release exosomes in culture and into the extracellular matrix in vivo. These nanobodies transport an array of biomolecules and are capable of mediating cell-cell communication. Circulating exosomes in cancer patients may be indicative of disease status and response to therapy. The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) survivin (SVN) promotes cancer cell proliferation, local immune suppression and resistance to chemotherapy and it is a potential cancer biomarker. We used imaging flow cytometry to perform quantitative measurements of circulating SVN+ exosomes in the serum of malignant glioma patients undergoing investigational treatment with an anti-survivin vaccine (SurVaxM). Serum from glioma patients contained abundant CD9+ exosomes with both SVN and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on their surface. Survivin and GFAP were evaluated both independently and together as possible tumor markers on CD9+ exosomes. Patients with longer time to tumor progression generally exhibited a decrease in circulating CD9+/SVN+ and CD9+/GFAP+/SVN+ exosomes immediately following survivin vaccination; whereas, those with early tumor progression had an increase in exosomes, despite anti-survivin immunotherapy. Serum from non-cancer healthy control individuals had very few detectable CD9+/GFAP+/SVN+ exosomes, although CD9+/GFAP+ exosomes were detectable in small numbers. This study demonstrates that patients with malignant gliomas have CD9+/GFAP+/SVN+ and CD9+/SVN+ exosomes that are released into the circulation and that early reductions in their numbers following anti-survivin immunotherapy might be associated with longer progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Galbo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA
| | - Michael J Ciesielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA.,Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214 USA
| | - Sheila Figel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA
| | - Orla Maguire
- Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA
| | - Jingxin Qiu
- Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA
| | - Laura Wiltsie
- Pediatrics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA.,Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214 USA
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA
| | - Robert A Fenstermaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, 14263 USA.,Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14214 USA
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15
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Srinivasan VM, Ferguson SD, Lee S, Weathers SP, Kerrigan BCP, Heimberger AB. Tumor Vaccines for Malignant Gliomas. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:345-357. [PMID: 28389997 PMCID: PMC5398993 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continued research efforts, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the deadliest brain tumor. Immunotherapy offers a novel way to treat this disease, the genetic signature of which is not completely elucidated. Additionally, these tumors are known to induce immunosuppression in the surrounding tumor microenvironment via an array of mechanisms, making effective treatment all the more difficult. The immunotherapeutic strategy of using tumor vaccines offers a way to harness the activity of the host immune system to potentially control tumor progression. GBM vaccines can react to a variety of tumor-specific antigens, which can be harvested from the patient's unique pathological condition using selected immunotherapy techniques. This article reviews the rationale behind and development of GBM vaccines, the relevant clinical trials, and the challenges involved in this treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherise D Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sungho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiao-Pei Weathers
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Selection and Prioritization of Candidate Drug Targets for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Through a Meta-Analysis Approach. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:563-580. [PMID: 28236105 PMCID: PMC5359376 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disease. Although several compounds have shown promising results in preclinical studies, their translation into clinical trials has failed. This clinical failure is likely due to the inadequacy of the animal models that do not sufficiently reflect the human disease. Therefore, it is important to optimize drug target selection by identifying those that overlap in human and mouse pathology. We have recently characterized the transcriptional profiles of motor cortex samples from sporadic ALS (SALS) patients and differentiated these into two subgroups based on differentially expressed genes, which encode 70 potential therapeutic targets. To prioritize drug target selection, we investigated their degree of conservation in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) G93A transgenic mice, the most widely used ALS animal model. Interspecies comparison of our human expression data with those of eight different SOD1G93A datasets present in public repositories revealed the presence of commonly deregulated targets and related biological processes. Moreover, deregulated expression of the majority of our candidate targets occurred at the onset of the disease, offering the possibility to use them for an early and more effective diagnosis and therapy. In addition to highlighting the existence of common key drivers in human and mouse pathology, our study represents the basis for a rational preclinical drug development.
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17
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Bae IS, Kim CH, Kim JM, Cheong JH, Ryu JI, Han MH. Correlation of survivin and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression with pathological malignancy and anti-apoptotic properties of glial cell tumors. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:396-400. [PMID: 28413637 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, whose mechanism remains unclear, is regulated by multiple factors. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is a well-known anti-apoptotic mediator. Survivin is also a recently recognized novel family inhibitor of apoptosis protein, which inhibits apoptosis via a pathway distinct from Bcl-2 family members. Survivin and Bcl-2 are expressed in various types of human cancer. In the present study, survivin and Bcl-2 expression were characterized in glial cell tumors, and the correlation with pathological malignancy and anti-apoptotic properties were investigated. Fifty-eight patients who had undergone surgical resection for glial cell tumors were evaluated. The pathological types of glial cell tumors were categorized according to the World Health Organization classification. Survivin and Bcl-2 expression levels were investigated by western blot analysis, and apoptosis was detected by DNA fragmentation analysis. The anti-apoptotic rate of glial cell tumors was calculated in tumor samples according to the expression of survivin and Bcl-2 or co-expression. Survivin was characterized in 60.3%, and Bcl-2 was expressed in 43.1% of glioma samples. Co-expression of survivin and Bcl-2 was observed in 25.9% of the tumor specimens. Survivin expression in astrocytic tumors was identified to be significantly associated with the pathological grade (P<0.05); however, Bcl-2 was not (P>0.05). Anti-apoptotic rate of glial cell tumors were detected in 91.4, 92.0 and 100% of patients exhibiting survivin, Bcl-2 or co-expression, respectively. However, the difference in anti-apoptotic frequency between the three groups was not identified to be statistically significant (P>0.05). The present study suggests that survivin expression is correlated with pathological grades of gliomas. In addition, the expression of survivin or Bcl-2 exerts potent anti-apoptotic properties in gliomas. Thus, survivin or Bcl-2 may serve as potential targets for inducing the apoptosis of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Suk Bae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
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18
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Teng Y, Dong YC, Liu Z, Zou Y, Xie H, Zhao Y, Su J, Cao F, Jin H, Ren H. DNA methylation-mediated caspase-8 downregulation is associated with anti-apoptotic activity and human malignant glioma grade. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:725-733. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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19
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Gersey ZC, Rodriguez GA, Barbarite E, Sanchez A, Walters WM, Ohaeto KC, Komotar RJ, Graham RM. Curcumin decreases malignant characteristics of glioblastoma stem cells via induction of reactive oxygen species. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:99. [PMID: 28160777 PMCID: PMC5292151 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of primary brain tumor in adults. Following standard treatment of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, patients are expected to survive 12–14 months. Theorized cause of disease recurrence in these patients is tumor cell repopulation through the proliferation of treatment-resistant cancer stem cells. Current research has revealed curcumin, the principal ingredient in turmeric, can modulate multiple signaling pathways important for cancer stem cell self-renewal and survival. Methods Following resection, tumor specimens were dissociated and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) were propagated in neurosphere media and characterized via immunocytochemistry. Cell viability was determined with MTS assay. GSC proliferation, sphere forming and colony forming assays were conducted through standard counting methods. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined using the fluorescent molecular probe CM-H2DCFA. Effects on cell signaling pathways were elucidated by western blot. Results We evaluate the effects of curcumin on patient-derived GSC lines. We demonstrate a curcumin-induced dose-dependent decrease in GSC viability with an approximate IC50 of 25 μM. Treatment with sub-toxic levels (2.5 μM) of curcumin significantly decreased GSC proliferation, sphere forming ability and colony forming potential. Curcumin induced ROS, promoted MAPK pathway activation, downregulated STAT3 activity and IAP family members. Inhibition of ROS with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reversed these effects indicating a ROS dependent mechanism. Conclusions Discoveries made in this investigation may lead to a non-toxic intervention designed to prevent recurrence in glioblastoma by targeting glioblastoma stem cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3058-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Gersey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gregor A Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eric Barbarite
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anthony Sanchez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Winston M Walters
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kelechi C Ohaeto
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ricardo J Komotar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative (UMBTI) Research Laboratory, Lois Pope LIFE Center, 2nd Floor, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA.
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20
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Saito K, Ohta S, Kawakami Y, Yoshida K, Toda M. Functional analysis of KIF20A, a potential immunotherapeutic target for glioma. J Neurooncol 2017; 132:63-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Clinical study of a survivin long peptide vaccine (SurVaxM) in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1339-1352. [PMID: 27576783 PMCID: PMC5069322 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is an anti-apoptotic protein that is highly expressed in many cancers, including malignant gliomas. Preclinical studies established that the conjugated survivin peptide mimic SurVaxM (SVN53-67/M57-KLH) could stimulate an anti-tumor immune response against murine glioma in vivo, as well as human glioma cells ex vivo. The current clinical study was conducted to test safety, immunogenicity and clinical effects of the vaccine. Recurrent malignant glioma patients whose tumors were survivin-positive, and who had either HLA-A*02 or HLA-A*03 MHC class I allele-positivity, were given subcutaneous injections of SurVaxM (500 μg) in Montanide ISA 51 with sargramostim (100 μg) at 2-week intervals. SurVaxM was well tolerated with mostly grade one adverse events (AE) and no serious adverse events (SAE) attributable to the study drug. Six patients experienced local injection site reactions; three patients reported fatigue (grades 1 and 2), and 2 patients experienced myalgia (grade 1). Six of eight immunologically evaluable patients developed both cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccine. The vaccine also stimulated HLA-A*02, HLA-A*03 and HLA-A*24 restricted T cell responses. Three patients maintained a partial clinical response or stable disease for more than 6 months. Median progression-free survival was 17.6 weeks, and median overall survival was 86.6 weeks from study entry with seven of nine patients surviving more than 12 months.
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22
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Renner G, Janouskova H, Noulet F, Koenig V, Guerin E, Bär S, Nuesch J, Rechenmacher F, Neubauer S, Kessler H, Blandin AF, Choulier L, Etienne-Selloum N, Lehmann M, Lelong-Rebel I, Martin S, Dontenwill M. Integrin α5β1 and p53 convergent pathways in the control of anti-apoptotic proteins PEA-15 and survivin in high-grade glioma. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:640-53. [PMID: 26470725 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin α5β1 expression is correlated with a worse prognosis in high-grade glioma. We previously unraveled a negative crosstalk between integrin α5β1 and p53 pathway, which was proposed to be part of the resistance of glioblastoma to chemotherapies. The restoration of p53 tumor-suppressor function is under intensive investigations for cancer therapy. However, p53-dependent apoptosis is not always achieved by p53-reactivating compounds such as Nutlin-3a, although full transcriptional activity of p53 could be obtained. Here we investigated whether integrin α5β1 functional inhibition or repression could sensitize glioma cells to Nutlin-3a-induced p53-dependent apoptosis. We discovered that α5β1 integrin-specific blocking antibodies or small RGD-like antagonists in association with Nutlin-3a triggered a caspase (Casp) 8/Casp 3-dependent strong apoptosis in glioma cells expressing a functional p53. We deciphered the molecular mechanisms involved and we showed the crucial role of two anti-apoptotic proteins, phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 (PEA-15) and survivin in glioma cell apoptotic outcome. PEA-15 is under α5β1 integrin/AKT (protein kinase B) control and survivin is a p53-repressed target. Moreover, interconnections between integrin and p53 pathways were revealed. Indeed PEA-15 repression by specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-activated p53 pathway to repress survivin and conversely survivin repression by specific siRNA decreased α5β1 integrin expression. This pro-apoptotic loop could be generalized to several glioma cell lines, whatever their p53 status, inasmuch PEA-15 and survivin protein levels were decreased. Our findings identify a novel mechanism whereby inhibition of α5β1 integrin and activation of p53 modulates two anti-apoptotic proteins crucially involved in the apoptotic answer of glioma cells. Importantly, our results suggest that high-grade glioma expressing high level of α5β1 integrin may benefit from associated therapies including integrin antagonists and repressors of survivin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Renner
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - H Janouskova
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - F Noulet
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - V Koenig
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - E Guerin
- EA3430, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Bär
- Tumor Virology Division (F010), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum/German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nuesch
- Tumor Virology Division (F010), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum/German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rechenmacher
- Department Chemie, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Studies, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - S Neubauer
- Department Chemie, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Studies, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - H Kessler
- Department Chemie, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Studies, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - A-F Blandin
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - L Choulier
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - N Etienne-Selloum
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - M Lehmann
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - I Lelong-Rebel
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - S Martin
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - M Dontenwill
- Integrins and Cancer, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR7213 CNRS, LBP, Tumoral Signaling and Therapeutic Targets Department, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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Zhang M, Zhang X, Zhao S, Wang Y, Di W, Zhao G, Yang M, Zhang Q. Prognostic value of survivin and EGFR protein expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Target Oncol 2015; 9:349-57. [PMID: 24233638 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-013-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particular type of breast cancer which is characterized by its biological aggressiveness, worse prognosis, and lack of prognostic markers or therapeutic targets in contrast with hormonal receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers. We aimed to evaluate survivin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and their prognostic value and determine their relationships with the clinicopathological parameters of TNBC. A total of 136 patients who had undergone a resection of primary TNBC were enrolled at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from March 2003 to September 2005. Expression of ER, PR, HER2, EGFR, and survivin was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The association of TNBC and other clinicopathological variables and the prognostic value of survivin and EGFR expression were evaluated. Survivin was expressed in 62 (45.6 %) cases and EGFR was expressed in 82 (60.3 %) cases. Survivin expression was associated with menopausal status (P = 0.011), tumor size (P = 0.037), and lymph node status (P = 0.001). EGFR expression was associated with menopausal status (P = 0.029), lymph node status (P = 0.004), P53 expression (P = 0.001), Ki-67 expression (P = 0.028), and lymphatic vascular invasion (P = 0.037). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size (hazard ratio (HR) 1.587, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.081–2.330, P = 0.018 for disease-free survival (DFS); HR 1.606, 95%CI 1.096–2.354, P = 0.015 for overall survival (OS)), lymph node status (HR 2.873, 95%CI 1.544–5.344, P = 0.001 for DFS; HR 2.915, 95%CI 1.553–5.471, P = 0.001 for OS), tumor grade (HR 1.914, 95%CI 1.218–3.007, P = 0.005 for DFS; HR 1.983, 95%CI 1.228–3.203, P = 0.005 for OS), EGFR (HR 3.008, 95%CI 1.331–6.792, P = 0.008 for DFS; HR 3.151, 95%CI 1.374–7.226, P = 0.007 for OS), and survivin (HR 1.573, 95%CI 1.087–2.277, P = 0.016 for DFS; HR 1.607, 95%CI 1.088–2.374, P = 0.017 for OS) were of prognostic significance for disease-free and overall survival. We draw a conclusion from the present study that survivin and EGFR expression are useful prognostic markers of TNBC and might be useful for molecular targeting therapy of TNBC treatment.
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Bache M, Rot S, Keßler J, Güttler A, Wichmann H, Greither T, Wach S, Taubert H, Söling A, Bilkenroth U, Kappler M, Vordermark D. mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in human glioblastoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:3155-61. [PMID: 25963717 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in the development of malignancy and tumour progression are well known. However, there are a limited number of studies analysing the impact of mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in the tissues of brain tumours and glioblastoma patients. In this study, tumour tissues from patients with glioblastoma multiforme and tumour adjacent tissues were analysed. We investigated mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and osteopontin (OPN), and stem cell-associated genes survivin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), Nanog and octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our data revealed higher mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in tumour tissue than levels in the tumour adjacent tissues in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. A strong positive correlation between the mRNA expression levels of HIF-2α, CA9, VEGF, GLUT-1 and OPN suggests a specific hypoxia-associated profile of mRNA expression in glioblastoma multiforme. Additionally, the results indicate the role of stem-cell-related genes in tumour hypoxia. Kaplan-Maier analysis revealed that high mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced markers showed a trend towards shorter overall survival in glioblastoma patients (P=0.061). Our data suggest that mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced genes are important tumour markers in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Swetlana Rot
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Keßler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Antje Güttler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Henri Wichmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Greither
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Clinic of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ariane Söling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Fenstermaker RA, Ciesielski MJ. Challenges in the development of a survivin vaccine (SurVaxM) for malignant glioma. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:377-85. [PMID: 24521310 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.881255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in immunotherapy for malignant gliomas. This interest stems from a number of immunological observations, together with the failure of conventional therapeutic agents to produce broad and clinically meaningful improvements in survival and quality of life. The challenges faced in translating laboratory-based immunological observations to Phase I and II clinical trials for immunotherapy of gliomas are substantial. Nevertheless, as our understanding of the effects of active specific vaccination in glioma patients grows, results support optimism that such methods may eventually prove useful as an adjunctive treatment for these cancers. This paper highlights a number of barriers encountered in the translational development of a survivin-targeted peptide vaccine (SurVaxM) for patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Fenstermaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute and State University of New York School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Guo H, Wang Y, Song T, Xin T, Zheng Z, Zhong P, Zhang X. Silencing of Survivin Using YM155 Inhibits Invasion and Suppresses Proliferation in Glioma Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:587-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lv S, Dai C, Liu Y, Shi R, Tang Z, Han M, Bian R, Sun B, Wang R. The impact of survivin on prognosis and clinicopathology of glioma patients: a systematic meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1462-7. [PMID: 25063470 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Up to now, survivin has been recommended as a prognostic and diagnostic indicator in glioma patients. However, there are still many controversies. Here, a meta-analysis was conducted to draw a more definitive conclusion on the correlation of survivin with overall survival (OS), age, gender, and WHO grade. Eligible studies were available through careful assessment, and then pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated. Funnel plots were introduced to evaluate the publication bias. Additionally, heterogeneity and sensitivity were also evaluated. In the present meta-analysis, 15 eligible studies with a total of 1,089 patients were incorporated. Survivin expression in gliomas correlated with 2-year OS (n = 8; HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.11-0.26) and 5-year OS (n = 7; HR 0.12, 95% CI 0.07-0.22) in patients. In addition, a fixed-effect model revealed a significant association between survivin and age (male/+; OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.44-3.05) and survivin and WHO grade (I+II/+; OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.19-0.38). No heterogeneity was observed across all studies. According to Begg's and Egger's test and funnel plot, no publication bias was reported. Taken together, our meta-analysis suggests that survivin expression is associated with poor survival, older age, and higher WHO grade and could be suggested as a useful prognostic and diagnostic biomarker, or an effective therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunzeng Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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Wang W, Li Z, Duan J, Wang C, Fang Y, Yang XD. In vitro enhancement of dendritic cell-mediated anti-glioma immune response by graphene oxide. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:311. [PMID: 25024678 PMCID: PMC4082417 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Malignant glioma has extremely poor prognosis despite combination treatments with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy may potentially serve as an adjuvant treatment of glioma, but its efficacy generally needs further improvement. Here we explored whether graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets could modulate the DC-mediated anti-glioma immune response in vitro, using the T98G human glioma cell line as the study model. Pulsing DCs with a glioma peptide antigen (Ag) generated a limited anti-glioma response compared to un-pulsed DCs. Pulsing DCs with GO alone failed to produce obvious immune modulation effects. However, stimulating DCs with a mixture of GO and Ag (GO-Ag) significantly enhanced the anti-glioma immune reaction (p < 0.05). The secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by the lymphocytes was also markedly boosted by GO-Ag. Additionally, the anti-glioma immune response induced by GO-Ag appeared to be target-specific. Furthermore, at the concentration used in this study, GO exhibited a negligible effect on the viability of the DCs. These results suggested that GO might have potential utility for boosting a DC-mediated anti-glioma immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinhong Duan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chen Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Fang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xian-Da Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Liu Z, Zhang X, Xu X, Chen L, Li W, Yu H, Sun Y, Zeng J, Jia J. RUNX3 inhibits survivin expression and induces cell apoptosis in gastric cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:118-26. [PMID: 24636883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor RUNX3 is associated with gastric tumorigenesis and progression through regulating the expression of its target genes. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family and has been shown to inhibit cell apoptosis and promote cell proliferation. Increased survivin expression has been found in various cancer types, including gastric cancer. In this study, we found that restoration of RUNX3 promotes cell apoptosis through inhibiting the survivin expression, while RUNX3 inhibition increases the expression of survivin in gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, RUNX3 over-expression inhibits,whereas its inhibition increases, the promoter activity of survivin gene, respectively. RUNX3-R122C, a mutation located in the conserved Runt domain, has no effect on the promoter activity of survivin gene. We further identified a RUNX3-binding site in the promoter of survivin gene and the binding of RUNX3 on survivin promoter leads to significantly inhibition of survivin expression. Finally, we confirmed the negative correlation of RUNX3 and survivin expression in clinical specimens of gastric cancer. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of RUNX3 for the induction of cell apoptosis in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xinchao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yundong Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jiping Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
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STAT3 Activation in Glioblastoma: Biochemical and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:376-95. [PMID: 24518612 PMCID: PMC3980601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a potent regulator of gliomagenesis through its induction of angiogenesis, host immunosuppression, and tumor invasion. Gain of function mutations result in constitutive activation of STAT3 in glioma cells, making STAT3 an attractive target for inhibition in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, some studies show that STAT3 also participates in terminal differentiation and apoptosis of various cell lines and in glioma with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient genetic backgrounds. In light of these findings, the utility of STAT3 as a prognostic indicator and as a target of drug therapies will be contingent on a more nuanced understanding of its pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects.
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Joel M, Sandberg CJ, Boulland JL, Vik-Mo EO, Langmoen IA, Glover JC. Inhibition of tumor formation and redirected differentiation of glioblastoma cells in a xenotypic embryonic environment. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:1078-93. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Khan-Farooqi HR, Prins RM, Liau LM. Tumor immunology, immunomics and targeted immunotherapy for central nervous system malignancies. Neurol Res 2013; 27:692-702. [PMID: 16197806 DOI: 10.1179/016164105x49490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the brain was traditionally considered as 'immunologically privileged', recent findings have implied an involvement of immune mechanisms in neurological disease and illness, including central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. In this review, we initially focus on aspects of the immune system critical for effective antitumor immunity, as an understanding of normal immunological functions and how they relate to tumor immunology will set a foundation for understanding the unique challenges facing the integration of neuro-oncology and neuroimmunology. We summarize current knowledge of immune responses in the 'immunologically quiescent' brain and its role in tumor immunology. We will then discuss the emerging field of 'immunomics' and recent advances in molecular technologies, such as DNA microarray, which are being applied to brain tumor antigen epitope discovery and patient stratification for brain cancer immunotherapy. This, in turn, should have significant importance for ultimately designing and developing efficient and focused strategies for anticancer immunotherapy. Finally, the current state of immune-based treatment paradigms and future directions will be discussed, paying particular attention to targeted antibody strategies, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, and tumor vaccine approaches that have been studied in clinical trials for CNS neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haumith R Khan-Farooqi
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-6901, USA
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Sun B, Xu H, Zhang G, Zhu Y, Sun H, Hou G. Basic fibroblast growth factor upregulates survivin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via a protein kinase B-dependent pathway. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:385-90. [PMID: 23677479 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis. Several studies have reported that bFGF may influence cell apoptosis through different signaling pathways. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of bFGF on the activities of protein kinase B (PKB)/survivin and cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Bel-7402). We treated Bel-7402 cells with bFGF and wortmannin [phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-specific inhibitor] separately to observe the expression of PKB and survivin detected with RT-PCR and western blotting. The cell cycle and apoptosis were assayed with flow cytometry. We found a significant increase in PKB expression in the group treated with 25 ng/ml bFGF for 10 min (P<0.05), and this effect was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with wortmannin (200 nM) for 1 h. After treatment with 10 ng/ml bFGF, the expression of survivin mRNA in Bel-7402 cells increased significantly, and reached the peak at 16 h (P<0.05); however, this effect could be significantly inhibited by pretreatment with wortmannin (200 mM) in a time-dependent manner. Following incubation with 25 ng/ml bFGF for 10 min, the apoptosis rate and M phase were significantly decreased and S phase cells increased compared with the wortmannin (200 nM)-treated group. When this group was pretreated with wortmannin (200 nM) for 1 h, the apoptosis rate and S phase were significantly increased, M phase cells decreased. The results revealed that wortmannin could induce high apoptosis rates in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and bFGF could inhibit the cell apoptosis induced by wortmannin. These findings indicate that bFGF could rapidly activate the PKB activities, enhance the expression of survivin and the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the PI3K pathway, thus it may serve as a novel molecule for early targeting therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Armstrong MJ, Stang MT, Liu Y, Gao J, Ren B, Zuckerbraun BS, Mahidhara RS, Xing Q, Pizzoferrato E, Yim JH. Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF-1) induces p21(WAF1/CIP1) dependent cell cycle arrest and p21(WAF1/CIP1) independent modulation of survivin in cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 319:56-65. [PMID: 22200613 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that the ectopic expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF-1) results in human cancer cell death accompanied by the down-regulation of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) survivin and the induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1). In this report, we investigated the direct role of p21 in the suppression of survivin. We show that IRF-1 down-regulates cyclin B1, cdc-2, cyclin E, E2F1, Cdk2, Cdk4, and results in p21-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, while p21 directly mediates G1 cell cycle arrest, IRF-1 or other IRF-1 signaling pathways may directly regulate survivin in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaele J Armstrong
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Jaiswal PK, Goel A, Mandhani A, Mittal RD. Functional polymorphisms in promoter survivin gene and its association with susceptibility to bladder cancer in North Indian cohort. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5615-21. [PMID: 22193624 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of novel inhibitor of apoptosis protein family which expressed in human cancers. The molecular detection of bladder cancer by targeting Survivin as a novel marker may be useful in the occurrence and progression of cancer. We genotyped Survivin -31G>C, -1547A>G and -241C>T by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism to evaluate the risk of bladder cancer (BC) in 200 BC patients and 200 healthy controls from North Indian cohort. We observed significant increased BC risk associated with variant CC genotype of Survivin -31G>C having 2.6 fold risk. The variant genotype of Survivin -1547A>G was significantly associated with BC risk (P = 0.047). In case of Survivin -241C>T the protective genotype for BC was heterozygous (P = 0.035). Smoking significantly modulated the risk in patients with Survivin -1547A>G polymorphism. Variant as well as hetero genotype of Survivin -31G>C was associated with reduced risk of recurrence (HR = 0.22 and 0.35) in BC patients receiving BCG treatment thus showing least survival. Furthermore, the haplotype analysis revealed C-A-T haplotype to be associated with reduced BC risk. Our findings suggested that the functional polymorphism -31G>C, -1547A>G and -241C>T in the promoter of Survivin gene may play a significant role in mediating the BC risk among North Indian cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang F, Bai HR, Wang J, Bai YZ, Dou CW. Glioma Growth Inhibition In Vitro and In Vivo by Single Chain Variable Fragments of the Transferrin Receptor Conjugated to Survivin Small Interfering RNA. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:1701-12. [PMID: 22117970 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of survivin by small interfering RNA (siRNA) can delay glioma growth. To enhance the effect of survivin-siRNA on intercranial glioma, a conjugate of siRNA-survivin and single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of the transferrin receptor (TfR) was constructed and its effects assessed in vitro and in vivo. Survivin-siRNA and the survivin-siRNA/scFv-TfR conjugate were constructed and used successfully to inhibit glioma U87 cell proliferation and enhance apoptosis in vitro. The molecular constructs were administered to an established U87 orthotopic mouse model. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry of the glioma tissues showed that survivin protein levels were strongly suppressed by the survivin-siRNA/scFv-TfR conjugate in vivo. Furthermore, survivin-siRNA/scFv-TfR prolonged the survival time of mice more than survivin-siRNA. In conclusion, the survivin-siRNA/scFv-TfR conjugate efficiently enhanced the effects of survivin-siRNA on glioma suppression in vivo, confirming the applicability of antibody-targeted molecular therapies for treating human brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China
| | - H-R Bai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China
| | - Y-Z Bai
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China
| | - C-W Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China
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Hendruschk S, Wiedemuth R, Aigner A, Töpfer K, Cartellieri M, Martin D, Kirsch M, Ikonomidou C, Schackert G, Temme A. RNA interference targeting survivin exerts antitumoral effects in vitro and in established glioma xenografts in vivo. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:1074-89. [PMID: 21788344 PMCID: PMC3177660 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma represents the most common primary adult brain tumor in Western industrialized countries. Despite aggressive treatment modalities, the median survival duration for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the highest grade malignant glioma, has not improved significantly over past decades. One promising approach to deal with GBM is the inactivation of proteins essential for survival or progression of glioma cells by means of RNA interference (RNAi) techniques. A likely candidate for an RNAi therapy of gliomas is the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin. Survivin is involved in 2 main cellular processes-cell division and inhibition of apoptosis. We show here that stable RNAi of survivin induced polyploidy, apoptosis, and impaired proliferation of human U343-MG, U373-MG, H4, and U87-MG cells and of primary glioblastoma cells. Proteome profiler arrays using U373-MG cells identified a novel set of differentially expressed genes upon RNAi-mediated survivin knockdown. In particular, the death receptor TRAIL R2/DR5 was strongly upregulated in survivin-depleted glioma cells, inducing an enhanced cytotoxic response of allogeneic human NK cells. Moreover, an experimental in vivo therapy using polyethylenimine (PEI)/siRNA complexes for survivin knockdown efficiently blocked tumor growth of established subcutaneous U373-MG tumors and enhanced survival of NMRI(nu/nu) mice orthopically transplanted with U87-MG cells. We conclude that survivin is functionally relevant in gliomas and that PEI-mediated exogenous delivery of siRNA targeting survivin is a promising strategy for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Hendruschk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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Srivastava K, Srivastava A, Mittal B. Survivin promoter -31G/C (rs9904341) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1509-16. [PMID: 21611748 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to assess the association of survivin -31 G/C promoter polymorphism and cancer risk. Thirteen case-control studies identified through PubMed and published between 2007 and 2011 with a total of 3329 cancer cases and 3979 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to investigate the strength of the association. Overall, the pooled analysis showed that survivin -31C allele was associated with 1.27 fold increased risk of cancer compared with the -31G allele (95% CI = 1.091-1.479; random model). Subgroup analyses based on type of cancer and ethnicity were also performed, and results indicated that survivin -31G/C polymorphism was not associated with risk of gastric cancer [OR = 2.879; 95% CI = 0.553-15.004) for CC vs.GG] and esophageal cancer [OR = 1.352; 95% CI = 0.494-3.699) for CC vs.GG]. Stratification on the basis of ethnicity showed that the risk due to -31C allele was significant only in Asian population [OR = 1.894; 95% CI = 1.206-2.974 for CC vs.GG]. The present meta-analysis suggests an important role of survivin -31 G/C polymorphism with cancer risk especially in Asian population. However, further studies with larger sample size are required to draw more comprehensive conclusions and provide more precise evidence in individual cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
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Arsenic trioxide induces autophagy and apoptosis in human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo through downregulation of survivin. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:927-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Anandharaj A, Cinghu S, Park WY. Rapamycin-mediated mTOR inhibition attenuates survivin and sensitizes glioblastoma cells to radiation therapy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:292-300. [PMID: 21367753 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, an antiapoptotic protein, is elevated in most malignancies and attributes to radiation resistance in tumors including glioblastoma multiforme. The downregulation of survivin could sensitize glioblastoma cells to radiation therapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in attenuating survivin and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma cells, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Here we tested various concentrations of rapamycin (1-8 nM) in combination with radiation dose 4 Gy. Rapamycin effectively modulated the protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR proteins, and this inhibition was further enhanced by radiation. The expression level of survivin was decreased in rapamycin pre-treatment glioblastoma cells followed by radiation; meanwhile, the phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X (H2AX) at serine-139 (γ-H2AX) was increased. p21 protein was also induced on radiation with rapamycin pre-treatment, which enhanced G1 arrest and the accumulation of cells at G0/subG1 phase. Furthermore, the clonogenic cell survival assay revealed a significant dose-dependent decrease in the surviving fraction for all three cell lines pre-treated with rapamycin. Our studies demonstrated that targeting survivin may be an effective approach for radiosensitization of malignant glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Anandharaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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Zu X, Ma J, Liu H, Liu F, Tan C, Yu L, Wang J, Xie Z, Cao D, Jiang Y. Pro-oncogene Pokemon promotes breast cancer progression by upregulating survivin expression. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R26. [PMID: 21392388 PMCID: PMC3219187 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pokemon is an oncogenic transcription factor involved in cell growth, differentiation and oncogenesis, but little is known about its role in human breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to reveal the role of Pokemon in breast cancer progression and patient survival and to understand its underlying mechanisms. Methods Tissue microarray analysis of breast cancer tissues from patients with complete clinicopathological data and more than 20 years of follow-up were used to evaluate Pokemon expression and its correlation with the progression and prognosis of the disease. DNA microarray analysis of MCF-7 cells that overexpress Pokemon was used to identify Pokemon target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and site-directed mutagenesis were utilized to determine how Pokemon regulates survivin expression, a target gene. Results Pokemon was found to be overexpressed in 158 (86.8%) of 182 breast cancer tissues, and its expression was correlated with tumor size (P = 0.0148) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0014). Pokemon expression led to worse overall (n = 175, P = 0.01) and disease-related (n = 79, P = 0.0134) patient survival. DNA microarray analyses revealed that in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, Pokemon regulates the expression of at least 121 genes involved in several signaling and metabolic pathways, including anti-apoptotic survivin. In clinical specimens, Pokemon and survivin expression were highly correlated (n = 49, r = 0.6799, P < 0.0001). ChIP and site-directed mutagenesis indicated that Pokemon induces survivin expression by binding to the GT boxes in its promoter. Conclusions Pokemon promotes breast cancer progression by upregulating survivin expression and thus may be a potential target for the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Zu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Lishui Road, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Eisele G, Weller M. Targeting apoptosis pathways in glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2011; 332:335-45. [PMID: 21269762 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of glioblastoma remains a major challenge for clinicians since these highly aggressive brain tumors are relatively resistant towards radio- and chemotherapy. The pathways that control apoptosis are altered in glioblastoma cells leading to resistance towards apoptotic stimuli in general. In this review we describe the alterations affecting the p53 pathway, the BCL-2 protein family, the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and several growth factor pathways involved in the regulation of programmed cell death and define possible targets for new therapies within these apoptotic pathways in glioblastomas. Moreover, we review strategies to target death receptor pathways, most notably to render the glioblastoma cells more susceptible towards this approach without enhancing toxicity in general. Most of the strategies targeting apoptosis in glioblastomas presented here are in a pre-clinical stage of development, however, they all share the ultimative goal to improve the outcome for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Eisele
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ding L, Sun X, You Y, Liu N, Fu Z. Expression of focal adhesion kinase and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase in human gliomas is associated with unfavorable overall survival. Transl Res 2010; 156:45-52. [PMID: 20621036 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human glioma is a malignancy that has no effective systemic therapy. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is overexpressed in various invasive and metastatic tumor cells. To investigate its prognostic value in human gliomas, which currently is unknown, we examined the expression patterns of FAK and its activated form, phospho-FAK (FAK pY397), and analyzed the correlation between their expression and prognosis in patients with gliomas. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect FAK and phospho-FAK expression patterns in the biopsies from 96 patients with primary gliomas. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis of patients. As a result, the immunohistochemical analysis revealed that FAK and phospho-FAK both were associated significantly with the Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) score and World Health Organization (WHO) grades of patients with gliomas. Especially, the positive expression rates of FAK and phospho-FAK were significantly higher in patients with a higher grade (P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) and a lower KPS score (P = 0.006 and 0.008, respectively). The patients with FAK positive expression correlated with a poor prognosis of human gliomas (P = 0.006) as well as phospho-FAK (P = 0.01). The survival rate of the patients with FAK+/phospho-FAK+ expression was the lowest (P < 0.05), and conjoined expressions of FAK/phospho-FAK were an independent prognostic indicator of human gliomas (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results suggest that the elevated expression of FAK and phospho-FAK is an important feature of human glioma. A combined detection of FAK/phospho-FAK coexpression may benefit us in the prediction of the prognosis of human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianshu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response induced by a survivin peptide mimic. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1211-21. [PMID: 20422411 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a tumor-associated antigen with significant potential as a cancer vaccine target. We have identified a survivin peptide mimic containing human MHC class I epitopes and a potential class II ligand that induces a potent antitumor response in C57BL/6 mice with GL261 cerebral gliomas. This peptide is able to elicit both CD8+ CTL and T helper cell responses in C57BL/6 mice. The corresponding region of the human survivin molecule represented by peptide SVN53-67 is 100% homologous to the murine protein, but SVN53-67 is weakly immunogenic in man. We evaluated several amino acid substitutions in putative human MHC I anchor positions in SVN53-67 to identify potential peptide mimics that could provide an enhanced antitumor immune response against human glioma and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) cells in culture. We evaluated survivin peptides with predicted binding to human HLA-A*0201 antigen using peptide-loaded dendritic cells from PBMC of patients with these malignancies. One alteration (M57) led to binding to HLA-A*0201 with significantly higher affinity. We compared the ability of autologous dendritic cells loaded with SVN53-67 peptide and SVN53-67/M57 in CTL assays against allomatched and autologous, survivin-expressing, human malignant glioma and PCNSL cells. Both SVN53-67 and SVN53-67/M57 produced CTL-mediated killing of malignant target cells; however, SVN53-67/M57 was significantly more effective than SVN53-67. Thus, SVN53-67/M57 may act as a peptide mimic to induce an enhanced antitumor CTL response in tumor patients. The use of SVN53-67/M57 as a cancer vaccine might have application for cancer vaccine therapy.
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Tu Y, Lu J, Fu J, Cao Y, Fu G, Kang R, Tian X, Wang B. Over-expression of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 confers poor prognosis of patients with gliomas. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 40:388-94. [PMID: 20304779 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyp186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 is a member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor family, a group of proteins which are known to activate and thereby regulate Rho family members. Deregulation of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression has been found in certain types of human tumors. To investigate its prognostic value in human gliomas, which is currently unknown, we examined the correlation between neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression and prognosis in patients with gliomas. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression patterns in the biopsies from 96 patients with primary gliomas. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox's regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis of patients. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 antibody revealed that neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 was significantly associated with the Karnofsky performance scale score and World Health Organization grades of patients with gliomas. Especially, the positive expression rates of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 were significantly higher in patients with higher grade (P = 0.001) and lower Karnofsky's performance scale score (P = 0.005). The median survival of patients with high neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression was significantly shorter than that with low expression and without expression (316, 892 and 1180 days, respectively). Cox's multifactor analysis showed that the Karnofsky performance scale (P = 0.01), World Health Organization grade (P = 0.008) and neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 (P = 0.006) were independent prognosis factors for human glioma. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study indicates for the first time that neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 status may be a highly sensitive marker for glioma prognosis and suggest that the expression patterns of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 might be a potent tool for predicting the clinical prognosis of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Tu
- Department of Emergency, Tangdu Hospital, The Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
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Tu Y, Zhong Y, Fu J, Cao Y, Fu G, Tian X, Wang B. Activation of JAK/STAT signal pathway predicts poor prognosis of patients with gliomas. Med Oncol 2010; 28:15-23. [PMID: 20135364 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
JAK/STAT pathway transmits signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus in response to extracellular growth factors and cytokines. Activation of this pathway has been found in certain types of human tumors. The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between the JAK/STAT pathway in human gliomas and patients' prognosis, which currently is unknown. Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect JAK-1, phosphorylated JAK-1, and STAT-3 expression patterns in the biopsies from 96 patients with primary gliomas. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis of patients. Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical staining both indicated that the expression levels of JAK-1, phosphorylated JAK-1, and STAT-3 in primary glioma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal brain tissues (P < 0.001). Especially, the positive expression rates of JAK-1, phosphorylated JAK-1, and STAT-3 were significantly higher in patients with higher grade (P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively) and lower KPS score (P = 0.01, 0.008, and 0.01, respectively). Statistical analysis showed that patients with gliomas expressing JAK-1 and STAT-3 have lower overall survival rates relative to those not expressing these proteins. Cox multi-factor analysis showed that KPS (P = 0.03), WHO grade (P = 0.008), JAK-1 (P = 0.005), and STAT-3 (P = 0.006) were independent prognosis factors for human gliomas. These results provide convincing evidence for the first time that the JAK/STAT pathway may play a role in the progression of human gliomas. Its activated state might be a potent tool for predicting the clinical prognosis of patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Tu
- Department of Emergency, Tangdu Hospital, The Forth Military Medical University, 710038 Xi'an, Shanxi, China
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Liu R, Mitchell DA. Survivin as an immunotherapeutic target for adult and pediatric malignant brain tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:183-93. [PMID: 19756596 PMCID: PMC11030045 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Liu
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA.
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Dai CH, Li J, Shi SB, Yu LC, Ge LP, Chen P. Survivin and Smac gene expressions but not livin are predictors of prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 40:327-35. [PMID: 20056675 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyp165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Survivin and livin, which are members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, regulate both programmed cell death and proliferation. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase is thought to regulate apoptosis by antagonizing inhibitor of apoptosis protein. These gene expressions are regarded as prognostic markers in some malignancies. However, result in previous studies of the association of these gene expressions with prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer remains contradictory. METHODS Survivin, livin and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in surgical resected tumor specimen from 66 non-small cell lung patients who received adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. RESULTS Results showed that patients with survivin high expression had significantly shorter tumor-free survival (P = 0.012) and overall survival (P = 0.007) than those with survivin low expression. There was a significant association of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase high expression in non-small cell lung cancer tissue with longer tumor-free survival (P = 0.021) and overall survival (P = 0.0013). However, livin mRNA expression level had no impact on the tumor-free survival and overall survival of the patients. In multivariate analyses, survivin mRNA high expression (P = 0.033 and P = 0.024) and advanced pathologic stage (P = 0.009 and P = 0.008) were the factors which independently predicted a worse tumor-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that assessment of survivin and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase mRNA expression may be useful for predicting survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy after surgical resection and can provide valuable information for deciding better therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
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Polyploidy: Mechanisms and Cancer Promotion in Hematopoietic and Other Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 676:105-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6199-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Grauer OM, Wesseling P, Adema GJ. Immunotherapy of diffuse gliomas: biological background, current status and future developments. Brain Pathol 2009; 19:674-93. [PMID: 19744040 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive multimodal treatment approaches, the prognosis for patients with diffuse gliomas remains disappointing. Glioma cells often extensively infiltrate in the surrounding brain parenchyma, a phenomenon that helps them to escape surgical removal, radiation exposure and chemotherapy. Moreover, conventional therapy is often associated with considerable local and systemic side effects. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic approaches is essential to improve the outcome of these patients. Immunotherapy offers the opportunity to specifically target residual radio-and chemoresistant tumor cells without damaging healthy neighboring brain tissue. Significant progress has been made in recent years both in understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as tumor-induced and host-mediated immunosuppression elicited by gliomas. In this review, after discussing the special requirements needed for the initiation and control of immune responses in the CNS, we focus on immunological phenomena observed in glioma patients, discuss different immunological approaches to attack glioma-associated target structures and touch on further strategies to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Grauer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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