1
|
Hallmarks of Cancer Affected by the MIF Cytokine Family. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020395. [PMID: 36672343 PMCID: PMC9856758 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
New diagnostic methods and treatments have significantly decreased the mortality rates of cancer patients, but further improvements are warranted based on the identification of novel tumor-promoting molecules that can serve as therapeutic targets. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family of cytokines, comprising MIF and DDT (also known as MIF2), are overexpressed in almost all cancer types, and their high expressions are related to a worse prognosis for the patients. MIF is involved in 9 of the 10 hallmarks of cancer, and its inhibition by antibodies, nanobodies, or small synthetic molecules has shown promising results. Even though DDT is also proposed to be involved in several of the hallmarks of cancer, the available information about its pro-tumoral role and mechanism of action is more limited. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of both MIF and DDT in cancer, and we propose that blocking both cytokines is needed to obtain the maximum anti-tumor response.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wirtz TH, Saal A, Bergmann I, Fischer P, Heinrichs D, Brandt EF, Koenen MT, Djudjaj S, Schneider KM, Boor P, Bucala R, Weiskirchen R, Bernhagen J, Trautwein C, Berres ML. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor exerts pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects via CD74 in murine hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4452-4467. [PMID: 34250589 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory and chemokine-like protein expressed in different inflammatory diseases as well as solid tumours. CD74-as the cognate MIF receptor-was identified as an important target of MIF. We here analysed the role of MIF and CD74 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Multilocular HCC was induced using the diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride (DEN/CCl4 ) model in hepatocyte-specific Mif knockout (Mif Δhep ), Cd74-deficient, and control mice. Tumour burden was compared between the genotypes. MIF, CD74 and Ki67 expression were investigated in tumour and surrounding tissue. In vitro, the effects of the MIF/CD74 axis on the proliferative and apoptotic behaviour of hepatoma cells and respective signalling pathways were assessed after treatment with MIF and anti-CD74 antibodies. KEY RESULTS DEN/CCl4 treatment of Mif Δhep mice resulted in reduced tumour burden and diminished proliferation capacity within tumour tissue. In vitro, MIF stimulated proliferation of Hepa 1-6 and HepG2 cells, inhibited therapy-induced cell death and induced ERK activation. The investigated effects could be reversed using a neutralizing anti-CD74 antibody, and Cd74-/- mice developed fewer tumours associated with decreased proliferation rates. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We identified a pro-tumorigenic role of MIF during proliferation and therapy-induced apoptosis of HCC cells. These effects were mediated via the MIF cognate receptor CD74. Thus, inhibition of the MIF/CD74 axis could represent a promising target with regard to new pharmacological therapies aimed at HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H Wirtz
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alena Saal
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irina Bergmann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Fischer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Heinrichs
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa F Brandt
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria T Koenen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai M Schneider
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Ludwig Maximilian-University (LMU) and LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145 SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Berres
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin L, Qin J, Lv X, Yin C, Zhang Q, Zhang J. MIF promoter polymorphism increases peripheral blood expression levels, contributing to increased susceptibility and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:549. [PMID: 34093770 PMCID: PMC8170199 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. The etiology and pathogenesis of HCC remain unclear. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The association between MIF polymorphisms and its expression level in HCC has rarely been demonstrated. In the present study, the peripheral blood of 202 patients with HCC (HCC group), 242 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB group), 215 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC group) and 227 healthy volunteers (normal group) were collected, DNA was extracted and the target fragment of MIF gene was amplified using PCR. The products were then sequenced, and the expression levels of MIF protein were tested using ELISA. The results showed that the MIF rs755622 polymorphism was associated with an increased susceptibility and metastasis of HCC, and that the genotypes GC and CC were associated with poor prognosis of HCC. Compared with the normal, CHB and LC groups, the expression of MIF in the peripheral blood of the HCC group was significantly increased, and the high expression was associated with to poor prognosis. In the HCC group, MIF protein levels for genotypes GC and CC were increased compared with those of genotype GG. The current study indicated that the MIF rs755622 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility and metastasis of HCC, and that the GC and CC genotypes may be indicators of poor prognosis, which may be ascribed to the MIF rs755622 polymorphism leading to elevated MIF protein expression in peripheral blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Jinmei Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Caiqiao Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Qian'e Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Jiqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gonzalez E, Azkargorta M, Garcia-Vallicrosa C, Prieto-Elordui J, Elortza F, Blanco-Sampascual S, Falcon-Perez JM. Could protein content of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles be useful to detect Cirrhosis in Alcoholic Liver Disease? Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1864-1877. [PMID: 34131392 PMCID: PMC8193259 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse has a high impact on the mortality and morbidity related to a great number of diseases and is responsible for the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). It remains challenging to detect and evaluate its severity, which is crucial for prognosis. In this work, we studied if urinary EVs (uEVs) could serve in diagnose and evaluate cirrhosis in ALD. To this purpose, uEVs characterization by cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and Western blotting (WB) was performed in a cohort of 21 controls and 21 cirrhotic patients. Then, proteomics of uEVs was carried out in a second cohort of 6 controls and 8 patients in order to identify new putative biomarkers for cirrhosis in ALD. Interestingly, uEVs concentration, size and protein composition were altered in cirrhotic patients. From a total of 1304 proteins identified in uEVs, 90 of them were found to be altered in cirrhotic patients. The results suggest that uEVs could be considered as a tool and a supplier of new biomarkers for cirrhosis in ALD, whose application would be especially relevant in chronic patients. Yet, further research is necessary to obtain more relevant result in clinical terms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Gonzalez
- Exosomes Laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Clara Garcia-Vallicrosa
- Exosomes Laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wirtz TH, Loosen SH, Schulze-Hagen M, Gorgulho J, Kandler J, Joerdens M, Demir M, Mohr R, Bruners P, Kuhl C, Trautwein C, Berres ML, Tacke F, Luedde T, Roderburg C. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor predicts an unfavorable outcome after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatic malignancies. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1853-1863. [PMID: 33787014 PMCID: PMC8504849 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a therapeutic option for patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastatic liver cancers. Identifying those patients who particularly benefit from TACE remains challenging. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) represents is an inflammatory protein described in patients with liver cancer, but no data on its prognostic relevance in patients undergoing TACE exist. Here, we evaluate MIF serum concentrations as a potential biomarker in patients undergoing TACE for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. MIF serum concentrations were measured by multiplex immunoassay in 50 patients (HCC: n = 39, liver metastases: n = 11) before and 1 day after TACE as well as in 51 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of MIF did not differ between patients and healthy controls. Interestingly, in the subgroup of patients with larger tumor size, significantly more patients had increased MIF concentrations. Patients with an objective tumor response to TACE therapy showed comparable concentrations of serum MIF compared to patients who did not respond. MIF concentrations at day 1 after TACE were significantly higher compared to baseline concentrations. Importantly, baseline MIF concentrations above the optimal cutoff value (0.625 ng/ml) turned out as a significant and independent prognostic marker for a reduced overall survival (OS) following TACE: patients with elevated MIF concentrations showed a significantly reduced median OS of only 719 days compared to patients below the cutoff value (median OS: 1430 days, p = 0.021). Baseline MIF serum concentrations are associated with tumor size of intrahepatic malignancies and predict outcome of patients with liver cancer receiving TACE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H Wirtz
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven H Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Max Schulze-Hagen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joao Gorgulho
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennis Kandler
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Joerdens
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Bruners
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiane Kuhl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Berres
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen HL, Chen YH, Du L, Song YP, Zhu B. Elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels are associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arab J Gastroenterol 2021; 22:12-22. [PMID: 33551350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The relationship between the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgical resection remains unknown. This study aims to assess this relationship. PATIENTS AND METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were systematically utilised. Meta-analysis was conducted for the outcomes of the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and the overall survival (OS) by comparing the high AFP group with the low AFP group. RESULTS The studies included 61 manuscripts with 35,461 patients. The summary hazard ratio (HR) for RFS was 1.501 (95% CI 1.355-1.662; Z = 7.81, P < 0.00001) when comparing the high AFP group with the low AFP group. Sensitivity analysis only included adjusted HRs, with the summary HR being 1.563 (95% CI 1.381-1.768; Z = 7.10, P < 0.00001). The summary HR for OS was 1.565 (95% CI 1.439-1.701; Z = 10.52, P < 0.00001) when comparing two AFP groups. Sensitivity analysis showed that the summary HR was 1.611 (95% CI 1.456-1.782; Z = 9.24, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis indicated that elevated serum AFP levels are associated with poor prognosis of HCC after surgical resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin Chen
- Nantong University, School of Public Health, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Du
- Nantong University, School of Public Health, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Ping Song
- Nantong University, School of Public Health, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klemke L, De Oliveira T, Witt D, Winkler N, Bohnenberger H, Bucala R, Conradi LC, Schulz-Heddergott R. Hsp90-stabilized MIF supports tumor progression via macrophage recruitment and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:155. [PMID: 33542244 PMCID: PMC7862487 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream regulator of innate immunity, but its expression is increased in some cancers via stabilization with HSP90-associated chaperones. Here, we show that MIF stabilization is tumor-specific in an acute colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model, leading to tumor-specific functions and selective therapeutic vulnerabilities. Therefore, we demonstrate that a Mif deletion reduced CRC tumor growth. Further, we define a dual role for MIF in CRC tumor progression. Mif deletion protects mice from inflammation-associated tumor initiation, confirming the action of MIF on host inflammatory pathways; however, macrophage recruitment, neoangiogenesis, and proliferative responses are reduced in Mif-deficient tumors once the tumors are established. Thus, during neoplastic transformation, the function of MIF switches from a proinflammatory cytokine to an angiogenesis promoting factor within our experimental model. Mechanistically, Mif-containing tumor cells regulate angiogenic gene expression via a MIF/CD74/MAPK axis in vitro. Clinical correlation studies of CRC patients show the shortest overall survival for patients with high MIF levels in combination with CD74 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 to reduce MIF levels decreased tumor growth in vivo, and selectively reduced the growth of organoids derived from murine and human tumors without affecting organoids derived from healthy epithelial cells. Therefore, novel, clinically relevant Hsp90 inhibitors provide therapeutic selectivity by interfering with tumorigenic MIF in tumor epithelial cells but not in normal cells. Furthermore, Mif-depleted colonic tumor organoids showed growth defects compared to wild-type organoids and were less susceptible toward HSP90 inhibitor treatment. Our data support that tumor-specific stabilization of MIF promotes CRC progression and allows MIF to become a potential and selective therapeutic target in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Klemke
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago De Oliveira
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daria Witt
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Richard Bucala
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Epidemiology & Public Health, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shao C, Hedberg C, Qian Y. In Vivo Imaging of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Liver Cancer with an Activity-Based Probe. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2152-2159. [PMID: 33406831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a vital cytokine and biomarker, has been suggested to closely associate with the pathogenesis of liver cancer. However, a simple and effective approach for monitoring the change and distribution of cellular MIF is currently lacking and urgently needed, which could be helpful for a better understanding of its role in the progression of cancer. Herein, we report a novel activity-based probe, TPP2, which allows for direct labeling and imaging of endogenous MIF activity within live cells, clinical tissues, and in vivo in a mouse model of liver cancer. With this probe, we have intuitively observed the dynamic change of intracellular MIF activity by both flow cytometry and confocal imaging. We further found that TPP2 permits the identification and distinguishing of liver cancer in vitro and in vivo with high sensitivity and selectivity toward MIF. Our observations indicate that TPP2 could provide a promising new imaging approach for elucidating the MIF-related biological functions in liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenwen Shao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210046, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Christian Hedberg
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Centre (KBC), Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Yong Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210046, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
An HJ, Koh HM, Lee JS, Song DH. Prognostic role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23277. [PMID: 33327252 PMCID: PMC7738049 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that mediates the interaction between malignant cells and the innate immune system. Recently, MIF has received attention for its role in tumorigenesis. We evaluated the prognostic role of MIF in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC).A total of 152 patients, who underwent nephrectomy for CCRCC were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarray blocks containing 298 cores-2 cores per CCRCC patient was performed. The relationship between MIF expression and clinicopathological factors was evaluated. Total RNA and protein were extracted from 7 RCC (renal cell carcinoma) cell lines. MIF was knocked down in Caki-2 cells, and a wound healing assay was performed to evaluate migratory activity.Among the 298 cores, 180 (60.4%) were positive for MIF. Multivariate analysis, showed that, CCRCC patients with negative MIF expression exhibited poor disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.087, 95% confidence interval: 0.821-5.307, P value: .023) and poor disease-specific survival (hazard ratio: 2.101, 95% confidence interval: 1.009-4.374, P value: .047). The wound healing assay revealed that cell confluence was lower in MIF-deficient Caki-2 cells than in control cells.Negative MIF expression might be an independent prognostic marker for patients with CCRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung An
- Department of pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Koh
- Department of pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon
| | - Jong Sil Lee
- Department of pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Song
- Department of pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amin MN, Siddiqui SA, Ibrahim M, Hakim ML, Ahammed MS, Kabir A, Sultana F. Inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120965752. [PMID: 33194199 PMCID: PMC7594225 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120965752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are highly inducible small glycoproteins or regulatory proteins of low molecular weight secreted by different cell types. They regulate intercellular communication and mediate a number of physiological functions in the human immune system. Numerous prospective studies report that inflammatory cytokines strongly predict coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other adverse cardiac events. Inflammatory cascade is believed to be a causative factor in the development of atherosclerotic process. Several aspects of atherogenesis are accelerated by cytokines. This article provides an overall overview of current understanding of cytokines in various cardiovascular events. Besides, inflammatory cytokines trigger cellular events that can induce malignancy and carcinogenesis. Elevated expression of several cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage migration inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor-β are involved in tumor initiation and progression. Thus, they exert a pivotal role in cancer pathogenesis. This review highlights the role of several cytokines in various events of tumorigenesis. Actually, this article summarizes the contributions of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar
University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research
Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar
University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research
Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ibrahim
- College of Medicine, University of South
Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Md Lukman Hakim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Salim Ahammed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Information Technology and Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar
University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research
Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar
University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research
Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach against triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:774. [PMID: 32943608 PMCID: PMC7498597 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined as loss of estrogen, progesterone, and Her2 receptors, is a subtype of highly aggressive breast cancer with worse prognosis and poor survival rate. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine aberrantly expressed in many solid tumors and known to promote tumor progression and metastasis. However, its role in TNBC progression and metastasis is unexplored. Here we have shown that in TNBC patients, MIF expression was significantly enriched in the tumor compared to adjacent normal tissue. Using publically available patient datasets, we showed that MIF overexpression correlates with worse survival in TNBC compared to other hormonal status. Orthotopic implantation of TNBC cells into MIF knockout mice showed reduced tumor growth compared to wild-type mice. In addition, we have shown that MIF downregulation inhibits TNBC growth and progression in a syngeneic mouse model. We further showed that CPSI-1306, a small-molecule MIF inhibitor, inhibits the growth of TNBC cells in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that CPSI-1306 induces intrinsic apoptosis by alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c (Cyt c) release, and activation of different caspases. In addition, CPSI-1306 inhibits the activation of cell survival and proliferation-related molecules. CPSI-1306 treatment also reduced the tumor growth and metastasis in orthotopic mouse models of mammary carcinoma. CPSI-1306 treatment of tumor-bearing mice significantly inhibited TNBC growth and pulmonary metastasis in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analysis of xenograft tumors revealed a higher number of apoptotic cells in CPSI-1306-treated tumors compared to vehicle controls. Our studies, for the first time, show that MIF overexpression in TNBC enhances growth and metastasis. Taken together, our results indicate that using small molecular weight MIF inhibitors could be a promising strategy to inhibit TNBC progression and metastasis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abu El-Asrar AM, Ahmad A, Siddiquei MM, De Zutter A, Allegaert E, Gikandi PW, De Hertogh G, Van Damme J, Opdenakker G, Struyf S. The Proinflammatory and Proangiogenic Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is a Potential Regulator in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2752. [PMID: 31866994 PMCID: PMC6904364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)/CD74 signaling pathway is strongly implicated in inflammation and angiogenesis. We investigated the expression of MIF and its receptor CD74 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) to reveal a possible role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of PDR. Levels of MIF, soluble (s)CD74, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly increased in the vitreous from patients with PDR compared to nondiabetic control samples. We detected significant positive correlations between the levels of MIF and the levels of sICAM-1 (r = 0.43; p = 0.001) and VEGF (r = 0.7; p < 0.001). Through immunohistochemical analysis of PDR epiretinal membranes, significant positive correlations were also found between microvessel density (CD31 expression) and the numbers of blood vessels expressing MIF (r = 0.56; p = 0.045) and stromal cells expressing MIF (r = 0.79; p = 0.001) and CD74 (r = 0.59; p = 0.045). Similar to VEGF, MIF was induced in Müller cells cultured under hypoxic conditions and MIF induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and VEGF production in Müller cells. Intravitreal administration of MIF in normal rats induced increased retinal vascular permeability and significant upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2, NF-κB, ICAM-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in the retina. MIF induced migration and proliferation of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. These results suggest that MIF/CD74 signaling is involved in PDR angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alexandra De Zutter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Allegaert
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priscilla W Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Zheng M, Pang X, Zhang M, Yu X, Wu J, Gao X, Wu J, Yang X, Tang Y, Tang Y, Liang X. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma through matrix metalloprotein‐2/9. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1809-1821. [PMID: 31219646 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sha‐Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Stomatolog, Zhoushan HospitalWenzhou Medical University Zhoushan Zhejiang China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xiang‐Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jing‐Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xiao‐Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jia‐Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Ya‐Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong University Qingdao China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ya‐Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xin‐Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
De R, Sarkar S, Mazumder S, Debsharma S, Siddiqui AA, Saha SJ, Banerjee C, Nag S, Saha D, Pramanik S, Bandyopadhyay U. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulates mitochondrial dynamics and cell growth of human cancer cell lines through CD74-NF-κB signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19740-19760. [PMID: 30366984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The indispensable role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in cancer cell proliferation is unambiguous, although which specific roles the cytokine plays to block apoptosis by preserving cell growth is still obscure. Using different cancer cell lines (AGS, HepG2, HCT116, and HeLa), here we report that the silencing of MIF severely deregulated mitochondrial structural dynamics by shifting the balance toward excess fission, besides inducing apoptosis with increasing sub-G0 cells. Furthermore, enhanced mitochondrial Bax translocation along with cytochrome c release, down-regulation of Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 as well as up-regulation of Bad, Bax, and p53 indicated the activation of a mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis upon MIF silencing. The data also indicate a concerted down-regulation of Opa1 and Mfn1 along with a significant elevation of Drp1, cumulatively causing mitochondrial fragmentation upon MIF silencing. Up-regulation of Drp1 was found to be further coupled with fissogenic serine 616 phosphorylation and serine 637 dephosphorylation, thus ensuring enhanced mitochondrial translocation. Interestingly, MIF silencing was found to be associated with decreased NF-κB activation. In fact, NF-κB knockdown in turn increased mitochondrial fission and cell death. In addition, the silencing of CD74, the cognate receptor of MIF, remarkably increased mitochondrial fragmentation in addition to preventing cell proliferation, inducing mitochondrial depolarization, and increasing apoptotic cell death. This indicates the active operation of a MIF-regulated CD74-NF-κB signaling axis for maintaining mitochondrial stability and cell growth. Thus, we propose that MIF, through CD74, constitutively activates NF-κB to control mitochondrial dynamics and stability for promoting carcinogenesis via averting apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudranil De
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Mazumder
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Asim Azhar Siddiqui
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubhra Jyoti Saha
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmoy Banerjee
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shiladitya Nag
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Debanjan Saha
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Pramanik
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharaf-Eldein M, Elghannam D, Abdel-Malak C. MIF-173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism as a risk factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia development in children. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3044. [PMID: 29996006 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine modulating monocyte motility and a pleiotropic regulator of different biological and cellular processes. The MIF-173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism is found in the promoter region and affects its activity. The present study investigated the MIF polymorphism as a risk factor for the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Egyptian children. METHODS We analyzed the MIF-173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism in 180 ALL cases and 150 healthy control children by amplification of the gene using a polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction endonuclease digestion and running on an agarose gel for visualization of the product. RESULTS We found a significant incidence of the homozygous polymorphic (CC) genotype and the combined polymorphic genotypes (GC + CC) in ALL patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively), whereas the wild-type genotype (GG) was more common in healthy controls (p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjustment for MIF different genotypes and other potential risk factors such as age, sex and parental smoking indicated that the CC genotype is the only significant risk factor for the test (p = 0.02). We also noted that, by increasing the C-allele representation within the gene [GC, CC], there was an increase in total leukocytic count (p = 0.09 and p = 0.001, respectively) that may reflect the bad prognostic impact of the polymorphic allele, although further studies are needed. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that the MIF-173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism is a risk factor for childhood ALL development with respect to both homozygous and combined polymorphic genotypes. In addition, the increased leukocytic count in synchronization with the increased representation of the polymorphic C-allele may reflect its bad prognostic impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharaf-Eldein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Doaa Elghannam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Camelia Abdel-Malak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Balogh KN, Templeton DJ, Cross JV. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor protects cancer cells from immunogenic cell death and impairs anti-tumor immune responses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197702. [PMID: 29864117 PMCID: PMC5986154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine that is overexpressed in a number of cancer types, with increased MIF expression often correlating with tumor aggressiveness and poor patient outcomes. In this study, we aimed to better understand the link between primary tumor expression of MIF and increased tumor growth. Using the MMTV-PyMT murine model of breast cancer, we observed that elevated MIF expression promoted tumor appearance and growth. Supporting this, we confirmed our previous observation that higher MIF expression supported tumor growth in the 4T1 murine model of breast cancer. We subsequently discovered that loss of MIF expression in 4T1 cells led to decreased cell numbers and increased apoptosis in vitro under reduced serum culture conditions. We hypothesized that this increase in cell death would promote detection by the host immune system in vivo, which could explain the observed impairment in tumor growth. Supporting this, we demonstrated that loss of MIF expression in the primary tumor led to an increased abundance of intra-tumoral IFNgamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and that depletion of T cells from mice bearing MIF-deficient tumors restored growth to the level of MIF-expressing tumors. Furthermore, we found that MIF depletion from the tumor cells resulted in greater numbers of activated intra-tumoral dendritic cells (DCs). Lastly, we demonstrated that loss of MIF expression led to a robust induction of a specialized form of cell death, immunogenic cell death (ICD), in vitro. Together, our data suggests a model in which MIF expression in the primary tumor dampens the anti-tumor immune response, promoting tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N. Balogh
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Dennis J. Templeton
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Janet V. Cross
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karsten E, Hill CJ, Herbert BR. Red blood cells: The primary reservoir of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in whole blood. Cytokine 2017; 102:34-40. [PMID: 29275011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells are widely accepted to be inert carriers of oxygen and haemoglobin, but there is growing evidence that they play a much more critical role in immune function. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key cytokine in disease with additional oxido-reductase activity, which aids in managing oxidative stress. Although two studies have reported the presence of MIF in red blood cells, no study has quantified the levels of this protein. In this study, freshly isolated plasma, platelets, leukocytes, and red blood cells from healthy individuals were collected and the concentration of MIF was determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. This analysis demonstrated that MIF in red blood cells was present at 25 µg per millilitre of whole blood, which is greater than99% of the total MIF and 1000-fold higher concentration than plasma. This result was supported by electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, which identified MIF in its monomer structural form following sample processing. Furthermore, by assessing the level of tautomerase activity in red blood cell fractions in the presence of a MIF inhibitor, it was determined that the red blood cell-derived MIF was also functionally active. Together, these findings have implications on the effect of haemolysis during sample preparation and provide some clue into the inflammatory processes that occur following haemolysis in vivo. These results support the hypothesis that red blood cells are a major reservoir of this inflammatory protein and may play a role in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Karsten
- Translational Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sangui Bio Pty Ltd, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Cameron J Hill
- Translational Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sangui Bio Pty Ltd, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Benjamin R Herbert
- Translational Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sangui Bio Pty Ltd, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
D'Amato-Brito C, Cipriano D, Colin DJ, Germain S, Seimbille Y, Robert JH, Triponez F, Serre-Beinier V. Role of MIF/CD74 signaling pathway in the development of pleural mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11512-25. [PMID: 26883190 PMCID: PMC4905490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. MIF is overexpressed in various tumors. It displays a number of functions that provide a direct link between the process of inflammation and tumor growth. Our group recently identified the MIF-receptor CD74 as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. In the present study, we compared the levels of expression of MIF and CD74 in different human mesothelioma cell lines and investigated their physiopathological functions in vitro and in vivo. Human mesothelioma cells expressed more CD74 and secreted less MIF than non tumoral MeT5A cells, suggesting a higher sensitivity to MIF. In mesothelioma cells, high MIF levels were associated with a high multiplication rate of cells. In vitro, reduction of MIF or CD74 levels in both mesothelioma cell lines showed that the MIF/CD74 signaling pathway promoted tumor cell proliferation and protected MPM cells from apoptosis. Finally, mesothelioma cell lines expressing high CD74 levels had a low tumorigenic potential after xenogeneic implantation in athymic nude mice. All these data highlight the complexity of the MIF/CD74 signaling pathway in the development of mesothelioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia D'Amato-Brito
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Cipriano
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier J Colin
- MicroPET/SPECT/CT Imaging Laboratory, Centre for BioMedical Imaging (CIBM), University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Germain
- MicroPET/SPECT/CT Imaging Laboratory, Centre for BioMedical Imaging (CIBM), University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Cyclotron Unit, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John H Robert
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Triponez
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Serre-Beinier
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes tumor aggressiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via activation of Akt and inactivation of GSK3β. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:289-296. [PMID: 29079416 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), represents an important link between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that MIF overexpression is implicated in the development and progression of multiple cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the molecular mechanisms underlying its tumor-promoting roles in ESCC remain unclear. In the present study, we observed that MIF is overexpressed in ESCC and correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and poor survival of ESCC. MIF knockdown attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, blockage of MIF expression decreased the activation of the Akt, MEK/ERK, and NF-κB pathways and enhanced sensitivity to apoptosis. Meanwhile, repression of MIF expression resulted in activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and subsequent decrease of active β-catenin, as well as its downstream targets including cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, c-myc, and c-Jun. Collectively, our results provided mechanistic insights into the tumor-promoting role of MIF in ESCC, and suggested that MIF represents a potential therapeutic target for treatment of ESCC.
Collapse
|
20
|
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk: multiplex analysis of serum markers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11169. [PMID: 28894136 PMCID: PMC5593940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Individualized assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic liver disease remains challenging. Serum biomarkers including cytokines may offer helpful adjuncts to standard parameters for risk prediction. Our aim was to identify markers associated with increased HCC incidence. This was a prospective cohort study of 282 patients with both viral or non-viral chronic liver disease. Baseline serum cytokines and other markers were measured in multiplex with a commercially-available Luminex-based system. Patients were followed until death or HCC diagnosis. We performed Lasso-based survival analysis to determine parameters associated with HCC development. Cytokine mean florescence intensity (MFI) was the primary predictor and HCC development the primary outcome. 25 patients developed HCC with total follow-up of 1,363 person-years. Parameters associated with increased HCC incidence were cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and soluble serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) MFI. No other molecules increased predictive power for HCC incidence. On univariate analysis, the parameters associated with HCC incidence in patients with cirrhosis were age, antiviral treatment, and high sICAM-1 MFI; on multivariate analysis, sICAM-1 remained associated with HCC development (adjusted HR = 2.75). On unbiased screening of serum cytokines and other markers in a diverse cohort, baseline sICAM-1 MFI is associated with HCC incidence.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen X. Prediction of optimal gene functions for osteosarcoma using network-based- guilt by association method based on gene oncology and microarray profile. J Bone Oncol 2017; 7:18-22. [PMID: 28443230 PMCID: PMC5396855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we planned to predict the optimal gene functions for osteosarcoma (OS) by integrating network-based method with guilt by association (GBA) principle (called as network-based gene function inference approach) based on gene oncology (GO) data and gene expression profile. To begin with, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted using linear models for microarray data (LIMMA) package. Then, construction of differential co-expression network (DCN) relying on DEGs was implemented, and sub-DCN was identified using Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC). Subsequently, GO annotations for OS were collected according to known confirmed database and DEGs. Ultimately, gene functions were predicted by means of GBA principle based on the area under the curve (AUC) for GO terms, and we determined GO terms with AUC >0.7 as the optimal gene functions for OS. Totally, 123 DEGs and 137 GO terms were obtained for further analysis. A DCN was constructed, which included 123 DEGs and 7503 interactions. A total of 105 GO terms were identified when the threshold was set as AUC >0.5, which had a good classification performance. Among these 105 GO terms, 2 functions had the AUC >0.7 and were determined as the optimal gene functions including angiogenesis (AUC =0.767) and regulation of immune system process (AUC =0.710). These gene functions appear to have potential for early detection and clinical treatment of OS in the future.
Collapse
|
22
|
Johler SM, Fuchs J, Seitz G, Armeanu-Ebinger S. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is induced by cytotoxic drugs and is involved in immune escape and migration in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1465-1476. [PMID: 27629595 PMCID: PMC11029580 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is known to be involved in oncogenic transformation, tumour progression, and immunosuppression and is overexpressed in many solid tumours, including paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). We investigated the function of MIF in RMS during treatment with cytotoxic drugs. RMS cell lines were analysed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and ELISA. We demonstrated the overexpression of MIF in RMS cells and the enhanced expression and secretion after treatment with cytotoxic agents. Migration assays of RMS cells revealed that inhibitors of MIF (ISO-1, Ant.III 4-IPP, Ant.V, sulforaphane (SF)) and blocking antibodies caused reduced migration, indicating a role for MIF in metastatic invasion. Additionally, we investigated the function of MIF in immune escape. The development of a population containing immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells was promoted by incubation in conditioned medium of RMS cells comprising MIF and was reversed by MIF inhibitors but not by antibodies. Although most inhibitors may restore immune activity, Ant.III and 10 µM SF disturbed T cell proliferation in a CFSE assay, whereas T cell proliferation was not reduced by 3 µM SF, ISO-1 or antibodies. However, the inhibition of MIF by blocking antibodies did not increase the killing activity of allogenic PBMCs co-cultured with RMS cells. Our results reveal that MIF may be involved in an immune escape mechanism and demonstrate the involvement of MIF in immunogenic cell death during treatment with cytotoxic drugs. Targeting MIF may contribute to the restoration of immune sensitivity and the control of migration and metastatic invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Maria Johler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guido Seitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sorin Armeanu-Ebinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kindt N, Journe F, Laurent G, Saussez S. Involvement of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in cancer and novel therapeutic targets. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2247-2253. [PMID: 27698786 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was originally identified in 1966 by Bloom and Bennett as a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the inhibition of macrophage motility. Since then, studies have investigated the functional contribution of this pro-inflammatory cytokine in several immune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematous. Recently, MIF has been reported to be involved in a variety of neoplastic diseases. The present review discusses previous cancer research studies that have investigated the involvement of MIF in carcinogenesis, disease prognosis, tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Finally, potential therapeutic approaches based on the use of MIF antagonists and neutralizing antibodies are examined. The review concludes that MIF could be a good prognostic biomarker in several types of cancer, but also that the inhibition of MIF could represent a novel therapy against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Kindt
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium; Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Free University of Brussels, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| | - Guy Laurent
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo D, Guo J, Yao J, Jiang K, Hu J, Wang B, Liu H, Lin L, Sun W, Jiang X. D-dopachrome tautomerase is over-expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and acts cooperatively with macrophage migration inhibitory factor to promote cancer growth. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2056-67. [PMID: 27434219 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have established the important role of MIF in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) for both therapeutic and diagnostic perspectives, but little is known about the expression and function of D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT), a functional homolog of MIF, in PDAC. In the present study, we demonstrated that DDT was over-expressed in PDAC tissues in a pattern correlated with MIF. In the pancreatic cancer cell lines, PANC-1, BXPC-3 and ASPC-1, both DDT and MIF were expressed and co-localized with each other in the endosomal compartments and plasma membrane. Knockdown of DDT and MIF in PANC-1 cells cooperatively inhibited ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation, increased p53 expression, and reduced cell proliferation, invasion and tumor formation. These effects were rescued by the re-expression of MIF or DDT, but not by the forced expression of the tautomerase-deficient mutants of DDT and MIF, P1G-DDT and P1G-MIF. Finally, we observed that 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP), a covalent tautomerase inhibitor of both DDT and MIF, attenuated PANC-1 cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Thus, targeting the tautomerase sites of both MIF and DDT may offer more efficient therapeutic benefits to PDAC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Guo
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinshuai Guo
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junchao Yao
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Velásquez SY, Killian D, Schulte J, Sticht C, Thiel M, Lindner HA. Short Term Hypoxia Synergizes with Interleukin 15 Priming in Driving Glycolytic Gene Transcription and Supports Human Natural Killer Cell Activities. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12960-77. [PMID: 27129235 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells induce apoptosis in infected and transformed cells and are important producers of immunoregulatory cytokines. Therefore, they operate under low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) in inflammatory and tumor environments. In vitro studies of NK cells are, however, commonly performed in ambient air (normoxia). We used global gene expression profiling to evaluate changes in transcriptional pathways in primary human NK cells following short term culture under hypoxia compared with normoxia and in response to interleukin 15 (IL-15) priming using a 2 × 2 factorial design. The largest contrasts observed were priming dependences for associations between hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif) 1 signaling and glycolysis pathways. RT-PCR confirmed positive synergistic hypoxia/IL-15 interactions for genes of key regulatory and metabolic enzymes. IL-15 primes NK cells for effector functions, which were recently demonstrated to depend on glycolytic switching. We did not, however, observe important increases in glycolytic flux through hypoxia and priming alone. Chemical Hif-1α inhibition suggested equal importance of this transcription factor for glycolysis and energy production under normoxia and hypoxia. Hypoxia promoted secretion of CC chemokines Ccl3/4/5 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Unexpectedly, hypoxia also stimulated migration of NK cells through the extracellular matrix and shifted amounts of susceptible leukemia target cells toward late apoptosis in a cell killing assay. We conclude that short term hypoxia supports these activities by positively interacting with NK cell priming at the level of glycolytic gene transcription. Hypoxic conditioning of NK cells may thus benefit their use in cell-based immunotherapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Y Velásquez
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, and
| | - Doreen Killian
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, and
| | - Jutta Schulte
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, and
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Thiel
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, and
| | - Holger A Lindner
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, and
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yildirim N, Dikmen Y, Terek MC, Akman L, Gunel NS, Aktan C, Zekioglu O, Gunduz C. Do preoperative serum vascular endothelial growth factor and migration-inhibitory factor predict the nature of the adnexal masses? A prospective-controlled trial. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2016; 36:533-7. [PMID: 26758243 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the role of preoperative serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and migration inhibitor factor (MIF) in differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses, as well as the relationship between prognostic factors and VEGF and MIF in ovarian cancer patients. This prospective study included 41 patients who were admitted between November 2010 and March 2012. In the malignant group, there were 21 patients, and remaining 20 had benign adnexal masses. Age, CA125 levels, grade, stage, presence of ascites and the degree of cytoreduction performed were noted. There was no significant difference between two groups in preoperative serum VEGF and MIF levels (p = 0.118 and p = 0.297, respectively). CA125 levels were significantly higher in the malignant group (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference for VEGF and MIF between the groups evaluated for tumour grade, stage, presence of ascites and degree of cytoreduction performed in the malignant group. Preoperative serum, VEGF and MIF levels are not suitable for the differentiation of malignant and benign adnexal masses, and they do not correlate with the prognostic factors of ovarian cancer in this cohort of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Yildirim
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Dikmen
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cosan Terek
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Levent Akman
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Nur Selvi Gunel
- b Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey , and
| | - Cagdas Aktan
- b Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey , and
| | - Osman Zekioglu
- c Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- b Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey , and
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chesney JA, Mitchell RA. 25 Years On: A Retrospective on Migration Inhibitory Factor in Tumor Angiogenesis. Mol Med 2015; 21 Suppl 1:S19-24. [PMID: 26605643 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago marked the publication of the first report describing a functional contribution by the cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), to tumor-associated angiogenesis and growth. Since first appearing, this report has been cited 304 times (as of this writing), underscoring not only the importance of this landmark study but also the importance of MIF in tumor neovascularization. Perhaps more importantly, this first link between MIF and stromal cell-dependent tumor angiogenesis presaged the subsequent identification of MIF in mediating protumorigenic contributions to several solid tumor stromal cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, T lymphocytes, NK cells, fibroblasts, endothelial progenitors and mesenchymal stem cells. This retrospective review will broadly evaluate both past and present literature stemming from this initial publication, with an emphasis on cellular sources, cellular effectors, signal transduction mechanisms and the clinical importance of MIF-dependent tumor vascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Chesney
- Molecular Targets Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- Molecular Targets Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang K, Liang Q, Wei L, Zhang W, Zhu P. MicroRNA-608 acts as a prognostic marker and inhibits the cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma by macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3823-30. [PMID: 26474589 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. Research on HCC has recently focused on microRNAs (miRNAs) that play crucial roles in cancer development and progression of HCC. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression and function of a metastasis-associated microRNA-608 (miR-608) in HCC. Samples of human HCC and matched adjacent normal tissues were surgically removed, and miR-608 expression and the pathological characteristics of HCC were investigated. In this study, we found that miR-608 expression was significantly reduced in HCC and its expression levels were highly associated with tumor size, differentiation, clinical stage, and overall and disease-free survival of HCC. Overexpression of miR-608 in HCC cell lines HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 inhibited cell proliferation by G1 arrest. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a potential target gene of miR-608, was inversely correlated with miR-608 expression in HCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MIF was directly regulated by miR-608 and the restoration of MIF expression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-608 on HCC cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings collectively demonstrate that miR-608 exerts its anti-cancer function by directly targeting MIF in HCC, indicating a potential novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Wang
- Department of Pathology, No. 401 Hospital of PLA, 22 Minjiang Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qing Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Pathology, No. 401 Hospital of PLA, 22 Minjiang Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, No. 401 Hospital of PLA, 22 Minjiang Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, No. 401 Hospital of PLA, 22 Minjiang Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
O'Rourke F, Mändle T, Urbich C, Dimmeler S, Michaelis UR, Brandes RP, Flötenmeyer M, Döring C, Hansmann ML, Lauber K, Ballhorn W, Kempf VAJ. Reprogramming of myeloid angiogenic cells by Bartonella henselae leads to microenvironmental regulation of pathological angiogenesis. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1447-63. [PMID: 25857345 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of myeloid cells to tumour microenvironments is a decisive factor in cancer progression. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) mediate tumour invasion and angiogenesis through matrix remodelling, immune modulation and release of pro-angiogenic cytokines. Nothing is known about how pathogenic bacteria affect myeloid cells in these processes. Here we show that Bartonella henselae, a bacterial pathogen causing vasculoproliferative diseases (bacillary angiomatosis), reprogrammes human myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs), a pro-angiogenic subset of circulating progenitor cells, towards a TAM-like phenotype with increased pro-angiogenic capacity. B. henselae infection resulted in inhibition of cell death, activation of angiogenic cellular programmes and induction of M2 macrophage polarization. MACs infected with B. henselae incorporated into endothelial sprouts and increased angiogenic growth. Infected MACs developed a vascular mimicry phenotype in vitro, and expression of B. henselae adhesin A was essential in inducing these angiogenic effects. Secretome analysis revealed that increased pro-angiogenic activities were associated with the creation of a tumour-like microenvironment dominated by angiogenic inflammatory cytokines and matrix remodelling compounds. Our results demonstrate that manipulation of myeloid cells by pathogenic bacteria can contribute to microenvironmental regulation of pathological tissue growth and suggest parallels underlying both bacterial infections and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona O'Rourke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tanja Mändle
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carmen Urbich
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - U Ruth Michaelis
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Flötenmeyer
- Department for Electronmicroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wibke Ballhorn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
HIF-α/MIF and NF-κB/IL-6 axes contribute to the recruitment of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells in hypoxic microenvironment of HNSCC. Neoplasia 2014; 16:168-79. [PMID: 24709424 DOI: 10.1593/neo.132034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells have gained much attention due to their roles in tumor immunity suppression as well as promotion of angiogenesis, invasion, and metastases. However, the mechanisms by which CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells recruit to the tumor site have not been well clarified. In the present study, we showed that hypoxia could stimulate the migration of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells through increased production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)- and HIF-2α-dependent MIF regulated chemotaxis, differentiation, and pro-angiogenic function of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells through binding to CD74/CXCR2, and CD74/CXCR4 complexes, and then activating p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways. Knockdown (KD) of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in HNSCC cells decreased MIF level but failed to inhibit the CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cell migration, because HIF-1α/2α KD enhanced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity that increased IL-6 secretion. Simultaneously blocking NF-κB and HIF-1α/HIF-2α had better inhibitory effect on CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cell recruitment in the hypoxic zone than individually silencing HIF-1α/2α or NF-κB. In conclusion, the interaction between HIF-α/MIF and NF-κB/IL-6 axes plays an important role in the hypoxia-induced accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells and tumor growth in HNSCC.
Collapse
|
31
|
DE Souza MB, Curioni OA, Kanda JL, DE Carvalho MB. Serum and salivary macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2267-2275. [PMID: 25289107 PMCID: PMC4186499 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been identified in a variety of tumors and the investigation of its molecular mechanisms in tumor progression is a key topic of research. The present study aimed to investigate MIF as a potential marker for disease control or recurrence, and to assess the association between serum and salivary MIF and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Serum and salivary samples were collected prior to and following the surgical treatment of 50 patients with OSCC. MIF concentrations were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the adopted level of statistical significance was P<0.05. The results revealed that serum MIF concentrations were significantly reduced following tumor resection in OSCC patients. Furthermore, higher preoperative salivary MIF concentrations were observed in patients with larger tumors and in those who succumbed to the disease. In conclusion, high salivary and serological MIF concentrations were identified in patients with OSCC. Nevertheless, only serological MIF concentrations may be considered as a potential marker for the early detection of OSCC recurrence once the salivary levels, prior and following treatment, do not show any significant differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barbosa DE Souza
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, Brazil ; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo 04231030, Brazil
| | - Otávio Alberto Curioni
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo 04231030, Brazil ; Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo 04231030, Brazil
| | - Jossi Ledo Kanda
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Padre Anchieta Teaching Hospital, ABC Medical School, São Bernardo do Campo 09715090, Brazil
| | - Marcos Brasilino DE Carvalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo 04231030, Brazil ; Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo 04231030, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dapas B, Grassi M, Grassi G. Can TIE-2 expressing monocytes represent a novel marker for hepatocellular carcinoma? Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2014; 3:175-8. [PMID: 25202693 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.07.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of primary liver cancer, is a global health problem representing the sixth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer related death worldwide. The number of deaths per year in HCC is comparable to the incidence number, underlying the aggressive behavior of HCC and the modest efficacy of available curative treatments. Effective HCC treatment is problematic also due to the lack of early and specific diagnostic markers. In this regard, particular interest has been put on the tyrosine kinase with Ig and endothelial growth factor (EGF) homology domains 2 (TIE2), a receptor of angiopoietins, predominantly present on endothelial cells but also observed on monocytes [TIE-2-expressing monocytes (TEMs)]. Recently, a work by Matsubara et al. showed that the amount of circulating TEMs is higher in hepatitis virus C (HCV)/HCC patients compared to HCV patients or healthy subjects. Additionally the authors showed that TEMs have a diagnostic potential for HCC. Whereas the molecular mechanisms responsible for this observation remain elusive and further studies are necessary to confirm this finding, the work of Matsubara et al. may contribute to the identification of a novel HCC prognostic and diagnostic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dapas
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, 2 Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ; 3 Department of ''Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute'', University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, 2 Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ; 3 Department of ''Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute'', University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, 2 Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ; 3 Department of ''Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute'', University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
A novel androstenedione derivative induces ROS-mediated autophagy and attenuates drug resistance in osteosarcoma by inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1361. [PMID: 25101674 PMCID: PMC4454296 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. The drug resistance of osteosarcoma leads to high lethality. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammation-related cytokine implicated in the chemoresistance of breast cancer. In this study, we isolated a novel androstenedione derivative identified as 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5,7-tetraene-9,17-dione (DSTD). DSTD could inhibit MIF expression in MG-63 and U2OS cells. The inhibition of MIF by DSTD promoted autophagy by inducing Bcl-2 downregulation and the translocation of HMGB1. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated DSTD-induced autophagy but promoted cell death, suggesting that DSTD induced ROS-mediated autophagy to rescue cell death. However, in the presence of chemotherapy drugs, DSTD enhanced the chemosensitivity by decreasing the HMGB1 level. Our data suggest MIF inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for overcoming drug resistance in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
|
34
|
Targeting the heat shock protein 90: a rational way to inhibit macrophage migration inhibitory factor function in cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2014; 26:108-13. [PMID: 24225413 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), originally identified as a proinflammatory cytokine, is highly elevated in many human cancer types, independent of their histological origin. MIF's tumour promoting activities correlate with tumour aggressiveness and poor clinical prognosis. Genetic depletion of MIF in mouse cancer models results in significant inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, making it an attractive target for anticancer therapies. Here, we summarize the current possibilities to inhibit MIF function in cancer. RECENT FINDINGS All known small molecule MIF inhibitors antagonize MIF's enzymatic function. However, a recent knockin mouse model suggested that protein interactions play a bigger biological role in tumour cell growth regulation than MIF's enzymatic activity. Thus, alternative strategies are important for targeting MIF. Recently, we identified that MIF in cancer cells is highly stabilized through the heat shock protein 90 machinery (HSP90). Thus, MIF is an HSP90 client. Pharmacological inhibition of the Hsp90 ATPase activity results in MIF degradation in several types of cancer cells. This provides a new way to inhibit MIF function independent of its enzymatic activity. SUMMARY Targeting the HSP90 machinery is a promising way to inhibit MIF function in cancer. Along with MIF and dependent on the molecular make-up of the tumour, a large number of other critical tumourigenic proteins are also destabilized by HSP90 inhibition, overall resulting in a profound block of tumour growth.
Collapse
|
35
|
Otterstrom C, Soltermann A, Opitz I, Felley-Bosco E, Weder W, Stahel RA, Triponez F, Robert JH, Serre-Beinier V. CD74: a new prognostic factor for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2040-6. [PMID: 24594996 PMCID: PMC3992494 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pro-inflammatory cytokine migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its receptor CD74 have been proposed as possible therapeutic targets in several cancers. We studied the expression of MIF and CD74 together with calretinin in specimens of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), correlating their expression levels with clinico-pathologic parameters, in particular overall survival (OS). Methods: Migration inhibitory factor, CD74, and calretinin immunoreactivity were investigated in a tissue microarray of 352 patients diagnosed with MPM. Protein expression intensities were semiquantitatively scored in the tumour cells and in the peritumoral stroma. Markers were matched with OS, age, gender, and histological subtype. Results: Clinical data from 135 patients were available. Tumour cell expressions of MIF and CD74 were observed in 95% and 98% of MPM specimens, respectively, with a homogenous distribution between the different histotypes. CD74 (P<0.001) but not MIF overexpression (P=0.231) emerged as an independent prognostic factor for prolonged OS. High expression of tumour cell calretinin correlated with the epithelioid histotype and was also predictive of longer OS (P<0.001). When compared with previously characterised putative epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, CD74 correlated positively with tumoral PTEN and podoplanin expressions, but was inversely related with periostin expression. Conclusions: High expression of CD74 is an independent prognostic factor for prolonged OS in mesothelioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Otterstrom
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Soltermann
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - I Opitz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Felley-Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinic for Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W Weder
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R A Stahel
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinic for Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Triponez
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J H Robert
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Serre-Beinier
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
HER2/ErbB2 activates HSF1 and thereby controls HSP90 clients including MIF in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e980. [PMID: 24384723 PMCID: PMC4040658 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in breast cancer strongly correlates with aggressive tumors and poor prognosis. Recently, a positive correlation between HER2 and MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor, a tumor-promoting protein and heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) client) protein levels was shown in cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanistic link remained unknown. Here we show that overexpressed HER2 constitutively activates heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1), the master transcriptional regulator of the inducible proteotoxic stress response of heat-shock chaperones, including HSP90, and a crucial factor in initiation and maintenance of the malignant state. Inhibiting HER2 pharmacologically by Lapatinib (a dual HER2/epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor) or CP724.714 (a specific HER2 inhibitor), or by knockdown via siRNA leads to inhibition of phosphoactivated Ser326 HSF1, and subsequently blocks the activity of the HSP90 chaperone machinery in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer lines. Consequently, HSP90 clients, including MIF, AKT, mutant p53 and HSF1 itself, become destabilized, which in turn inhibits tumor proliferation. Mechanistically, HER2 signals via the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT– mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis to induce activated pSer326 HSF1. Heat-shock stress experiments confirm this functional link between HER2 and HSF1, as HER2 (and PI3K) inhibition attenuate the HSF1-mediated heat-shock response. Importantly, we confirmed this axis in vivo. In the mouse model of HER2-driven breast cancer, ErbB2 inhibition by Lapatinib strongly suppresses tumor progression, and this is associated with inactivation of the HSF1 pathway. Moreover, ErbB2-overexpressing cancer cells derived from a primary mouse ErbB2 tumor also show HSF1 inactivation and HSP90 client destabilization in response to ErbB2 inhibition. Furthermore, in HER2-positive human breast cancers HER2 levels strongly correlate with pSer326 HSF1 activity. Our results show for the first time that HER2/ErbB2 overexpression controls HSF1 activity, with subsequent stabilization of numerous tumor-promoting HSP90 clients such as MIF, AKT and HSF1 itself, thereby causing a robust promotion in tumor growth in HER2-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
|
37
|
Pei XJ, Wu TT, Li B, Tian XY, Li Z, Yang QX. Increased expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and DJ-1 contribute to cell invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:106-15. [PMID: 24396292 PMCID: PMC3880997 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Both macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and DJ-1 protein have been shown to relate with cell invasion and metastasis in tumors. However, the role of DJ-1 in invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its relation to MIF expression in NPC are not fully understood. The aim of present study is to determine whether or not MIF and DJ-1 are correlated with tumor invasion and influence a worse outcome in NPC, as well as its related mechanism. METHODS 125 cases of NPC and 45 normal tissues of nasopharynx were collected. The expression of MIF and DJ-1 in tissue microarray was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Correlation between immunostainings and clinicopathological parameters, as well as the follow-up data of patients, was analyzed statistically. The association of MIF and DJ-1 with cell invasion and migration in NPC cell line were evaluated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, invasion assay and Western blotting. RESULTS MIF and DJ-1 staining was diffused and strong in tumor cells, whereas they were generally weaker and less common in normal lining epithelia of nasopharynx. High MIF expression in tumor cells (71.2%, 89/125 cases) were significantly associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and worse prognosis of NPC patients. High expression of DJ-1 (75.2%, 94/125 cases) were closely correlated to lymph node metastasis and MIF high-expression. Only MIF high expression (P = 0.010) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004) emerged as strong independent prognostic factors for overall survival of NPC patients. In vitro, down-regulated expression of DJ-1 in NPC cell lines by siRNA was observed to reduce cell migration and invasion potential, however, exogenous MIF promoted cells invasion. CONCLUSIONS The data provided evidence that increased expression of MIF and DJ-1 induced cell invasion and metastasis of NPC, supporting the idea that MIF and DJ-1 may play important roles as regulators in the progression of NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Pei
- 1. Department of Pathology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling Road North, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Tong-Tong Wu
- 1. Department of Pathology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling Road North, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Bin Li
- 2. Department of pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tian
- 3. School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi Li
- 2. Department of pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing-Xu Yang
- 1. Department of Pathology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling Road North, Huizhou 516001, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Current developments of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:592-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
39
|
Matsubara T, Kanto T, Kuroda S, Yoshio S, Higashitani K, Kakita N, Miyazaki M, Sakakibara M, Hiramatsu N, Kasahara A, Tomimaru Y, Tomokuni A, Nagano H, Hayashi N, Takehara T. TIE2-expressing monocytes as a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with angiogenesis. Hepatology 2013; 57:1416-25. [PMID: 22815256 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Angiogenesis is a critical step in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Myeloid lineage cells, such as macrophages and monocytes, have been reported to regulate angiogenesis in mouse tumor models. TIE2, a receptor of angiopoietins, conveys pro-angiogenic signals and identifies a monocyte/macrophage subset with pro-angiogenic activity. Here, we analyzed the occurrence and kinetics of TIE2-expressing monocytes/macrophages (TEMs) in HCC patients. This study enrolled 168 HCV-infected patients including 89 with HCC. We examined the frequency of TEMs, as defined as CD14+CD16+TIE2+ cells, in the peripheral blood and liver. The localization of TEMs in the liver was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Micro-vessel density in the liver was measured by counting CD34+ vascular structures. We found that the frequency of circulating TEMs was significantly higher in HCC than non-HCC patients, while being higher in the liver than in the blood. In patients who underwent local radio-ablation or resection of HCC, the frequency of TEMs dynamically changed in the blood in parallel with HCC recurrence. Most TEMs were identified in the perivascular areas of tumor tissue. A significant positive correlation was observed between micro-vessel density in HCC and frequency of TEMs in the blood or tumors, suggesting that TEMs are involved in HCC angiogenesis. Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed the superiority of TEM frequency to AFP, PIVKA-II and ANG-2 serum levels as diagnostic marker for HCC. CONCLUSION TEMs increase in patients with HCC and their frequency changes with the therapeutic response or recurrence. We thus suggest that TEM frequency can be used as a diagnostic marker for HCC, potentially reflecting angiogenesis in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhiro Matsubara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guo Y, Hou J, Luo Y, Wang D. Functional disruption of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) suppresses proliferation of human H460 lung cancer cells by caspase-dependent apoptosis. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:28. [PMID: 23522304 PMCID: PMC3695853 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is important in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in both normal and cancerous cells, and may be important in cancer progression and metastasis. In human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the underlying mechanisms responsible for MIF-dependent regulation of cellular proliferation, and cell death remain poorly appreciated. Methods The human H460 lung cancer cell-line was treated with an optimally determined dose of 50 pmol/ml MIF siRNA, following which cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed. Additionally, known pathways of apoptosis including expression of Annexin-V, enhanced production of caspases-3 and −4 and expression of the Akt signaling protein were assessed in an attempt to provide insights into the signaling pathways involved in apoptosis following disruption of MIF expression. Results Specific siRNA sequences markedly decreased MIF expression in H460 cells by 2 to 5-fold as compared with the negative control. Moreover, MIF miRNA dampened not only cellular proliferation, but increased the frequency of apoptotic cells as assessed by cell-surface Annexin-V expression. Entry of cells into apoptosis was partly dependent on enhanced production of caspases −3 and −4 while not affecting the expression of either caspase-8 or the Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions In a model of NSCLC, knockdown of MIF mRNA expression dampened H460 proliferation by mechanisms partly dependent on entry of cells into apoptosis and enhanced production of caspase-3 and −4. MIF expression may thus be important in NSCLC progression. Targeting MIF may have clinical utility in the management of human lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubiao Guo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kindt N, Preillon J, Kaltner H, Gabius HJ, Chevalier D, Rodriguez A, Johnson BD, Megalizzi V, Decaestecker C, Laurent G, Saussez S. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: clinical and experimental studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:727-37. [PMID: 23354841 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present in vivo/in vitro study was undertaken in order to evaluate the importance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS Tumor tissue expression (MIF immunostaining) and plasma levels (ELISA) of MIF were determined in HNSCC patients and correlated with tumor recurrence and metastasis, and overall survival. Furthermore, the impact of MIF expression on cell proliferation and anticancer drug sensitivity was examined in murine squamous carcinoma cell line SCCVII after MIF knockdown (MIF-KD). RESULTS As revealed by quantitative analysis of MIF immunostaining, tumor progression was accompanied by an increase in mean optical density (MOD) and labeling index (LI). Likewise, an elevation of MIF serum levels was noted in HNSCC patients (n = 66) versus healthy individuals (n = 16). Interestingly, comparison of laryngeal carcinoma patients on the basis of MIF tissue expression (high expression, LI ≥ 47, versus low expression, LI < 47) disclosed a significant difference between disease-free survival curves for local and nodal recurrence, and overall survival curve. In vitro, MIF knockdown in murine SCCVII cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation and a decrease in cell motility. In mice inoculated with SCCVII cells, MIF-KD tumors grew more slowly and also appeared more sensitive to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Both clinical observations and experimental data suggest that MIF plays a pivotal role in the progression of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Kindt
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Pentagone 2A, 6 Ave du Champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Simpson KD, Templeton DJ, Cross JV. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes tumor growth and metastasis by inducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5533-40. [PMID: 23125418 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an inflammatory cytokine, is overexpressed in many solid tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. We previously identified inhibitors of MIF within a class of natural products with demonstrated anti-cancer activities. We therefore sought to determine how MIF contributes to tumor growth and progression. We show in this study that in murine tumors including the 4T1 model of aggressive, spontaneously metastatic breast cancer in immunologically intact mice, tumor-derived MIF promotes tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis through control of inflammatory cells within the tumor. Specifically, MIF increases the prevalence of a highly immune suppressive subpopulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) within the tumor. In vitro, MIF promotes differentiation of myeloid cells into the same population of MDSCs. Pharmacologic inhibition of MIF reduces MDSC accumulation in the tumor similar to MIF depletion and blocks the MIF-dependent in vitro differentiation of MDSCs. Our results demonstrate that MIF is a therapeutically targetable mechanism for control of tumor growth and metastasis through regulation of the host immune response and support the potential utility of MIF inhibitors, either alone or in combination with standard tumor-targeting therapeutic or immunotherapy approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra D Simpson
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sanchez-Niño MD, Sanz AB, Ruiz-Andres O, Poveda J, Izquierdo MC, Selgas R, Egido J, Ortiz A. MIF, CD74 and other partners in kidney disease: tales of a promiscuous couple. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 24:23-40. [PMID: 22959722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is increased in kidney and urine during kidney disease. MIF binds to and activates CD74 and chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4. CD74 is a protein trafficking regulator and a cell membrane receptor for MIF, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT/MIF-2) and bacterial proteins. MIF signaling through CD74 requires CD44. CD74, CD44 and CXCR4 are upregulated in renal cells in diseased kidneys and MIF activation of CD74 in kidney cells promotes an inflammatory response. MIF or CXCR2 targeting protects from experimental kidney injury, CD44 deficiency modulates kidney injury and CXCR4 activation promotes glomerular injury. However, the contribution of MIF or MIF-2 to these actions of MIF receptors has not been explored. The safety and efficacy of strategies targeting MIF, CD74, CD44 and CXCR4 are under study in humans.
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen L, Zhang Q, Chang W, Du Y, Zhang H, Cao G. Viral and host inflammation-related factors that can predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:1977-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
45
|
Merk M, Mitchell RA, Endres S, Bucala R. D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT or MIF-2): doubling the MIF cytokine family. Cytokine 2012; 59:10-7. [PMID: 22507380 PMCID: PMC3367028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT) is a newly described cytokine and a member of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) protein superfamily. MIF is a broadly expressed pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates both the innate and the adaptive immune response. MIF activates the MAP kinase cascade, modulates cell migration, and counter-acts the immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids. For many cell types, MIF also acts as an important survival or anti-apoptotic factor. Circulating MIF levels are elevated in the serum in different infectious and autoimmune diseases, and neutralization of the MIF protein via antibodies or small molecule antagonists improves the outcome in numerous animal models of human disease. Recently, a detailed investigation of the biological role of the closely homologous protein D-DT, which is encoded by a gene adjacent to MIF, revealed an overlapping functional spectrum with MIF. The D-DT protein also is present in most tissues and circulates in serum at similar concentrations as MIF. D-DT binds the MIF cell surface receptor complex, CD74/CD44, with high affinity and induces similar cell signaling and effector functions. Furthermore, an analysis of the signaling properties of the two proteins showed that they work cooperatively, and that neutralization of D-DT in vivo significantly decreases inflammation. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between MIF and D-DT, which we propose to designate "MIF-2", and discuss the implication of D-DT/MIF-2 expression for MIF-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Merk
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Bucala
- Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Du W, Wright BM, Li X, Finke J, Rini BI, Zhou M, He H, Lal P, Welford SM. Tumor-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes an autocrine loop that enhances renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2012; 32:1469-74. [PMID: 22543583 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a hypoxia regulated gene that has a variety of tumorigenic functions. In clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRC), hypoxic signaling is constitutively active because of the frequent loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein. We therefore sought to assess the expression of MIF in CCRC and its biological functions. We stained tumor tissue microarrays comprising sections of 128 CCRC tumors and found MIF to be moderately or highly expressed in >98%. MIF expression was further found to be dramatically elevated in blood plasma of individuals with CCRC compared with healthy controls, suggesting that measurement of MIF levels in the blood may have utility as a diagnostic marker in CCRC. At a functional level, MIF has been reported to engage the CD74 and CD44 receptors and induce signal transduction. In CCRC cell lines, depletion of MIF, CD74 or CD44 by small hairpin RNA led to a significant reduction in growth rate, and clonogenic survival, coinciding with the degree of knockdown. Interruption of the MIF pathway also decreased tumorigenic potential. Biochemically, we found that in CCRC cells MIF signaling leads to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and to Src phosphorylation, which is critical for regulation of p27. Together, our studies establish MIF as a protumorigenic signaling molecule that functions in an autocrine fashion to promote renal cell carcinoma and may be useful as a minimally invasive marker of disease status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schulz R, Marchenko ND, Holembowski L, Fingerle-Rowson G, Pesic M, Zender L, Dobbelstein M, Moll UM. Inhibiting the HSP90 chaperone destabilizes macrophage migration inhibitory factor and thereby inhibits breast tumor progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:275-89. [PMID: 22271573 PMCID: PMC3280870 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In several human cancer cell lines, HSP90 inhibitors destabilize macrophage inhibitory factor protein; systemic treatment with an HSP90 inhibitor slows tumor growth and extends overall survival in a mouse model of HER2-positive human breast cancer. Intracellular macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) often becomes stabilized in human cancer cells. MIF can promote tumor cell survival, and elevated MIF protein correlates with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism facilitating MIF stabilization in tumors is not understood. We show that the tumor-activated HSP90 chaperone complex protects MIF from degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 activity, or siRNA-mediated knockdown of HSP90 or HDAC6, destabilizes MIF in a variety of human cancer cells. The HSP90-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP mediates the ensuing proteasome-dependent MIF degradation. Cancer cells contain constitutive endogenous MIF–HSP90 complexes. siRNA-mediated MIF knockdown inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis of cultured human cancer cells, whereas HSP90 inhibitor-induced apoptosis is overridden by ectopic MIF expression. In the ErbB2 transgenic model of human HER2-positive breast cancer, genetic ablation of MIF delays tumor progression and prolongs overall survival of mice. Systemic treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor 17AAG reduces MIF expression and blocks growth of MIF-expressing, but not MIF-deficient, tumors. Together, these findings identify MIF as a novel HSP90 client and suggest that HSP90 inhibitors inhibit ErbB2-driven breast tumor growth at least in part by destabilizing MIF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Schulz
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang XB, Tian XY, Li Y, Li B, Li Z. Elevated expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor correlates with tumor recurrence and poor prognosis of patients with gliomas. J Neurooncol 2011; 106:43-51. [PMID: 21725855 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. We aim to examine the association of MIF with tumor recurrence and survival of gliomas, and to determine whether MIF is a valuable prognostic predictor for glioma patients. The expression of MIF and interleukin 8 (IL-8) was evaluated in 36 high-grade gliomas (20 glioblastoma multiforme, 13 anaplastic astrocytoma, and 3 anaplastic oligoastrocytoma) and 32 low-grade gliomas (18 fibrillary astrocytoma, 5 pilocytic astrocytoma, 5 oligodendroglioma, 3 ependymoma and 1 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma) by immunostaining. Intratumoral microvessel density (IMD) of tumors in relation to immunostainings and clinicopathological factors were analyzed statistically as well as the follow-up data of patients. High expression of both MIF (58.8%) and IL-8 (52.9%) was significantly associated with high-grade gliomas and increased microvessels in tumors, but only high expression of MIF was closely related to tumor recurrence (P = 0.001). High expression of IL-8 exhibited a close correlation with high expression of MIF in tumors (P = 0.001). Histological grading, high expression of MIF and IL-8 correlated with patients' overall survival in univariate analysis. However, only histological grading and MIF expression exhibited a relationship with survival of patients as independent prognostic factors of glioma by multivariate analysis; the hazard ratios were 28.012 (P = 0.001) and 11.782 (P = 0.001), respectively. Elevated production of MIF in glioma tumor cells may contribute to tumor recurrence and a worse prognosis. MIF may serve as an independent predictive factor for prognosis of glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, 106, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Márton S, Garai J, Molnár V, Juhász V, Bogár L, Köszegi T, Falusi B, Ghosh S. Kinetics of inflammatory markers following cancer-related bowel and liver resection. Ups J Med Sci 2011; 116:124-8. [PMID: 21091281 PMCID: PMC3078541 DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2010.519446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was originally described as a cytokine that inhibits migration of macrophages at the site of inflammation. Subsequently it was also identified as a stress-induced hormone released from the anterior pituitary lobe in response to some pro-inflammatory stimuli like endotoxins and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α). AIM To compare postoperative changes in serum MIF levels of patients undergoing bowel and liver resections. It has clinical relevance to describe the kinetics of this crucial mediator of systemic inflammation in surgery. METHODS A total of 58 patients were studied over 4 years. Group A (28 patients) underwent only hepatic resection without enterotomy. Group B (30 patients) had bowel resection with enterotomy. MIF, IL-1β, IL-8, prealbumin, albumin, α1-glycoprotein, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein levels were measured preoperatively, immediately following surgery, and postoperatively for three consecutive days. To evaluate organ functions, multiple organ dysfunction score was used. RESULTS A significantly higher level of MIF (4,505 pg/mL) was found in group A when compared to that of group B immediately following surgery. Other parameters monitored in this study were not statistically different between the two groups. CONCLUSION Higher elevations in MIF levels with liver resections, compared to bowel resections, might be attributable to MIF release from damaged liver cells. The presumably minimal endotoxin exposure during bowel surgery was either insufficient or inefficient to induce relevant MIF elevations in our patients. To fully delineate implications of this finding further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Márton
- University of Pécs, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Garai
- University of Pécs, Department of Pathophysiology and Gerontology, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Valéria Molnár
- University of Pécs, Department of Pathophysiology and Gerontology, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Vera Juhász
- University of Pécs, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lajos Bogár
- University of Pécs, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Köszegi
- University of Pécs, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Falusi
- University of Pécs, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Subhamay Ghosh
- University of Pécs, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhao YM, Wang L, Dai Z, Wang DD, Hei ZY, Zhang N, Fu XT, Wang XL, Zhang SC, Qin LX, Tang ZY, Zhou J, Fan J. Validity of plasma macrophage migration inhibitory factor for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2463-72. [PMID: 21213214 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We performed our study to determine whether plasma macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels have diagnostic and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of MIF in plasma and tissues, respectively. Plasma MIF levels were compared to HCC occurrence, clinicopathological features and outcomes. Cutpoints of plasma MIF levels for diagnosis and prognosis were, respectively, determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis and X-tile in corresponding training cohort, and then were confirmed in the validation cohort. The postoperative plasma MIF levels of HCC patients were detected in an independent cohort (80 HCC patients). As a result, MIF expression in situ was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of HCC cells. Intratumoral MIF expression was positively correlated with plasma MIF levels (r = 0.759, p < 0.001). Compared to serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), plasma MIF had a higher diagnostic value for discrimination of HCC from controls at 35.3 ng/ml. With determined cutpoints, plasma MIF levels demonstrated a significant association with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of HCC patients even in patients with normal serum AFP levels and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage I. In addition, the plasma MIF levels were identified as an independent factor for OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.754; p = 0.012] and DFS (HR = 2.121; p < 0.001). Plasma MIF levels decreased markedly within 30 days after tumor resection (p < 0.001). Therefore, plasma MIF levels have potential as a diagnostic and prognostic factor for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|