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Coyne M, Dellafaille J, Riede T. Postnatal changes in thyroid cartilage shape and cartilage matrix composition are not synchronized in Mus musculus. J Anat 2024; 244:739-748. [PMID: 38303104 PMCID: PMC11021632 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to quantify laryngeal cartilage matrix composition and to investigate its relationship with cartilage shape in a mouse model. A sample of 30 mice (CD-1 mouse, Mus musculus) from five age groups (postnatal Days 2, 21, 90, 365, and 720) were used. Three-dimensional mouse laryngeal thyroid cartilage reconstructions were generated from contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CT) image stacks. Cartilage matrix composition was estimated as Hounsfield units (HU). HU were determined by overlaying 3D reconstructions as masks on micro-CT image stacks and then measuring the attenuation. Cartilage shape was quantified with landmarks placed on the surface of the thyroid cartilage. Shape differences between the five age groups were analyzed using geometric morphometrics and multiparametric analysis of landmarks. The relationship between HU and shape was investigated with correlational analyses. Among five age groups, HU became higher in older animals. The shape of the thyroid cartilage changes with age throughout the entire life of a mouse. The changes in shape were not synchronized with changes in cartilage matrix composition. The thyroid cartilage of young and old M. musculus larynx showed a homogenous mineralization pattern. High-resolution contrast-enhanced micro-CT imaging makes the mouse larynx accessible for analysis of genetic and environmental factors affecting shape and matrix composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Coyne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Tobias Riede
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
- College of Graduate Studies, Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
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Al-Zubi M, Al-Shami K, Sawalha L, Alguzo HM, Al Demour S, Al-Mnayyis AM, Alazab R, Al-Rawashdah SF, Alzoubi LT, Al-khawaldeh SR. Can We Predict the Grade of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma from Houns-Field Unit of Renal Lesion on Computerized Tomography Scan, a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1571-1577. [PMID: 38680191 PMCID: PMC11055518 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s452754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a type of urological malignancy that affects approximately 2% of the global population. Imaging modalities, especially computed tomography (CT) scanning, play a critical role in diagnosing RCC. In this study, we investigated whether there is a relationship between tumour grade of clear cell RCC and HU values of renal lesions on CT scan performed before operation. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 123 patients who underwent radical or partial (open or laparoscopic) nephrectomy for clear cell RCC between January 2017 and January 2021. Post-operation histopathological grades were recorded according to World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2016 grading system and divided into low grade (includes grade 1 and 2) and high grade (grade 3 and 4), and their links to age, sex, smoking habits, tumour size, and HUs of renal lesions were evaluated. Results The mean age of the patients studied was 63.02 years old. About 56.9% of the patients were low grade (grade 1 or grade 2), while 43.1% were high grade (grade 3 or 4). The mean tumour size was 6.31 cm. There were no significant differences in tumour grade according to age, sex, or smoking habits. We found a significant relation between tumour grade and HU in the pre-contrast and nephrogenic phases, with p values of 0.001 and 0.037, respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant relation linking the tumour grade to the difference in HU between these phases, where there was a p value of 0.641. Conclusion HU in the pre-contrast and nephrogenic phases in addition to tumour size on CT scan have a significant relation to clear cell RCC grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Zubi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Yarmouk University MEdical SChool, Irbid, 21110, Jodan
| | - Khayry Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University Medical school, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Leen Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Heyam Mahmoud Alguzo
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University Medical school, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saddam Al Demour
- Department of Special Surgery, Division of Urology, the University of Jordan medical School, Amman, 11972, Jordan
| | | | - Rami Alazab
- Department of Surgery & Urology, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, 21110, Jordan
| | - Samer Fathi Al-Rawashdah
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, Mutah University medical School, Karak, 61710, Jordan
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Nishida H, Nakamura R, Tamaki R, Abe K. Inconsistent False Lumen Enhancement Predicts Late Aortic Events After Hemiarch Replacement in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection. Am J Cardiol 2024:S0002-9149(24)00272-8. [PMID: 38636625 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The impact of inconsistent enhancement within the patent false lumen on the occurrence of late aortic events remains uncertain. We enrolled 55patients who exhibited a patent false lumen after hemiarch replacement. The Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements in the patent false lumen were obtained at 2 specific locations: the aortic arch (a) and the descending aorta (b). The false lumen HU score was calculated as the absolute value of 1 - a/b, representing the discrepancy in HUs within the patent false lumen. We investigated the cut-off value of the false lumen HU score with the receiver operating characteristics curve to predict the incidence of late aortic events. We divided the patients based on the cut-off value and compared the cumulative incidence of the late aortic events. The analysis of the receiver operating characteristics curve showed that the cut-off value of the false lumen HU score was 0.345. Based on this cut-off value, we divided them into 2 groups: Group A (score <0.345, n = 26) and Group B (score ≥0.345, n = 29). The baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. The cumulative incidence of the late aortic events was significantly lower in Group A (7.8% at 5 years) than in Group B (39.9% at 5 years) (p = 0.02). The false lumen HU score might be useful to predict the incidence of late aortic events after hemiarch replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Nishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rihito Tamaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Ueda CE, Flausino Dias L, de Godoi Carneiro C, Sapienza MT, Alberto Buchpiguel C, Schiavom Duarte P. Correlation of 18F-sodium fluoride uptake and radiodensity in extraosseous metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2024; 68:e230152. [PMID: 38602746 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective Although 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) uptake is frequently observed in extraosseous metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with calcification, itcan also occur in metastatic sites without visible calcium deposition, leading to the hypothesis that visually undetectable calcium accumulation may be responsible for this uptake. The aim of this study was to indirectly support this hypothesis by analyzing the correlation between the degree of 18F-NaF uptake and radiodensity in extraosseous MTC metastases, since calcium deposition can increase attenuation even when not visually detectable. Subjects and methods Extraosseous metastatic lesions of 15 patients with MTC were evaluated using 18F-NaF positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)and segmented by levels of standardized uptake value (SUV). The correlation between mean SUV and mean Hounsfield unit (HU) values was assessed for the entire group of segments and for two subgroups with different mean HU values. Results Very high correlations were observed between mean SUV and mean HU values for both the entire group of segments and the subgroup with a mean HU value greater than 130 (p = 0.92 and p = 0.95, respectively; p < 0.01). High correlation (p = 0.71) was also observed in the subgroup with mean HU values ranging from 20 to 130 (p < 0.01). Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that there is an association between 18F-NaF uptake and calcium deposition in extraosseous metastasesof MTC, supporting the hypothesis that visually undetectable calcium accumulation may be responsible for 18F-NaF uptake in regions without visible calcium deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Emiko Ueda
- Divisão de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo(Icesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Laís Flausino Dias
- Divisão de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo(Icesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila de Godoi Carneiro
- Divisão de Medicina Nuclear, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Divisão de Medicina Nuclear, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Divisão de Medicina Nuclear, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Schiavom Duarte
- Divisão de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo(Icesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
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Nagata K, Gum JL, Brown M, Daniels C, Hines B, Carreon LY, Glassman SD. Risk Factors for Medial Breach During Robotic-Assisted Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Insertion. World Neurosurg 2024; 184:e546-e553. [PMID: 38320649 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe the incidence of, and identify the risk factors for, a medial breach of the pedicle wall during robotic-assisted cortical bone trajectory (RA-CBT) screw insertion. METHODS We analyzed a consecutive series of adult patients who underwent RA-CBT screw placement from January 2019 to July 2022. To assess the pedicle wall medial breach, postoperative computed tomography (CT) images were analyzed. Patient demographic data and screw data were compared between patients with and without a medial breach. The Hounsfield units (HUs) on the L1 midvertebral axial CT scan was used to evaluate bone quality. RESULTS Of 784 CBT screws in 145 patients, 30 (3.8%) had a medial breach in 23 patients (15.9%). One screw was grade 2, and the others were grade 1. Patients with a medial breach had a lower HU value compared with the patients without a medial breach (123.3 vs. 150.5; P = 0.027). A medial breach was more common in the right than left side (5.5% vs. 2.0%; P = 0.014). More than one half of the screws with a medial breach were found in the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) compared with the middle construct or lowest instrumented vertebra (6.7% vs. 1.3% vs. 2.7%; P = 0.003). Binary logistic regression showed that low HU values, right-sided screw placement, and UIV were associated with a medial breach. No patients returned to the operating room for screw malposition. No differences were found in the clinical outcomes between patients with and without a medial breach. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of pedicle wall medial breach was 3.8% of RA-CBT screws in the postoperative CT images. A low HU value measured in the L1 axial image, right-sided screw placement, and UIV were associated with an increased risk of medial breach for RA-CBT screw placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Nagata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Gum
- Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Morgan Brown
- Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Bren Hines
- Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Leah Y Carreon
- Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Steven D Glassman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Umeda A, Murata K, Murotani Y, Fujii T, Onishi A, Murakami K, Onizawa H, Otsuki B, Shimizu T, Tanaka M, Morinobu A, Matsuda S. Low Hounsfield unit values on computed tomography as a potential predictor of vertebral fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The KURAMA cohort study. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15146. [PMID: 38661342 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hounsfield units (HU) measured using computed tomography (CT) have gained considerable attention for the detection of osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate whether opportunistic CT could predict vertebral fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A total of 233 patients with RA who underwent chest CT were included in this study. The HU values of the anterior 1/3 of the vertebral bodies based on the sagittal plane at T11-L2 after reconstruction were measured. The incidence of vertebral fractures was investigated with respect to the HU value. RESULTS Vertebral fractures were identified in 32 patients during a mean follow-up period of 3.8 years. In patients who experienced vertebral fractures within 2 years of CT imaging, the HU values of the vertebral bodies (T11-L2) were lower than those in patients who did not experience fractures. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified that a T11 HU value of <125 was a risk factor for vertebral fracture within 2 years. Multivariate analysis showed that a T11 HU value of <125 and the existence of prevalent vertebral fractures were significant risk factors for fracture. CONCLUSION HU measurements of the anterior 1/3 of the vertebral body are a potential predictor for vertebral fractures in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Umeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murotani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Onishi
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosaku Murakami
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Onizawa
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bungo Otsuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shimizu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Samir M, Galaleldine A, El-Zayat T, Eldin ND, Mahmoud MA, Mostafa D. Can shear wave elastography predict the success of shock‑wave lithotripsy used in renal stones treatment? A prospective study. World J Urol 2024; 42:160. [PMID: 38488885 PMCID: PMC10943162 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usage of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the prediction of the success rate of shock‑wave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment of renal stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study, SWL was performed for 100 patients presented with renal stones in the duration from May 2022 to August 2023. The patients were divided into 2 groups SWL responders and non-responders. The study compared between the 2 groups in terms of baseline parameters of the patients as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), stone size, stone location, stone density (HU), skin-to-stone distance (SSD), the degree of hydronephrosis and the stone elastography values. RESULTS There was no statistically significant relation between stone-free rate and degree of obstruction (p = 0.628), stone size (p = 0.390) upper calyceal location (p = 0.17), middle calyceal location (p = 0.66), and renal pelvis location (p = 1.0). Nevertheless, a statistically significant relation was found as regards lower calyceal location, stone density (HU), and stone Elastography values using multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of stone density by shear wave elastography (SWE) can be used as an alternative to HU in decision-making before SWL. SWL success depends mainly on stone site, HU, and SWE values.
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Zhang Q, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Gong X. Longitudinal Study on Pre- and Post-Operation CT Imaging for Predicting Pedicle Screw Loosening in Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disease. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2024; 20:185-194. [PMID: 38496352 PMCID: PMC10942252 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s453639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We conducted a longitudinal study to examine the predictive role of risk factors in the occurrence of pedicle screw loosening, assessed through pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods A total of 103 patients with degenerative lumbar disease who had undergone L4/5 pedicle screw fixation (involving 412 screws) were included in this study. They were subsequently categorized into two groups-the "loosening group" and the "non-loosening group". The axial and sagittal angles of the screw trajectory in pre- and post-operative CT images were measured, and the deviation angles were computed. Additionally, measurements were taken of the Hounsfield unit (HU) within the screw entry point area, the pedicle, and the vertebral body in preoperative CT images. Logistic regression analysis was employed to ascertain the risk factors influencing the occurrence of screw loosening. Results Elderly patients who experienced screw loosening tended to have bilateral screw issues at the L5 level (p < 0.005). The HU of the pedicle (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), and the axial deviation angle (p = 0.014) were identified as independent factors predicting screw loosening. Additionally, when HU of the pedicle < 126.5 or age ≥ 53.5 years, the axial deviation angle was found to be smaller in the group experiencing screw loosening (p = 0.018 and p = 0.019). Conclusion Loosening of screws positioned at L5 was found to be more prevalent in elderly patients, particularly exhibiting a bilateral occurrence. Independent predictors of this phenomenon included a low HU value in the pedicle, advanced age in patients, and a substantial axial deviation angle. In the case of elderly patients with a low HU value in the pedicle, a reduced axial surgical deflection was necessitated to prevent the occurrence of screw loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The 901st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanfan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The 901st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Gong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Fujimoto M, Miyazaki T, Yamamoto A, Ikezawa M, Tanioka S, Nishikawa H, Mizuno M, Suzuki H. A novel approach to evaluation of lumbar bone density using Hounsfield units in volume of interest on computed tomography imaging. J Neurosurg Spine 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38457796 DOI: 10.3171/2024.1.spine231137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), as assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and Hounsfield units (HU) measured in volumes of interest (VOIs) and regions of interest (ROIs) on lumbar spine CT. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on data of lumbar vertebrae obtained from patients who underwent both DEXA and lumbar spine CT scan within a 6-month period. Vertebrae with a history of compression fracture, infectious spondylitis, cement reinforcement, or lumbar surgery were excluded. HU measurements were performed in the VOI and ROI (midaxial, midcoronal, and midsagittal sections) with CT, whereas BMD was assessed with DEXA. Statistical analyses, including correlation assessments and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, were performed. RESULTS This analysis included 712 lumbar vertebrae, with a median patient age of 72.0 years. BMD values and HU measurements in the VOI increased sequentially from L1 to L4, whereas HU values in the ROI did not show a consistent pattern. HU values in the VOI consistently showed a stronger correlation with BMD than those in the ROI. ROC analysis revealed patient-level cutoff values for the diagnosis of osteoporosis at different lumbar vertebral levels with high sensitivity and specificity, as well as an excellent area under the curve. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to introduce a novel approach using the HU value in the VOI to assess bone health at the lumbar spine. There is a strong correlation between the HU value in the VOI and BMD, and the HU value in the VOI can be used to predict osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, Kou-cho, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Hinaga, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Munenari Ikezawa
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Mie Chuo Medical Center, Hisai-myojin-cho, Tsu, Mie, Japan; and
| | - Satoru Tanioka
- 5Charité Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Masaki Mizuno
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, Kou-cho, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
- 6Minimum-Invasive Neurospinal Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Hiyama A, Sakai D, Katoh H, Sato M, Watanabe M. Hounsfield Unit Values as an Adjunct Diagnostic Tool: Investigating Its Relationship with Bone Mineral Density and Vertebral Bone Quality in Lumbar Degenerative Disease Patients. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:e722-e729. [PMID: 38199461 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With an increasing prevalence of osteoporosis due to demographic shifts, accurate diagnostic methods are vital, particularly before spinal surgeries. This research investigated the correlation between bone mineral density T-scores of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, Hounsfield Unit (HU) values from computed tomography (CT), and vertebral bone quality (VBQ) scores from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in patients with lumbar degenerative disease. METHODS We analyzed data from 100 patients with lumbar degenerative disease who underwent CT, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and MRI between 2019 and 2023. HU values were measured individually from L1 to L4, while T-scores were obtained from DXA scans of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. The VBQ scores were derived from T1-weighted MRIs. RESULTS A notable association between the lumbar and femoral neck T-scores and HU values was found. The VBQ score had a faint correlation with HU values and lacked any with the T-score. Notably, the HU values derived via the Youden index and regression closely matched. Lumbar spine HU values related to T-scores of 85.6 and 84.4 and femoral neck T-scores of 98.9 and 103.6, with a low T-score at 98.9 and 104.6. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores a strong correlation between bone mineral density and HU values from CT scans in lumbar degenerative disease patients, suggesting the utility of HU measurements as an adjunct diagnostic tool for osteoporosis. However, the correlation with the VBQ score remains weak. Further multicenter studies are essential for more robust validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Wang X, Zhao W, Chen X, Zhang P, Zhou Z, Yan X, Song Z, Lin S, Chen W, Shang Q, Chen H, Liang D, Shen G, Ren H, Jiang X. Correlation of Hounsfield Units with Bone Mineral Density and T-Score in Chinese Adults. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:e261-e267. [PMID: 38159603 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between vertebral cancellous Hounsfield units (HUs), age, bone mineral density, and T-score in a sample of Chinese adults. METHODS The study included a sample of 739 participants. Age, bone mineral density, and T-score of each participant were recorded, and HUs were measured in the L1-L4 vertebrae. RESULTS Data analysis revealed that HUs of vertebral cancellous bone across the pedicle level decreased with age, with women having higher values than men up to age 50 and vice versa thereafter. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between HUs of vertebral cancellous bone across the pedicle level and bone mineral density/T-score in the L1-L4 vertebrae, but with a weaker correlation in the L4 vertebrae. Additionally, HU values for participants with osteoporosis were significantly lower than HU values for participants with osteopenia and normal bone health. CONCLUSIONS From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that HUs may be a potential predictor of bone health, with implications for presurgical assessment of the quality of bone-screw interfaces for spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Guangzhou Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingda Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelin Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianwei Yan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zefeng Song
- Department of Medical, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | | | - Wanyan Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Liang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyang Shen
- Guangzhou Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Guangzhou Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Guangzhou Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Takekawa T, Moroi A, Gomi K, Takayama A, Yoshizawa K, Ueki K. Correlation Between Acquisition of Dental Implant Stability and Hounsfield Units at Dental Implant Placement. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2024:498795. [PMID: 38303658 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-22-00233r3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Alveolar bone quality at the implantation site affects the initial stability of dental implant treatment. However, the relationship between bone quality and osseointegration has yet to be evaluated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of bone quality on dental implant stability in osseointegration formation changes. Patients underwent computed tomography imaging before dental implantation at the posterior. Hounsfield units were measured at the platform, middle, and tip sites. Implant stability was measured using resonance frequency analysis immediately and at three months postoperatively, in which the difference in implant stability quotients was defined as the change between primary and secondary fixation. In multiple regression analysis, the dependent variable was the change between the immediate and secondary fixations. We included 81 implants that conformed to the criteria. Primary fixation yielded the following results: R2 = 0.117, F = 2.529, and P = 0.047. The difference between the maxilla and mandible of the implantation site (P=0.02) and the platform site Hounsfield units (P=0.019) were identified as significant factors. The following results were obtained regarding the change between the immediate and secondary fixation: R2 = 0.714, F = 40.964, and P < 0.001. The difference between diameter (P=0.008) and the immediate ISQ (P < 0.001) were identified as significant factors. Overall, the bone quality of the implantation site affected initial fixation; however, it had limited effect on secondary fixation. Our findings clarified the period where bone quality affects dental implant treatment and is expected to advance dental implant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takekawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akinori Moroi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Karen Gomi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Yoshizawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ueki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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13
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Pithani KD, Vadhi R. Enhanced non-alcoholic fatty liver detection: Computed tomography scan image analysis and noise reduction with morphological dilation. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024; 25:1-12. [PMID: 38245473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by accumulation of fat in the liver cells caused by means other than alcohol consumption. It is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide and can lead to severe conditions, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. NAFLD is often associated with other metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes, and is closely related to lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity [1]. The diagnosis as well as management of NAFLD are complex and involve a multidisciplinary approach. The available treatment options include lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and in severe cases, liver transplantation. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD highlights the urgent requirement of effective prevention and management strategies. This disease is a growing health concern in India, given the rise in the incidence of obesity and diabetes. According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology in 2020, the prevalence of NAFLD in India is estimated to be between 9% and 32%. In accordance with the research population and diagnostic criteria employed, a study published in the Indian Journal of Gastroenterology in 2019 found that the prevalence of NAFLD in India ranged from 9.6% to 32.3% [2]. The same study also revealed that the prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a highly severe form of NAFLD, ranged from 1.5% to 8.4%. These statistics highlight the need for increased awareness and preventive measures to manage the growing burden of NAFLD in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Dev Pithani
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Kakinada 533437, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Radhika Vadhi
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Kakinada 533437, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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14
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Takekawa T, Moroi A, Gomi K, Takayama A, Yoshizawa K, Ueki K. Correlation Between Acquisition of Dental Implant Stability and Hounsfield Units at Dental Implant Placement. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2024; 50:24-30. [PMID: 38579113 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-22-00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Alveolar bone quality at the implantation site affects the initial stability of dental implant treatment. However, the relationship between bone quality and osseointegration has yet to be evaluated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of bone quality on dental implant stability in osseointegration formation changes. Patients underwent computed tomography imaging before dental implantation at the posterior. Hounsfield units were measured at the platform, middle, and tip sites. Implant stability was measured using resonance frequency analysis immediately and at 3 months postoperatively, in which the difference in implant stability quotients (ISQ) was defined as the change between primary and secondary fixation. In multiple regression analysis, the dependent variable was the change between the immediate and secondary fixations. We included 81 implants that conformed to the criteria. Primary fixation yielded the following results: R2 = 0.117, F = 2.529, and P = .047. The difference between the maxilla and mandible of the implantation site (P = .02) and the platform-site Hounsfield units (P = .019) were identified as significant factors. The following results were obtained regarding the change between the immediate and secondary fixation: R2 = 0.714, F = 40.964, and P < .001. The difference between diameter (P = .008) and the immediate ISQ (P < .001) were identified as significant factors. Overall, the bone quality of the implantation site affected initial fixation; however, it had limited effect on secondary fixation. Our findings clarified the period where bone quality affects dental implant treatment and is expected to advance dental implant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takekawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akinori Moroi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Karen Gomi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Yoshizawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ueki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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15
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Yazici MM, Sekmen S, Çelik A, Yavaşi Ö, Hürsoy N. The Diagnostic Accuracy of the Hounsfield Unit Value in Pulmonary Embolism. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2024:ceem.23.113. [PMID: 38286507 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Pulmonary embolism (PE) a vascular disease. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the radiological imaging technique used to diagnose PE. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of Hounsfield Unit (HU) value for PE based on the hypothesis that acute thrombosis causes an increase in HU value on computed tomography (CT). Methods This research was as a single-center, retrospective study. Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) diagnosed with PE on CTPA were enrolled as the study group. In addition, patients admitted to the same emergency department who were not diagnosed with PE and had non-contrast CT scans were included as the control group. A receiver operating curve (ROC) was produced to the diagnostic accuracy of HU values in predicting PE. Results The study population (N=74) consisted of a study group (N=46) and a control group (N=28). The sensitivity and specificity of HU value for predicting PE on thoracic CT were found 61.5% and 96.4% at a value of 54.8 (Area Under the Curve (AUC):0.690) for right main pulmonary artery; 65.0% and 96.4% at a value of 55.9 (AUC:0.736) for left main pulmonary artery; 44.4% and 96.4% at a value of 62.7 (AUC:0.615) for right interlobar artery; and 60.0% and 92.9% at a value of 56.7 (AUC:0.736) for left interlobar artery. Conclusion HU values may exhibit high diagnostic specificity on CT, for thrombi up to the interlobar level. An HU value exceeding 54.8 up to the interlobar level may raise suspicion of the presence of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mümin Murat Yazici
- Specialist of Emergency Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Sekmen
- Specialist of Radiology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ali Çelik
- Specialist of Emergency Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Özcan Yavaşi
- Assist. Prof. of Emergency Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Nur Hürsoy
- Assist. Prof. of Radiology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Rize, Turkey
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16
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Pu M, Zhang B, Zhu Y, Zhong W, Shen Y, Zhang P. Hounsfield Unit for Evaluating Bone Mineral Density and Strength: Variations in Measurement Methods. World Neurosurg 2023; 180:e56-e68. [PMID: 37544597 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the consistency and accuracy of various measurements of the Hounsfield unit (HU) in lumbar vertebrae. METHODS The study reviewed lumbar spine computed tomography images of 60 postmenopausal women aged >50 years. A total of 240 vertebrae were measured and analyzed for the variations of HU values in different sections and regions. Investigated the relationship between HU values of the lumbar spine under different measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry results and the ability to identify patients with osteoporosis. RESULTS HU values measured in midsagittal (r = 0.763), midcoronal (r = 0.768), and midaxial (r = 0.786) sections exhibited a strong positive correlation with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry T-scores. HU values measured in midsagittal and midaxial sections of the vertebral body were in good agreement (P > 0.1), but decreased in the midcoronal (P < 0.001). HU values in the middle of the vertebral body were significantly higher than in the near end plate (P < 0.001). HU values varied between L1 and L4 vertebrae, but all had a good ability to identify osteoporosis and did not differ significantly in screening ability (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS An averaged HU value in axial multilevel is a comprehensive assessment of vertebral bone density. Using the HU value of the lumbar spine can help identify patients with osteoporosis, and the screening ability does not differ significantly across vertebral segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing Province, Zhejiang, China; Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wentao Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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17
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Keat WOL, Somani BK, Pietropaolo A, Chew BH, Chai CA, Inoue T, Ragoori D, Biligere S, Galosi AB, Pavia MP, Milanese G, Ahn T, More S, Sarica K, Traxer O, Teoh JYC, Gauhar V, Castellani D. Do Hounsfield Units have any significance in predicting intra- and postoperative outcomes in retrograde intrarenal surgery using Holmium and Thulium fiber laser? Results from the FLEXible ureteroscopy Outcomes Registry (FLEXOR). World J Urol 2023; 41:2881-2888. [PMID: 36929407 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate outcomes of flexible ureteroscopy for renal stones by comparing hard versus soft stones based on their attenuation on computed tomography (Hounsfield Units-HU). METHODS Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of laser employed [Holmium:YAG (HL) or Thulium fiber laser (TFL)]. Residual fragments (RF) were defined as > 2 mm. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with RF and RF needing further intervention. RESULTS 4208 patients from 20 centers were included. In whole series, age, recurrent stones, stone size, lower pole stones (LPS), and multiple stones were predictors of RF at multivariable analysis and LPS and stone size with RF requiring further treatment. HU and TFL were associated with lesser RF and RF requiring an additional treatment. In HU < 1000 stones, recurrent stones, stone size, and LPS were predictors of RF at multivariable analysis, whereas TFL was less likely associated with RF. Recurrent stones, stone size, and multiple stones were predictors of RF requiring further treatment, while LPS and TFL were associated with lesser RF requiring further treatment. In HU ≥ 1000 stones, age, stone size, multiple stones, and LPS were predictors of RF at multivariable analysis, while TFL was less likely associated with RF. Stone size and LPS were predictors of RF requiring further treatment, whereas TFL was associated with RF requiring further treatment. CONCLUSION Stone size, LPS, and use of HL are predictors of RF after RIRS for intrarenal stones regardless of stone density. HU should be considered an important parameter in predicting SFR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhaskar Kumar Somani
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Southampton, NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Amelia Pietropaolo
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Southampton, NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Ben Hall Chew
- Department of Urology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chu Ann Chai
- Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Takaaki Inoue
- Department of Urology and Stone Center, Hara Genitourinary Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Deepak Ragoori
- Department of Urology, Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Irram Manzil Colony, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sarvajit Biligere
- Department of Urology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Benedetto Galosi
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Conca 71, 60127, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pavia
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Conca 71, 60127, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Milanese
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Conca 71, 60127, Ancona, Italy
| | - Thomas Ahn
- Department of Urology, Toowoomba Base Hospital, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sumit More
- Department of Urology, Sarvodaya Hospital and Research Center, Faridabad, India
| | - Kemal Sarica
- Department of Urology, Biruni University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olivier Traxer
- Department of Urology AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vineet Gauhar
- Department of Urology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniele Castellani
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Conca 71, 60127, Ancona, Italy.
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18
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Mehta A, Roa JA, Cannavale K, Sur S, Singh IP. Differences in radiopacity among CT contrast agents and concentrations: A quantitative study. J Neuroimaging 2023; 33:909-916. [PMID: 37626255 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several studies in the literature have attempted to subjectively assess the degree of visualization of different neurovascular structures using different contrast agents and concentrations. Given the recent contrast shortages, we aim to objectively compare the radiopacity achieved with four angiographic contrast agents used in clinical practice. METHODS Isovue 370, Visipaque 320, Omnipaque 300, and Isovue 300 were each drawn up at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations and compared against normal saline and air syringes. CT scans were obtained, and regions of interest were analyzed for radiopacity using Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements. An aneurysm model with different contrast concentrations was also scanned and dimensions compared. Two-tailed t-tests and Cohen's d coefficients were applied to assess for differences in mean HU measurements. RESULTS Isovue 370 and Isovue 300 had the highest and lowest mean HU, respectively (p < .001). Visipaque 320 at 25% concentration had the lowest mean HU at -.76. Statistically similar agents (p < .05) were Visipaque 320 and Omnipaque 300 at a 100% concentration (p = .30), and Omnipaque 300 and Isovue 300 at a 25% concentration (p = .73). Aneurysm dimensions among Isovue 370, Visipaque 320, and Omnipaque 300 were all similar, whereas with Isovue 300, the dimensions were significantly smaller (p < .05). CONCLUSION Isovue 370 provides the highest HU radiopacity and the most accurate aneurysm measurements. Angiographic measurements obtained with Isovue 300 may underestimate the actual aneurysmal dimensions. Visipaque 320 and Omnipaque 300 at 100% concentration have similar mean HUs and are beneficial for patients with chronic kidney or cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mehta
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jorge A Roa
- Department of Neuroendovascular Surgery, MedStar Franklin Square Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly Cannavale
- Department of Neuroendovascular Surgery, MedStar Franklin Square Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samir Sur
- Department of Neuroendovascular Surgery, MedStar Franklin Square Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - I Paul Singh
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Kim SH, Kim SS, Hwang HK, Kang CM, Choi JY, Kim KS, Kim HI. Preoperative Fistula Risk Prediction Using Computed Tomography Image Before Pancreatoduodenectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:7731-7737. [PMID: 37490165 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many formulas for predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) have been introduced, POPF is generally predicted during pancreatic surgery due to pancreatic texture. This study was designed to verify the correlation between Hounsfield units (HU) and pancreatic texture and to suggest a fistula risk score (FRS) that can be used before surgery. METHODS Data from 545 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for malignant disease between January 2008 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The HU level of the pancreas was measured, and odds ratio (OR) of the HU for POPF was analyzed. Additionally, the assessed HU was compared with the pancreatic texture (soft vs. hard) and calculated cutoff level. Finally, the preoperatively chosen pancreatic texture according to HU level was applied to the FRS formula (preoperative-FRS: p-FRS), and the results were compared with a previously reported FRS formula (updated alternative-FRS: ua-FRS). RESULTS The Hounsfield unit levels were correlated with clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04 (1.01-1.07), p = 0.015). In the receiver operating characteristic curve, the HU showed significant prediction potential for pancreatic texture (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.744, p < 0.001). The p-FRS also showed acceptable results in predicting CR-POPF (AUC = 0.702, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the DeLong's test compared with the ua-FRS (p = 0.314). In the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, observed probabilities were correlated with predicted probabilities (p = 0.596). CONCLUSIONS The HU level on preoperative computed tomography (CT) is a predictive factor for POPF and could represent for pancreatic texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Seob Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Kim
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Luo X, Zhang J, Dai Z, Gong X, Qu G, Li J, Zhang Z. Hounsfield units on abdominal computed tomography: a new tool for predicting osteoporosis. Acta Radiol 2023; 64:2841-2848. [PMID: 37644799 DOI: 10.1177/02841851231190795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis can cause bone fractures and disability, but early diagnosis faces challenges. Our proposed diagnostic indicators offer a new approach for early detection, which benefits early identification. PURPOSE To determine the most appropriate threshold for predicting osteoporosis in patients with each section of vertebral body. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 210 patients, including 646 vertebrae, who had both abdominal computed tomography (CT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) within six months. The correlation between DXA T-score and CT Hounsfield units (HU) values was tested by Pearson. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using the threshold obtained from the regression equation. RESULTS The thresholds matching the T-score of -2.5 were 85, 95, 85, and 90 HU for the upper axial plane of the vertebral body (Lau), the middle axial plane of the vertebral body (Lam), the lower axial plane of the vertebral body (Lad), and the mid-sagittal plane of the vertebral body (Lsm), respectively. Defining osteoporosis using CT as Lau ≤ 85, Lam ≤ 95, Lad ≤ 85, or Lsm ≤ 90 HU had a specificity of 88.1% (116/134) and sensitivity of 90.8% (69/76) for distinguishing DXA osteoporosis of the lumbar spine in 210 patients. T-score ≤-2.5 defined as Lau ≤85 or Lam ≤95 or Lad ≤85 or Lsm ≤90 HU had a specificity of 85.9% (275/320) and sensitivity of 82.8% (270/326) for DXA T-score ≤-2.5 in 646 lumbar vertebrae. CONCLUSION CT HU values obtained based on different sections of the vertebral body in abdominal CT can be used as a supplementary measure to assess osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Jiongfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Zhengzai Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Xiang Gong
- Graduate School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Gaoyang Qu
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
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Hou X, Sun Z, Li W, Wang H, Zhuo L, Yuan L, Zeng Y, Ding L, Chen Z. Upper instrumented vertebrae selection criteria for degenerative lumbar scoliosis based on the hounsfield unit asymmetry of the first coronal reverse vertebrae: an observational study. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:819. [PMID: 37907995 PMCID: PMC10619298 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selection of the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) is crucial for surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS), given the relevance of UIV in postoperative proximal adjacent segment degeneration (pASD). Our previous research found that selection of UIV not lower than (≤) the first coronal reverse vertebra (FCRV), which marks the turning point of Hounsfield unit (HU) asymmetry, could significantly reduce pASD. However, the degree of HU asymmetry can vary among patients, suggesting a demand for more individualized UIV selection criteria, which we aimed to develop using quantitative HU measurement in the current study. METHODS We included 153 consecutive patients with DLS. Quantitative measurement of HU of both sides of the vertebrae of these patients was performed on three planes of CT reconstruction for average values and determination of FCRV. Pre- and postoperative X-ray plain films were examined for radiological measurements and determination of pASD. Further, 35 patients with lumbar disc herniation and without significant scoliosis were also included as the reference group, and their bilateral HU was measured. RESULTS In all 153 patients, those with UIV ≤ FCRV had a significantly lower rate of pASD (9.4% vs. 24.6%, P = 0.011). The difference between HU of the left and right sides of the FCRV (dF) could range from close to 0-59.4. The difference between HU of the left and right sides of the vertebrae in the reference group had an average value of 5.21. In 101 dF ≥ 5 DLS patients, those with UIV ≤ FCRV had a significantly lower rate of pASD (7.6% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.005), while this rate was insignificant in the other 52 dF < 5 patients (13.3% vs. 18.2%, P = 0.708). No other general, radiological, or operative parameter was found to have significant influence on the occurrence of pASD. CONCLUSIONS Selection of UIV ≤ FCRV can significantly reduce the risk of pASD for patients with DLS with dF ≥ 5. Trial Registration Not applicable, since this is an observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No 49. North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoran Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No 49. North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No 49. North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Zhuo
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No 49. North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No 49. North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Linyao Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No 49. North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No 49. North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
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22
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Zhou Y, Hu Y, Yan X, Zheng Y, Liu S, Yao H. Smoking index and COPD duration as potential risk factors for development of osteoporosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer - A retrospective case control study evaluated by CT Hounsfield unit. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20885. [PMID: 37886787 PMCID: PMC10597819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of smoking index (calculated as number of cigarettes per day × smoking years) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) duration on osteoporosis (OP)evaluated by opportunistic chest CT in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 101 patients diagnosed with NSCLC were included in our cohort study. Among them, 50 patients with a history of smoking and COPD were assigned to the experimental group, while 51 patients without a history of smoking and COPD were assigned to the control group. Hounsfield unit (HU) value was measured by conventional chest CT to investigate the bone mineral density; and the mean values of axial HU value in the upper, middle and lower parts of T4, T7, T10 and L1 vertebral bodies were measured as the study variables. Results There were no significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, type of lung cancer, clinical stage of lung cancer and comorbidities between the two groups (P = 0.938,P = 0.158,P = 0.722,P = 0.596,P = 0.813,P = 0.655). The overall mean HU values of T4, T7, T10, L1 in the experimental group were 116.60 ± 30.67, 110.56 ± 30.03, 109.18 (96.85-122.95), 94.63 (85.20-104.12) and 106.86 ± 22.26, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (189.55 ± 34.57, 174.54 ± 35.30, 172.73 (156.33-199.50), 158.20 (141.60-179.40) and 177.50 ± 33.49) (P <0.05). And in the experimental group, smoking index and COPD duration were significantly and negatively correlated with HU values (r = -0.627, -0.542, P <0.05, respectively). Conclusion Patients with NSCLC who have a history of smoking and COPD exhibit a notably lower HU value compared to the control groups. Additionally, it has been observed that the smoking index and duration of COPD may be influential factors affecting bone mineral density in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Province, China
- School of Graduates, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Yunxiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
- School of Graduates, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Xixi Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Province, China
- School of Graduates, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Yueyue Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Province, China
- School of Graduates, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Sanmao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
- School of Graduates, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Hongmei Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Province, China
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Chanbour H, Chen JW, Vaughan WE, Abtahi AM, Gardocki RJ, Stephens BF, Zuckerman SL. Which Bone Mineral Density Measure Offers a More Reliable Prediction of Mechanical Complications in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Hounsfield Units or DEXA Scan? World Neurosurg 2023; 178:e657-e665. [PMID: 37543204 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients undergoing adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, we sought to: (1) determine the relationship between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-measured bone mineral density (BMD), T-scores, and Hounsfield units (HU), and (2) compare the ability of DEXA-measured BMD, T-scores, and HU to predict mechanical complications and reoperations. METHODS A single-institution retrospective cohort study was undertaken for cases from 2013 to 2017. INCLUSION CRITERIA ≥5-level-fusion, sagittal/coronal deformity, and 2-year follow-up. Multivariable regression controlled for age, body mass index, receiving anabolic medications, and postoperative sagittal vertical axis and pelvic-incidence lumbar-lordosis mismatch. A subanalysis was performed for osteopenic patients (-1 < T-score < -2). RESULTS Of 145 patients undergoing ASD surgery, 72 (49.6%) had both preoperative DEXA and computed tomography scans. Mean DEXA-measured BMD was 0.91 ± 0.52 g/cm2, mean T-score was -1.61 ± 1.03, and mean HU was 153.5 ± 52.8. While no correlation was found between DEXA-measured BMD and HU (r = 0.17, P = 0.144), T-score and HU had a weakly positive correlation (r = 0.31, P = 0.007). Mechanical complications occurred in 48 (66.7%) patients, including 27 (37.5%) proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), 1 (1.4%) distal junctional kyphosis, 5 (6.9%) implant failure, 30 (41.7%) rod fracture/pseudarthrosis, 42 (58.3%) reoperations, and 16 (22.2%) reoperations due to PJK. No association was found between DEXA-measured BMD or T-scores with mechanical complications or reoperations. While univariate regression showed a significant association between lower HU and PJK (OR 0.98, 95%CI 0.97-0.99, P = 0.011), the significance was lost after multivariable analysis. When considering osteopenic patients (n = 37), only DEXA-measured BMD was an independent risk factor for PJK (OR 0.01, 95%CI 0.00-0.09, P = 0.017), with a threshold of 0.82 g/cm2 (AUC 0.70, 95%CI 0.53-0.84, P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Poor correlation was found between the 3 BMD modalities. DEXA-measured BMD may be superior to T-scores and HU in predicting PJK among patients with osteopenia with a threshold of BMD <0.82 g/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Chanbour
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Chen
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wilson E Vaughan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amir M Abtahi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond J Gardocki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Byron F Stephens
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott L Zuckerman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Shao C, Shu Y, Wei P, Tian M, Gao Y, Zhu J, Han Z. Quantitative analysis of dual-phase enhanced CT in cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a comparative study along with pathological manifestations. Endocrine 2023; 82:108-116. [PMID: 37148418 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of dual-phase enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by analyzing the dual-phase enhanced Hounsfield units (HUs) of lymph node and sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the ratio and difference. METHODS The CT arterial-phase and venous-phase imaging data of 143 metastasis-positive lymph nodes (MPLNs) in 88 cases and 172 metastasis-negative lymph nodes (MNLNs) in 128 cases with PTC were retrospectively analyzed. All lymph nodes were confirmed by surgical pathology. The arterial-phase HU of lymph nodes (ANHU), venous-phase HU of lymph nodes (VNHU), arterial-phase HU of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (AMHU) and venous-phase HU of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (VMHU) were measured, and their difference and ratio (ANHU-AMHU, ANHU/AMHU, VNHU-VMHU, VNHU/VMHU) were calculated. The cutoff values and corresponding diagnostic efficacy for diagnosing LNM in PTC were sought by performing the receiver operating characteristic curves. The maximum pathological diameter (MPD) measured on pathological sections of lymph nodes was compared with the maximum transverse diameter (MTD) and maximum sagittal diameter (MSD) and their average values on CT images. RESULTS The ANHU, and VNHU of MPLNs and MNLNs were 111.89 ± 33.26 and 66.12 (56.81-76.86) (P < 0.001), and 99.07 ± 23.27 and 75.47 ± 13.95 (P < 0.001), respectively. The area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the arterial-phase three parameters (ANHU, ANHU-AMHU, ANHU/AMHU) for diagnosing LNM were (0.877-0.880), (0.755-0.769), and (0.901-0.913), respectively, and the venous-phase three parameters (VNHU, VNHU-VMHU, VNHU/VMHU) were (0.801-0.817), (0.650-0.678), and (0.826-0.901), respectively. Compared with MPD, MTD (Z = -2.686, P = 0.007) and MSD (Z = -3.539, P < 0.001) were significantly different, while (MTD + MSD)/2 was not statistically different (Z = -0.038b, P = 0.969). CONCLUSION In the differential diagnosis of cervical LNM of PTC by dual-phase enhanced CT angiography, the arterial phase had higher diagnostic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Shu
- Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of XiaoShan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiying Wei
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Tian
- The Fourth Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingqi Gao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiying Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhijiang Han
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Oley MH, Oley MC, Langi FLFG, Flapper W, Islam AA, Hatta M, Laidding SR, Limarga N, Faruk M. Serum BMP-2 and osteocalcin levels, and CT Hounsfield unit post hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with cleft lip and palate post alveolar bone graft: A case study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19955. [PMID: 37809437 PMCID: PMC10559552 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), osteocalcin, and 3D CT Hounsfield units following hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) undergoing alveolar bone grafts to provide a pilot evaluation of the role of HBOT in osteogenesis. Methods This prospective, quasi-experimental, pre-post-intervention study evaluated seven patients with CLP receiving HBOT after single-stage reconstructions with alveolar bone grafts. The outcomes included the serum levels of BMP-2 and osteocalcin and the 3D CT Hounsfield units obtained before and after the surgery, and after the five HBOT sessions, to a total of 12 measurements. The data were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models using the intervention stage (pre-surgery, pre-HBOT, first to fifth HBOT sessions) as covariates and adjusting for several baseline factors. Results A significant difference was found in outcome measures across time (ANOVA p < 0.001 for BMP-2 and osteocalcin, p = 0.01 for Hounsfield units), with mean values appearing to steadily increase once HBOT began. Regression analyses indicated that the effect of HBOT was evident in serum osteocalcin after the 1st HBOT session (adjusted b = 1.32; 95% CI 0.39, 2.25) and in serum BMP-2 after the third session (adjusted b = 6.61; 95% CI 1.93, 11.28). After the fifth session, the HBOT effect was fairly pronounced on the two outcomes: the adjusted increase compared to the baseline was 28.06 ng/mL for BMP-2 and 6.27 ng/mL for osteocalcin. Our mixed-effect models also showed a post-HBOT increase in Hounsfield units. Conclusion We found an increase of BMP-2, osteocalcin, and Hounsfield units following the HBOT intervention. These may suggest an effect of HBOT on osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendy Hatibie Oley
- Division of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Division of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
- Hyperbaric Centre Siloam Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Maximillian Christian Oley
- Hyperbaric Centre Siloam Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Fima Lanra Fredrik G. Langi
- Department Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Public Health Faculty, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Walter Flapper
- Cleft and Craniofacial South Australia, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andi Asadul Islam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Sachraswaty R. Laidding
- Division of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Nidia Limarga
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Faruk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Institute for Research and Community Services, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Lin C, Tsai Y, Chen L, Wang C, Wu C, Chen W, Liang H, Kuo S. Effect of extended field-of-view approaches on the accuracy of stopping power ratio estimation for single-energy computed tomography simulators. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2023; 24:e14010. [PMID: 37170691 PMCID: PMC10476990 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended field-of-view (eFOV) methods have been proposed to generate larger demonstration FOVs for computed tomography (CT) simulators with a limited scanning FOV (sFOV) size in order to ensure accurate dose calculation and patient collision avoidance. Although the efficacy of these strategies has been evaluated for photon applications, the effect of stopping power ratio (SPR) estimation on proton therapy has not been studied. This study investigated the effect of an eFOV approach on the accuracy of SPR to water estimation in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS To simulate patient geometries, tissue-equivalent material (TEM) and customized extension phantoms were used. The TEM phantom supported various rod arrangements through predefined holes. Images were reconstructed to three FOV sizes using a commercial eFOV technique. A single-energy CT stoichiometric method was used to generate Hounsfield unit (HU) to SPR (HU-to-SPR) conversion curves for each FOV. To investigate the effect of rod location in the sFOV and eFOV regions, eight TEM rods were placed at off-center distances in the homogeneous phantom and scanned individually. Similarly, 16 TEM rods were placed in the heterogeneous TEM phantom and scanned simultaneously. RESULTS The conversion curves derived from the sFOV and eFOV data were identical. The average SPR differences of soft-tissue, bone, and lung materials for rods placed at various off-center locations were 3.3%, 4.8%, and 39.6%, respectively. In the heterogeneous phantom, the difference was within 1.0% in the absence of extension. However, in the presence of extension, the difference increased to 2.8% for all rods, except for lung materials, whose difference was 4.8%. CONCLUSIONS When an eFOV method is used, the SPR variation in phantoms considerably increases for all TEM rods, especially for lung TEM rods. This phenomenon may substantially increase the uncertainty of HU-to-SPR conversion. Therefore, image reconstruction with a standard FOV size is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Shiun Lin
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chun Tsai
- Division of radiation oncologydepartment of OncologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Liang‐Hsin Chen
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Wei Wang
- Division of radiation oncologydepartment of OncologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Jung Wu
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wan‐Yu Chen
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsiang‐Kung Liang
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Sung‐Hsin Kuo
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
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Shin SY, Shen TC, Summers RM. Improving segmentation and detection of lesions in CT scans using intensity distribution supervision. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2023; 108:102259. [PMID: 37348281 PMCID: PMC10527342 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2023.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to incorporate the intensity information of a target lesion on CT scans in training segmentation and detection networks. We first build an intensity-based lesion probability (ILP) function from an intensity histogram of the target lesion. It is used to compute the probability of being the lesion for each voxel based on its intensity. Finally, the computed ILP map of each input CT scan is provided as additional supervision for network training, which aims to inform the network about possible lesion locations in terms of intensity values at no additional labeling cost. The method was applied to improve the segmentation of three different lesion types, namely, small bowel carcinoid tumor, kidney tumor, and lung nodule. The effectiveness of the proposed method on a detection task was also investigated. We observed improvements of 41.3% → 47.8%, 74.2% → 76.0%, and 26.4% → 32.7% in segmenting small bowel carcinoid tumor, kidney tumor, and lung nodule, respectively, in terms of per case Dice scores. An improvement of 64.6% → 75.5% was achieved in detecting kidney tumors in terms of average precision. The results of different usages of the ILP map and the effect of varied amount of training data are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Shin
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Thomas C Shen
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Ronald M Summers
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
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28
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Poilliot A, Hammer N, Toranelli M, Doyle T, Gay‐Dujak MH, Müller‐Gerbl M. Influence of size and shape of the auricular surfaces on subchondral bone density distribution in the sacroiliac joint. J Anat 2023; 243:475-485. [PMID: 36893752 PMCID: PMC10439371 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The sacroiliac auricular surface has a variable morphology and size. The impact of such variations on subchondral mineralization distribution has not been investigated. Sixty-nine datasets were subjected to CT-osteoabsorptiometry for the qualitative visualization of chronic loading conditions of the subchondral bone plate using color-mapped densitograms based on Hounsfield Units in CT. Auricular surface morphologies were classified into three types based on posterior angle size: Type 1: >160°, Type 2: 130-160° and Type 3: <130°. Auricular surface size was categorized based on the mean value (15.4 cm2 ) separating the group into 'small' and 'large' joint surfaces. Subchondral bone density patterns were qualitatively classified into four color patterns: two marginal patterns (M1 and M2) and two non-marginal patterns (N1 and N2) and each iliac and sacral surface was subsequently categorized. 'Marginal' meant that 60-70% of the surface was less mineralized compared with the highly dense regions and vice versa for the 'non-marginal' patterns. M1 had anterior border mineralization and M2 had mineralization scattered around the borders. N1 had mineralization spread over the whole superior region, N2 had mineralization spread over the superior and anterior regions. Auricular surface area averaged 15.4 ± 3.6 cm2 , with a tendency for males to have larger joint surfaces. Type 2 was the most common (75%) and type 3 the least common morphology (9%). M1 was the most common pattern (62% of surfaces) by sex (males 60%, females 64%) with the anterior border as the densest region in all three morphologies. Sacra have a majority of surfaces with patterns from the marginal group (98%). Ilia have mineralization concentrated at the anterior border (patterns M1 and N2 combined: 83%). Load distribution differences related to auricular surface morphology seems to have little effect on long-term stress-related bone adaptation visualized with CT-osteoabsorptiometry. Higher iliac side mineralization was observed in larger joint surfaces and age-related morphomechanical size alterations were seen in males.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Hammer
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research CenterMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma SurgeryUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Division of BiomechatronicsFraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming TechnologyDresdenGermany
| | | | - Terence Doyle
- University of Otago School of MedicineDunedinNew Zealand
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Wu H, Cheung JPY, Zhang T, Shan Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Fan S, Zhao F. The Role of Hounsfield Unit in Intraoperative Endplate Violation and Delayed Cage Subsidence with Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion. Global Spine J 2023; 13:1829-1839. [PMID: 34736351 PMCID: PMC10556897 DOI: 10.1177/21925682211052515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical case series. OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk factors for intraoperative endplate violations and delayed cage subsidence after oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) surgery. Secondly, to examine whether low Hounsfield unit (HU) values at different regions of the endplate are associated with intraoperative endplate violation or delayed cage subsidence. METHODS 61 patients (aged 65.1 ± 9.5 years; 107 segments) who underwent OLIF with or without posterior instrumentation from May 2015 to April 2019 were retrospectively studied. Intraoperative endplate violation was measured on sagittal reconstructed computerized tomography (CT) images immediate postoperatively, while delayed cage subsidence was evaluated using lateral radiographs and defined at 1-month follow-up or later. Demographic information and clinical parameters such as age, body mass index, bone mineral density, number of surgical levels, cage dimension, disc height restoration, visual analogue scale (VAS), and HU at different regions of the endplate were obtained. RESULTS Total postoperative cage subsidence was identified in 45 surgical levels (42.0%) in 26 patients (42.6%) up till postoperative 1-year follow-up. Low HU value at the ipsilateral epiphyseal ring was an independent risk factor for intraoperative endplate violation (P = .008) with a cut-off value of 326.21 HUs. Low HU values at the central endplate had a significant correlation with delayed cage subsidence in stand-alone cases (P = .013) with a cut-off value of 296.42 HUs. VAS scores were not different at 1 week postoperatively in cases with or without intraoperative endplate violation (3.12 ± .73 vs 2.89 ± .72, P = .166) and showed no difference at 1 year with or without delayed cage subsidence (1.95 ± .60 vs 2.26 ± .85, P = .173). CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative endplate violation and delayed cage subsidence are not uncommon with OLIF surgery. HUs of the endplate are good predictors for intraoperative endplate violation and cage subsidence since they can represent the regional bone quality of the endplate in contact with the implant. VAS improvements were not affected by intraoperative endplate violation or delayed cage subsidence at 1-year follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi Shan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengdong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Naik S, Shri A, Sidhu S, Lahre Y, Bag ND, Bhoi SK, Mohakud S. Multidetector computed tomography evaluation of normal thymus and variations with age. J Minim Access Surg 2023:380827. [PMID: 37706407 DOI: 10.4103/jmas.jmas_25_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thymus is a T-cell-producing lymphoid organ that appears prominent in the paediatric population and involutes in size with ageing. The gland shows a wide variety of appearances across different age groups. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the computed tomography (CT) appearance of thymus gland in the normal population with a focus on size, CT attenuation and fatty infiltration in different age groups. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective study done after taking approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Patients undergone CT scans of the thorax were identified from our database. All evaluations were done in non-contrast CT scans. Patients having underlying diseases that may have associated thymic abnormality were excluded. The appearance of thymus and the presence of fatty replacement were assessed. The size of thymus (length and thickness of right limb and left limb) and non-contrast CT Hounsfield unit (HU) value of thymic tissue were measured and compared in various age groups. Results Four hundred and fifty patients were included, 262 (58.2%) were male. Mean age was 33.6 ± 17.1 years, range (3 months-80 years). The size of thymus was observed to decrease with increasing age. The mean age of complete fatty replacement in our study was 45 years. Complete fatty replacement was noted in all cases with an age of more than 60 years. The most common shape was arrowhead, and the most common location was pre-aortic and para-aortic location. Non-contrast CT HU value was maximum in infants and gradually decreased with advancing age. Conclusion Even normal thymus can show varied appearance on CT which changes with the age of the patient being imaged. A comparison with normative data could help differentiate normal from abnormal glands to avoid unnecessary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprava Naik
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aishvarya Shri
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Simran Sidhu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Yuvraj Lahre
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nerbadyswari Deep Bag
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Bhoi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sudipta Mohakud
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Keser F, Culpan M, Cakici MC, Atis RG, Yildirim A. The effect of bioelectric impedance analysis on the success of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Urolithiasis 2023; 51:93. [PMID: 37400587 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive method that can show the distribution of fatty and lean mass of the body. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of BIA on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) success. Our secondary aim was to determine the factors predicting transition from a single SWL session to multiple sessions. Patients who underwent SWL due to kidney stones were prospectively included. Demographics, pre-procedural BIA parameters (fat percentage, obesity degree, muscle mass, total water and metabolic rate), stone parameters, and number of SWL sessions were recorded. Univariate and multivariate regression analyzes were made to determine independent risk factors for success. Then, the successful group was divided into two subgroups according to their SWL session number as one session or multiple sessions and multivariate regression analysis was made to determine independent risk factors. Stone-free status was achieved in 114 (61.2%) of 186 patients. Stone Hounsfield Unit (HU) (OR: 0.998, p = 0.004), stone volume (OR: 0.999, p = 0.023) and fat percentage (OR: 0.933, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for stone-free status in multivariate analysis. HU value of the stone (OR: 1.003, p = 0.005) and age (OR: 1.032, p = 0.031) were determined as independent risk factors for transition to multiple sessions in the subgroup analysis of the successful group. Fat percentage, stone volume, and stone density were determined as factors affecting success in SWL. Routine use of BIA may be considered to predict success before SWL. The probability of SWL success in a single session decreases as the age and stone's HU value increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Keser
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Meftun Culpan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Caglar Cakici
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Asif Yildirim
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chanbour H, Steinle AM, Chen JW, Waddell WH, Vickery J, LaBarge ME, Longo M, Gardocki RJ, Abtahi AM, Stephens BF, Zuckerman SL. The importance of Hounsfield units in adult spinal deformity surgery: finding an optimal threshold to minimize the risk of mechanical complications. J Spine Surg 2023; 9:149-158. [PMID: 37435329 PMCID: PMC10331500 DOI: 10.21037/jss-22-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a well-established risk factor for mechanical complications following adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Hounsfield units (HU) measured on computed tomography (CT) scans are a proxy of BMD. In ASD surgery, we sought to: (I) evaluate the association of HU with mechanical complications and reoperation, and (II) identify optimal HU threshold to predict the occurrence of mechanical complications. Methods A single-institution retrospective cohort study was undertaken for patients undergoing ASD surgery from 2013-2017. Inclusion criteria were: ≥5-level fusion, sagittal/coronal deformity, and 2-year follow-up. HU were measured on 3 axial slices of one vertebra, either at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) itself or UIV ±4 from CT scans. Multivariable regression controlled for age, body mass index (BMI), postoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and postoperative pelvic-incidence lumbar-lordosis mismatch. Results Of 145 patients undergoing ASD surgery, 121 (83.4%) had a preoperative CT from which HU were measured. Mean age was 64.4±10.7 years, mean total instrumented levels was 9.8±2.6, and mean HU was 153.5±52.8. Mean preoperative SVA and T1PA were 95.5±71.1 mm and 28.8°±12.8°, respectively. Postoperative SVA and T1PA significantly improved to 61.2±61.6 mm (P<0.001) and 23.0°±11.0° (P<0.001). Mechanical complications occurred in 74 (61.2%) patients, including 42 (34.7%) proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), 3 (2.5%) distal junctional kyphosis (DJK), 9 (7.4%) implant failure, 48 (39.7%) rod fracture/pseudarthrosis, and 61 (52.2%) reoperations within 2 years. Univariate logistic regression showed a significant association between low HU and PJK [odds ratio (OR) =0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-0.99; P=0.023], but not on multivariable analysis. No association was found regarding other mechanical complications, overall reoperations, and reoperations due to PJK. HU below 163 were associated with increased PJK on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis [area under the curve (AUC) =0.63; 95% CI: 0.53-0.73; P<0.001]. Conclusions Though several factors contribute to PJK, it appears that 163 HU may serve as a preliminary threshold when planning ASD surgery to mitigate the risk of PJK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Chanbour
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony M. Steinle
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Chen
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William Hunter Waddell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin Vickery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew E. LaBarge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Longo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raymond J. Gardocki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amir M. Abtahi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Byron F. Stephens
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott L. Zuckerman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Kawabata S, Nakasa T, Ikuta Y, Sumii J, Nekomoto A, Adachi N. Hounsfield Unit values on the subchondral bone are related to clinical outcomes in bone marrow stimulation for osteochondral lesions of the talus. J Orthop Sci 2023:S0949-2658(23)00145-8. [PMID: 37355459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor clinical outcomes in bone marrow stimulation (BMS) for the osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) are caused by subchondral bone deterioration. It is reported that microfracture induces endochondral ossification in the subchondral bone, which may affect the subchondral bone condition after BMS. This study analyzed osteosclerotic patterns of the bed in OLTs on computed tomography (CT) images and the relationship between the subchondral bone condition and clinical outcomes of BMS. METHODS Sixty-nine ankles in 61 patients with OLT were included. Hounsfield unit (HU) on the bed of OLTs was measured on CT images and the pattern of osteosclerosis or absorption in the bed was analyzed. In these patients, 25 ankles in 24 patients underwent BMS. They were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of bone marrow edema (BME) one year after surgery, and clinical outcomes were compared. RESULTS HUs in the anterior region were significantly higher than those of other areas. In patients with BMS, the JSSF scale for BME positive group (88.0 ± 7.7 points) was significantly lower than that for BME negative group (95.0 ± 6.1 points) (p < 0.05) at the final follow-up. On preoperative CT images, HU values of the central region in the BME-positive group were significantly lower than those in the BME-negative group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Osteosclerotic changes in the anterior part of the bed were frequently observed, and BMS for the area with low HU values decreased clinical outcomes. BMS should be performed with attention to subchondral bone condition to obtain good clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kawabata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakasa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yasunari Ikuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Junichi Sumii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Akinori Nekomoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan
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Rolak S, Dogra P, McKenzie T, Rivera M, Young WF, Bancos I. Adrenal and juxta-adrenal schwannomas: A single-centre study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023. [PMID: 37143372 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adrenal schwannomas and juxta-adrenal schwannomas are rare tumours. We aimed to summarise their clinical, biochemical and imaging characteristics. DESIGN Single-centre retrospective study of eligible patients between 1995 and 2022. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of adrenal or juxta-adrenal schwannoma. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were diagnosed with either primary adrenal schwannoma (8, 33%) or juxta-adrenal schwannoma (16, 67%). Most tumours (21, 88%) were discovered incidentally on imaging. All tumours were unilateral, with 15 (62%) on the left and 9 (38%) on the right. At diagnosis, the median tumour size was 4 cm (range, 2-13 cm). Adrenal schwannomas were smaller when compared to juxta-adrenal schwannomas (median of 3.1 cm [range, 2-9 cm] vs. 4.6 cm [range, 2.3-13.3 cm], p = .037). On imaging, the tumours were round or oval in shape in 16 (70%), lobulated in 7 (30%), solid in 15 (68%), solid-cystic in 7 (32%), heterogeneous in 14 (61%) and homogeneous in 9 (39%). The median unenhanced computed tomography attenuation was 30 Hounsfield units (HU) (range, 12-38 HU). Of the 20 patients who underwent complete hormonal testing, all had nonfunctioning tumours. There was no recurrence or new tumour development in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS Adrenal and juxta-adrenal schwannomas are nonfunctioning benign tumours that present with indeterminate radiographic features, including large tumour size and increased unenhanced CT attenuation. We did not find an imaging phenotype that was diagnostic of schwannoma. The diagnosis of this rare tumour is based on biopsy or resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Rolak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Prerna Dogra
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Travis McKenzie
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Rivera
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - William F Young
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Irina Bancos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Liu G, Li L, Yang C, Wei L, Li T, Zhu L, Hu J. Hounsfield units predicts the occurrence but not the patterns of proximal humerus fracture in the elderly patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:342. [PMID: 37131243 PMCID: PMC10155427 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased incidence of fragility fractures of the proximal humerus has been reported. Proximal humerus Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements based on computed tomography (CT) scans of the shoulder can be used to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD). It is unknown whether HU values can predict the risk of proximal humerus osteoporotic fracture and /or fracture patterns. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify whether the HU value is associated with proximal humeral osteoporotic fracture risk, and whether or not it has an impact on the complexity of the fracture. METHODS We identified 60 + years old patients' CT scans between 2019 and 2021 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or lack of a fracture in the proximal humerus, meanwhile, patients with fractures were stratified into simple and comminuted fractures based on the Neer classification. HU values were calculated within the proximal humerus and compared between groups using the Student t-test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the ability of HU values to predict fracture. RESULTS A total of 138 patients with proximal humerus fracture (PHF) including 62 simple PHFs and 76 complex PHFs and 138 non-fracture patients were enrolled in the study. The HU values decreased as age increased among all patients. Both male and female patients with PHF had significantly lower HU values compared with non-fracture patients, the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve for males and females was 0.8 and 0.723 respectively. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found between simple and complex fractures of the proximal humerus in the HU values. CONCLUSION Decreasing HU values on CT may be an early warning sign of fracture potential, however, it was not a predictive factor for comminuted fracture of the proximal humerus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Trauma Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Chengzhi Yang
- Department of Trauma Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Trauma Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Juzheng Hu
- Department of Trauma Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Guangxi, 545005, China.
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Chen PH, Nakamura K, Obuchowski N, Juan MCY, Zhang S, Flamm SD, Desai MY, Hovest T, Meese T, Schoenhagen P. Identification of acute aortic syndromes based on cross-sectional variability of Hounsfield units. Int J Cardiol 2023; 382:91-95. [PMID: 37080465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A characteristic feature of communicating aortic dissections (CD) is the dissection flap between the true and false lumen. However, in intramural hematomas (IMH) a flap is not visible. We aimed to determine if cross-sectional HU variability allow reliable identification of aortic dissections including IMH. METHODS We included 362 patients presenting with acute chest pain (CP) or respiratory distress (RD) and underwent contrast-enhanced CTA with or without ECG-gating. In the derivation group we included 72 CP patients with and 74 without AAS. In the validation group we included 108 CP or RD patients with and 108 without AAS. The adventitial border of the aorta was visually identified and measurements were performed at 6 locations along the ascending and descending aorta. At each cross-section 5 circular ROI measurements of HU were made and the maximum HU difference calculated. RESULTS In the derivation and validation group the maximum difference in HUs at any one location was significantly higher for AAS subjects than controls (validation group: median = 128.5 vs. 34.0, p-value Wilcoxon two-sample test <0.001). In the validation group, the estimated AUC was 0.939 with 95% CIs of [0.906, 0.972], indicating that the maximum difference in HUs is a strong predictor of AAS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that cross-sectional variability of Hounsfield Unit reliably identifies aortic dissection including IMH in dedicated ECG-gated aorta scans but also non-gated chest CTs with limited aortic contrast enhancement. These results suggest that this approach could be feasible for an automated algorithm for identification of AAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hao Chen
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kunio Nakamura
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nancy Obuchowski
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Scott D Flamm
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Clinic, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Milind Y Desai
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Clinic, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Torey Hovest
- Cleveland Clinic, Innovations, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thad Meese
- Cleveland Clinic, Innovations, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul Schoenhagen
- Cleveland Clinic, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Clinic, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Jung JH, Kim JK, Kim T, Kim DK. Clinical value of deep vein thrombosis density on lower-extremity CT venography: prediction of pulmonary thromboembolism. Curr Med Imaging 2023:CMIR-EPUB-130699. [PMID: 37038665 DOI: 10.2174/1573405620666230405104312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) can be delayed if the signs and symptoms of patients are nonspecific. INTRODUCTION To assess the clinical value of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) density on computed tomography (CT) venography for predicting PTE. METHOD From 2016 to 2021, patients with DVT diagnosed on lower-extremity CT venography were included. Of these patients, those without PTE were classified into 'DVT-only group' and those with PTE were classified into the 'DVT with PTE group'. The DVT Hounsfield unit (HU) density was measured by drawing free-hand region-of-interests within the thrombus at the most proximal filling defect level. The risk factors associated with PTE were identified by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the value of DVT density for predicting the risk of PTE. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This study included 177 patients with a mean age of 41.7 ± 10.3 years (DVT-only group: 105 patients; DVT with PTE group: 72 patients). DVT density was significantly higher in DVT with the PTE group than DVT-only group (66.8HU ± 8.7 vs. 57.9HU ± 11.1, p < 0.001). The ROC analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity for predicting the risk of PTE were 0.737, 72.2%, and 66.7%, respectively, at a DVT density cutoff of 63.0 HU. On univariate and multivariate analysis, DVT density was the only significant risk factor associated with PTE. CONCLUSION Higher DVT density was a significant risk factor for PTE. In addition, DVT density could be a predictive factor for PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeop Jung
- Department of Radiology, the Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, 13574, Korea
| | - Jin Kyem Kim
- Department of Radiology, the Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, 13574, Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Radiology, the Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, 13574, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Radiology, the Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, 13574, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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Kutleša Z, Jerković K, Ordulj I, Budimir Mršić D. The effect of contrast media on CT measures of bone mineral density: a systematic review. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:687-94. [PMID: 36329255 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to systematically assess the literature on possible effect of administration of iodinated contrast media on CT-estimated bone mineral density (BMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched. Studies that used both CT principles of BMD measurement (volumetric quantitative BMD and CT attenuation in Hounsfield Units) were included. The baseline patient data, skeletal site, contrast medium data (if reported), and change in BMD on contrast-enhanced CT scans were collected. RESULTS Sixteen studies met our review criteria, the majority of which was performed on lumbar spine, and the others on proximal femur. Almost all studies reported a significant increase in BMD values on the contrast-enhanced CT scans, ranging from 0.8 to 30.3%. The increase was most frequently reported to be about 10 to 15% for the spine and 5 to 10% for the femur. In addition to the difference in skeletal site, some authors found the contrast effect was age-, sex-, and contrast dose-dependent. BMD values in arterial phase were generally somewhat lower than in venous phase, and the effect of contrast in venous phase was more predictable. CONCLUSION The review revealed significant changes in BMD values between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT. The change was more pronounced in lumbar spine than in proximal femur and appeared to depend on age, sex, contrast dose, and postcontrast imaging protocol. The review suggests the understanding of all mentioned factors during the interpretation of BMD measured on contrast-enhanced CT.
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Garg M, Johnson H, Lee SM, Rai BP, Somani B, Philip J. Role of Hounsfield Unit in Predicting Outcomes of Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Renal Calculi: Outcomes of a Systematic Review. Curr Urol Rep 2023; 24:173-185. [PMID: 36802317 PMCID: PMC10038959 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-023-01145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy success rates depend on several stone and patient-related factors, one of which is stone density which is calculated on computed tomography scan in Hounsfield Units. Studies have shown inverse correlation between SWL success and HU; however, there remains considerable variation between studies. We performed a systematic review regarding the use of HU in SWL for renal calculi to consolidate the current evidence and address current knowledge gaps. RECENT FINDINGS Database including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from inception through August 2022. Studies in English language analysing stone density/attenuation in adult patients undergoing SWL for renal calculi were included for assessment of Shockwave lithotripsy outcomes, use of stone attenuation to predict success, use of mean and peak stone density and Hounsfield unit density, determination of optimum cut-off values, nomograms/scoring systems, and assessment of stone heterogeneity. 28 studies with a total of 4,206 patients were included in this systematic review with sample size ranging from 30 to 385 patients. Male to female ratio was 1.8, with an average age of 46.3 years. Mean overall ESWL success was 66.5%. Stone size ranged from 4 to 30 mm in diameter. Mean stone density was used by two-third of the studies to predict the appropriate cut-off for SWL success, ranging from 750 to 1000 HU. Additional factors such as peak HU and stone heterogeneity index were also evaluated with variable results. Stone heterogeneity index was considered a better indicator for success in larger stones (cut-off value of 213) and predicting SWL stone clearance in one session. Prediction scores had been attempted, with researchers looking into combining stone density with other factors such as skin to stone distance, stone volume, and differing heterogeneity indices with variable results. Numerous studies demonstrate a link between shockwave lithotripsy outcomes and stone density. Hounsfield unit < 750 has been found to be associated with shockwave lithotripsy success, with likelihood of failure strongly associated with values over 1000. Prospective standardisation of Hounsfield unit measurement and predictive algorithm for shockwave lithotripsy outcome should be considered to strengthen future evidence and help clinicians in the decision making. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database: CRD42020224647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Garg
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, West bury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
| | - Hans Johnson
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, West bury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
| | - Su-min Lee
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, West bury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
| | | | - Bhaskar Somani
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Joe Philip
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, West bury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB UK
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Murata K, Fujibayashi S, Otsuki B, Shimizu T, Matsuda S. Low hounsfield unit values at sagittal section on computed tomography predicts vertebral fracture following short spinal fusion. J Orthop Sci 2023:S0949-2658(23)00078-7. [PMID: 36948903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative identification of osteoporosis during spine surgery is of critical importance. Additionally, the Hounsfield units (HU) measured using computed tomography (CT) have gained considerable attention. This study aimed to propose a more accurate and convenient screening method for predicting vertebral fractures after spinal fusion in elderly patients by analyzing the HU value of different range of interests of thoracolumbar spine. METHODS Our sample pool for analysis consisted of 137 elderly female patients aged >70 years who underwent one- or two-level spinal fusion surgery with a diagnosis of adult degenerative lumbar disease. The HU values of the anterior 1/3 of the vertebral bodies based on sagittal plane and those of vertebral bodies based on axial plane at T11-L5 were measured using the perioperative CT. The incidence of postoperative vertebral fractures with respect to the HU value was investigated. RESULTS Vertebral fractures were identified in 16 patients during the mean follow-up period of 3.8 years. While no significant association was found between HU value of L1 vertebral body or minimum HU value from axial plane and the incidence of the postoperative vertebral fracture, the minimum vertebral HU value of the anterior 1/3 of vertebral body from sagittal plane was associated with the incidence of the postoperative vertebral fracture. Patients with a minimum anterior 1/3 vertebral HU value of <80 had a higher incidence of postoperative vertebral fractures. The adjacent vertebral fractures occurred at the level of the vertebra with the lowest HU value, with a high probability. The existence of the vertebra with a minimum HU value of <80 within two levels of upper instrumented vertebrae was a risk factor for adjacent vertebral fracture. CONCLUSION HU measurement of the anterior 1/3 of vertebral body predicts the risk of vertebral fracture after short spinal fusion surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Fujibayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Bungo Otsuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shimizu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Kim HN, Jeon HJ, Choi HG, Kwon IS, Rou WS, Lee JE, Lee TH, Kim SH, Lee BS, Shin KS, Lee HJ, Eun HS. CT-based Hounsfield unit values reflect the degree of steatohepatitis in patients with low-grade fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 36932382 PMCID: PMC10022198 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. Ultrasound, the most used tool for diagnosing NAFLD, is operator-dependent and shows suboptimal performance in patients with mild steatosis. However, few studies have been conducted on whether alternative noninvasive methods are useful for diagnosing mild hepatic steatosis. Also, little is known about whether noninvasive tests are useful for grading the severity of hepatic steatosis or the degree of intrahepatic inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether the HSI, the FLI and HU values in CT could be used to discriminate mild hepatic steatosis and to evaluate the severity of hepatic steatosis or the degree of intrahepatic inflammation in patients with low-grade fatty liver disease using liver biopsy as a reference standard. METHODS Demographic, laboratory, CT imaging, and histological data of patients who underwent liver resection or biopsy were analyzed. The performance of the HSI, HU values and the FLI for diagnosing mild hepatic steatosis was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Whether the degree of hepatic steatosis and intrahepatic inflammation could be predicted using the HSI, HU values or the FLI was also analyzed. Moreover, we validate the results using magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction as an another reference standard. RESULTS The AUROC for diagnosing mild hepatic steatosis was 0.810 (p < 0.001) for the HSI, 0.732 (p < 0.001) for liver HU value, 0.802 (p < 0.001) for the difference between liver and spleen HU value (L-S HU value) and 0.813 (p < 0.001) for the FLI. Liver HU and L-S HU values were negatively correlated with the percentage of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD activity score (NAS) and significantly different between steatosis grades and between NAS grades. The L-S HU value was demonstrated the good performance for grading the severity of hepatic steatosis and the degree of intrahepatic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The HU values on CT are feasible for stratifying hepatic fat content and evaluating the degree of intrahepatic inflammation, and the HSI and the FLI demonstrated good performance with high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing mild hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Neul Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, 266 Munwha-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jae Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20, Bodeum 7-Ro, Sejong, 30099, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei Gwon Choi
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, 266 Munwha-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sun Kwon
- Statistical Consultation of Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sun Rou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20, Bodeum 7-Ro, Sejong, 30099, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daegu Health College, Chang-Ui Building, 15 Yeongsong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Daegu, 41453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Shin
- Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munwha-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Z, Zhong Z, Feng H, Mei J, Feng X, Wang B, Sun L. The impact of disease time, cervical alignment and range of motion on cervical vertebral Hounsfield unit value in surgery patients with cervical spondylosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:187. [PMID: 36899400 PMCID: PMC9999622 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This study was a retrospective review. OBJECTIVE Bone mineral density (BMD) at the surgical site is associated with complications of surgical internal fixation, and it is very important to study the cervical BMD of patients with cervical spondylosis who need surgery and the related factors that affect cervical BMD. It is still unclear about the age-related influence of disease time, cervical alignment and range of motion (ROM) on cervical vertebral Hounsfield unit (HU) value. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent cervical surgery at one institution between January 2014 and December 2021. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), disease type, comorbidities, neck pain, disease time, C2-7 Cobb angle (CA), cervical ROM and the C2-C7 vertebral HU value were recorded. The association between cervical HU value and each parameter of interest was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relative influence of the multiple factors on cervical vertebral HU value. RESULTS Among patients younger than 50 years old, the HU value of the cervical vertebral in females was higher than that of males, but after the age of 50 years, the value of females was lower than that of males and decreased significantly after 60 years old. In addition, cervical HU value was significantly correlated with the disease time, flexion CA and ROM. Our age-related subgroup of multivariate linear regression analyses shows that disease time and flexion CA negatively affected the C6-7 HU value in more than 60-year-old males and in more than 50-year-old females. CONCLUSIONS Disease time and flexion CA were negatively affecting the C6-7 HU values in more than 60-year-old males and in more than 50-year-old females. More attention should be paid to bone quality in cervical spondylosis patients with longer disease time and larger convex of flexion CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zaowei Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haoyu Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoning Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Beiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China. .,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Oda M, Yamaura K, Ishii H, Kitamura N, Tazawa R, Abe M, Tatsumi K, Eda R, Kondoh S, Morimoto K, Tanaka T, Yamaguchi E, Takahashi A, Izumi S, Sugiyama H, Nakagawa A, Tomii K, Suzuki M, Konno S, Ohkouchi S, Tode N, Handa T, Hirai T, Inoue Y, Arai T, Asakawa K, Tanaka T, Takada T, Nonaka H, Nakata K. Quantitative Evaluation of Changes in Three-Dimensional CT Density Distributions in Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis after GM-CSF Inhalation. Respiration 2023; 102:101-109. [PMID: 36502800 DOI: 10.1159/000528038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous clinical trial for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP) demonstrated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhalation reduced the mean density of the lung field on computed tomography (CT) across 18 axial slice planes at a two-dimensional level. In contrast, in this study, we challenged three-dimensional analysis for changes in CT density distribution using the same datasets. METHODS As a sub-study of the trial, CT data of 31 and 27 patients who received GM-CSF and placebo, respectively, were analyzed. To overcome the difference between various shooting conditions, a newly developed automatic lung field segmentation algorithm was applied to CT data to extract the whole lung volume, and the accuracy of the segmentation was evaluated by five pulmonary physicians independently. For normalization, the percent pixel (PP) in a certain density range was calculated as a percentage of the total number of pixels from -1,000 to 0 HU. RESULTS The automatically segmented images revealed that the lung field was accurately extracted except for 7 patients with minor deletion or addition. Using the change in PP from baseline to week 25 (ΔPP) as the vertical axis, we created a histogram with 143 HU bins set for each patient. The most significant difference in ΔPP between GM-CSF and placebo groups was observed in two ranges: from -1,000 to -857 and -143 to 0 HU. CONCLUSION Whole lung extraction followed by density histogram analysis of ΔPP may be an appropriate evaluation method for assessing CT improvement in APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Oda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Kentaro Yamaura
- Knowledge Mining Laboratory, Information & Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ryushi Tazawa
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Health Administration Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Abe
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Eda
- Kurashiki Municipal Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | | | - Konosuke Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Etsuro Yamaguchi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Ayumu Takahashi
- Hakodate National Hospital, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Shinyu Izumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhito Sugiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Tomii
- Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohkouchi
- Department of Respiratory, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Tode
- Department of Respiratory, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Handa
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Arai
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Asakawa
- Department of Respiratory medicine, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Nonaka
- Knowledge Mining Laboratory, Information & Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Koh Nakata
- Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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Shin SY, Shen TC, Wank SA, Summers RM. Improving Small Lesion Segmentation in CT Scans using Intensity Distribution Supervision: Application to Small Bowel Carcinoid Tumor. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2023; 12465:124651S. [PMID: 37124052 PMCID: PMC10139734 DOI: 10.1117/12.2651979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Finding small lesions is very challenging due to lack of noticeable features, severe class imbalance, as well as the size itself. One approach to improve small lesion segmentation is to reduce the region of interest and inspect it at a higher sensitivity rather than performing it for the entire region. It is usually implemented as sequential or joint segmentation of organ and lesion, which requires additional supervision on organ segmentation. Instead, we propose to utilize an intensity distribution of a target lesion at no additional labeling cost to effectively separate regions where the lesions are possibly located from the background. It is incorporated into network training as an auxiliary task. We applied the proposed method to segmentation of small bowel carcinoid tumors in CT scans. We observed improvements for all metrics (33.5% → 38.2%, 41.3% → 47.8%, 30.0% → 35.9% for the global, per case, and per tumor Dice scores, respectively.) compared to the baseline method, which proves the validity of our idea. Our method can be one option for explicitly incorporating intensity distribution information of a target in network training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Shin
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas C. Shen
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen A. Wank
- Digestive Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald M. Summers
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Xu G, Wang D, Zhang H, Xu C, Li H, Zhang W, Li J, Zhang L, Tang P. Prediction of osteoporosis from proximal femoral cortical bone thickness and Hounsfield unit value with clinical significance. Front Surg 2023; 9:1047603. [PMID: 36684322 PMCID: PMC9852615 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1047603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Utilizing dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess bone mineral density (BMD) was not routine in many clinical scenarios, leading to missed diagnoses of osteoporosis. The objective of this study is to obtain effective parameters from hip computer tomography (CT) to screen patients with osteoporosis and predict their clinical outcomes. Methods A total of 375 patients with hip CT scans for intertrochanteric fracture were included. Among them, 56 patients possessed the data of both hip CT scans and DXA and were settled as a training group. The cortical bone thickness (CTh) and Hounsfield unit (HU) values were abstracted from 31 regions of interest (ROIs) of the proximal femur. In the training group, the correlations between these parameters and BMD were investigated, and their diagnostic efficiency of osteoporosis was assessed. Finally, 375 patients were divided into osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic groups based on the optimal cut-off values, and the clinical difference between subgroups was evaluated. Results The CTh value of ROI 21 and the HU value of ROI 14 were moderately correlated with the hip BMD [r = 0.475 and 0.445 (p < 0.001), respectively]. The best diagnostic effect could be obtained by defining osteoporosis as CTh value < 3.19 mm in ROI 21 or HU value < 424.97 HU in ROI 14, with accuracies of 0.821 and 0.883, sensitivities of 84% and 76%, and specificities of 71% and 87%, respectively. The clinical outcome of the nonosteoporotic group was better than that of the osteoporotic group regardless of the division criteria. Conclusion The CTh and HU values of specific cortex sites in the proximal femur were positively correlated with BMD of DXA at the hip. Thresholds for osteoporosis based on CTh and HU values could be utilized to screen osteoporosis and predict clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Xu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Daofeng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wupeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Correspondence: Peifu Tang Licheng Zhang Jiantao Li
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Correspondence: Peifu Tang Licheng Zhang Jiantao Li
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Correspondence: Peifu Tang Licheng Zhang Jiantao Li
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Dogra P, Navin PJ, McKenzie TJ, Foster T, Dy B, Lyden M, Young WF, Bancos I. Clinical, imaging and biochemical presentation of cystic pheochromocytomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023; 98:32-40. [PMID: 35445428 PMCID: PMC9585148 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic adrenal mass is a rare imaging presentation of pheochromocytoma. We aimed to describe the clinical, biochemical and imaging characteristics of patients with cystic pheochromocytoma. DESIGN Single-centre, retrospective study, 2000-2020. PATIENTS Consecutive patients with cystic pheochromocytoma were identified from our institutional pathology and adrenal tumour database. RESULTS Of the 638 patients with pheochromocytomas, 21 (3.2%) had cystic pheochromocytomas (median age: 57 years, 57% women). Most pheochromocytomas were discovered incidentally (57%) or due to symptoms of catecholamine excess (24%). The median tumour size was 6.4 cm. On imaging, cystic pheochromocytomas were round or oval (90%), heterogeneous lesions (86%) with a thick solid rim (median rim thickness 13.9 mm, unenhanced computed tomography (CT) attenuation 40 Hounsfield units (HU), venous-phase CT attenuation 83 HU), and a median cystic component of 40% (unenhanced CT attenuation 17.6 HU, venous-phase CT attenuation 20.4 HU), and rarely with calcifications (15%). All 20 patients with biochemical testing had functioning tumours (adrenergic in 80%, noradrenergic in 20%). Total urinary metanephrine excretion correlated with the volume of the solid component (R2 = .75, p < .0001) but not the cystic component (R2 = .04, p = .4386). All patients underwent adrenalectomy (48% laparoscopic, 52% open), and the median duration of hospital stay was 4 days. CONCLUSIONS Cystic pheochromocytomas are rare, large tumours with a phenotypic appearance that can masquerade as other adrenal cystic lesions. The degree of biochemical abnormality in cystic pheochromocytomas is associated with the volume of the solid component. All patients with adrenal cysts that have a solid component or an unenhanced attenuation >10 HU should undergo biochemical testing for pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Dogra
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benzon Dy
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melanie Lyden
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William F. Young
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irina Bancos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Güler Y. Non-contrast computed tomography-based factors in predicting ESWL success: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Urol 2023; 33:27-47. [PMID: 36202729 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the efficacy of some predictive factors that can be measured with non-contrast computed tomography and may affect ESWL success with a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS All data sources were broadly investigated up to April 2022. Data were extracted from the relevant studies and analyzed with RevMan software. In a random effects model, standard mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio (RR) values were given with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In total, pooled analysis included 7148 patients in 43 studies. The combined effect estimate showed significant differences between the ESWL success and ESWL failure groups in terms of Hounsfield unit (HU), Hounsfield density (HD), skin to stone distance (SSD), ureteral wall thickness (UWT), stone volume, stone area, abdominal fat parameters, diameter of proximal ureter, and hydronephrosis. However, perinephric stranding and renal cortical thickness were not found to be statistically significant between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS HU, HD, SSD, UWT, stone volume, stone area, abdominal fat parameters, diameter of proximal ureter and hydronephrosis are effective factors for prediction of ESWL success. It is important to decide on treatment before the procedure for stones with appropriate diameter for ESWL.
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Cho J, Ryu S, Jang HJ, Park JY, Ha Y, Kuh SU, Chin DK, Kim KS, Cho YE, Kim KH. Clinical Effect of Transverse Process Hook with K-Means Clustering-Based Stratification of Computed Tomography Hounsfield Unit at Upper Instrumented Vertebra Level in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2023; 66:44-52. [PMID: 36050868 PMCID: PMC9837488 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2022.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transverse process (TP) hook system at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) for preventing screw pullout in adult spinal deformity surgery using the pedicle Hounsfield unit (HU) stratification based on K-means clustering. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 74 patients who underwent deformity correction surgery between 2011 and 2020 and were followed up for >12 months. Pre- and post-operative data were used to determine the incidence of screw pullout, UIV TP hook implementation, vertebral body HU, pedicle HU, and patient outcomes. Data was then statistically analyzed for assessment of efficacy and risk prediction using stratified HU at UIV level alongside the effect of the TP hook system. RESULTS The screw pullout rate was 36.4% (27/74). Perioperative radiographic parameters were not significantly different between the pullout and non-pullout groups. The vertebral body HU and pedicle HU were significantly lower in the pullout group. K-means clustering stratified the vertebral body HU ≥205.3, <137.2, and pedicle HU ≥243.43, <156.03. The pullout rate significantly decreases in patients receiving the hook system when the pedicle HU was from ≥156.03 to < 243.43 (p<0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant in the vertebra HU stratified groups and when pedicle HU was ≥243.43 or <156.03. The postoperative clinical outcomes improved significantly with the implementation of the hook system. CONCLUSION The UIV hook provides better clinical outcomes and can be considered a preventative strategy for screw-pullout in the certain pedicle HU range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjun Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Health Insurance Service Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Ha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Uk Kuh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Chin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Su Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Stowers JM, Black AT, Kavanagh AM, Mata KDL, Eshetu T. Bone Density by Specific Anatomic Location Using Hounsfield Samples of the Lower Extremity: A Multi-center Retrospective Analysis. J Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 62:80-84. [PMID: 35738992 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding bone mineral density and its effects on patient outcomes is a useful tool for lower extremity surgeons. Historically, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans have been the gold standard for quantifying bone mineral density. In this study, we look at an indirect way to measure bone mineral density using Hounsfield units on computed tomography. The aim of this study is to establish normal physiological Hounsfield ranges in specific bones of the foot by analyzing Hounsfield unit measurements and determining associated factors. We hypothesize that there will be a difference in density based on age, sex, and anatomic location. Patient data from January 2010 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed from 2 institutions. Nine anatomic locations (calcaneus, talar body, talar head, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, head of first and fifth metatarsal, and base of first proximal phalanx) were measured for bone mineral density averages. In total, 137 patients were evaluated (71 males, 66 females) with an average age of 54 years. Significant differences in density were found between the 9 anatomic locations. Age was confirmed to be a significant covariate with inverse relation to Hounsfield units, p < .001. There were no density differences between sexes at any of the locations, except the talar head, p < .001. This is the first study to our knowledge to establish normal physiological ranges of bone density on computed tomography for specific anatomic locations of the foot. This quantitative approach to bone density and the established effect of age, sex, and location is pivotal for diagnostic and preoperative planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jered M Stowers
- Fellowship Trained Foot and Ankle Surgeon, Foot and Ankle Specialists of Central Ohio, Columbus, OH.
| | - Alexandra T Black
- Fellowship Trained Foot and Ankle Surgeon, Foot and Ankle Specialists of Central Ohio, Columbus, OH
| | - Amber M Kavanagh
- Senior Resident Physician, Department of Plastics Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Karla De La Mata
- Resident Physician, Department of Podiatric Surgery, Northwell Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Tefera Eshetu
- Biostatistician, Department of Plastics Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
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Zhang J, Zhou R, Luo X, Dai Z, Qu G, Li J, Wu P, Yuan X, Li J, Jiang W, Zhang Z. Routine chest CT combined with the osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA): a screening tool for patients with osteoporosis. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 52:1169-1178. [PMID: 36520217 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA) is a common screening tool for osteoporosis. The seventh thoracic CT (CT-T7) Hounsfield unit (HU) measured by chest CT correlates with osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of OSTA alone, CT-T7 alone, or the combination of OSTA and CT-T7 in osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 1268 participants were grouped into 586 men and 682 women. We established multiple linear regression models by combining CT-T7 and OSTA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the ability to diagnose osteoporosis. RESULTS In the male group, the mean age was 59.02 years, and 108 patients (18.4%) had osteoporosis. In the female group, the mean age was 63.23 years, and 308 patients (45.2%) had osteoporosis. By ROC curve comparison, the CT-T7 (male, AUC = 0.789, 95% CI 0.745-0.832; female, AUC = 0.835, 95% CI 0.805-0.864) in the diagnosis of osteoporosis was greater than the OSTA (male, AUC = 0.673, 95% CI 0.620-0.726; female, AUC = 0.775, 95% CI 0.741-0.810) in both the male and female groups (p < 0.001). When OSTA was combined with CT, the equation of multiple linear regression (MLR) was obtained as follows: female = 3.020-0.028*OSTA-0.004*CT-T7. In the female group, it was found that the AUC of MLR (AUC = 0.853, 95% CI 0.825-0.880) in the diagnosis of osteoporosis was larger than that of CT-T7 (p < 0.01). When the MLR was 2.65, the sensitivity and specificity were 53.9% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSION For a patient who has completed chest CT, CT-T7 (HU) combined with OSTA is recommended to identify the high-risk population of osteoporosis, and it has a higher diagnostic value than OSTA alone or CT-T7 alone, especially among females. For a female with MLR greater than 2.65, further DXA examination is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.,Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruiling Zhou
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.,Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengzai Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.,Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gaoyang Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.,Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.,Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pengyun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.,Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuhui Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.,Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.,Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.,Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.
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