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Peng Y, Xiao S, Zuo W, Xie Y, Xiao Y. Potential diagnostic value of miRNAs in sexually transmitted infections. Gene 2024; 895:147992. [PMID: 37977319 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that have been demonstrated to be involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing, regulating a number of metabolic functions in the human body, including immune response, cellular physiology, organ development, angiogenesis, signaling, and other aspects. As popular molecules that have been studied in previous years, given their extensive regulatory functions, miRNAs hold considerable promise as non-invasive biomarkers. Sexually transmitted infections(STIs) are still widespread and have an adverse effect on individuals, communities, and society worldwide. miRNAs in the regulatory networks are generally involved in their molecular processes of formation and development. In this review, we discuss the value of miRNAs for the diagnosis of STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchi Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuangwen Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yafeng Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yongjian Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Huang Y, Chen S, Lei Y, Chung C, Chan M, Chen L, Zhong Y, Zhang E, Chen J, Deng L. β-Estradiol Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Through the Suppression of AKT/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:312-321. [PMID: 34951372 DOI: 10.2174/1574892817666211222150409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent gynecological cancer worldwide, which threatens women's health and causes cancer-related mortality. In the search for effective anticervical cancer drugs, we discovered that β-estradiol (E2), a patent drug for estrogen deficiency syndrome treatment, displays the most potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the growth inhibitory effect of β-estradiol on HeLa cells and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 6 compounds against HeLa cells. Flow cytometric analysis and Hoechst 33258 staining assay were performed to detect cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. The collapse of the mitochondrial potential was observed by the JC-1 staining assay. The expression levels of proteins were examined by western blotting. RESULTS β-Estradiol, at high concentration, displays potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 18.71 ± 1.57 μM for 72 h treatment. β-Estradiol induces G2/M cell cycle arrest through downregulating Cyclin B1 and p-CDK1. In addition, β-estradiol-induced apoptosis is accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial potential, activation of the Caspase family, and altered Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. β-Estradiol markedly decreased the expression level of p-AKT and p-NF-κB. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that β-estradiol induces mitochondrial apoptosis in cervical cancer through the suppression of the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, indicating that β-estradiol may serve as a potential agent for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Formula pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632. China
| | - Shouguo Chen
- Formula pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632. China
| | - Yuhe Lei
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034. China
| | - Chiwing Chung
- Formula pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632. China
| | - Meiching Chan
- Formula pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034. China
| | - Yinqin Zhong
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034. China
| | - Enxin Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034. China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632. China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Formula pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632. China
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Zhao J, Cao H, Zhang W, Fan Y, Shi S, Wang R. SOX14 hypermethylation as a tumour biomarker in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:675. [PMID: 34098886 PMCID: PMC8185922 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between SOX14 and cancer has been reported. The aim of this study was to identify and validate the potential value of SOX14 methylation in the early detection of cervical cancer. METHODS First, we extracted the data for SOX14 methylation and expression within cervical cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and analysed them via UALCAN, Wanderer, MEXPRESS and LinkedOmics. Subsequently, according to the bioinformatics findings, primers and probes were designed for the most significantly differentiated methylation CpG site and synthesized for methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP) to verify SOX14 methylation in both cervical tissuses and liquid-based cell samples. Eventually, the clinical diagnostic efficacy of SOX14 methylation in the normal, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cancer groups was analysed by ROCAUC. RESULTS Pooled analysis demonstrated that SOX14 methylation levels were significantly increased in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) compared to normal tissues (P < 0.001). Both the verification and validation cohorts indicated that the methylation level and the positive rate of SOX14 gradually increased with increasing severity from normal to cancer samples (P < 0.01). When the cut-off value was set as 128.45, the sensitivity and specificity of SOX14 hypermethylation in the diagnosis of cervical cancer were 94.12 and 86.46%, respectively. When taken as a screening biomarker (>CINII), the sensitivity was 74.42% and the specificity was 81.48%, with a cut-off value of 10.37. CONCLUSION SOX14 hypermethylation is associated with cervical cancer and has the potential to be a molecular biomarker for the screening and early diagnosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenfan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjuan Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujuan Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Integrative Systems Biology Approaches to Identify Potential Biomarkers and Pathways of Cervical Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050363. [PMID: 33946372 PMCID: PMC8147030 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, cervical cancer (CC) is treated as the leading cancer among women throughout the world. Despite effective vaccination and improved surgery and treatment, CC retains its fatality rate of about half of the infected population globally. The major screening biomarkers and therapeutic target identification have now become a global concern. In the present study, we have employed systems biology approaches to retrieve the potential biomarkers and pathways from transcriptomic profiling. Initially, we have identified 76 of each up-regulated and down-regulated gene from a total of 4643 differentially expressed genes. The up-regulatory genes mainly concentrate on immune-inflammatory responses, and the down-regulatory genes are on receptor binding and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The involved pathways associated with these genes were also assessed through pathway enrichment, and we mainly focused on different cancer pathways, immunoresponse, and cell cycle pathways. After the subsequent enrichment of these genes, we have identified 12 hub genes, which play a crucial role in CC and are verified by expression profile analysis. From our study, we have found that genes LILRB2 and CYBB play crucial roles in CC, as reported here for the first time. Furthermore, the survivability of the hub genes was also assessed, and among them, finally, CXCR4 has been identified as one of the most potential differentially expressed genes that might play a vital role in the survival of CC patients. Thus, CXCR4 could be used as a prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarker and a drug target for CC.
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Wu X, Liu L, Zhang H. miR‑802 inhibits the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of cervical cancer by regulating BTF3. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1883-1891. [PMID: 32582971 PMCID: PMC7411396 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-802 has been discovered to be involved in the occurrence and development of numerous types of tumor; however, studies into the role of miR‑802 in cervical cancer are limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of miR‑802 in cervical cancer cells. miR‑802 expression levels in cervical cancer tissue and cells were analyzed using reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q)PCR, a dual‑reporter luciferase activity assay was used to identify the direct target gene of miR‑802, and RT‑qPCR and western blotting were performed to determine the relationship between miR‑802 and basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3). Cell viability, and migration and invasion were analyzed using Cell Counting Kit‑8 and Transwell assays, respectively. Finally, the expression levels of metastasis‑associated proteins, N‑cadherin and E‑cadherin, were determined using RT‑qPCR and western blotting. Decreased expression levels of miR‑802 were found in cervical cancer tissues and cells, and the overexpression of miR‑802 inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion. Moreover, miR‑802 was discovered to directly target BTF3 to inhibit its expression. Notably, the overexpression miR‑802 markedly reversed the promotive effect of BTF3 on cell viability, in addition to the migratory and invasive abilities of the cells. Simultaneously, the overexpression of miR‑802 significantly suppressed epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, and the expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2 and MMP9 in cells through regulating BTF3. In conclusion, the present study revealed that miR‑802 may suppress cervical cancer progression by decreasing BTF3 expression levels, indicating that it may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prognosis of patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhui Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Leng Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiantao First People's Hospital, Xiantao, Hubei 433000, P.R. China
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Xie Q, Ou-Yang W, Zhang M, Wang H, Yue Q. Decreased Expression of NUSAP1 Predicts Poor Overall Survival in Cervical Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:2852-2863. [PMID: 32226503 PMCID: PMC7086256 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) was previously reported to be associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancers. In the present study, we comprehensively investigated the clinicopathological features and potential prognostic value of NUSAP1 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC). Methods: The expression profiles of the genes were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and The Human Protein Atlas databases. The association between clinicopathological characteristics and NUSAP1 was analyzed using logistic regression in TCGA patients and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for GSE7803, GSE9750, and GSE63514 datasets. The prognostic value of NUSAP1 in TCGA patients was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted using TCGA dataset. Results: A total of 68 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in CESC. ROC analysis of NUSAP1 suggested that the area under the ROC curve was 0.968. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that CESC with low expression of NUSAP1 has a worse prognosis than CESC with high NUSAP1 expression (P = 0.005). The logistic regression revealed that low NUSAP1 expression in CESC was related to advanced tumor stage in TCGA database. Moreover, Cox regression analysis showed that NUSAP1 expression correlated significantly with prognosis in the case of patients in TCGA database. GSEA demonstrated that CESC patients with high expression of NUSAP1 were enriched in the G2M checkpoint, MYC targets, and breast cancer ZNF217. Conclusion: The results suggest that identification of DEGs might enhance our understanding of the causes and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of CESC. Moreover, NUSAP1 may play an important role in CESC progression and prognosis and may serve as a valuable indicator of poor survival in CESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China.,Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai
| | - Wen Ou-Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China.,Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Chazhong Road No. 20, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, People's Republic of China.,Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai
| | - Huimei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai
| | - Qiuyuan Yue
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, People's Republic of China
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Kundrod KA, Smith CA, Hunt B, Schwarz RA, Schmeler K, Richards-Kortum R. Advances in technologies for cervical cancer detection in low-resource settings. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:695-714. [PMID: 31368827 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1648213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer mortality rates remain high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and other medically underserved areas due to challenges with implementation and sustainability of routine screening, accurate diagnosis, and early treatment of preinvasive lesions. Areas covered: In this review, we first discuss the standard of care for cervical cancer screening and diagnosis in high- and low-resource settings, biomarkers that correlate to cervical precancer and cancer, and needs for new tests. We review technologies for screening and diagnosis with a focus on tests that are already in use in LMICs or have the potential to be adapted for use in LMICs. Finally, we provide perspectives on the next five years of technology development for improved cervical cancer screening and diagnosis in LMICs. Expert opinion: Innovation toward improved molecular and imaging tests is needed to enable effective, affordable see-and-treat approaches to detect and treat cervical precancer in a single visit. Current molecular tests remain too complex and/or costly for widespread use. Especially with imaging tests, decision support may improve performance of new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsey A Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Brady Hunt
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston , TX , USA
| | | | - Kathleen Schmeler
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Shafabakhsh R, Reiter RJ, Mirzaei H, Teymoordash SN, Asemi Z. Melatonin: A new inhibitor agent for cervical cancer treatment. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21670-21682. [PMID: 31131897 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers between women and is known as the third leading cause of female cancer related deaths annually. Its detection in early stages allows it to be a preventable and generally treatable disease. Increasing evidence revealed, a variety of internal and external factors are associated with initiation and progression of cervical cancer pathogenesis. Human papilloma virus infection is found as a major cause of cervical cancer. Other molecular and biochemical alterations as well as genetic and epigenetic changes are related cervical cancer progression. Current treatment options often have severe side effects and toxicities thus, new adjuvant agents having synergistic effects and ability to decrease different side effects and toxicities are needed. Melatonin is an indolamine compound secreted from the pineal gland which shows wide range anticancer activities. A large amount of studies indicated inhibitory effects of melatonin against various types of cancers. In addition, experimental evidence reports inhibitory effects of melatonin as an adjuvant therapy on cervical cancer by targeting a sequence of different molecular mechanisms. Herein, for first time, we summarized anticervical cancer effects of melatonin and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science, Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Noei Teymoordash
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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9
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Li N, He Y, Mi P, Hu Y. ZNF582 methylation as a potential biomarker to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type III/worse: A meta-analysis of related studies in Chinese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14297. [PMID: 30732145 PMCID: PMC6380660 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA methylation markers have been assessed as potential biomarkers for early cervical cancer detection. Herein, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of zinc finger protein 582 (ZNF582) methylation for cervical cancer detection. METHODS Eligible studies were systematically searched from the electronic databases. The quality of enrolled studies was evaluated using the second version of the check list for Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). The bivariate meta-analysis model was employed to plot the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve using Stata 14.0 software. Cochran's Q test and I statistics were applied to assess heterogeneity among studies. Publication bias was evaluated by the Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test. RESULTS Seven studies composed of 1749 patients were eventually included. The pooled sensitivity of ZNF582 methylation was estimated to be 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67-0.75] in differentiating patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type III/worse (CIN3+), corresponding to a specificity of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.79-0.83) and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85. Our stratified analysis suggested that sequential combined of HPV DNA and ZNF582 methylation test (AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.876, 0.75, and 0.87, respectively) achieved higher diagnostic accuracy than single HPV DNA testing test (AUC, sensitivity and specificity of 0.669, 0.96, and 0.41, respectively). CONCLUSIONS ZNF582 methylation has a prospect to be an auxiliary biomarker for cervical cancer screening. A new strategy of co-testing HPV DNA and ZNF582 methylation test in cervical scrapings confers an improved diagnostic accuracy than single HPV DNA testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital
| | | | - Peng Mi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjing Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital
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10
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Hillen LM, Rennspiess D, Speel EJ, Haugg AM, Winnepenninckx V, Zur Hausen A. Detection of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Seborrheic Keratosis. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2648. [PMID: 29375515 PMCID: PMC5767171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is the most common benign cutaneous neoplasm. A subset shows increased p16 expression. Since SK shares several features with verruca vulgaris, e.g., increased p16 expression, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been suggested as possible causal agents. However, a relevant association could not be established between HPV and SK. In the present study we aimed to investigate the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in relation to p16 expression in SK. P16 expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Presence of MCPyV was assessed in 23 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of SK by molecular techniques (i.e., PCR and FISH) and IHC. 16/23 SK showed strong to moderate p16 expression. 6/23 of SK were MCPyV positive by PCR which was confirmed by FISH. Of interest, two samples with strong FISH signals also showed MCPyV expression as tested by IHC. Samples with weaker signal intensity were negative in IHC. P16 expression was not associated with the presence of MCPyV. Concluding, the detection of MCPyV DNA by PCR and FISH in SK reflects the widespread prevalence of MCPyV in the skin. However, low detection rates exclude MCPyV as a major pathogenic factor in SK, most likely representing a coincidental infection. P16 IHC does not appear as useful adjunctive surrogate marker for the presence of MCPyV in SK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Hillen
- Department of Pathology and GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dorit Rennspiess
- Department of Pathology and GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ernst-Jan Speel
- Department of Pathology and GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anke M Haugg
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Véronique Winnepenninckx
- Department of Pathology and GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Axel Zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology and GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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11
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Teymouri M, Pirro M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Curcumin as a multifaceted compound against human papilloma virus infection and cervical cancers: A review of chemistry, cellular, molecular, and preclinical features. Biofactors 2017; 43:331-346. [PMID: 27896883 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, the bioactive polyphenolic ingredient of turmeric, has been extensively studied for its effects on human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as well as primary and malignant squamous cervical cancers. HPV infections, especially those related to HPV 16 and 18 types, have been established as the leading cause of cervical cancer; however, there are also additional contributory factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of cervical cancers. Curcumin has emerged as having promising chemopreventive and anticancer effects against both HPV-related and nonrelated cervical cancers. In this review, we first discuss the biological relevance of curcumin and both its pharmacological effects and pharmaceutical considerations from a chemical point of view. Next, the signaling pathways that are modulated by curcumin and are relevant to the elimination of HPV infection and treatment of cervical cancer are discussed. We also present counter arguments regarding the effects of curcumin on signaling pathways and molecular markers dysregulated by benzo(a)pyrene (Bap), a carcinogen found in pathological cervical lesions of women who smoke frequently, and estradiol, as two important risk factors involved in persistent HPV-infection and cervical cancer. Finally, various strategies to enhance the pharmacological activity and pharmacokinetic characteristics of curcumin are discussed with examples of studies in experimental models of cervical cancer. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(3):331-346, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouchehr Teymouri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhosein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Khazaei S, Izadi B, Mirbahari SG, Madani SH, Malek Khosravi S, Emami Alagha M, Sajadimajd S. Comparison Between Two Detection Methods for HPV16, HPV18 and P16Ink4a Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Abnormal Cervical Cytology. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:5223-5227. [PMID: 28125865 PMCID: PMC5454662 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.12.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in many populations. While the Pap smear is a well established screening test it suffers from both false-positive and false-negative results in diagnosis of cancers and precancerous states. In this study, immunocytochemistry of the P16 biomarker and HPV-PCR were compared for their diagnostic potential. Materials and methods: In the study, we obtained pairs of specimens from 45 women with cervical dysplasia. One sample was placed in a liquid-based solution, and processed for staining of sections with antibodies to P16. HPV-PCR was performed on the other and the results obtained were analyzed by T-test using SPSS v. 15. Results: Using HPV-PCR 71% of the samples were found to be infected with either HPV 16 or HPV 18, and the rate of infection did not have a statistically significant relationship with higher grades of dysplasia (p= 0.253). In contrast, with immunocytochemistry evaluation of P16, 64% of the specimens were positive, but the percentage of positive results significantly increased with higher grades of dysplasia (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Employment of the P16 marker as an optional test might be preferable over HPV-PCR for cervical dysplasia in our geographical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Khazaei
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza University Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Clinical Utility of Molecular Biomarkers in Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in a Young Adult Population. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2016; 20:26-30. [PMID: 26579841 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL/CIN) and cancer to develop, exposure to HPV is not predictive of which women will develop SIL/CIN and cancer. This study examines mRNA expression of several potential biomarkers in exfoliated cervical cells collected from college-aged women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshman female students were recruited into the Carolina Women's Care Study, which was designed to prospectively evaluate factors that contribute to persistent HPV infections. One component of this study was to extract mRNA from exfoliated cervical cells. In this study, mRNA expression of Frizzled (FZD), growth differentiating factor 15, interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), and N-cadherin was assessed through real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed with a Student t test; all results were standardized with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. RESULTS Fifty samples were selected that reflected the demographics of the Carolina Women's Care Study participants. IL1β mRNA expression was 9.4-fold higher in cervical cells from women with abnormal Pap tests (p = .0018); low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion had 12.7-fold higher expression than negatives (p = .0011). The FZD mRNA expression was 5.7-fold higher in CIN 2 as compared with CIN 1 (p = .0041) and 8.5-fold higher compared with cytology/pathology negative (p = .0014). Other differences in mRNA expression showed trends but not reaching statistical significance for each condition. CONCLUSIONS It seems that several biomarkers involved in the cytokine/inflammatory pathway (IL1β), cell adhesion pathway (N-cadherin), growth factor (growth differentiating factor 15), and Wingless (WNT) signaling pathway (FZD) may be potential biomarkers in conjunction with the Pap test and HPV that help predict which women are at highest risk for developing CIN 3 and cervical cancer.
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Chen Y, Cui Z, Xiao Z, Hu M, Jiang C, Lin Y, Chen Y. PAX1 and SOX1 methylation as an initial screening method for cervical cancer: a meta-analysis of individual studies in Asians. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:365. [PMID: 27826568 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.09.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations of gene or DNA methylation have been highlighted as promising biomarkers for early cervical cancer screening. Herein, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) and sex determining region Y-box 1 (SOX1) methylation for cervical cancer detection. METHODS Eligible studies were retrieved by searching the electronic databases. Study quality was assessed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) checklist. The bivariate meta-analysis model was employed to plot the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS The pooled sensitivity of PAX1 methylation was estimated to be 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-0.75] in differentiating patients with HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) or CIN3+ (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type III/worse) or cervical cancer from normal individuals, corresponding to a specificity of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85-0.89) and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91. The SOX1 methylation test yielded an AUC of 0.82, under which, the pooled sensitivity was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.67-0.74) and specificity was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.61-0.67). Notably, the stratified analysis suggested that combing parallel testing of PAX1 methylation and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA (AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.89, 0.75, and 0.81, respectively) achieved higher accuracy than single HPV DNA testing (AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.77, 0.81, and 0.70, respectively). CONCLUSIONS PAX1 or SOX1 methylation has a prospect to be an auxiliary biomarker for cervical cancer screening, and parallel testing of PAX1 methylation and HPV DNA in cervical swabs confers an improved diagnostic accuracy than single HPV DNA testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Zhaolei Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Zhenzhou Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Minhua Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Chuanhui Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yansong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
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Wilson JL, Dalin S, Gosline S, Hemann M, Fraenkel E, Lauffenburger DA. Pathway-based network modeling finds hidden genes in shRNA screen for regulators of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:761-74. [PMID: 27315426 PMCID: PMC5224708 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Data integration stands to improve interpretation of RNAi screens which, as a result of off-target effects, typically yield numerous gene hits of which only a few validate. These off-target effects can result from seed matches to unintended gene targets (reagent-based) or cellular pathways, which can compensate for gene perturbations (biology-based). We focus on the biology-based effects and use network modeling tools to discover pathways de novo around RNAi hits. By looking at hits in a functional context, we can uncover novel biology not identified from any individual 'omics measurement. We leverage multiple 'omic measurements using the Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Networks (SAMNet) computational framework to model a genome scale shRNA screen investigating Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) progression in vivo. Our network model is enriched for cellular processes associated with hematopoietic differentiation and homeostasis even though none of the individual 'omic sets showed this enrichment. The model identifies genes associated with the TGF-beta pathway and predicts a role in ALL progression for many genes without this functional annotation. We further experimentally validate the hidden genes - Wwp1, a ubiquitin ligase, and Hgs, a multi-vesicular body associated protein - for their role in ALL progression. Our ALL pathway model includes genes with roles in multiple types of leukemia and roles in hematological development. We identify a tumor suppressor role for Wwp1 in ALL progression. This work demonstrates that network integration approaches can compensate for off-target effects, and that these methods can uncover novel biology retroactively on existing screening data. We anticipate that this framework will be valuable to multiple functional genomic technologies - siRNA, shRNA, and CRISPR - generally, and will improve the utility of functional genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Wilson
- Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , 16-343 , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-617-252-1629
| | - Simona Dalin
- Department of Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA
| | - Sara Gosline
- Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , 16-343 , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-617-252-1629
| | - Michael Hemann
- Department of Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , 16-343 , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-617-252-1629
- Department of Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , 16-343 , Cambridge MA 02139 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-617-252-1629
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Li SR, Wang ZM, Wang YH, Wang XB, Zhao JQ, Xue HB, Jiang FG. Value of PAX1 Methylation Analysis by MS-HRM in the Triage of Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:5843-6. [PMID: 26320460 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of cervical high grade lesions in patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) is still a challenge. Our study tested the efficacy of the paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) methylation analysis by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) in the detection of high grade lesions in ASCUS and compared performance with the hybrid capture 2 (HC2) human papillomavirus (HPV) test. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 463 consecutive ASCUS women from primary screening were selected. Their cervical scrapings were collected and assessed by PAX1 methylation analysis (MS-HRM) and high-risk HPV-DNA test (HC2). All patients with ASCUS were admitted to colposcopy and cervical biopsies. The Chi- square test was used to test the differences of PAX1 methylation or HPV infection between groups. RESULTS The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for detecting CIN2 + lesions were: 95.6%, 82.4%, and 94.6%, respectively, for the PAX1 MS-HRM test; and 59.7%, 64.7%, and 60.0% for the HC2 HPV test. CONCLUSIONS The PAX1 methylation analysis by MS-HRM demonstrated a better performance than the high-risk HPV-DNA test for the detection of high grade lesions (CIN2 +) in ASCUS cases. This approach could screen out the majority of low grade cases of ASCUS, and thus reduce the referral rate to colposcopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Rong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang City People's Hospital, Weifang, China E-mail :
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Jearanaikoon P, Prakrankamanant P, Leelayuwat C, Wanram S, Limpaiboon T, Promptmas C. The evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification-quartz crystal microbalance (LAMP-QCM) biosensor as a real-time measurement of HPV16 DNA. J Virol Methods 2016; 229:8-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Expression of pRb and p16INK4 in human thymic epithelial tumors in relation to the presence of human polyomavirus 7. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:201. [PMID: 26537237 PMCID: PMC4634587 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently reported the presence of the Human polyomavirus 7 (HPyV7) in human thymic epithelial tumors as assessed by diverse molecular techniques. Here we report on the co-expression of p16, retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (phospho-Rb) in human thymic epithelial tumors in relation to HPyV7. Methods PRB, phospho-RB and p16 expression was assessed by immuno-histochemistry in 37 thymomas and 2 thymic carcinomas. 17 thymomas (46 %) and 1 thymic carcinoma (50 %) were recently tested positive for HPyV7. In addition, 20 follicular hyperplasias were tested. Results Expression of pRb was observed in 35 thymomas (94.6 %), in 16 thymomas (43.2 %) the expression was strong. Phospho-Rb was observed in 31 thymomas (83.8 %). 19 thymomas (51.4 %) showed immunoreactivity for p16 of which 8 thymomas revealed very strong p16 expression. No p16 expression was detected in thymic carcinomas. In addition, no significant correlation between the presence of HPyV7 and pRb-, phospho-Rb- and p16-expression could be established. No correlation between pRb, phospho-Rb, p16 and WHO staging, Masaoka-Koga staging or the presence of MG was found. All 20 follicular hyperplasias showed expression of pRb and less expression of phospho-Rb. Conclusions Although polyomaviruses have been shown to interact with cell cycle proteins no correlation between the presence of HPyV7 and the expression of pRb, phospho-Rb and p16 in human thymic epithelial tumors was observed. In as much HPyV7 contributes to human thymomagenesis remains to be established. Our data indicate pRb, phospho-Rb and p16 expression are rather unlikely to be involved in HPyV7 related thymomagenesis.
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Zhou F, Pulinthanathu R, Elgert P, Cangiarella J, Simsir A. Sensitivity of high-risk HPVHybrid Capture II (hrHPV HC2) test using SurePathTMspecimens in the prediction of cervical high-grade squamous lesions. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 43:381-7. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Pathology; New York University School of Medicine; New York
| | | | - Paul Elgert
- Department of Pathology; New York University School of Medicine; New York
| | - Joan Cangiarella
- Department of Pathology; New York University School of Medicine; New York
| | - Aylin Simsir
- Department of Pathology; New York University School of Medicine; New York
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Huang K, Li LA, Meng Y, You Y, Fu X, Song L. High expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is associated with progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and unfavorable prognosis in cervical cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:297. [PMID: 24256614 PMCID: PMC3866971 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1) plays an important role in the development and progression of certain types of human cancers. However, the expression dynamics of AEG-1 in cervical cancer and its clinical/prognostic significance are unclear. Method In present study, the methods of tissue microarrays (TMA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilized to investigate AEG-1 expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier plots, and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The expression level of AEG-1 was increased from CIN I to CIN III. High expression of AEG-1 could be observed in 61.1% (55/90) of cervical cancer. Moreover, high expression of AEG-1 correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis (all P <0.05). More importantly, high expression of AEG-1 was closely associated with cervical cancer patient shortened survival time as evidenced by univariate and multivariate analysis (P <0.05). Conclusions Our data suggest for the first time that high expression of AEG-1 is associated significantly with progression of cervical cancer. AEG-1 overexpression, as examined by IHC, has the potential to be used as an immunomarker to predict prognosis of cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuanguang Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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Vale DB, Westin MC, Zeferino LC. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in women aged <30 years has a prevalence pattern resembling low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Cancer Cytopathol 2013; 121:576-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diama B. Vale
- School of Medicine; Rondonia Federal University; Rondonia Brazil
- School of Medicine; Campinas State University; Campinas Brazil
| | - Maria C. Westin
- School of Medicine; Campinas State University; Campinas Brazil
- Dr. Jose Aristodemos Pinotti Women's Hospital; Campinas State University; Campinas Brazil
| | - Luiz C. Zeferino
- School of Medicine; Campinas State University; Campinas Brazil
- Dr. Jose Aristodemos Pinotti Women's Hospital; Campinas State University; Campinas Brazil
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Ishida K, Araki A, Kobayashi M, Taniyama K, Nabika T, Nagasaki M. An evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic significance of p16(INK4a) /p21(WAF1/Cip1) immunostaining in squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix using liquid-based cytology specimens. Diagn Cytopathol 2013; 42:125-33. [PMID: 23754829 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection frequently causes squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) of the uterine cervix and consequently gives rise to squamous cell carcinoma. It is therefore important to identify cases that potentially develop higher grades of SIL at an early stage of the disease. In this study, we thus investigated whether immunocytochemistry for p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p16(INK4a) could be applicable in the diagnosis and the prognostic prediction of SIL in combination with genomic analyses of HPV. The genomic analysis of high-risk HPV (hrHPV), which was done by reversed dot blotting and by in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry were performed on liquid-based cytological specimens. A cross-sectional study comprising 145 cases of NILM, ASC-US, LSIL, and HSIL indicated that the incidence of the positive cases for p16(INK4a) and p21(WAF1/Cip1) and hrHPV increased with the grade of SIL. A double positive status for p16(INK4a) and p21(WAF1/Cip1) was a significant discriminator between HSIL and LSIL/NILM, even when applied in conjunction with the genomic test for hrHPV (P = 0.006 by logistic regression analysis). However, a prospective study employing 61 NILM/ASC-US cases, revealed that the p16(INK4a) /p21(WAF1/Cip1) immunostaining was not a significant predictor for the progression of SIL, whereas the cytological diagnosis (NILM vs. ASC-US) and the infection status of hrHPV conferred significant effects on the prognosis. Immunostaining of p16(INK4a) and p21(WAF1/Cip1) provides additional information on the cytological diagnosis of SIL. A further analysis using a larger population is warranted to obtain a conclusive result regarding the prognostic significance of p16(INK4a) /p21(WAF1/Cip1) immunocytochemistry in the diagnosis of SIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunari Ishida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The National Hospital Organization Hamada Medical Center, Hamada, Japan; Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Zeng C, Yao Y, Jie W, Zhang M, Hu X, Zhao Y, Wang S, Yin J, Song Y. Up-regulation of Foxp3 participates in progression of cervical cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:481-7. [PMID: 22986453 PMCID: PMC11029317 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3 was identified as a key protein in mediating inhibitory functions of regulatory T cell (Treg). Foxp3 was thought to express only in the T cell lineage until recently when some researches reported that Foxp3 was also expressed by cancer cells. In this study, we describe for the first time the expression of Foxp3 in cervical cancer. Progression from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to cervical cancer is a multistep process initiated by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). P16(INK4a) is a crucial marker of HPV integration into host cells. In the present study, expressions of Foxp3 and P16(INK4a) in CIN and cervical cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry. Our results found expression level of Foxp3 was increased during the progression of cervical neoplasia. Moreover, up-regulation of Foxp3 appeared to be correlated with the expression of P16(INK4a). Examination of the role of Foxp3 in differentiation by double immunostaining for cytokeratin 10 (CK10) showed significant association between Foxp3 expression and differentiation (Foxp3 vs CK10). Furthermore, positive expression of Foxp3 was correlated with tumor size. These data suggest that Foxp3 may play an important role in differentiation and growth of cervical cancer cells. Our findings provide new insights regarding the role of Foxp3 in differentiation and its association with HPV infection during the development of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Yunhong Yao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Wei Jie
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hui Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangmen, 529100 China
| | - Xinrong Hu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Immunology, GGuangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Jinbao Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 China
| | - Yulan Song
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Maranga IO, Hampson L, Oliver AW, He X, Gichangi P, Rana F, Opiyo A, Hampson IN. HIV Infection Alters the Spectrum of HPV Subtypes Found in Cervical Smears and Carcinomas from Kenyan Women. Open Virol J 2013; 7:19-27. [PMID: 23494633 PMCID: PMC3594704 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901307010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with high risk HPV is implicated in pre-cancerous squamous intraepithelial lesions and their progression to cervical cancer. In the developed countries, infection with HPV 16 and 18 accounts for ~70% of cervical cancers, but it has been established that HPV type prevalence differs according to worldwide geographical location. In sub Saharan Africa infection with HPV is known to be augmented by HIV, which is endemic in this region. It is not yet clear, however, whether this ultimately influences progression to cervical cancer. PapillocheckTM and multiplex PCR were used to determine the range of HPV genotypes found in cervical smears and carcinomas from HIV positive and negative Kenyan women. Smear samples from HIV-positive women had a higher prevalence of: multiple HPV infections; high-risk HPVs 52, 58, 68, potential high risk 53/70, low-risk 44/55 and abnormal cytology compared to HIV-negative women. A low overall prevalence (~8%) of types 16/18 was found in all smear samples tested (n = 224) although this increased in invasive cervical carcinoma tissues to ~80% for HIV-negative and ~46% for HIV-positive women. Furthermore, HPV45 was more common in cervical carcinoma tissues from HIV-positive women. In summary HIV infection appears to alter the spectrum of HPV types found in both cervical smears and invasive cervical carcinomas. It is hypothesised there could be a complex interplay between these viruses which could either positively or negatively influence the rate of progression to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent O Maranga
- Viral Oncology Laboratories, University of Manchester Institute of Cancer Sciences, Research Floor 5, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK ; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Mitosis is a source of potential markers for screening and survival and therapeutic targets in cervical cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55975. [PMID: 23405241 PMCID: PMC3566100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of preventive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on the reduction of the cervical cancer (CC) burden will not be known for 30 years. Therefore, it's still necessary to improve the procedures for CC screening and treatment. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize cellular targets that could be considered potential markers for screening or therapeutic targets. A pyramidal strategy was used. Initially the expression of 8,638 genes was compared between 43 HPV16-positive CCs and 12 healthy cervical epitheliums using microarrays. A total of 997 genes were deregulated, and 21 genes that showed the greatest deregulation were validated using qRT-PCR. The 6 most upregulated genes (CCNB2, CDC20, PRC1, SYCP2, NUSAP1, CDKN3) belong to the mitosis pathway. They were further explored in 29 low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN1) and 21 high-grade CIN (CIN2/3) to investigate whether they could differentiate CC and CIN2/3 (CIN2+) from CIN1 and controls. CCNB2, PRC1, and SYCP2 were mostly associated with CC and CDC20, NUSAP1, and CDKN3 were also associated with CIN2/3. The sensitivity and specificity of CDKN3 and NUSAP1 to detect CIN2+ was approximately 90%. The proteins encoded by all 6 genes were shown upregulated in CC by immunohistochemistry. The association of these markers with survival was investigated in 42 CC patients followed up for at least 42 months. Only CDKN3 was associated with poor survival and it was independent from clinical stage (HR = 5.9, 95%CI = 1.4-23.8, p = 0.01). CDKN3 and NUSAP1 may be potential targets for the development of screening methods. Nevertheless, further studies with larger samples are needed to define the optimal sensitivity and specificity. Inhibition of mitosis is a well-known strategy to combat cancers. Therefore, CDKN3 may be not only a screening and survival marker but a potential therapeutic target in CC. However, whether it's indispensable for tumor growth remains to be demonstrated.
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Darlin L, Borgfeldt C, Forslund O, Hénic E, Dillner J, Kannisto P. Vaginal self-sampling without preservative for human papillomavirus testing shows good sensitivity. J Clin Virol 2013; 56:52-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alexander RE, Hu Y, Kum JB, Montironi R, Lopez-Beltran A, Maclennan GT, Idrees MT, Emerson RE, Ulbright TM, Grignon DG, Eble JN, Cheng L. p16 expression is not associated with human papillomavirus in urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:1526-33. [PMID: 22684221 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is unusual and of unknown etiology. There is a well-established association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the development of cervical and head/neck squamous cell carcinomas. However, the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is uncertain. The purposes of this study were to investigate the possible role of HPV in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and to determine if p16 expression could serve as a surrogate marker for HPV in this malignancy. In all, 42 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and 27 cases of urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation were investigated. HPV infection was analyzed by both in situ hybridization at the DNA level and immunohistochemistry at the protein level. p16 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. HPV DNA and protein were not detected in 42 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (0%, 0/42) or 27 cases of urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation (0%, 0/15). p16 expression was detected in 13 cases (31%, 13/42) of squamous cell carcinoma and 9 cases (33%, 9/27) of urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation. There was no correlation between p16 expression and the presence of HPV infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder or urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation. Our data suggest that HPV does not play a role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder or urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation. p16 expression should not be used as a surrogate marker for evidence of HVP infection in either squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder or urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation as neither HVP DNA nor protein is detectable in these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley E Alexander
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Saavedra KP, Brebi PM, Roa JCS. Epigenetic alterations in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix. Clin Epigenetics 2012; 4:13. [PMID: 22938091 PMCID: PMC3502457 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-4-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most malignant tumors and the second or third most common type of cancer in women worldwide. The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and CC is widely known and accepted (99.7% of cases). At present, the pathogenesis mechanisms of CC are not entirely clear. It has been shown that inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes play a significant role in carcinogenesis, caused by the genetic and epigenetic alterations. In the past, it was generally thought that genetic mutation was a key event of tumor pathogenesis, especially somatic mutation of tumor suppressor genes. With deeper understanding of tumors in recent years, increasing evidence has shown that epigenetic silencing of those genes, as a result of aberrant hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoters and histone modification, is essential to carcinogenesis and metastasis. The term epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression caused by regulation mechanisms, other than changes in DNA sequence. Specific epigenetic processes include DNA methylation, chromotin remodeling, histone modification, and microRNA regulations. These alterations, in combination or individually, make it possible to establish the methylation profiles, histone modification maps, and expression profiles characteristic of this pathology, which become useful tools for screening, early detection, or prognostic markers in cervical cancer. This paper reviews recent epigenetics research progress in the CC study, and tries to depict the relationships between CC and DNA methylation, histone modification, as well as microRNA regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P Saavedra
- Universidad de La Frontera, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, BIOREN-CEGIN, Temuco, Chile.
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Direct human papillomavirus E6 whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for objective measurement of E6 oncoproteins in cytology samples. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1474-9. [PMID: 22815148 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00388-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel, whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a non-type-specific anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 antibody was tested on 182 residual cytological specimens. For samples with a designation of more severe than cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3+), 83% tested positive for E6; in a subset with paired testing for E6 ELISA and HPV DNA, 72% tested E6 positive and 92% tested high-risk (HR)-HPV DNA positive (P = 0.2). Among the women with a less than CIN3 diagnosis, 31% and 47% tested positive for E6 and HR-HPV DNA, respectively (P = 0.0006).
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Chan PKS, Picconi MA, Cheung TH, Giovannelli L, Park JS. Laboratory and clinical aspects of human papillomavirus testing. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2012; 49:117-36. [PMID: 22913405 PMCID: PMC3469219 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2012.707174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with a wide spectrum of disease that ranges from self-limited skin warts to life-threatening cancers. Since HPV plays a necessary etiological role in cervical cancer, it is logical to use HPV as a marker for early detection of cervical cancer and precancer. Recent advances in technology enable the development of high-throughput HPV assays of different formats, including DNA-based, mRNA-based, high-risk group-specific and type-specific methods. The ultimate goal of these assays is to improve the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of cervical screening programs. HPV testing has several potential advantages compared to cytology-based screening. However, since the cancer to transient infection ratio is always low in the general population, HPV test results are bound to have a low positive predictive value that may subject women to unnecessary follow-up investigations. The wide-spread administration of prophylactic HPV vaccine will substantially decrease the incidence of cancer and precancer. This poses a number of challenges to cytology-based screening, and the role of HPV testing is expected to increase. Finally, apart from technical and cost-effectiveness considerations, one should also keep in mind the psycho-social impact of using sexually-transmitted agents as a marker for cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Jenkins M, Chiriva-Internati M, Mirandola L, Tonroy C, Tedjarati SS, Davis N, D'Cunha N, Tijani L, Hardwick F, Nguyen D, Kast WM, Cobos E. Perspective for prophylaxis and treatment of cervical cancer: an immunological approach. Int Rev Immunol 2012; 31:3-21. [PMID: 22251005 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2011.637254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
As the second most common cause of cancer-related death in women, human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines have been a major step in decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer. An estimated 490,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year. Increasing knowledge of the HPV role in the etiology of cervical cancer has led to the development and introduction of HPV-based vaccines for active immunotherapy of cervical cancer. Immunotherapies directed at preventing HPV-persistent infections. These vaccines are already accessible for prophylaxis and in the near future, they will be available for the treatment of preexisting HPV-related neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Jenkins
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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Hogarth S, Hopkins MM, Rodriguez V. A molecular monopoly? HPV testing, the Pap smear and the molecularisation of cervical cancer screening in the USA. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2012; 34:234-250. [PMID: 22118240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
DNA-based molecular testing for human papillomavirus has emerged as a novel approach to cervical cancer screening in the context of well-entrenched existing technology, the Pap smear. This article seeks to elucidate the process of molecularisation in the context of screening programmes. We illustrate how, although Pap has long been problematised and could be seen as a competing technological option, the existing networks and regime for Pap were important in supporting the entrenchment process for the artefacts, techniques and new diagnostics industry entrant, Digene, associated with the new test. The article provides insights into how the molecularisation of screening unfolds in a mainstream market. We reveal an incremental and accretive, rather than revolutionary, process led by new commercial interests in an era when diagnostic innovation is increasingly privatised. We show Digene's reliance on patents, an international scientific network and their position as an obligatory point of passage in the clinical research field with regard to the new technology's role, as well as on controversial new marketing practices. The article is based on a mixed method approach, drawing on a wide range of contemporary sources (including patents, statutory filings by companies, scientific literature and news sources) as well as interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Hogarth
- Department of Political Economy, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
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33
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Biomarkers of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2012:507286. [PMID: 22131995 PMCID: PMC3205687 DOI: 10.1155/2012/507286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although cervical cytology screening has decreased the incidence of cervical cancer in industrialized countries, HPV-related cervical disease, including premalignant and malignant lesions, continues to represent a major burden on the health care system. Some of the problems include the potential for either under- or overtreatment of women due to decreased specificity of screening tests as well as significant interobserver variability in the diagnosis of cervical dysplastic lesions. Although not completely elucidated, the HPV-driven molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cervical lesions have provided a number of potential biomarkers for both diagnostic and prognostic use in the clinical management of these women.
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Lukic A, Sbenaglia G, Carico E, DI Properzio M, Giarnieri E, Frega A, Nobili F, Moscarini M, Giovagnoli MR. Prediction of clinical outcome using p16INK4a immunocytochemical expression in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high-risk HPV-positive atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in patients with and without colposcopic evident cervical disease. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:853-858. [PMID: 22977588 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
p16INK4a as a diagnostic marker of a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2+ (CIN2+) in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytological samples has been analyzed, but has not yet been included in clinical routine practice. One hundred and ninety-one patients with an abnormal Pap test (84 ASC-US and 107 LSILs) who underwent colposcopy were selected for this study. At enrollment, 96 patients (Group 1) had a positive colposcopy and therefore underwent a cervical biopsy, while 95 (Group 2) had a negative colposcopy and were followed up for up to 1 year. Both groups were tested for p16INK4a using immunocytochemical methods, and the p16INK4a results were correlated with histology or follow-up outcome. In Group 1 ASC-US cases, 82% of lesions less than CIN2 were p16INK4a-negative and all CIN2 cases were p16INK4a-positive (p=0.00044). In Group 1 LSIL cases, 71% of lesions less than CIN2 were p16INK4a-negative and 87% of CIN2/3 were p16INK4a-positive (p=0.00033). Seventy-seven percent of Group 2 ASC-US patients with a negative 1-year follow-up (NF-U) were p16INK4a-negative at enrollment, while all patients with positive follow-up (PF-U) were p16INK4a-positive (p=0.00113). In Group 2 LSIL cases, 83% of patients with NF-U were p16INK4a-negative, while 65% of patients with PF-U were p16INK4a-positive at enrollment (p=0.0014). In fact, 39% of the positive p16INK4a LSIL patients had CIN2+ histological lesions. The positive predictive value of p16INK4a for CIN2+ was 50% in ASC-US and 52% in LSIL cases; the negative predictive value was 100 and 94%, respectively. In conclusion, in our patients, a negative p16INK4a appears to be a marker of the absence of CIN3, while a positive p16INK4a can be correlated with the presence of histological CIN2+ found at enrollment or during the subsequent follow-up. Thus, its clinical predictive value is independent from the colposcopic aspect at enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankica Lukic
- Dipartimento Salute della Donna e Medicina Territoriale, UOC Ginecologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00189 Rome
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36
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Chao TK, Ke FY, Liao YP, Wang HC, Yu CP, Lai HC. Triage of cervical cytological diagnoses of atypical squamous cells by DNA methylation of paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1). Diagn Cytopathol 2011; 41:41-6. [PMID: 21710649 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Detection of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in patients with equivocal cytological abnormalities, such as atypical squamous cells (ASC) of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or inability to exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) is still a challenge. This study tested the efficacy of PAX1 methylation analysis in the triage of cervical ASCUS and ASC-H and compared its performance with Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) HPV test. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Cervical scrapings from patients with ASCUS or ASC-H were used for the quantitative methylation analysis of PAX1 methylation by MethyLight and HPV testing by HC2. Patients with ASC-H or ASCUS with repeated abnormal smears underwent colposcopic biopsy and subsequent therapies. Diagnoses were made by histopathology at a follow-up of 2 years. The efficacies of detecting high-grade lesions were compared. Fifty-eight cervical scrapings with cytological diagnosis of ASCUS (n = 41) and ASC-H (n = 17) were analyzed. One of the 41 (2.4%) ASCUS patients and seven of 17 (41.2%) ASC-H patients were confirmed to have HSIL. After dichotomy of the PMR, PAX1 methylation rates were significantly higher in ASC developing HSIL compared with those developing reactive atypia (87.5% vs. 12.5%, P < 0.001). Testing PAX1 methylation in cervical swabs of patients with ASC confers better sensitivity (87.5% vs. 62.5%) and specificity (98.0% vs. 86.0%) than HC2 HPV testing. We show for the first time that PAX1 hypermethylation analysis may be a better choice than HC2 in the triage of ASCUS and ASC-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Kuang Chao
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Vuong TTK, Vever-Bizet C, Bonneau S, Bourg-Heckly G. Hypericin incorporation and localization in fixed HeLa cells for various conditions of fixation and incubation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:561-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Zeng WJ, Li Y, Fei HL, Cheng XD, Ye F, Lü WG, Xie X. The value of p16ink4a expression by fluorescence in situ hybridization in triage for high risk HPV positive in cervical cancer screening. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 120:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zegels G, Van Raemdonck GA, Tjalma WA, Van Ostade XW. Use of cervicovaginal fluid for the identification of biomarkers for pathologies of the female genital tract. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:63. [PMID: 21143851 PMCID: PMC3016264 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervicovaginal fluid has an important function in the homeostasis and immunity of the lower female genital tract. Analysis of the cervicovaginal fluid proteome may therefore yield important information about the pathogenesis of numerous gynecological pathologies. Additionally, cervicovaginal fluid has great potential as a source of biomarkers for these conditions. This review provides a detailed discussion about the human cervicovaginal proteome and the proteomics studies performed to characterize this biological fluid. Furthermore, infection-correlated pathological conditions of the female genital tract are discussed for which cervicovaginal fluid has been used in order to identify potential biomarkers. Recent years, numerous studies have analyzed cervicovaginal fluid samples utilizing antibody-based technologies, such as ELISA or Western blotting, to identify biomarkers for preterm birth, premature preterm rupture of membranes, bacterial vaginosis and cervical cancer. The present article will discuss the importance of proteomic technologies as alternative techniques to gain additional meaningful information about these conditions. In addition, the review focuses on recent proteomic studies on cervicovaginal fluid samples for the identification of potential biomarkers. We conclude that the use of proteomic technology for analysis of human cervicovaginal fluid samples is promising and may lead to the discovery of new biomarkers which can improve disease prevention and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Zegels
- Laboratory of Proteinscience, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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40
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Gupta N, Srinivasan R, Rajwanshi A. Functional biomarkers in cervical precancer: an overview. Diagn Cytopathol 2010; 38:618-23. [PMID: 19941372 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer develops over a long time through precursor lesions that can be detected by cytological screening. Majority of these lesions regress spontaneously. Therefore, the challenge of cervical cancer screening is to detect the lesions that have a high risk of progression. Several promising biomarkers have been described that may improve screening of cervical cancer, but to date, new biomarkers have not been thoroughly validated in high-quality studies. The knowledge about human papillomavirus as a causative agent of cervical cancer has accumulated over the last decades has opened the possibility to improve the existing prevention strategies and screening practices. p16 has amply been applied on cytologic samples and has been shown to be a promising marker especially in identification of high-grade dysplasia. ProEx C, a replication marker, has also been recently shown to be a good marker for identification of high-grade dysplasia and has been used on cytologic samples. Proliferation markers such as MYC, Ki67, telomerase, MCM, topoisomerase 2A and 3q amplification by in situ hybridization technique are other methods being employed in identification of high-grade dysplasia. However, currently available data on most of the biomarkers does not warrant their routine use yet. This review highlights the major findings of previous studies on cervical cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Gupta
- Department of Cytopathology and Gynecologic Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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41
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Singh M, Singh N. Curcumin counteracts the proliferative effect of estradiol and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 347:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sabath AP, Kiviat NB. Detection and Classification of Cervical Neoplasia in the Era of HPV. PATHOLOGY CASE REVIEWS 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/pcr.0b013e3181e711ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Senba M, Mori N, Fujita S, Jutavijittum P, Yousukh A, Toriyama K, Wada A. Relationship among human papillomavirus infection, p16(INK4a), p53 and NF-κB activation in penile cancer from northern Thailand. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:599-603. [PMID: 22966350 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoproteins are essential factors for HPV oncogenesis. These E6 and E7 gene products play a central role in the induction of malignant transformation by interacting with several cellular regulatory proteins such as p16(INK4a), p53 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). In the present study, conducted in northern Thailand, HPV-DNA was detected in penile cancer cases using an in situ hybridization procedure and p16(INK4a), p53 and NF-κB were detected by immunohistochemistry. Using the cell cycle regulatory proteins p16(INK4a) (61.5%) and p53 (71.8%), it was found that of the 51 cases, 39 (76.5%) were HPV-DNA-positive in penile cancer. On the other hand, 25% p16(INK4a) and 75% p53, respectively, were found in HPV-negative cases. Prevalence of HPV infection (76.5%) was shown in penile cancer cases in northern Thailand. No difference was found between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases with respect to the presence of the cell cycle regulatory protein p53. On the other hand, p16(INK4a) was found to be different between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, such as p16(INK4a) and p53, to genetic instability, cell immortalization, accumulation of mutations and cancer formation, with or without HPV and irrespective of HPV infection, is therefore suggested. Of the 39 HPV-positive cases, 35 (89.7%) were NF-κB-positive in the nucleus, 29 (74.4%) in the cytoplasm and 37 (94.9%) in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm. NF-κB was detected in 4 (33.3%) of the 12 HPV-negative cases. Therefore, we propose that penile cancer cases with HPV infection are more likely to activate NF-κB than those without HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masachika Senba
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523
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44
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Distinctive Association of p16INK4a Overexpression With Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia Depicting Warty and/or Basaloid Features: A Study of 141 Cases Evaluating a New Nomenclature. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34:385-92. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181cdad23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Dyson S, Pitts M, Lyons A, Mullins R. Providing high quality information about human papillomavirus for women after treatment for high-grade cervical dysplasia. Sex Health 2010; 7:49-54. [DOI: 10.1071/sh09059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to inform the production of a resource for women who have had a high-grade cervical abnormality and are scheduled to undergo testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) at their 12-month follow-up. Methods: Two rounds of semi-structured, qualitative interviews were held with women who were attending a gynaecological oncology clinic at a major teaching hospital for women in Melbourne, Australia, 6 months after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to receive a follow-up Pap test and colposcopy. In an initial round of interviews, we gauged the reactions of 16 women to an existing information brochure containing general information about HPV. Based on the findings from the interviews, a second brochure aimed specifically for women scheduled to undergo HPV testing as part of their post treatment follow-up was drafted. Feedback was then gathered from a further 12 women. Results: While all participants had received some information and counselling about HPV and HPV testing as part of their treatment, many still experienced high levels of stress and anxiety about cancer and the sexually transmissible nature of HPV. Many also still had unanswered questions about HPV, their treatment regime and future prognosis. Conclusion: For a brochure to provide an effective adjunct to counselling, it is essential that it is carefully developed and pilot tested to ensure that it is easily understood and meets the information needs of the target audience. Such materials need to provide both medical and psychosocial information about HPV and be presented in accessible, easy to understand language.
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Sui W, Ou M, Dai Y, Chen J, Lan H, Yan Q, Huang H. Gain of the Human Telomerase RNA Gene TERC at 3q26 is Strongly Associated With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009; 19:1303-6. [DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181b62ea5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Evaluation of an array-based method for human papillomavirus detection and genotyping in comparison with conventional methods used in cervical cancer screening. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:2165-9. [PMID: 19439534 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00402-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second-most prevalent cancer in young women around the world. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), especially high-risk HPV types (HR-HPV), is necessary for the development of this cancer. HPV-DNA detection is increasingly being used in cervical cancer screening programs, together with the Papanicolau smear test. We evaluated the usefulness of introducing this new array-based HPV genotyping method (i.e., Clinical Arrays Papillomavirus Humano) in the cervical cancer screening algorithm in our center. The results obtained using this method were compared to those obtained by the hybrid capture II high-risk HPV DNA test (HC-II) and Papanicolau in a selected group of 408 women. The array-based assay was performed in women that were HC-II positive or presented cytological alterations. Among 246 array-positive patients, 123 (50%) presented infection with >or=2 types, and HR-HPV types were detected in 206 (83.7%), mainly HPV-16 (24.0%). Up to 132 (33.2%) specimens were classified as ASCUS (for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance), and only 48 (36.4%) of them were HPV-DNA positive by either assay; however, 78.7% of these cases were caused by HR-HPV types. The agreement between both HPV-DNA detection techniques was fairly good (n = 367). Screening with Papanicolau smear and HC-II tests, followed by HPV detection and genotyping, provided an optimal identification of women at risk for the development of cervical cancer. Furthermore, with the identification of specific genotypes, either in single or multiple infections, a better prediction of disease progression was achieved. The array method also made allowed us to determine the possible contribution of the available vaccines in our setting.
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Koliopoulos G, Valasoulis G, Zilakou E. An update review on HPV testing methods for cervical neoplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 3:123-31. [DOI: 10.1517/17530050802705680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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49
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Haidopoulos D, Partsinevelos GA, Vlachos GD, Rodolakis A, Markaki S, Voulgaris Z, Diakomanolis E, Antsaklis A. p16 INK4A Is a Strong Biomarker for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Invasive Cervical Carcinoma: A Reappraisal. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:685-93. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719109334259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Haidopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Alexandra" Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George A. Partsinevelos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Alexandra" Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece,
| | - George D. Vlachos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Alexandra" Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Rodolakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Alexandra" Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sonia Markaki
- Department of Pathology, "Alexandra" Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Zannis Voulgaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Alexandra" Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Diakomanolis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Alexandra" Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Antsaklis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Alexandra" Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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50
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Molecular HPV Typing as a Diagnostic Tool to Discriminate Primary From Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung. Am J Surg Pathol 2009; 33:513-20. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181938319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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