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Won YD, Kim JM, Ryu JI, Koh SH, Han MH, Cheong JH. The Osteoporotic Condition as a Predictive Factor for Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Cardioembolic Stroke. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2021; 64:763-775. [PMID: 34428885 PMCID: PMC8435655 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) can be occurred after acute cerebral infarction. HT can worse symptoms in severe cases and adversely affect long-term prognosis. As bone and vascular smooth muscle are composed of type 1 collagen, we aimed to identify a potential relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and HT after acute cardioembolic stroke.
Methods As an indicator of BMD, we used mean frontal skull Hounsfield unit (HU) values on brain computed tomography (CT). Multivariative hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression analysis to identify whether the osteoporotic condition was an independent predictor of HT after acute cardioembolic stroke.
Results This 11-year analysis enrolled 506 patients who diagnosed as acute cardioembolic infarction. The first tertile of skull HU value was an independent predictor of HT development compared to the third tertile (hazard ratio, 2.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–3.98; p=0.020). We observed no interactions between age and skull HU with respect to HT statistically.
Conclusion The results of this study revealed an association between osteoporotic conditions and HT development after acute cardioembolic stroke. A convenient method to measure the cancellous bone HU value of the frontal skull using brain CT images may be useful for predicting HT in patients with acute cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deok Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Je-Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
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Won YD, Kim JM, Cheong JH, Ryu JI, Koh SH, Han MH. Effect of Possible Osteoporosis on Parenchymal-Type Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Cardioembolic Stroke. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112526. [PMID: 34200258 PMCID: PMC8201205 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a frequent complication of ischemic stroke, and parenchymal hematoma (PH)-type HT has been shown to correlate with symptomatic deterioration. Because both bone and vascular smooth muscle cells are composed of type 1 collagen, we hypothesized that the integrity of blood vessels around the infarction area might be more damaged in osteoporotic conditions after a cardioembolic stroke. Methods: we measured frontal skull Hounsfield unit (HU) values on brain CT images from cardioembolic stroke patients. We conducted a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in a large sample registry to identify the optimal HU threshold for predicting osteopenia and osteoporosis. Hazard ratios were estimated using a Cox regression analysis to identify whether osteoporotic conditions were an independent predictor of PH-type HT in patients with cardioembolic stroke. Results: altogether, 600 consecutive patients (>18 years old) with cardioembolic stroke were enrolled over a 12-year period at our hospital. The infarction volume and hypothetical osteoporosis were independent predictive factors for PH-type HT development in patients with cardioembolic stroke. In the male group, hypothetical osteoporosis was an independent predictor for PH-type HT development after cardioembolic stroke (hazard ratio, 4.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–12.10; p = 0.010). Conclusions: our study suggests an association between possible osteoporosis and the development of PH-type HT in patients with cardioembolic stroke. Our findings could help to predict PH-type HT by providing a convenient method for measuring the HU value using brain CT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Deok Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri 471-701, Gyonggi-do, Korea; (Y.-D.W.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-I.R.)
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri 471-701, Gyonggi-do, Korea; (Y.-D.W.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-I.R.)
| | - Jin-Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri 471-701, Gyonggi-do, Korea; (Y.-D.W.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-I.R.)
| | - Je-Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri 471-701, Gyonggi-do, Korea; (Y.-D.W.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-I.R.)
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri 471-701, Gyonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri 471-701, Gyonggi-do, Korea; (Y.-D.W.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-I.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-560-2326; Fax: +82-31-560-2327
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Won YD, Na MK, Ryu JI, Cheong JH, Kim JM, Kim CH, Han MH. Radiologic Factors Predicting Deterioration of Mental Status in Patients with Acute Traumatic Subdural Hematoma. World Neurosurg 2017; 111:e120-e134. [PMID: 29248778 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether subdural hematoma (SDH) volume and other radiologic factors predict deterioration of mental status in patients with acute traumatic SDH. METHODS SDH volumes were measured with a semiautomated tool. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine optimal cutoff values for mental deterioration, including the variables midline shift, SDH volume, hematoma thickness, and Sylvian fissure ratio. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio for mental deterioration based on several predictive factors. RESULTS We enrolled 103 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital with acute traumatic SDH over an 8-year period. We observed an increase in SDH volume of approximately 7.2 mL as SDH thickness increased by 1 mm. A steeper slope for midline shift was observed in patients with SDH volumes of approximately 75 mL in the younger age group compared with patients in the older age group. When comparing cutoff values used to predict poor mental status at time of admission between the 2 age groups, we observed smaller midline shifts in the older patients. CONCLUSIONS Among younger patients, an overall tendency for more rapid midline shift progression was observed in patients with relatively low SDH volumes compared with older patients. Older patients seem to tolerate larger hematoma volumes owing to brain atrophy compared with younger patients. When there is a midline shift, older patients seem to be more vulnerable to mental deterioration than younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deok Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Min Kyun Na
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Je-Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyonggi-do, Korea.
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Choi KS, Kim JM, Yi HJ, Lee SH, Lim T, Kim W, Cho Y, Cheong JH. Erratum to: Dose-related effect of statins in patients with endovascular coiling or microsurgical clipping for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: updated study-level meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 73:1083. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Momennejad I, Russek EM, Cheong JH, Botvinick MM, Daw ND, Gershman SJ. The successor representation in human reinforcement learning. Nat Hum Behav 2017; 1:680-692. [PMID: 31024137 PMCID: PMC6941356 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Theories of reward learning in neuroscience have focused on two families of algorithms thought to capture deliberative versus habitual choice. 'Model-based' algorithms compute the value of candidate actions from scratch, whereas 'model-free' algorithms make choice more efficient but less flexible by storing pre-computed action values. We examine an intermediate algorithmic family, the successor representation, which balances flexibility and efficiency by storing partially computed action values: predictions about future events. These pre-computation strategies differ in how they update their choices following changes in a task. The successor representation's reliance on stored predictions about future states predicts a unique signature of insensitivity to changes in the task's sequence of events, but flexible adjustment following changes to rewards. We provide evidence for such differential sensitivity in two behavioural studies with humans. These results suggest that the successor representation is a computational substrate for semi-flexible choice in humans, introducing a subtler, more cognitive notion of habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Momennejad
- Department of Psychology, Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - E M Russek
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J H Cheong
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - M M Botvinick
- DeepMind and Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - N D Daw
- Department of Psychology, Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - S J Gershman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Han MH, Ryu JI, Kim CH, Kim JM, Cheong JH, Bak KH, Chun HJ. Influence of systemic bone mineral density on atlantoaxial subluxation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1931-1938. [PMID: 28255666 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteopenia and osteoporosis were independent predictive factors for higher atlantoaxial subluxation occurrence in patients with lower body mass index. Our findings suggest that patients with rheumatoid arthritis with osteopenia or osteoporosis, particularly those with lower body mass index (BMI), should be screened regularly to determine the status of their cervical spines. INTRODUCTION Cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients may cause serious adverse effects on quality of life and overall health. This study aimed to evaluate the association between atlantodental interval (ADI), atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS), and systemic bone mineral density (BMD) based on BMI variations among established patients with RA. METHODS The ADI was transformed to the natural log scale to normalize distributions for all analyses. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to identify independent predictive factors for ADI based on each BMD classification. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were also performed to identify independent predictive factors for the risk of AAS, which were classified by tertile groups of BMI. RESULTS A total of 1220 patients with RA who had undergone at least one or more cervical radiography and BMD assessments were identified and enrolled. We found that the association between BMD and ADI (β, -0.029; 95% CI, -0.059 to 0.002; p = 0.070) fell short of achieving statistical significance. However, the ADI showed a 3.6% decrease per 1 BMI increase in the osteoporosis group (β, -0.036; 95% CI, -0.061 to -0.011; p = 0.004). The osteopenia and osteoporosis groups showed about a 1.5-fold and a 1.8-fold increased risk of AAS occurrence among the first tertile of the BMI group. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a possible association between lower BMD and AAS occurrence in patients with RA with lower BMI. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, 471-701, South Korea
| | - J I Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, 471-701, South Korea.
| | - C H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, 471-701, South Korea
| | - J M Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, 471-701, South Korea
| | - J H Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, 471-701, South Korea
| | - K H Bak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-792, South Korea
| | - H J Chun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-792, South Korea
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Bae IS, Kim CH, Kim JM, Cheong JH, Ryu JI, Han MH. Correlation of survivin and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression with pathological malignancy and anti-apoptotic properties of glial cell tumors. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:396-400. [PMID: 28413637 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, whose mechanism remains unclear, is regulated by multiple factors. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is a well-known anti-apoptotic mediator. Survivin is also a recently recognized novel family inhibitor of apoptosis protein, which inhibits apoptosis via a pathway distinct from Bcl-2 family members. Survivin and Bcl-2 are expressed in various types of human cancer. In the present study, survivin and Bcl-2 expression were characterized in glial cell tumors, and the correlation with pathological malignancy and anti-apoptotic properties were investigated. Fifty-eight patients who had undergone surgical resection for glial cell tumors were evaluated. The pathological types of glial cell tumors were categorized according to the World Health Organization classification. Survivin and Bcl-2 expression levels were investigated by western blot analysis, and apoptosis was detected by DNA fragmentation analysis. The anti-apoptotic rate of glial cell tumors was calculated in tumor samples according to the expression of survivin and Bcl-2 or co-expression. Survivin was characterized in 60.3%, and Bcl-2 was expressed in 43.1% of glioma samples. Co-expression of survivin and Bcl-2 was observed in 25.9% of the tumor specimens. Survivin expression in astrocytic tumors was identified to be significantly associated with the pathological grade (P<0.05); however, Bcl-2 was not (P>0.05). Anti-apoptotic rate of glial cell tumors were detected in 91.4, 92.0 and 100% of patients exhibiting survivin, Bcl-2 or co-expression, respectively. However, the difference in anti-apoptotic frequency between the three groups was not identified to be statistically significant (P>0.05). The present study suggests that survivin expression is correlated with pathological grades of gliomas. In addition, the expression of survivin or Bcl-2 exerts potent anti-apoptotic properties in gliomas. Thus, survivin or Bcl-2 may serve as potential targets for inducing the apoptosis of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Suk Bae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea
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Kim Y, Han MH, Kim CH, Kim JM, Cheong JH, Ryu JI. Increased Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage and its Association with Admission Glucose Levels and Leukocytosis. World Neurosurg 2017; 98:503-511. [PMID: 27890760 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Choong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Je-Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyonggi-do, Korea
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Park S, Lee JM, Kim JW, Cho DY, Yun HJ, Han DH, Cheong JH, Kim BN. Associations between serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation and clinical characteristics and cortical thickness in children with ADHD. Psychol Med 2015; 45:3009-3017. [PMID: 26017091 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171500094x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable psychiatric disorder. Additionally, environmental factors such as perinatal stress and early adversities contribute to the occurrence and severity of ADHD. Recently, DNA methylation has emerged as a mechanism that potentially mediates gene-environmental interaction effects in the aetiology and phenomenology of psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated whether serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation patterns were associated with clinical characteristics and regional cortical thickness in children with ADHD. METHOD In 102 children with ADHD (age 6-15 years), the methylation status of the SLC6A4 promoter was measured. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was obtained and ADHD symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS A higher methylation status of the SLC6A4 promoter was significantly associated with worse clinical presentations (more hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and more commission errors). Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between SLC6A4 methylation levels and cortical thickness values in the right occipito-temporal regions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the SLC6A4 methylation status may be associated with certain symptoms of ADHD, such as behavioural disinhibition, and related brain changes. Future studies that use a larger sample size and a control group are required to corroborate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J-M Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hanyang University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J-W Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University College of Medicine,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - D-Y Cho
- Lab Genomics Clinical Research Institute,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hanyang University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - D H Han
- Department of Psychiatry,College of Medicine,Chung Ang University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J H Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience,Sahmyook University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - B-N Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University College of Medicine,Seoul,Republic of Korea
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Park S, Lee JM, Kim JW, Cheong JH, Yun HJ, Hong YC, Kim Y, Han DH, Yoo HJ, Shin MS, Cho SC, Kim BN. Association between phthalates and externalizing behaviors and cortical thickness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Med 2015; 45:1601-1612. [PMID: 25388623 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714002694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have implicated the relationship between environmental phthalate exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms of childhood, but no studies have been conducted in children who have a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD obtained through meticulous diagnostic testing. We aimed to determine whether phthalate metabolites in urine would be higher in children with ADHD than in those without ADHD and would correlate with symptom severity and cortical thickness in ADHD children. METHOD A cross-sectional examination of urine phthalate metabolite concentrations was performed; scores for ADHD symptoms, externalizing problems, and continuous performance tests were obtained from 180 children with ADHD, and brain-imaging data were obtained from 115 participants. For the control group, children without ADHD (N = 438) were recruited. Correlations between phthalate metabolite concentrations and clinical measures and brain cortical thickness were investigated. RESULTS Concentrations of phthalate metabolites, particularly the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite, were significantly higher in boys with ADHD than in boys without ADHD. Concentrations of the di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) metabolite were significantly higher in the combined or hyperactive-impulsive subtypes compared to the inattentive subtype, and the metabolite was positively correlated with the severity of externalizing symptoms. Concentrations of the DEHP metabolite were negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the right middle and superior temporal gyri. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest an association between phthalate concentrations and both the diagnosis and symptom severity of ADHD. Imaging findings suggest a negative impact of phthalates on regional cortical maturation in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Seoul National Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J-M Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hanyang University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J-W Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - J H Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience,Sahmyook University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Hanyang University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - Y-C Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine,Seoul National University College of MedicineandInstitute of Environmental Medicine,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Seoul National Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - D H Han
- Department of Psychiatry,Chung Ang University,College of Medicine,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yoo
- College of Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Institute,Seoul National University,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - M-S Shin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - S-C Cho
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
| | - B-N Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Department of Psychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,Republic of Korea
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Paik SC, Kim CH, Cheong JH, Kim JM. A Ruptured Dermoid Cyst of the Cavernous Sinus Extending into the Posterior Fossa. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2015; 57:364-6. [PMID: 26113964 PMCID: PMC4479718 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2015.57.5.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Supratentorial dermoid cysts are uncommon to develop in the cavernous sinus. We present a ruptured dermoid cyst of the cavernous sinus extending into the posterior fossa. The patient was a 32-year-old female who complained occipital headache, blurred vision, and tinnitus over 4 years. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed an enhanced tumor in the right cavernous sinus extending into the right temporal base and the posterior fossa with findings of ruptured cyst. Surgical resection was performed, and pathological findings were confirmed to be a dermoid cyst. We report a second case with ruptured dermoid cyst of the cavernous sinus extending into the posterior fossa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chull Paik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang Uinversity Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang Uinversity Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang Uinversity Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang Uinversity Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
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Bae DH, Kim JM, Won YD, Choi KS, Cheong JH, Yi HJ, Kim CH. Clinical outcome of paraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysms after microsurgical neck clipping in comparison with endovascular embolization. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 2014; 16:225-34. [PMID: 25340024 PMCID: PMC4205248 DOI: 10.7461/jcen.2014.16.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because of the complex anatomical association among vascular, dural, and bony structures, paraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms remain a major challenge for vascular neurosurgeons. We studied the clinical outcomes of 61 paraclinoid ICA aneurysms after microsurgical clipping in comparison with endovascular coiling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2008 and December 2012, we treated 61 paraclinoid ICA aneurysms created by surgical clipping or endovascular coiling. Preoperative neurologic status and postoperative outcome were evaluated using the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Postoperative hydrocephalus and vasospasm were reviewed using the patients' medical charts. RESULTS Most patients were in good clinical condition before the operations and had good treatment outcomes. Clinical vasospasm was observed after the operation in five patients, and hydrocephalus occurred in six patients. No statistically significant difference regarding aneurysm size, sex, GCS score, H-H grade, and mRS was observed between the surgical clipping group and the endovascular coiling group. In addition, the treatment results and complications did not show statistically significant difference in either group. CONCLUSION Surgical occlusion of paraclinoid ICA aneurysms is difficult; however, no significant differences were observed in the treatment results or complications when compared with coil embolization. In particular, use of an adequate surgical technique may lead to better outcomes than those for coil embolization in the treatment of large and/or wide-neck paraclinoid ICA aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Bae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Yu-Deok Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University college of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Joong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University college of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
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Abstract
Based on the work of both Eysenck and Nideffer, we hypothesized that higher ranking players (HRP) would have lower competitive anxiety and more flexible attention-shifting, compared to lower ranking players (LRP). In addition, different patterns of attention (low anxiety and flexible attention) would be represented by a different pattern of brain activity within the temporal lobe and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In accordance with the rookie draft ranking, the players were classified into 2 groups: HRP (top 30% of those selected in the draft) vs. LRP (bottom 30% of those selected in the draft). For assessment of executive function, a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card-sorting Test (WCST) was used. Brain activity was assessed using 1.5-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging. In response to scenes depicting baseball errors, HRP showed increased activation in the left cingulate cortex and decreased activation in right middle temporal gyrus, compared to LRP. In response to the simplified WCST in the scanner, HRP showed increased activation in left superior frontal cortex (DLPFC), compared to LRP. The present results suggest that HRP may demonstrate elevated cingulate activation and lower temporal cortex activation in response to scenes depicting baseball errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Han
- Psychiatry, Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B N Kim
- Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Samyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K D Kang
- Sports Industrial Information, Chung Ang University, AnSung, Republic of Korea
| | - P F Renshaw
- Psychiatry and Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt lake, Utah, United States
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Cho I, An JY, Kwon IG, Choi YY, Cheong JH, Hyung WJ, Noh SH. Risk factors for double primary malignancies and their clinical implications in patients with sporadic gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2013; 40:338-44. [PMID: 24342136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We carried out a large scale study to identify the risk factors for double primary malignancy (DPM) development in gastric cancer patients and to evaluate the clinical implications for these patients. METHODS A total of 2593 patients who underwent gastrectomy for primary gastric cancer from January 2005 to November 2010 were reviewed with regard to DPM. We compared the clinicopathological characteristics, risk factors for developing DPM, and prognosis between the DPM+ group and the DPM- group. RESULTS Of the 2593 patients, 152 (5.9%) were diagnosed with DPM. The most common accompanying malignancies were colorectal, lung and thyroid. Multivariate analysis indicated that age (p = 0.016) and MSI status (p = 0.002) were associated with a higher frequency of DPM. 30.3% of patients were diagnosed with DPM within 1 year around perioperative period and 53.3% of patients had DPM detected during 5 years of post-operative follow up periods. Although there was no significant difference in overall survival between the DPM+ and DPM- group, DPM+ patients had a worse prognosis than DPM- patients in stage I gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS Gastric cancer patients over the age of 60 or with a MSI-high status had an increased risk for developing DPM. Further, in stage I gastric cancer, the presence of DPM was associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, careful pre- and postoperative surveillance is especially important in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cho
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y An
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - I G Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Y Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - W J Hyung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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Kim KM, An JY, Kim HI, Cheong JH, Hyung WJ, Noh SH. Major early complications following open, laparoscopic and robotic gastrectomy. Br J Surg 2012; 99:1681-7. [PMID: 23034831 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.8924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic and robotic gastrectomy have been adopted rapidly despite lack of evidence concerning technical safety and controversy regarding additional benefits. This study aimed to compare clinically relevant complications after open, laparoscopic and robotic gastrectomy. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on surgical complications in patients undergoing gastrectomy with curative intent for histologically proven adenocarcinoma between 2005 and 2010 at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, Korea. Complications were categorized into wound infection, bleeding, anastomotic leak, obstruction, fluid collection and other. RESULTS In a total of 5839 patients (4542 open, 861 laparoscopic and 436 robotic gastrectomies), overall complication, reoperation and mortality rates were 10·5, 1·0 and 0·4 per cent respectively. There were no significant differences between the three groups. Ileus (P = 0·001) and intra-abdominal fluid collections (P = 0·013) were commoner after conventional open surgery. However, tumour stage was higher and more complex resections were performed in the open group. Anastomotic leak, the leading cause of death, occurred more often after a minimally invasive approach (P = 0·017). CONCLUSION Laparoscopic and robotic gastrectomy had overall complication and mortality rates similar to those of open surgery, but anastomotic leaks were more common with the minimally invasive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Cho DI, Min C, Jung KS, Cheong SY, Zheng M, Cheong SJ, Oak MH, Cheong JH, Lee BK, Kim KM. The N-terminal region of the dopamine D2 receptor, a rhodopsin-like GPCR, regulates correct integration into the plasma membrane and endocytic routes. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:659-75. [PMID: 22117524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Functional roles of the N-terminal region of rhodopsin-like GPCR family remain unclear. Using dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors as a model system, we probed the roles of the N-terminal region in the signalling, intracellular trafficking of receptor proteins, and explored the critical factors that determine the functionality of the N-terminal region. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The N-terminal region of the D(2) receptor was gradually shortened or switched with that of the D(3) receptor or a non-specific sequence (FLAG), or potential N-terminal glycosylation sites were mutated. Effects of these manipulations on surface expression, internalization, post-endocytic behaviours and signalling were determined. KEY RESULTS Shortening the N-terminal region of the D(2) receptor enhanced receptor internalization and impaired surface expression and signalling; ligand binding, desensitization and down-regulation were not affected but their association with a particular microdomain, caveolae, was disrupted. Replacement of critical residues within the N-terminal region with the FLAG epitope failed to restore surface expression but partially restored the altered internalization and signalling. When the N-terminal regions were switched between D(2) and D(3) receptors, cell surface expression pattern of each receptor was switched. Mutations of potential N-terminal glycosylation sites inhibited surface expression but enhanced internalization of D(2) receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Shortening of N-terminus or mutation of glycosylation sites located within the N-terminus enhanced receptor internalization but impaired the surface expression of D(2) receptors. The N-terminal region of the D(2) receptor, in a sequence-specific manner, controls the receptor's conformation and integration into the plasma membrane, which determine its subcellular localization, intracellular trafficking and signalling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju, 500-757 Korea
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Hwang SG, Kim KM, Cheong JH, Kim HI, An JY, Hyung WJ, Noh SH. Impact of pretreatment thrombocytosis on blood-borne metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012; 38:562-7. [PMID: 22592098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytosis has been associated with malignancies and poor prognostic implications in cancer patients. In the present study the prognostic significance of pretreatment platelet (PLT) level was assessed with regard to recurrence and survival in patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS The authors reviewed the prospective data of 1593 gastric cancer patients who received curative gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. The correlations of PLT level with recurrence and overall survival were evaluated by both univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Thrombocytosis (≥ 40 × 10(4)/ μL), present in 6.4% of the patients prior to curative surgery, was more frequently associated with advanced T and N classification, larger tumor size, anemia, and leukocytosis (p < 0.05). In patients with pretreatment thrombocytosis compared to those without it, five-year survival rate was worse (56.9% vs. 65.5%; p = 0.043), and recurrence rate was higher mainly due to the frequent hematogenous spread (51.0% vs. 34.5%; p < 0.001). Furthermore, risk of blood-borne metastasis was almost three-fold higher in patients with pretreatment thrombocytosis (Odds ratio 2.83 [95% CI 1.67-4.77], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment thrombocytosis correlated significantly with poor prognosis and can be used as an independent predictor of recurrence by blood-borne metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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Seuk JW, Kim CH, Yang MS, Cheong JH, Kim JM. Visual outcome after transsphenoidal surgery in patients with pituitary apoplexy. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2011; 49:339-44. [PMID: 21887391 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2011.49.6.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pituitary apoplexy is one of the most serious life-threatening complications of pituitary adenoma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the visual outcome after early transsphenoidal surgery for the patients with pituitary apoplexy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the 31 patients with pituitary apoplexy who were admitted due to acute visual acuity or field impairment and treated by transsphenoidal surgery. Five patients were excluded because of the decreased conscious level. The visual acuity of each individual eye was evaluated by Snellen's chart. Visual fields were also checked using automated perimetry. To compare the visual outcome according to the surgical timing, we divided the patients into 2 groups. The first group, 21 of the patients have been undertaken transsphenoidal approach (TSA) within at least 48 hours after admission. The second group included 8 patients who have been undertaken TSA beyond 48 hours. All patients were monitored at least 12 months after surgery. RESULTS Patients were 21 males and 8 females (M : F=2.6 : 1) with the mean age of 42.4 years. Among the enrolled 29 patients, 26 patients presented with decreased visual acuity and 23 patients revealed the defective visual field respectively. Postoperatively, improvement in the visual acuity was seen in 15 patients (83.3%) who underwent surgery within the first 48 hours of presentation, as compared to those in whom surgery was delayed beyond 48 hours (n=5; 62.5%) (p=0.014). Improvement in the visual field deficits was observed in 15 (88.2%) of patients who had been operated on within the first 48 hours of presentation, as compared to those in whom surgery was delayed beyond 48 hours (n=3; 50.0%) (p=0.037). CONCLUSION This study suggests that rapid transsphenoidal surgery is effective to recover the visual impairment in patients with pituitary apoplexy. If there are associated abnormalities of visual acuity or visual fields in patients with hemorrhagic pituitary apoplexy, early neurosurgical intervention within 48 hours should be also required to recover visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Wan Seuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
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Cheong JH, Kim CH, Kim JM, Oh YH. Transformation of intracranial anaplastic astrocytoma associated with neurofibromatosis type I into gliosarcoma: case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010; 112:701-6. [PMID: 20466481 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gliosarcoma is an uncommon malignant brain tumor composed of distinct sarcomatous and malignant glial cell elements. These tumors are defined as a variant of glioblastoma, and it can be developed by progression of the malignant glial cell tumors or primary tumors. We report a rare case with gliosarcomatous recurrence of anaplastic astrocytoma with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) followed by chemoradiation therapy. A 26-year-old male patient was presented with headache. Five years before admission, he had been diagnosed with NF-1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well-demarcated, enhanced lesion in the right frontal lobe and multiple enhanced lesions in the scalp, lower cervical, thoracic, and upper lumbar regions. He underwent an osteoplastic craniotomy with total tumor resection. Histopathology of the tumor showed findings corresponding with anaplastic astrocytoma. He was followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy postoperatively. A month later, his spinal lesion was also resected and confirmed pathologically as plexiform neurofibroma. The subsequent follow-up period of 27 months was uneventful until he developed a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. MRI showed tumor recurrence in the original site of the tumor. Re-exploration was carried out. Pathological examination displayed a biphasic pattern of the glial and sarcomatous components suggesting gliosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hyung WJ, Song C, Cheong JH, Choi SH, Noh SH. Factors influencing operation time of laparoscopy-assisted distal subtotal gastrectomy: Analysis of consecutive 100 initial cases. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007; 33:314-9. [PMID: 17174511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS There is little information on patient selection criteria for laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) that would facilitate a successful initial experience for a surgeon new to the procedure. This study aimed to establish patient selection criteria that will allow increased proficiency and shorter operation times for the LADG procedure. METHOD One hundred LADG with lymphadenectomy and no other combined procedures were consecutively performed by one surgeon. These 100 consecutive LADG procedures were analyzed retrospectively from a prospectively designed computer database. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors influencing operation time. RESULTS According to univariate analysis, operation time was influenced by sex, BMI, surgical experience, and tumor location, whereas multivariate analysis indicated that operation time was significantly influenced only by BMI and surgical experience. The same analyses of only the first 50 cases showed that sex, BMI, surgical experience, and tumor location were independently associated with operation time. As BMI increased, so did operation time, whereas operation time decreased with increasing surgical experience. CONCLUSION This study suggests that surgeons who have limited experience with this advanced procedure may shorten operation time by considering patient and tumor characteristics in their early attempts at LADG. With a shortened operation time, surgeon with limited experience may become proficient to LADG rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Hyung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong Seodaemun-ku, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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Park MW, Kim CH, Cheong JH, Bak KH, Kim JM, Oh SJ. Occludin expression in brain tumors and its relevance to peritumoral edema and survival. Cancer Res Treat 2006; 38:139-43. [PMID: 19771274 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2006.38.3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) is a serious causative factor that contributes the morbidity or mortality of brain tumors. The development of PTBE is influenced by many factors, including such tight junction proteins as occludin. We evaluated the PTBE volume and survival time with respect to the occludin expression in various pathological types of brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh-frozen specimens from sixty patients who had brain tumors were obtained during surgery and the tumors were confirmed pathologically. The occludin expression was investigated by Western blot analysis. The PTBE volume was measured by using preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the survival time in each patient was estimated retrospectively. RESULTS Occludin was detected in 41 (68.3%) of the cases with brain tumors and it was not expressed in the other 19 (31.7%) cases. Although the lowest expression was revealed in high-grade gliomas, its expression was variable according to the pathology of the brain tumors (p>0.05). The difference of PTBE volume between occludin-positive and negative brain tumors was statistically significant (2072.46+/-328.73 mm(3) vs. 7452.42+/-1504.19 mm(3), respectively, p=0.002). The mean survival time was longer in the occludin-positive tumor group than in the occludin-negative group (38.63+/-1.57 months vs. 26.16+/-3.83 months, respectively; p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the occludin expression is highly correlated to the development of PTBE in brain tumors and it might be a prognostic indicator for patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hyung WJ, Lim JS, Cheong JH, Kim J, Choi SH, Song SY, Noh SH. Intraoperative tumor localization using laparoscopic ultrasonography in laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy. Surg Endosc 2005; 19:1353-7. [PMID: 16021369 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-004-8196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy, it is impossible to identify early gastric cancer (EGC) lesions; therefore, a precise localization technique is needed. In this study, we used laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) after endoscopic clipping as a method of localizing EGC and evaluated the effectiveness of this method. METHODS A prospective study of 17 patients who had undergone laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy was performed. Three endoscopic clips were applied just proximal to the tumor during the preoperative endoscopy. The applied clips were detected from the serosal side of the stomach using LUS. The serosal surface of the lesion was marked with dye. RESULTS In all patients, endoscopic clips were applied proximal to the lesion without complications, and the applied clips were confirmed by plain abdominal radiography. The clips were successfully detected by LUS in all patients. In the resected specimen, the serosal surface, marked with dye, was always just above the clips in the anterior wall or on the anterior wall opposite the clips applied in the posterior wall. The mean detection time was 4.7 min (range, 2-8). With this procedure, two patients underwent total gastrectomy and 15 patients underwent distal subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy or gastrojejunostomy. Histological examination confirmed that the resection margins were tumor free in all patients. There was no operative morbidity related to the LUS procedure. CONCLUSIONS Using LUS to detect endoscopic clips is an easy, safe, and accurate method to localize EGC lesions in laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Hyung
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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Kim CH, Cheong JH, Bak KH, Kim JM, Oh SJ. Expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and clinicopathological features in intracranial meningiomas. J Clin Neurosci 2001; 8 Suppl 1:44-8. [PMID: 11386825 DOI: 10.1054/jocn.2001.0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PC10, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is known to show immunoreactivity in paraffin-embedded specimens. The authors present the relation between PCNA expression and clinicopathological features in 38 intracranial meningiomas. PCNA scores were obtained by immunohistochemical staining of the paraffin-embedded sections using a streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method with PC10 mAb. Univariate analysis showed that high PC10 scores were associated with old age (> or = 50 years old), male, recurrent tumours, and meningothelial type. However, these high scores did not reach a statistical significance (P> 0.05). PC10 scores of the basal meningioma tended to be higher than that of the hemispheric meningioma (P< 0.05). The staining intensity of PCNA was also markedly increased in basal meningiomas. It is suggested that the proliferative potential is higher in basal meningiomas than in hemispheric meningiomas. Moreover, these results could reflect high recurrence and difficulty in management of the skull base meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Branchio-oto-dysplasia is characterized by abnormalities of embryonic branchial arch system and deafness inherited as autosomal dominant with variable gene expression. We present a rare case of multiple intracranial aneurysms associated with branchio-oto-dysplasia. A 40-yr-old man with severe headache presented as spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage on brain computed tomographic scan. The patient also manifested clinical features of branchio-oto-dysplasia and right hemifacial hypoplasia. Carotid angiogram confirmed an aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery. Intraoperative findings demonstrated multiple aneurysms in the anterior communicating artery and in the left posterior communicating artery, which were clipped successfully. Postoperative course was uneventful. This condition has not been reported previously. We also reviewed literatures to discuss whether the intracranial aneurysm was as a coincidental finding or a part of this malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Kuri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Kuri, Korea
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Lee JW, Cheong JH, Lee YC, Na SY, Lee SK. Dissecting the molecular mechanism of nuclear receptor action: transcription coactivators and corepressors. Exp Mol Med 2000; 32:53-60. [PMID: 10926115 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2000.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J W Lee
- Center for Ligand and Transcription, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea.
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Seo DO, Shin CY, Ryu JR, Cheong JH, Choi CR, Dailey JW, Reith ME, Jobe PC, Ko KH. Effect of norepinephrine release on adrenoceptors in severe seizure genetically epilepsy-prone rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 396:53-8. [PMID: 10822056 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The genetically epilepsy-prone rat (GEPR) seizure model is characterized by extensive abnormalities in brain noradrenergic function. Earlier studies had suggested that GEPRs might not regulate adrenoceptors in a normal fashion. The purpose of the present study was to determine if GEPR-9s are capable of up and down regulation of alpha(1)- and beta-adrenoceptors in response to increments or decrements in extracellular norepinephrine. Seizure induction has been shown to increase extracellular norepinephrine. Chronic sound or electroshock-induced seizures caused down regulation of beta-adrenoceptors in frontal cortex and in hippocampus from GEPR-9s. Similarly, chronic daily treatment with the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor desmethylimipramine produced down regulation of beta-adrenoceptors in frontal cortex and in hippocampus from GEPR-9s. As is the case in neurologically normal animals, chronic electroshock-induced seizure did not cause down regulation of beta-adrenoceptors in 6-hydroxydopamine pretreated GEPR-9s. Chronic electroshock treatment also caused up-regulation of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in frontal cortex but not in hippocampus. In 6-hydroxydopamine pretreated GEPR-9s, chronic electroshock treatment caused a further up-regulation of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in frontal cortex but not in hippocampus. Taken together, these results indicate that GEPR-9s are capable of up and down regulation of alpha(1)- and beta-adrenoceptors in a manner that is qualitatively similar to the regulation of these receptors in normal animals. Whether the regulation of brain adrenoceptors is quantitatively different in GEPRs from normal animals remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinlim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, 151-742, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Lee SK, Anzick SL, Choi JE, Bubendorf L, Guan XY, Jung YK, Kallioniemi OP, Kononen J, Trent JM, Azorsa D, Jhun BH, Cheong JH, Lee YC, Meltzer PS, Lee JW. A nuclear factor, ASC-2, as a cancer-amplified transcriptional coactivator essential for ligand-dependent transactivation by nuclear receptors in vivo. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:34283-93. [PMID: 10567404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.48.34283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many transcription coactivators interact with nuclear receptors in a ligand- and C-terminal transactivation function (AF2)-dependent manner. We isolated a nuclear factor (designated ASC-2) with such properties by using the ligand-binding domain of retinoid X receptor as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening. ASC-2 also interacted with other nuclear receptors, including retinoic acid receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, and glucocorticoid receptor, basal factors TFIIA and TBP, and transcription integrators CBP/p300 and SRC-1. In transient cotransfections, ASC-2, either alone or in conjunction with CBP/p300 and SRC-1, stimulated ligand-dependent transactivation by wild type nuclear receptors but not mutant receptors lacking the AF2 domain. Consistent with an idea that ASC-2 is essential for the nuclear receptor function in vivo, microinjection of anti-ASC-2 antibody abrogated the ligand-dependent transactivation of retinoic acid receptor, and this repression was fully relieved by coinjection of ASC-2-expression vector. Surprisingly, ASC-2 was identical to a gene previously identified during a search for genes amplified and overexpressed in breast and other human cancers. From these results, we concluded that ASC-2 is a bona fide transcription coactivator molecule of nuclear receptors, and its altered expression may contribute to the development of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- Center for Ligand and Transcription, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Korea
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Abstract
Axillary breast is one of the varieties of polymastia which is characterized by the presence of more than 2 breasts. It may cause symptoms during pregnancy, lactation, or in the premenopausal period. Unless there are obvious symptoms of lactation or the assistance of further imaging studies such as mammography and breast ultrasound, the diagnosis is often confused with subcutaneous lipoma. The incidence of axillary breast cancer is low but it should be investigated and treated properly in view of another breast cancer in the embryonic milk-line. In this paper we reviewed 4 cases of axillary breast cancer and documented some articles regarding aberrant breast and carcinoma arising from it. It is suggested that subcutaneous nodules of uncertain origin around the periphery of the breast should be viewed with suspicion and treated properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Cheong JH, Seo DO, Ryu JR, Shin CY, Kim YT, Kim HC, Kim WK, Ko KH. Lead induced thiamine deficiency in the brain decreased the threshold of electroshock seizure in rat. Toxicology 1999; 133:105-13. [PMID: 10378477 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many neurological disorders that occur frequently in lead intoxicated animals, have also been observed in thiamine deficient animals. To test whether lead intoxication could decrease the thiamine status and thresholds of electroshock seizure in rats, 3-week-old Wistar rats were treated with lead or lead plus thiamine. For comparison, a thiamine deficient group was included. Thiamine contents and transketolase activity, one of the thiamine dependent enzymes in the brain regions were significantly lowered by lead intoxication and thiamine deficiency. In both cases, thresholds of the electroshock seizure were significantly decreased. Thiamine supplementation reversed these signs and decreased the brain lead concentration in the lead treated group. The results from the present study suggest that the increased seizure susceptibility induced by lead intoxication in rats may be mediated at least in part through the changes of thiamine status.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cheong
- College of Pharmacy, Samyook University, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Yoon DS, Cheong JH, Park YN, Kwon SW, Chi HS, Kim BR. Cell proliferation index and the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 in tumorous and non-tumorous lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer. Yonsei Med J 1998; 39:424-9. [PMID: 9821791 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1998.39.5.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of a cancer, unlimited cell proliferation has been believed to play an important role. In addition, a programmed cell death called apoptosis, which is regulated by several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, has been suggested to be another important different pathway of carcinogenesis. Recently, several reports on cell proliferation capacity and apoptosis in the development of human liver disease have been published, but the cell proliferation index and its relationship between the expression of the bcl-2 and p53 genes involving apoptosis has not yet been discussed in view of the clinical differences of primary and metastatic liver cancer. In this study, we investigated the cell proliferation index and expression of p53 and bcl-2 in the tumorous and non-tumorous portions of both hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer. The expression of p53 was observed in both hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer, but bcl-2 expression was observed neither in hepatocellular carcinoma nor in metastatic liver cancer. In hepatocellular carcinoma, the p53 positive group showed a higher Ki-67 score (cell proliferation index) and more tumor numbers than the p53 negative group (p < 0.05). In metastatic liver cancer, the results were the same as in hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.05). However, we could not correlate the p53 expression and its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Shin CY, Kang SJ, Song MR, Park KH, Seo DO, Cheong JH, Ko KH. Cross-species reactivity of a monoclonal antibody against glutathione S-transferase fusion protein of human beta 2-adrenergic receptor. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1998; 45:215-25. [PMID: 9678242 DOI: 10.1080/15216549800202582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to produce and characterize a monoclonal antibody against human beta 2-adrenergic receptor. Male BALB/c mice were immunized with glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein of the C-terminal portion of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor which was expressed in E.Coli. The immunized splenocytes were fused with myeloma SP2/0-Ag14 cells and the resulting monoclonal antibody was named as mAb beta C02. The monoclonal antibody beta C02 was determined as IgM subtype and then purified by anti-mouse IgM-agarose affinity chromatography. The results of ELISA, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry showed that mAb beta C02 recognized human beta 2-adrenergic receptor in the beta 2-adrenergic receptor-GST fusion protein and human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 with highly specific immunoreactivity. In addition, mAb beta C02 showed cross-species reactivity against beta-adrenergic receptor of hamster lung and rat brain as revealed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The monoclonal antibody beta C02 may provide useful tools for the study of the beta-adrenergic receptor of human and other species including rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea
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32
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Dailey JW, Cheong JH, Ko KH, Adams-Curtis LE, Jobe PC. Anticonvulsant properties of D-20443 in genetically epilepsy-prone rats: prediction of clinical response. Neurosci Lett 1995; 195:77-80. [PMID: 7478272 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11783-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
D-20443 is an experimental antiepileptic drug. Its mechanism of antiepileptic action is unknown. We evaluated the anticonvulsant effectiveness of D-20443 against sound-induced seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPRs). This compound produced anticonvulsant effects against sound-induced seizures in moderate seizure GEPRs (GEPR-3s) at significantly lower doses than in severe seizure GEPRs (GEPR-9s). Based on these data and on the responses of GEPRs to other antiepileptic drugs, we predict that D-20443 will be a broad spectrum antiepileptic agent in humans. That is, we predict that D-20443 will suppress both tonic/clonic and absence seizures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Dailey
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria 61656, USA
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Cheong JH, Yi M, Lin Y, Murakami S. Human RPB5, a subunit shared by eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases, binds human hepatitis B virus X protein and may play a role in X transactivation. EMBO J 1995; 14:143-50. [PMID: 7828586 PMCID: PMC398061 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The X gene of human hepatitis B virus encodes the polypeptide HBx which transactivates viral and host genes through a variety of cis-acting enhancer elements present in RNA polymerases I, II and III promoters. To better understand the mechanism of X transactivation, we cloned cDNAs of proteins that bind HBx. Here we demonstrate that one of these cDNAs is a full-length cDNA of human RPB5, a subunit shared by RNA polymerases. The HBx transactivation domain and the central region of human RPB5 were necessary for the specific binding of the two proteins as shown by: (i) in vitro assays using deletion mutants of fusion proteins; (ii) in vivo assays which detect associated proteins by co-immunoprecipitation of the non-fused proteins from transfected HepG2 cells. Over-expressed HBx seemed to associate with assembled forms of endogenous human RPB5 in HBx-transfected cells, since the endogenous RPB5 co-immunoprecipitated with HBx. The HBx binding region of human RPB5 by itself stimulated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activities from several different reporters having X-responsive element(s). Our results support the idea that the interaction of HBx and human RPB5 can facilitate HBx transactivation and that human RPB5 has a domain which can communicate with transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Yan QS, Jobe PC, Cheong JH, Ko KH, Dailey JW. Role of serotonin in the anticonvulsant effect of fluoxetine in genetically epilepsy-prone rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1994; 350:149-52. [PMID: 7527501 DOI: 10.1007/bf00241089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to demonstrate a role of serotonin in the anticonvulsant effect of fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in genetically epilepsy-prone rats. When varied doses of 5-hydroxytryptophan (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg) were administered i.p. along with a fixed dose of fluoxetine (15 mg/kg) to severe seizure genetically epilepsy-prone rats, the severity of audiogenic seizures was decreased dose-dependently, and the combination treatment also produced a marked potentiation of the anticonvulsant effect when compared with administration of either drug alone. Pretreatment of severe seizure genetically epilepsy-prone rats with p-chlorophenylalanine depleted brain serotonin and reduced the anticonvulsant effectiveness of fluoxetine. By using intracerebral microdialysis, the depletion of serotonin after p-chlorophenylalanine treatment was confirmed by measuring thalamic extracellular serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations during basal release and in response to a challenge dose of fluoxetine. We concluded that serotonergic transmission may be involved in the anticonvulsant effect of fluoxetine in severe seizure genetically epilepsy-prone rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q S Yan
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria 61656
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35
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Murakami S, Cheong JH, Kaneko S. Human hepatitis virus X gene encodes a regulatory domain that represses transactivation of X protein. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:15118-23. [PMID: 8195148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene seems to be essential for establishment of viral infection, and the X gene product, HBx, transactivates virus and host genes through a wide variety of cis-elements, whereas regulation of HBx has not been fully understood. We found that transactivation-negative HBx mutants truncated at the C-terminal portion specifically repressed the HBx transactivation in trans. The ability to trans-repress the HBx transactivation is confined to the N-terminal third of HBx. Transactivation-positive constructs of HBx were divided into two groups by their sensitivity to trans-repression due to the presence of the N-terminal third. Thus the regulatory domain, the N-terminal third, is separated from the transacting domain and responsible for the negative regulations, the trans-repression and sensitivity to X trans-repression. A possible direct association between the HBx regulatory domains was tested by far-Western blotting using purified fused forms of HBx proteins. The regulatory domain was found to associate preferentially with the full HBx or the regulatory domain, but not with the transacting domain. Taken together, it is possible that HBx has a self-regulatory mechanism that avoids excessive HBx transactivation and is important for regulation of X gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Murakami
- Department of Biophysics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa, Japan
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Chin K, Ryu JH, Cheong JH, Ko KH, Kuroiwa Y. Selective effect of chronic lead ingestion on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in brain regions of rats. J Toxicol Sci 1993; 17:197-210. [PMID: 1361952 DOI: 10.2131/jts.17.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in various regions of brain from rats postnatally exposed to lead were tested. Three groups of animals were prepared; (1) Rats exposed to lead at a low dose (0.05% lead acetate, PbAc); (2) Rats exposed to lead at a high dose (0.2% PbAc); (3) Age-matched normal control rats. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age, weight of brain and body, and concentrations of lead in whole brain of animals in each group were measured. Activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and Na(+)-K+ ATPase were also measured at the same ages in 4 brain regions of each animal. Body weight gain was decreased after 6 weeks of age in rats exposed to lead at a high dose. Concentrations of lead in whole brain were increased from 0.37 to 0.83 (ng/mg wet tissue) in these animals. Exposure of rats to lead generally increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity and decreased Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity. However, changes of tyrosine hydroxylase activity were detected without concomitant changes of Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity in pons-medulla at 2 weeks of age and telencephalon at 6 weeks of age in rats exposed to lead at a low dose, and in midbrain at 4 and 6 weeks of age in rats exposed to lead at a high dose. These data imply that catecholaminergic nervous system in the brain regions described above could be selectively affected by lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chin
- National Institute of Safety Research, Seoul National University, Korea
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37
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Chin K, Song SK, Cheong JH, Ko KH, Kuroiwa Y. Selective effect of chronic lead ingestion. III: Effect on dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in brain regions of rats. J Toxicol Sci 1993; 18:21-9. [PMID: 8386259 DOI: 10.2131/jts.18.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Selectivity of lead effect on dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in regions of brai nfrom rats postnatally exposed to lead was tested. Three groups of animals were prepared; (1) Rats exposed to lead at a low dose (0.05% PbAcetate: PbAc); (2) Rats exposed to lead at a high dose (0.2% PbAc); (3) Age-matched normal control rats. At 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age weight of whole brain and body in each group were measured. At the same ages activities of dopamine beta-hydroxylase and Na+K(+)-ATPase were measured in 5 brain regions of each animal. Exposure of rats to lead generally decreased Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity and showed alternative changes of dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity were detected without concomitant changes of Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity were telencephalon and pons/medulla at 2 weeks of age and telencephalon, diencephalon and pons/medulla at 4 weeks of age and midbrain and pons/medulla at 6 weeks of age and cerebellum at 8 weeks of age in rats exposed to lead at a low dose, and those in rats exposed to lead at a high dose were midbrain at 6 weeks of age and cerebellum at 8 weeks of age. These data imply that noradrenergic nervous system in the brain regions described above could selectively be affected by lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chin
- National Institute of Safety Research, Seoul, Korea
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