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Zhang X, Chai Y, Lib C D W, Zhao P, Zhang H, Wang P. Can the radiation dose be safely reduced in the treatment of nk/T cell lymphoma? Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38967369 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2370433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility and safety of dose reduction in the radiotherapy of NK/T-cell lymphoma. A retrospective collection of clinical and treatment data was conducted on 41 patients. The analysis aimed to assess whether the reduction in radiation therapy dosage affected patients' local control and survival. Among the 41 patients, all achieved complete remission after the initial treatment. With a median follow-up of 28.4 months, all except one patient demonstrated good control within the irradiated area. In the entire cohort, a total of 6 patients died and none of the deaths were caused by local tumor failure. The 3-year overall survival rate and progression-free survival rate was 83.8%, 94.4%, respectively. The incidence of long-term toxicity was low. It seems safe to reduce the prophylactic radiation dose to 45 Gy and the preliminary treatment results are satisfactory, with further reduction in side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanlan Chai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Peiqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiguo Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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2
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Porte J, Hennequin C, Krizch D, Vercellino L, Guillerm S, Thieblemont C, Quéro L. Extranodal nasal-type NK/T lymphoma treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy: case series from a European tertiary referral center and review of the literature. Strahlenther Onkol 2024; 200:434-443. [PMID: 37945929 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is very rare in western countries and few data are available regarding the prognosis and the outcome of patients treated for this disease. We aimed to evaluate the prognosis, the pattern and risk factors of disease failure after combined therapy and also performed a review of the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients with (ENKTL) who underwent L‑Asparaginase based chemotherapy followed by (chemo-) radiotherapy between 2010 and 2020 in our center. Data on clinical characteristics and irradiation were collected. Failure patterns were recorded as local (tumor site), regional (regional lymph nodes) or distant failure (metastasis and/or nonregional lymph nodes). RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 46 months, disease failure was observed in 8 patients (40%). The 3‑year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 62.5 and 83.0%, respectively. The failure patterns were local (n = 6, 30%), regional (n = 3, 15%) and distant (n = 4, 20%). Among patients with local failure, all failures occurred within the radiation fields (100%). Univariate analysis showed that bilateral regional lymph node involvement (p = 0.0002), initial circulating EBV viral load ≥ 3.5 log (p = 0.03) and no negativation of EBV PCR after induction CT (p = 0.0497) were independent predictors of PFS. CONCLUSION Patients with bilateral lymph node involvement and/or high EBV viral load have a significant recurrence rate despite multimodal therapy. These results need to be confirmed by larger studies. Given the high rate of local recurrence within radiotherapy fields, the value of dose escalation should be considered. Patients at risk of relapse should be included in dedicated trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Porte
- Radiation Oncology department, AP-HP, Hopital Saint Louis, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hennequin
- Radiation Oncology department, AP-HP, Hopital Saint Louis, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
- UMR/CEA, Immuno-Hematology Research Unit (SRHI), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Daphné Krizch
- Hematology department, AP-HP, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Vercellino
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hopital Saint Louis AP-HP, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S942 MASCOT, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guillerm
- Radiation Oncology department, AP-HP, Hopital Saint Louis, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Hematology department, AP-HP, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- INSERM U728, Universite Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Quéro
- Radiation Oncology department, AP-HP, Hopital Saint Louis, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
- INSERM U1160, Universite Paris Cite, Paris, France.
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3
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Yan Z, Yao S, Wang Z, Zhou W, Yao Z, Liu Y. Treatment of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: From past to future. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1088685. [PMID: 36825002 PMCID: PMC9941192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1088685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is the most common subtype of T/NK-cell lymphoma in Asia and Latin America, but very rare in North American and Europe. Patient survival has improved significantly over the past two decades. However, standard treatment has not yet been established, although dozens of prospective trials have been conducted. To help understand how the treatment of ENKTCL has evolved in the past and what trends lie ahead, we have comprehensively reviewed the treatment of this aggressive malignancy, with a particular focus on neglected or unanswered issues, such as the optimal staging method, the best partner of asparaginase (Asp), the individualized administration of Asp, the preferred sequence of CT and RT and so on. Overall, the 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients with Ann Arbor stage I/II disease increased from < 50% in the early 20th century to > 80% in recent years, and the median OS of patients with Ann Arbor stage III/IV disease increased from < 1 year to more than 3 years. The improvement in patient survival is largely attributable to advances in radiation technology and the introduction of Asp and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy into practice. Radiotherapy is essential for patients with early-stage disease, while Asp-based chemotherapy (CT) and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors significantly improved the prognosis of patients with advanced-stage disease. ENKTCL management is trending toward simpler regimens, less toxicity, and higher efficacy. Novel drugs, such as manufactured T cells, monoclonal antibodies, and small molecule inhibitors, are being intensively investigated. Based on the fact that ENKTCL is highly resistant to cytotoxic drugs except Asp, and aggressive CT leads to higher toxicity rather than better outcomes, we recommend it is unnecessary to expend additional resources to compare different combinations of Asp with cytotoxic agents. Instead, more efforts should be made to optimize the use of Asp and immunotherapy to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity, explore ways to overcome resistance to Asp and immunotherapy, identify novel treatment targets, and define subpopulations who may benefit more from specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuna Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhihua Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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4
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Zheng X, Qu B, Liu X, Zhong Q, Qian L, Yang Y, Hou X, Qiao X, Wang H, Zhu Y, Cao J, Wu J, Wu T, Zhu S, Shi M, Zhang H, Zhang X, Su H, Song Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Huang H, Wang Y, Chen F, Yin L, He X, Zhang L, Li Y, Qi S. Characteristics and prognosis of distant metastasis after primary treatment for early-stage extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group database. EJHAEM 2022; 4:78-89. [PMID: 36819187 PMCID: PMC9928645 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of distant metastasis (DM) after primary treatment for early-stage extranodal nasal-type natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). A total of 1619 patients from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group database were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative incidence of DM was assessed using Fine and Gray's competing risk analysis. The correlation between DM sites was evaluated using phi coefficients, while DM sites were classified using hierarchical clustering. Regression analysis was used to assess the linear correlation between DM-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS). The 5-year cumulative DM rate was 26.2%, with the highest annual hazard rate being in the first year (14.9%). The most frequent DM sites were the skin and soft tissues (SSTs, 32.4%) and distant lymph nodes (LNs, 31.3%). DM sites were categorized into four subgroups of distinct prognosis - distant LN, SST, extracutaneous site, and lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. SST or distant LN, solitary metastasis, and late-onset DM demonstrated a relatively favorable prognosis. Contemporary chemotherapy significantly decreased DM rates and improved DMFS. Decreased DM rates were further associated with increased OS probabilities. Our findings improve the understanding of the variable clinical behaviors of early-stage ENKTCL based on four distinct DM sites and thus provide guidance for future therapeutic decisions, metastatic surveillance, and translational trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zheng
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Bao‐Lin Qu
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qiu‐Zi Zhong
- Department of Radiation OncologyBeijing Hospital, National Geriatric Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Li‐Ting Qian
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Radiation OncologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Rong Hou
- Department of Radiation OncologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Xue‐Ying Qiao
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyZhejiangChina
| | - Jian‐Zhong Cao
- Department of Radiation OncologyShanxi Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Jun‐Xin Wu
- Department of Radiation OncologyFujian Provincial Cancer HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of LymphomaAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuizhou Cancer HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Su‐Yu Zhu
- Department of Radiation OncologyHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Mei Shi
- Department of Radiation OncologyXijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Hui‐Lai Zhang
- Department of LymphomaTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Xi‐Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation OncologyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Hang Su
- Department of LymphomaThe Fifth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Qin Song
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of LymphomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of LymphomaPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiation OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui‐Qiang Huang
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyChongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Qinghai UniversityQinghaiChina
| | - Lin Yin
- Department of Radiation OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Qinghai UniversityQinghaiChina
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation OncologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjingChina
| | - Li‐Ling Zhang
- Cancer CenterUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ye‐Xiong Li
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Shu‐Nan Qi
- Department of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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5
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Qi F, Zhou W, Xie Y, Sun Y, Wu M, Chai Y, Chen B, Lin N, Liu W, Ding N, Li Y, Dong M, Song Y, Zhu J. Deep remission from induction chemotherapy predicts favorable long-term survivals in early stage extranodal nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma receiving sequential chemotherapy and radiation. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8729-8744. [DOI: 10.18632/aging.204355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yue Chai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ningjing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yexiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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6
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Qi F, Xie Y, Wang D, Chai Y, Chen B, Sun Y, Liu W, Qi S, Wei Y, Fang H, Zhao D, Gui L, Yang Y, Feng X, Ding N, Mi L, Shu S, Li Y, Song Y, Dong M, Zhu J. Comparison analysis of first-line asparaginase- versus non-asparaginase-based regimens for early-stage extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:2021-2034. [PMID: 35798977 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the efficacy and toxicity profile of first-line asparaginase (ASP)-based versus non-ASP-based regimens in treating early-stage extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) in non-anthracycline therapy era. This multi-center, real-world retrospective study consisted 305 newly diagnosed localized ENKTCL patients who were treated with sequential chemoradiation between 2010 and 2020 in China: 190 cases received ASP-based regimens and 115 cases received non-ASP-based regimens. Propensity score matching and multivariable analyses were used to compare survivals and toxicities between the two treatment groups. Non-ASP-based regimens achieved comparable survivals compared with ASP-based regimens in the entire cohort. The 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 84.7% and 73.5% for non-ASP-based regimens, and 87.7% (P=0.464) and 74.6% (P=0.702) for ASP-based regimens. The non-inferior survivals of non-ASP-based regimens were consistent after adjustment using PSM and multivariable analyses. However, survival benefits of ASP varied in different treatment modalities. Among patients receiving sequential chemotherapy and radiation (CT+RT±CT), ASP-based regimens achieved higher complete remission rate (54.3 vs. 34.5%, P=0.047) and more favorable survivals compared with non-ASP-based regimens (5-year OS, 87.0 vs. 69.0%, P=0.028). However, for patients receiving sequential radiation and chemotherapy (RT+CT), non-ASP-based regimens achieved comparable favorable survivals as ASP-based regimens. Besides, liver injury, malnutrition, and coagulative dysfunction were significantly more commonly documented in ASP-based regimens. These findings suggested that ASP was an effective agent in treating ENKTCL, especially among those receiving induction CT and RT. For patients who received upfront RT, non-ASP-based regimens might be a comparably effective and more tolerable treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Dedao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yue Chai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shunan Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuce Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shaokun Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yexiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
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7
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Qi SN, Li YX, Specht L, Oguchi M, Tsang R, Ng A, Suh CO, Ricardi U, Mac Manus M, Dabaja B, Yahalom J. Modern Radiation Therapy for Extranodal Nasal-Type NK/T-cell Lymphoma: Risk-Adapted Therapy, Target Volume, and Dose Guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:1064-1081. [PMID: 33581262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the multidisciplinary management of early-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL), with curative intent, radiation therapy is the most efficacious modality and is an essential component of a combined-modality regimen. In the past decade, utilization of upfront radiation therapy and non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy has improved treatment and prognosis. This guideline mainly addresses the heterogeneity of clinical features, principles of risk-adapted therapy, and the role and appropriate design of radiation therapy. Radiation therapy methods (including target volume definition, dose and delivery methods) are crucial for optimizing cure for patients with early-stage ENKTCL. The application of the principles of involved site radiation therapy in this lymphoma entity often leads to a more extended clinical target volume (CTV) than in other lymphoma types because it usually presents with primary tumor invasion, multifocal lesions, or extensive submucosal infiltration beyond the macroscopic disease. The CTV varies across different primary sites and is classified mainly into nasal, nonnasal upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), and extra-UADT entities. This review is a consensus of the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group regarding the approach to radiation therapy, target-volume definition, optimal dose, and dose constraints in ENKTCL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Nan Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Xiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China.
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Masahiko Oguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Ng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chang-Ok Suh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael Mac Manus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bouthaina Dabaja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joachim Yahalom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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8
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Dai G, Xu X, Wu X, Lei X, Wei X, Li Z, Xiao Q, Zhong R, Bai S. Application of 3D-print silica bolus for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma radiation therapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:920-928. [PMID: 32960262 PMCID: PMC7674672 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of a 3D-print silica bolus for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma radiation therapy. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were designed using an anthropomorphic head phantom with a 3D-print silica bolus and other kinds of bolus used clinically, and the surface dose was measured by a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) dosimeter. Four nasal NK/T patients with or without 3D-print silica bolus were treated and the nose surface dose was measured using a MOSFET dosimeter during the first treatment. Plans for the anthropomorphic head phantom with 3D-print bolus have more uniform dose and higher conformity of the planning target volume (PTV) compared to other boluses; the homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI) of the VMAT plan were 0.0589 and 0.7022, respectively, and the HI and CI of the IMRT plan were 0.0550 and 0.7324, respectively. The MOSFET measurement results showed that the surface dose of the phantom with 3D-print bolus was >180 cGy, and that of patients with 3D-print bolus was higher than patients without bolus. The air gap volume between the 3D-print bolus and the surface of patients was <0.3 cc. The 3D-print silica bolus fitted well on the patient’s skin, effectively reducing air gaps between bolus and patient surface. Meanwhile, the 3D-print silica bolus provided patients with higher individuation, and improved the conformity and uniformity of the PTV compared to other kinds of boluses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyu Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Xiaolin Lei
- Department of Oncology, The affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renming Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Progression-free survival at 24 months and subsequent survival of patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a China Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CLCG) study. Leukemia 2020; 35:1671-1682. [PMID: 32943751 PMCID: PMC8179849 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Limited evidence supports the use of early endpoints to evaluate the success of initial treatment of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) in the modern era. We aim to analyze progression-free survival at 24 months (PFS24) and subsequent overall survival (OS) in a large-scale multicenter cohort of patients. 1790 patients were included from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CLCG) database. Subsequent OS was defined from the time of PFS24 or progression within 24 months to death. OS was compared with age- and sex-matched general Chinese population using expected survival and standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Patients who did not achieve PFS24 had a median OS of 5.3 months after progression, with 5-year OS rate of 19.2% and the SMR of 71.4 (95% CI, 62.9-81.1). In contrast, 74% patients achieved PFS24, and the SMR after achieving PFS24 was 1.77 (95% CI, 1.34-2.34). The observed OS rate after PFS24 versus expected OS rate at 5 years was 92.2% versus 94.3%. Similarly, superior outcomes following PFS24 were observed in early-stage patients (5-year OS rate, 92.9%). Patients achieving PFS24 had excellent outcome, whereas patients exhibiting earlier progression had a poor survival. These marked differences suggest that PFS24 may be used for study design and risk stratification in ENKTCL.
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10
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Qi S, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Huang H, Wang Y, He X, Zhang L, Wu G, Qu B, Qian L, Hou X, Zhang F, Qiao X, Wang H, Li G, Zhu Y, Cao J, Wu J, Wu T, Zhu S, Shi M, Xu L, Yuan Z, Su H, Song Y, Zhu J, Hu C, Li Y. Risk-based, response-adapted therapy for early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma in the modern chemotherapy era: A China Lymphoma Collaborative Group study. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:1047-1056. [PMID: 32449800 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the survival benefits of chemotherapy (CT) added to radiotherapy (RT) in different risk groups of patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), and to investigate the risk of postponing RT based on induction CT responses. A total of 1360 patients who received RT with or without new-regimen CT from 20 institutions were retrospectively reviewed. The patients had received RT alone, RT followed by CT (RT + CT), or CT followed by RT (CT + RT). The patients were stratified into different risk groups using the nomogram-revised risk index (NRI). A comparative study was performed using propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis. Adding new-regimen CT to RT (vs RT alone) significantly improved overall survival (OS, 73.2% vs 60.9%, P < .001) and progression-free survival (PFS, 63.5% vs 54.2%, P < .001) for intermediate-risk/high-risk patients, but not for low-risk patients. For intermediate-risk/high-risk patients, RT + CT and CT + RT resulted in non-significantly different OS (77.7% vs 72.4%; P = .290) and PFS (67.1% vs 63.1%; P = .592). For patients with complete response (CR) after induction CT, initiation of RT within or beyond three cycles of CT resulted in similar OS (78.2% vs 81.7%, P = .915) and PFS (68.2% vs 69.9%, P = .519). For patients without CR, early RT resulted in better PFS (63.4% vs 47.6%, P = .019) than late RT. Risk-based, response-adapted therapy involving early RT combined with CT is a viable, effective strategy for intermediate-risk/high-risk early-stage patients with ENKTCL in the modern treatment era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Nan Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Beijing China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Beijing China
| | - Yu‐Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Hui‐Qiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Hospital Chongqing China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing China
| | - Li‐Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oncology Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Bao‐Lin Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Li‐Ting Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Xiao‐Rong Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Beijing China
| | - Fu‐Quan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Beijing China
| | - Xue‐Ying Qiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Gao‐Feng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology Beijing Hospital, National Geriatric Medical Center Beijing China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jian‐Zhong Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology Shanxi Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Jun‐Xin Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital Fuzhou China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Cancer Hospital Guiyang China
| | - Su‐Yu Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Changsha China
| | - Mei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Li‐Ming Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin China
| | - Zhi‐Yong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Oncology The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Yu‐Qin Song
- Department of Medical Oncology Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Beijing China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Beijing China
| | - Chen Hu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Ye‐Xiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Beijing China
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11
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Zhu F, Liu T, Pan H, Xiao Y, Li Q, Liu X, Chen W, Wu G, Zhang L. Long-term outcomes of upfront concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by P-GDP regimen in newly diagnosed early stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma: A prospective single-center phase II study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21705. [PMID: 32872045 PMCID: PMC7437833 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal treatment strategy of newly diagnosed stage I/II, extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) remains unclear. This prospective phase II trial was conducted to explore the short-term and the long-term efficacy and safety of upfront concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by pegaspargase, gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin (P-GDP) regimen in patients newly diagnosed with early stage NKTCL.Thirty patients newly diagnosed with stage I/II NKTCL were enrolled from January 2013 to December 2016, and treated as the following strategy: upfront CCRT with cisplatin weekly (25 mg/m) for 5 weeks, followed by 3 cycles of P-GDP regimen chemotherapy (pegaspargase 2500IU/m capped at 3750IU, intramuscular on day 4, gemcitabine 850 mg/m intravenous on days 1 and 8; dexamethasone 40 mg/day intravenous on days 1 to 4; and cisplatin 20 mg/m intravenous on days 1-3) 3 weeks after the completion of CCRT. The objective response rate (ORR) and the complete response (CR) rate were the primary endpoints, and the secondary endpoints were the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and the adverse event (AE).The median follow-up period was 51.5 months (range, 5-78months). The ORR was 93.3% (28/30) and all these 28 patients attained CR at the end of the treatment. Two patients suffered from lymphoma associated hemophagocytic syndrome (LAHS) during the period of consolidation chemotherapy and died within 2 months. The 5-year OS was 93.3%, and the 5-year PFS was 89.4%Mucositis was the most common grades 3/4 nonhematologic AEs (10%, 3/30) of CCRT. During the P-GDP chemotherapy, vomiting (6.7%, 2/30), neutropenia (43.3%, 13/30) and thrombocytopenia (23.3%, 7/30) were the major grades 3/4 toxicities during chemotherapy. No treatment-related deaths occurred.The upfront CCRT followed by P-GDP regimen chemotherapy is an effective and well-tolerated first-line treatment strategy for patients diagnosed with early stage NKTCL. Further investigation of larger sample size is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huaxiong Pan
- Department of pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Jiang L, Li P, Quan Q, Chen P, Qiu H, Zhang B. Cutaneous extranodal natural killer (NK) / T - cell lymphoma: A comprehensive clinical features and outcomes analysis of 71 cases. Leuk Res 2020; 88:106284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Wei L, Wang J, Ye J, Yang L, Cong J, Li X, Wu Y, Cui X, Ding J, Yao N, Yang J. Long-term outcomes of patients treated with an EPOCHL regimen as first-line chemotherapy for newly diagnosed extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: a retrospective single-center study. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 61:337-343. [PMID: 31517553 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1663421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We retrospectively evaluated the long-term outcomes of patients receiving an EPOCHL (EPOCH + L-asparaginase) regimen as first-line chemotherapy for newly diagnosed extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL). Ninety-six patients received 2-8 cycles of EPOCHL. After 2-4 cycles, 55.2% patients had complete response (CR) and 39.6% had partial response (PR). 42.7% patients developed progressive or relapsed disease. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 56.1% overall, 59.8% for stage I/II, and 34.9% for stage III/IV disease, and corresponding 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 58.7, 65.3, and 39.8%, respectively. OS differed significantly between patients with stage I/II and those with stage III/IV disease (p = 0.018). Patients who achieved CR had better 3-year OS of 92.9%. Advanced stage disease was a poor prognostic factor for OS. All major adverse events associated with the EPOCHL regimen were reversible, and this first-line chemotherapy was safe and effective for patients with ENKTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Wei
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ye
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Cong
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Cui
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yao
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Haematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Qi F, Chen B, Wang J, Lin X, Qi S, Yang J, Zhou S, Wang S, Gui L, Fang H, Liu P, Song Y, Yang S, Li Y, Dong M. Upfront radiation is essential for high-risk early-stage extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: comparison of two sequential treatment modalities combining radiotherapy and GDP (gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin) in the modern era. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:2679-2688. [PMID: 31298062 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1599111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Early/upfront radiation was associated with improved survivals compared with late radiation for early-stage NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) in the old era when anthracycline-base chemotherapy (CT) prevailed. However, in the modern era of effective l-asparaginase/gemcitabine-based CT, the optimal timing of radiation is unclear. In this study, 75 patients with newly diagnosed NKTCL, who were treated with combined involved-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy and GDP (gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin) were retrospectively reviewed, including 45 from the RT + CT group and 30 from the CT + RT ± CT group. Compared with CT + RT ± CT, RT + CT sequence achieved superior progression-free survival (5-year PFS: 81.6% vs. 56.0%, p = .017) and locoregional control (LRC) (90.8% vs. 66.9%; p = .020). Responses, overall survivals or adverse event incidences did not differ across the groups. Upfront RT was a powerful prognostic variable for favorable PFS (HR 0.302; 95% CI: 0.125-0.729; p = .008). It indicated that upfront RT administration remains vital in enhancing LRC and survival for localized NKTCL in the modern era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shunan Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shulian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongwen Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yexiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Qi SN, Xu LM, Yuan ZY, Wu T, Zhu SY, Shi M, Su H, Wang Y, He X, Zhang LL, Wu G, Qu BL, Qian LT, Hou XR, Zhang FQ, Zhang YJ, Zhu Y, Cao JZ, Lan SM, Wu JX, Yang Y, Li YX. Effect of primary tumor invasion on treatment and survival in extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma in the modern chemotherapy era: a multicenter study from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CLCG). Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:2669-2678. [PMID: 31060406 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1602265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Nan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, CAMS and PUMC, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Su-Yu Zhu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Mei Shi
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Hang Su
- 307 Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Cancer Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xia He
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Lin Qu
- The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ting Qian
- The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Rong Hou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Quan Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Cao
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Lan
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Xin Wu
- Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, CAMS and PUMC, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, CAMS and PUMC, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
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16
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Tian S, Li R, Wang T, Wang S, Tao R, Hu X, Ding H. Gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP) chemotherapy with sandwiched radiotherapy in the treatment of newly diagnosed stage IE/IIE extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3349-3358. [PMID: 31050212 PMCID: PMC6601591 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL), nasal-type is a rare but highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Optimal treatment strategies for newly diagnosed localized ENKL have not been fully defined. Here we retrospectively analyzed 72 patients with newly diagnosed stage IE/IIE ENKL treated with gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP) regimen chemotherapy with sandwiched radiotherapy in our department between May 2012 and September 2014. After 2 cycles of GDP induction chemotherapy, the complete response rate (CRR) and overall response rate (ORR) were 30.6% (22/72) and 91.7% (66/72). After whole treatment completion, the CRR and ORR were 81.9% (59/72) and 91.7% (66/72), respectively. With a median follow-up of 57.8 months (Interquartile Range 54.0-64.5 months), the 5-year progression-free survival rate was 70.9% (95% CI, 60.1% to 81.7%), and the 5-year overall survival rate was 72.0% (95% CI, 61.6% to 82.4%), respectively. Patients with CRR after treatment had better prognosis than their counterparts. The major adverse events were myelosuppression, liver dysfunction, gemcitabine-related skin rash, and digestive tract toxicities. Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were 18.0% (13/72) and 15.3% (11/72), respectively. No treatment related deaths were observed. It is concluded that the GDP regimen with sandwiched radiotherapy was an effective and well-tolerated treatment for newly diagnosed stage IE/IIE ENKL, nasal-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruichen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shengzi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of HematologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Liu X, Wu T, Zhu SY, Shi M, Su H, Wang Y, He X, Xu LM, Yuan ZY, Zhang LL, Wu G, Qu BL, Qian LT, Hou XR, Zhang FQ, Zhang YJ, Zhu Y, Cao JZ, Lan SM, Wu JX, Qi SN, Yang Y, Li YX. Risk-Dependent Conditional Survival and Failure Hazard After Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e190194. [PMID: 30821826 PMCID: PMC6484659 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Prognosis of early-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is usually estimated and stratified at diagnosis, but how the prognosis actually evolves over time for patients who survived after curative treatment is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess conditional survival and failure hazard over time based on risk categories, previous survival, and treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study reviewed the clinical data of 2015 patients with early-stage NKTCL treated with radiotherapy identified from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group multicenter database between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015. Patients were stratified into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups according to a previously established prognostic model. Median follow-up was 61 months for surviving patients. Data analysis was performed from December 1, 2017, to January 30, 2018. EXPOSURES All patients received radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Conditional survival defined as the survival probability, given patients have survived for a defined time, and annual hazard rates defined as yearly event rate. RESULTS A total of 2015 patients were included in the study (mean [SD] age, 43.3 [14.6] years; 1414 [70.2%] male); 1628 patients (80.8%) received radiotherapy with chemotherapy, and 387 (19.2%) received radiotherapy without chemotherapy. The 5-year survival rates increased from 69.1% (95% CI, 66.6%-71.4%) at treatment to 85.3% (95% CI, 81.7%-88.2%) at year 3 for conditional overall survival and from 60.9% (95% CI, 58.3%-63.3%) at treatment to 84.4% (95% CI, 80.6%-87.6%) at year 3 for conditional failure-free survival. The annual hazards decreased from 13.7% (95% CI, 13.0%-14.3%) for death and 22.1% (95% CI, 21.0%-23.1%) for failure at treatment to less than 5% after 3 years (death: range, 0%-3.9% [95% CI, 3.7%-4.2%]; failure: 1.2% [95% CI, 1.0%-1.4%] to 4.2% [95% CI 3.9%-4.6%]). Intermediate-risk (11.4% [95% CI, 10.5%-12.3%]) and high-risk (21.6% [95% CI, 20.0%-23.2%]) patients had initially higher but significantly decreased death hazards after 3 years (<6%, range: 0%-5.9% [95% CI, 5.2%-6.7%]), whereas low-risk patients maintained a constantly lower death hazard of less than 5% (range, 0%-4.8%; 95% CI, 4.4%-5.3%). In high-risk patients, radiotherapy combined with non-anthracycline-based regimens were associated with higher conditional overall survival before year 3 compared with anthracycline-based regimens (hazard ratio [HR] for death, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.13-1.95; P = .004 at treatment; HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.07-2.39; P = .02 at 1 year; and HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 0.94-3.33; P = .07 at 2 years) or radiotherapy alone (HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.73-3.39; P < .001 at treatment; HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.05-3.17; P = .03 at 1 year; and HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.23-5.90; P = .01 at 2 years). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The survival probability increased and the hazards of failure decreased in a risk-dependent manner among patients with early NKTCL after radiotherapy. These dynamic data appear to provide accurate information on disease processes and continual survival expectations and may help researchers design additional prospective clinical trials and formulate risk-adapted therapies and surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su-Yu Zhu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Shi
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Su
- 307 Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Cancer Institute, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia He
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Xu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yuan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-Lin Qu
- The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ting Qian
- The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rong Hou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Quan Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Cao
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Min Lan
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Xin Wu
- Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Nan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye-Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Phase 2 Study of First-line Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Followed by Gemcitabine, Dexamethasone, and Cisplatin for High-Risk, Early Stage Extranodal Nasal-Type NK/T-Cell Lymphoma: The GREEN Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tong Q, Ouyang S, Feng L, Wang H, Xia Y, Zhang Y. Salvage radiotherapy improves survival in patients with locoregionally relapsed stage IE-IIE extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:1083-1090. [PMID: 29922069 PMCID: PMC5995429 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s164376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to retrospectively analyze the salvage treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with early stage locoregionally recurrent (LRR) extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL). Methods Between January 1995 and December 2014, 540 patients with stage IE-IIE ENKTCL received chemotherapy (ChT) and/or radiotherapy (RT) in our hospital, and among these, 56 patients who experienced LRR were included in this study. Salvage treatments included RT alone in 4 patients (7.1%), ChT alone in 30 patients (53.6%), and ChT combined with RT in 22 patients (39.3%). Median RT dose was 50 Gy (range 36-60 Gy). The effect of salvage treatment on overall survival (OS) rate from start of initial treatment (IT) as well as that after recurrence was analyzed. Results The overall median follow-up time from IT was 35.9 months, with a 3-year OS of 72.7%. The median follow-up time after relapse was 14.8 months, and the 3-year OS after relapse was 57.8%. Compared to ChT alone (n=30), treatment with salvage RT (n=26) improved the OS from IT (p=0.040) and after relapse (p=0.009); further, re-irradiation improved the OS from IT (p=0.018) and after relapse (p=0.019). Acute and late toxicities after re-irradiation were mostly grades 1-2 (84.3%). At both univariate and multivariate analyses, better Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), RT in IT, and RT in salvage treatment were found to be significant factors influencing OS after recurrence. Conclusion Salvage RT improved survival in patients with LRR stage IE-IIE ENKTCL, and the treatment toxicity was acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
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20
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Jiang M, Zhang L, Xie L, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Liu WP, Zhang WY, Tian R, Deng YT, Zhao S, Zou LQ. A phase II prospective study of the "Sandwich" protocol, L-asparaginase, cisplatin, dexamethasone and etoposide chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiation and cisplatin, in newly diagnosed, I/II stage, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50155-50163. [PMID: 28404973 PMCID: PMC5564839 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal-type, extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a special type of lymphomas with geographic and racial specificity. Up to now, the standard first-line treatment is still not unified. In our previous report, the "sandwich" protocol produced good results. Continuing to use the "sandwich" mode, a new chemotherapy composed of L-asparaginase, cisplatin, etoposide and dexamethasone (LVDP) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) was conducted in more patients with newly diagnosed, I/II stage ENKTCL. The results showed that 66 patients were enrolled. Overall response rate was 86.4% including 83.3% complete response and 3.0% partial remission. With the median follow-up of 23.5 months, 3-year overall survival and 3-year progression-free survival were 70.1% and 67.4%, respectively. The survival rate in stage II and extra-cavity stage I was significantly less than that in limited stage I (p < 0.05). Therefore, we thought that the "sandwich" mode was worthy of being generalized and LVDP combined with CCRT was an effective protocol for I/II stage ENKTCL. But this regimen was not suitable for all stage I/II patients and warrants larger sample and layering investigation. This study was a registered clinical trial with number ChiCTR-TNC-12002353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, Dujiangyan Medical Center, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xie
- Radiation Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Radiation Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liu
- Pathology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- Pathology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao-Tiao Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Pathology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Qun Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Deng XW, Wu JX, Wu T, Zhu SY, Shi M, Su H, Wang Y, He X, Xu LM, Yuan ZY, Zhang LL, Wu G, Qu BL, Qian LT, Hou XR, Zhang FQ, Zhang YJ, Zhu Y, Cao JZ, Lan SM, Dong M, Qi SN, Yang Y, Li YX. Radiotherapy is essential after complete response to asparaginase-containing chemotherapy in early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma: A multicenter study from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CLCG). Radiother Oncol 2018; 129:3-9. [PMID: 29739712 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to clarify the benefit of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with early-stage extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) who achieve a complete response (CR) after asparaginase-containing chemotherapy (CT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Of 240 patients achieved a CR after asparaginase-containing CT, 202 patients received additional RT (CT + RT), and 38 patients did not (CT alone). RESULTS Compared to CT alone, CT + RT significantly improved overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and locoregional control (LRC). The 5-year OS, DFS and LRC rates were 84.9%, 76.2% and 84.9% for CT + RT, compared to 58.9% (P = 0.006), 43.6% (P = 0.001) and 62.1% (P = 0.026) for CT alone. The 5-year cumulative disease recurrence rate was 18.8% for CT + RT compared to 46.9% (P = 0.003) for CT alone. High-dose RT (≥50 Gy) significantly decreased the risk of locoregional recurrence. The 5-year cumulative locoregional failure rate was 35.5% for patients receiving <50 Gy compared to 8.8% for patients receiving ≥50 Gy (P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS For patients with early-stage NKTCL who achieve a CR after asparaginase-containing CT, omission of RT results in frequent locoregional recurrence and a poor prognosis; RT is essential to improve locoregional control and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Deng
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun-Xin Wu
- Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Tao Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Su-Yu Zhu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Mei Shi
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hang Su
- 307 Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Cancer Institute, PR China
| | - Xia He
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li-Ming Xu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yuan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bao-Lin Qu
- The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li-Ting Qian
- The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Rong Hou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, PR China
| | - Fu-Quan Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-Zhong Cao
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Sheng-Min Lan
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Mei Dong
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shu-Nan Qi
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ye-Xiong Li
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
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Advances in the treatment of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Blood 2018; 131:2528-2540. [PMID: 29602763 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-791418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is a subtype of mature T- and natural killer cell lymphomas characterized by its association with Epstein-Barr virus and extranodal involvement. Although there is geographic variance in the frequency of ENKL, its clinical features are similar between Western countries and endemic areas, such as East Asia. Anthracycline-containing chemotherapy is not recommended to treat ENKL. No standard treatment has been established based on the results of randomized controlled trials. In patients with localized disease, radiotherapy is a core component of the recommended first-line therapy. Radiotherapy administered at 50 to 54 Gy, extended involved-site radiotherapy considering tumor invasiveness, and the use of intensity modulated radiation therapy or volumetric modulated arc therapy are associated with efficacy of radiotherapy. Although the use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy has been supported by the results of clinical trials, accumulating evidence supports the use of sequential chemoradiotherapy with non-anthracycline-containing regimens that include l-asparaginase and/or platinum anticancer agents. l-asparaginase-containing chemotherapy is a key component of first-line treatments for systemic ENKL. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is recommended as a front-line consolidation therapy for newly diagnosed advanced-stage ENKL. Newer agents including immune checkpoint inhibitors are being investigated for treating ENKL. In this modern ENKL treatment era, multidisciplinary efforts are needed to identify the best timing and sequencing of radiotherapy, l-asparaginase, platinum, newer agents, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Yoon DH, Kim SJ, Jeong SH, Shin DY, Bae SH, Hong J, Park SK, Yhim HY, Yang DH, Lee H, Kang HJ, Lee MH, Eom HS, Kwak JY, Lee JH, Suh C, Kim WS. Phase II trial of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with L-asparaginase and MIDLE chemotherapy for newly diagnosed stage I/II extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (CISL-1008). Oncotarget 2018; 7:85584-85591. [PMID: 27542213 PMCID: PMC5356760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a new treatment protocol incorporating concurrent administration of L-asparaginase (to reduce the probability of systemic progression during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT)) plus high-dose methotrexate to consolidation chemotherapy to intensify the regimen for treating localized extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL). CCRT comprised radiation (36-44 Gy) with weekly cisplatin (30 mg/m2) and tri-weekly L-asparaginase (4 000 IU). Chemotherapy-MIDLE (methotrexate 3 g/m2 on day 1, etoposide 100 mg/m2 and Ifosfamide 1 000 mg/m2 on days 2-3, dexamethasone 40 mg on days 1-4, and L-asparaginase 6 000 IU/m2 on days 4, 6, 8, 10)-was repeated every 28 days for two cycles. One of the 28 patients developed distant lesions after CCRT. The final complete response rate was 82.1%. Four patients dropped out during or after their first MIDLE cycle due to toxicities (recurrent G3 hyperbilirubinemia [n = 1], G3-5 increased creatinine [n = 2], and G5 infection [n = 1]). With a median follow-up of 46 months (95% CI: 39-47 months), the estimated 3-year progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate were 74.1% and 81.5%, respectively. This MIDLE protocol may be effective for localized ENKTL. However, concurrent administration of L-asparaginase during CCRT does not seem to provide additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dok Hyun Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Jeong
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Junshik Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Park
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Yhim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Deok-Hwan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mark Hong Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seok Eom
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Cheolwon Suh
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Li JW, Li YJ, Zhong MZ, Liu XL, Li J, Li KL, Liu XY, Zhou F, OuYang Z, Sun ZY, Huang LJ, He JQ, Zhou H, Yi PY. Efficacy and tolerance of GELOXD/P-GEMOXD in newly diagnosed nasal-type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: A multicenter retrospective study. Eur J Haematol 2018; 100:247-256. [PMID: 29194798 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Li
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Ya-Jun Li
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Mei-Zuo Zhong
- Department of Oncology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xian-Ling Liu
- Cancer Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Kun-Lun Li
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xi-Yu Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhou OuYang
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhong-Yi Sun
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jun-Qiao He
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Ping-Yong Yi
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology; Hunan Cancer Hospital; Changsha Hunan China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
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25
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Su C, Nguyen KA, Bai HX, Balaji D, Cao Y, Karakousis G, Zhang PJ, Zhang G, Xiao R. Comparison of chemoradiotherapy with radiotherapy alone for early-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type in elderly patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1406-1412. [PMID: 28980517 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1379078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin A. Nguyen
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Harrison X. Bai
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ya Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Cancer Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul J. Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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26
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Vargo JA, Patel A, Glaser SM, Balasubramani GK, Farah RJ, Marks SM, Beriwal S. The impact of the omission or inadequate dosing of radiotherapy in extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, in the United States. Cancer 2017; 123:3176-3185. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Vargo
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Arisha Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M. Glaser
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Goundappa K. Balasubramani
- Epidemiology Data Center; Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Rafic J. Farah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Stanley M. Marks
- Division of Hematology and Oncology; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Sushil Beriwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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Guo Y, Li E, Song L, Wu Y. Clinical characteristics and treatment of 69 patients with extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 5:750-756. [PMID: 28101353 PMCID: PMC5228303 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and survival of patients with extranodal natural killer-T cell lymphoma (ENKL) and compare different treatment regimens. The univariate analysis demonstrated that survival was worse for patients with extranasal primary tumors, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) scores of ≥2, International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores of 3–5, Ann Arbor stage III and IV disease, B symptoms, lymph node involvement and absence of radiotherapy. The Cox analysis demonstrated that ECOG PS score, stage, IPI, presence of B symptoms and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). The effect of diverse therapies on survival was then analyzed, and it was found that the 5-year survival rate of patients receiving chemoradiotherapy differed significantly from that of patients who received chemotherapy alone [hazard ratio (HR)=0.347, P=0.0203], but did not differ significantly from the survival of patients treated with radiotherapy alone (HR=1.534, P=0.6371). A subgroup analysis revealed a difference between the radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy groups for patients with extranasal-type stage III/IV disease. It was concluded that ECOG score, stage, IPI, presence of B symptoms and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS in patients with ENKL. The addition of radiotherapy achieved better outcomes compared with chemotherapy alone, but no difference was observed between chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy. Patients with advanced-stage disease may also benefit from radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liping Song
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yinying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaan'xi 710061, P.R. China
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Wang K, Zanation AM, Chera BS. The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Sinonasal and Ventral Skull Base Malignancies. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2017; 50:419-432. [PMID: 28104274 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sinonasal and ventral skull base malignancies are rare tumors that arise in a complex anatomic location juxtaposed with critically important normal tissues. The standard treatment paradigm for most histologies has been surgery followed by postoperative radiation therapy. Because of their propensity to present at an advanced stage and the presence of nearby critical structures, patients are at risk for severe radiation-induced long-term toxicity. Recent advances in radiotherapy technique have improved the therapeutic ratio between tumor control and normal tissue toxicity. This article reviews issues pertinent to the use of radiotherapy in the management of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina Hospitals, 101 Manning Drive, CB #7512, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7512, USA
| | - Adam M Zanation
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of North Carolina Hospitals, 170 Manning Drive, CB #7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA
| | - Bhishamjit S Chera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina Hospitals, 101 Manning Drive, CB #7512, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7512, USA.
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Zhang B, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhao J, Li M, Li Y, Huang J, Zou L, Chang Q. Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for early stage nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis. J Chemother 2017; 28:65-71. [PMID: 25971360 DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) plus chemotherapy (CMT) versus RT alone for early stage nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma. METHODS All the eligible studies were searched by PubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The meta-analysis was performed to compare odds ratios (ORs) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Chemotherapy group did not significantly differ from RT group. The pooled OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) for 1-year, 3-year, 5-year and 10-year OS was 1.25 [0.84, 1.87], 1.10 [0.76, 1.58], 0.83 [0.59, 1.17] and 1.05 [0.70, 1.56]. In addition, the combined OR and 95% CI for 5-year DFS and PFS were 0.96 [0.53, 1.73] and 0.71 [0.45, 1.12]. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence suggests that CMT was not superior to RT alone. Radiotherapy may be still the main method in the treatment of early stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglan Zhang
- a Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Fuping Zhu
- b Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing , Chongqing , China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- a Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- a Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Minmin Li
- a Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yanyan Li
- a Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Juan Huang
- a Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Liqun Zou
- a Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Qing Chang
- b Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing , Chongqing , China
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Wang QX, Li SH, Ji BY, Wang HY, Li YY, Feng LL, Chen K, Xia YF, Zhang YJ. Lymphocyte/Monocyte Ratio is a Novel Predictor for Early Stage Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type. J Cancer 2017; 8:1030-1037. [PMID: 28529616 PMCID: PMC5436256 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Great heterogeneity exists in clinical behavior and survival outcome in patients with stage IE/IIE extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL). In this study, we proposed lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) as a new prognostic factor for these early stage ENKTL. Methods: We retrospectively examined the LMR as a prognostic variable in a cohort of 379 patients with newly diagnosed stage IE/IIE ENKTL. The relationship between the LMR and clinicopathologic variables were analyzed in Kaplan-Meier log-rank survival analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the survival significance of the LMR for both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Patients were categorized into two different groups based on the LMR using cut-off value of 2.0. The 5-year PFS rates in the low and high LMR group were 43.9% and 62.7%, respectively, and the 5-year OS rates in the two groups were 59.1% and 77.7%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, low LMR at diagnosis was associated with worse PFS (hazard ratio 1.611, 95% confidence interval: 1.027-2.525, P =0.038) independent of age (P=0.033) and treatment stratagem (P<0.001), and indicated worse OS (hazard ratio 2.003, 95% confidence interval: 1.124-3.569, P =0.018) independent of age (P=0.007), LDH level (P=0.042), local tumor invasiveness (P=0.008), and treatment stratagem (P<0.001). Conclusion: The LMR is an independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS in patients with stage IE/IIE ENKTL, and provides additional prognostic value beyond standard clinicopathological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shao-hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bao-yan Ji
- Department of Oncology, Qinghai Province People's Hospital
| | - Han-yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi-yang Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ling-ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yu-jing Zhang, M.D., Tel: 0086-020-87343702; Fax: 0086-020-87343392; E-mail: . Kai Chen, M.D., Tel: 0086-020-87343702; Fax: 0086-020-87343392; E-mail:
| | - Yun-fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yu-jing Zhang, M.D., Tel: 0086-020-87343702; Fax: 0086-020-87343392; E-mail: . Kai Chen, M.D., Tel: 0086-020-87343702; Fax: 0086-020-87343392; E-mail:
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Wu RY, Liu K, Wang WH, Jin J, Song YW, Wang SL, Liu YP, Ren H, Fang H, Liu QF, Yang Y, Chen B, Qi SN, Lu NN, Tang Y, Tang Y, Li N, Ouyang H, Li YX. Patterns of Primary Tumor Invasion and Regional Lymph Node Spread Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Early-Stage Nasal NK/T-cell Lymphoma: Implications for Clinical Target Volume Definition and Prognostic Significance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 97:50-59. [PMID: 27816363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the pathways of primary tumor invasion (PTI) and regional lymph node (LN) spread based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early-stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL), to improve clinical target volume (CTV) delineation and evaluate the prognostic value of locoregional extension patterns. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 105 patients with newly diagnosed early-stage nasal NKTCL who underwent pretreatment MRI were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. RESULTS The incidences of PTI and regional LN involvement were 64.7% and 25.7%, respectively. Based on the incidence of PTI, involved sites surrounding the nasal cavity were classified into 3 risk subgroups: high-risk (>20%), intermediate-risk (5%-20%), and low-risk (<5%). The most frequently involved site was the nasopharynx (35.2%), followed by the maxillary (21.9%) and ethmoid (21.9%) sinuses. Local disease and regional LN spread followed an orderly pattern without LN skipping. The retropharyngeal nodes (RPNs) were most frequently involved (19.0%), followed by level II (11.4%). The 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and locoregional control (LRC) rates for all patients were 72.8%, 65.2%, and 90.0%, respectively. The presence of PTI and regional LN involvement based on MRI significantly and negatively affected PFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Early-stage nasal NKTCL presents with a high incidence of PTI but a relatively low incidence of regional LN spread. Locoregional spread followed an orderly pattern, and PTI and regional LN spread are powerful prognostic factors for poorer survival outcomes. CTV reduction may be feasible for selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ye Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Imaging Diagnosis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Wen Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Lian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Ping Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Feng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Nan Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Ning Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Ouyang
- Department of Imaging Diagnosis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Xiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Kim TH, Kim JS, Suh YG, Cho J, Yang WI, Suh CO. The Roles of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in the Era of Multimodal Treatment for Early-Stage Nasal-Type Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:846-54. [PMID: 27189276 PMCID: PMC4951459 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.4.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) treatments of early-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five patients with stage I or II ENKTL [n=39 (71%) and 16 (29%) patients, respectively] who were treated with RT between 1999 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The median age was 54 years (range, 24-81). Patients were grouped by treatment modality as RT alone [n=19 (35%)], upfront CT plus RT [CT+RT, n=16 (29%)], and concurrent chemoradiotherapy [CCRT, n=20 (36%)]. The median RT dose was 48 Gy. Patient characteristics between each treatment group were well balanced. Patterns of failure and survival were analyzed. RESULTS The overall response rate after RT was 94.6%. Ten patients experienced distant failure, and seven experienced local failure comprising five in-field and two out-field failures. The local and distant failure rates in the RT-alone group were the same (16%). In the CT+RT group, the most common failure sites were local (19%). In the CCRT group, the most common failures were distant (25%). At a median follow-up of 56 months (range, 1-178 months), the 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival rates were 66% and 54%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate for the RT-alone and CT+RT groups were 76% and 69%, respectively, and the 2-year OS rate for the CCRT group was 62% (p=0.388). CONCLUSION In the era of multimodal treatment for ENKTL, RT alone using advanced techniques should be considered for local disease control, whereas maintenance CT regimens should be considered for distant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Gun Suh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeho Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Ick Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ok Suh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhang L, Jiang M, Xie L, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Yang QP, Liu WP, Zhang WY, Zhuo HY, Li P, Chen NY, Zhao S, Wang F, Zou LQ. Five-year analysis from phase 2 trial of "sandwich" chemoradiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Med 2015; 5:33-40. [PMID: 26633585 PMCID: PMC4708906 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The “sandwich” protocol, was first proposed by us and comprised of l‐asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy with radiotherapy, results in 2‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival rates that surpass traditional therapies for patients with newly diagnosed, stage IE‐IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma. The results had been published by cancer. These patients were followed up over a median period of 67 months, for which updates and the results of prognostic factors analyses are presented. The 5‐year overall survival and progress‐free survival rates were both 64%. The highest rates of death occurred during the first 6 months, and between the second and third year after enrollment. The initial therapeutic response (odds ratio = 5.83; P = 0.001) and B symptoms (odds ratio = 6.13; P = 0.043) were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. However, the international prognostic index was not significant for progress‐free survival and overall survival. There were no severe long‐term side effects. These results indicate that the “sandwich” protocol may benefit the long‐term survival of patients with newly diagnosed stage IE‐IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma. However, additional studies with larger samples are required to confirm these results. This study is registered at www.Chictr.org (ChicTR‐TNC‐09000394).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, Dujiangyan Medical Center, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xie
- Radiation Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Radiation Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun-pei Yang
- Pathology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-ping Liu
- Pathology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-yan Zhang
- Pathology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-yu Zhuo
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Radiation Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nian-yong Chen
- Radiation Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Pathology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Radiation Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-qun Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Risk-adapted therapy for early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma: analysis from a multicenter study. Blood 2015; 126:1424-32; quiz 1517. [PMID: 26109206 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-639336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NKTCL were classified as low risk or high risk using 5 independent prognostic factors. Risk-adapted therapy of RT alone for the low-risk group and RT consolidated by CT for the high-risk group proved the most effective treatment.
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Yang Y, Zhang YJ, Zhu Y, Cao JZ, Yuan ZY, Xu LM, Wu JX, Wang W, Wu T, Lu B, Zhu SY, Qian LT, Zhang FQ, Hou XR, Liu QF, Li YX. Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in previously untreated patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type: a multicenter study. Leukemia 2015; 29:1571-7. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Deng T, Zhang C, Zhang X, Wu S, Xu Y, Liu S, Chen X. Treatment outcome of radiotherapy alone versus radiochemotherapy in IE/IIE extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106577. [PMID: 25184382 PMCID: PMC4153679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed conflicting findings concerning the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) and radiochemotherapy (RCT) in IE/IIE extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). In this study, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to address this issue. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EmBase, BISOS, Clinical Trials and some Chinese databases for relevant studies, and 2 prospective and 15 retrospective studies involving a total of 1595 patients met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS The meta-analysis showed no significant differences in complete remission (CR) [odds ratio (OR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-1.72, p = 0.65], 5-year overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% CI 0.85-1.45, p = 0.43] and 5-year progression free survival (PFS) (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.75-1.53, p = 0.70) in patients who received RT versus RCT. Furthermore, the addition of CT decreased neither systemic failure (SL) (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.47-1.21, p = 0.24) nor locoregional failure (LF) (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.68-2.01, p = 0. 57). CONCLUSIONS RCT did not have an obvious advantage over RT for treating IE/IIE ENKTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxia Deng
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang J, Zhu MY, Wang L, Wang H, Wang WD, Geng QR, Lu Y. "Sandwich" Chemotherapy (CT) with Radiotherapy (RT) improves outcomes in patients with stage IE/IIE extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell Lymphomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4061-6. [PMID: 23991953 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) shows high local or systemic failure rates when radiotherapy (RT) is taken as the primary treatment, suggesting a role for chemotherapy (CT) added to RT for this disease. However, the appropriate mode of combined modality therapy (CMT) has not been fully defined. A total of one hundred and twenty-one patients with ENKTL receiving sandwich CT with RT were reviewed between January 2003 and August 2012. The primary endpoints were the response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the relapse rate. After the initial CT, there were 84 (69.4%) patients in CR, 22 (18.2%) patients in PR, 9 (7.4%) patients in SD, and 6 (5%) patients in PD, respectively. At the end of RT, the CR, PR, SD, and PD rates for all patients were 90.9% (n=110), 1.7% (n=2), 4.1% (n=5), and 3.3% (n=4), respectively. After a median follow-up of 42.3 months (3.5~112.3 months), the 5-year PFS was 74.7% (95% CI 70.4%~79.0%), and 5-year OS was 77.3% (95% CI 67.9%~86.7%). Disease progression was documented in 25 (20.7%) patients. The rates of systemic failure, local failure, and regional failure were 18.2%, 5.8%, 1.7%, respectively. Twenty death events (16.5%) were observed for the entire group of patients (18 deaths related to PD). Furthermore, CR to the initial CT and low Korean Prognostic Index (KPI) can independently predict long PFS and OS. The sandwich CMT achieved an excellent outcome for localized ENKTL with acceptable toxicity. We recommend it can be applied as the optimal choice for localized ENKTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Manso R, Rodríguez-Pinilla SM, Lombardia L, Ruiz de Garibay G, del Mar López M, Requena L, Sánchez L, Sánchez-Beato M, Piris MÁ. An A91V SNP in the perforin gene is frequently found in NK/T-cell lymphomas. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91521. [PMID: 24632576 PMCID: PMC3954696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is the most frequent EBV-related NK/T-cell disease. Its clinical manifestations overlap with those of familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH). Since PERFORIN (PRF1) mutations are present in FHLH, we analysed its role in a series of 12 nasal and 12 extranasal-NKTCLs. 12.5% of the tumours and 25% of the nasal-origin cases had the well-known g.272C>T(p.Ala91Val) pathogenic SNP, which confers a poor prognosis. Two of these cases had a double-CD4/CD8-positive immunophenotype, although no correlation was found with perforin protein expression. p53 was overexpressed in 20% of the tumoral samples, 80% of which were of extranasal origin, while none showed PRF1 SNVs. These results suggest that nasal and extranasal NKTCLs have different biological backgrounds, although this requires validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Manso
- Pathology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Socorro María Rodríguez-Pinilla
- Pathology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Lymphoma Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Luis Lombardia
- Clinical Research Programme, Molecular Diagnostics Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorka Ruiz de Garibay
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Lymphoma Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Clínico de San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria del Mar López
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Lymphoma Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Biotechnology Programme, Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Requena
- Dermatology Department, Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Sánchez
- Biotechnology Programme, Immunohistochemistry Unit, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Sánchez-Beato
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Lymphoma Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Oncology-Haematology Area, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Piris
- Molecular Pathology Programme, Lymphoma Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, IFIMAV, Santander, Spain
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Li H, Wang CS, Wang XD. Meta Analysis of Treatment for Stage IE~IIE Extranodal Natural Killer /T Cell Lymphomas in China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2297-302. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Fang H, Jin J, Wang WH, Wang SL, Zhou LQ, Li YX. Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes for patients with stage II extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:1832-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.852668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Riet FG, Canova CH, Gabarre J, Ben Hassine S, Kamsu Kom L, Mazeron JJ, Feuvret L. [Radiation therapy of sinonasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma]. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:147-53; quiz 161, 163. [PMID: 24462054 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma are part of lymphoproliferative diseases, they are rare in Europe and the United States but relatively common in Asia and South America. Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma present clinically as destructive lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract with perforation of deep structures of the face, destruction of the palate or an invasion of orbits. Treatment modalities of these lymphomas are still discussed because of the lack of available studies and the rarity of this disease. Radiotherapy provides a rapid control of the disease and is positioned as a major treatment of localized stages of NK/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal cavity. We therefore studied the different forms of radiation therapy in the early stages of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-G Riet
- Service d'oncologie radiothéapie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - C-H Canova
- Service d'oncologie radiothéapie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - J Gabarre
- Service d'hépatologie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - S Ben Hassine
- Service d'oncologie radiothéapie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - L Kamsu Kom
- Service d'oncologie radiothéapie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - J-J Mazeron
- Service d'oncologie radiothéapie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - L Feuvret
- Service d'oncologie radiothéapie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
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Jiang L, Li SJ, Jiang YM, Long JX, Wang RS, Su J, Zhang Y. The significance of combining radiotherapy with chemotherapy for early stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:1038-48. [PMID: 23885795 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.827789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Radiotherapy is regarded as a primary treatment for early stage extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL). However, whether combined modality treatment (CMT) comprising radiotherapy and chemotherapy is necessary remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies was performed to evaluate the significance of combining radiotherapy with chemotherapy for early stage ENKTL. Comparison of CMT and radiotherapy alone (RT) showed no significant difference by the measurement of complete response (CR) (odds ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-1.58; p = 0.73), 5-year overall survival rate (OS) (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.45-1.19; p = 0.21) and progression-free survival rate (PFS) (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.50-1.17; p = 0.21). Additional chemotherapy did not decrease systemic failure (OR 1.52; 95% CI 0.97-2.40; p = 0.07), as well as locoregional failure (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.52-1.73; p = 0.85). The results may support the assertion that the combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapy cannot improve treatment outcomes, but rather it increases adverse effects and financial costs. However, these results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , China
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43
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Combined therapy in untreated patients improves outcome in Nasal NK/T lymphoma: results of a clinical trial. Med Oncol 2013; 30:637. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Zhang XM, Li YX, Wang WH, Jin J, Wang SL, Liu YP, Song YW, Fang H, Ren H, Zhou LQ, Liu XF, Yu ZH. Survival Advantage With the Addition of Radiation Therapy to Chemotherapy in Early Stage Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 85:1051-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Lee J, Cho SG, Chung SM, Ryu MR, Kim SH, Jang HS, Choi BO. Retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL), nasal type, stage I-IIE: single institute experience of combined modality treatment for early localized nasal extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL). Ann Hematol 2012. [PMID: 23180438 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-012-1630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) is a very aggressive disease frequently involving the nasal cavity and upper aerodigestive tract. We retrospectively reviewed the treatment outcomes and treatment-associated complications of the patients with stage I-II early localized ENKL. A total of 24 patients were included. All patients were treated with combined chemoradiotherapy. Three, sixteen, and five patients were initially treated with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgical procedures, respectively. Nine patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and four patients administered immunotherapy with pegylated-interferon alpha. The mean observation time was 71.6 months (range, 29.7-183.6 months). Twenty patients achieved complete remission; thus, the overall response rate was 83.3 %. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were 70.3 % and 62.2 %, respectively. In univariate analysis, HSCT was a significant prognostic indicator for OS and RFS. By combining HSCT, the 5-year OS and RFS rates were 100.0 % vs. 52.5 % (p = 0.018) and 88.9 % vs. 45.7 % (p = 0.045), respectively. Also, absence of B symptoms was a good prognostic factor for RFS, the 5-year RFS rate, 75.0 % vs. 25.0 % (p = 0.010), and B symptoms were significant for RFS in multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 7.4, confidence interval = 1.6~34.1, p = 0.011). However, a total of four cases of grade 3 toxicities were reported. Radiation dose range (≤4,500 vs. >4,500 cGy) was significantly correlated with late complications, as more severe complications occurred more frequently with a radiation dose >4,500 cGy (p = 0.026, in multivariate analysis). For more efficient treatment of ENKL, chemotherapy, HSCT, and/or immunotherapy can be combined with radiation therapy to prolong long-term survival and achieve good local control. Also, lower radiation dose could be administered to avoid severe late complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701, Banpo-dong, 505, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Survival benefit with salvage radiotherapy for patients with locoregionally recurrent extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type. Ann Hematol 2012; 92:325-32. [PMID: 23100164 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-012-1611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to evaluate prognosis in patients with locoregionally recurrent extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) and to determine the value of salvage radiotherapy. Forty-two patients with NKTCL who developed first locoregional recurrence with (n = 13) or without (n = 29) systemic failure were reviewed. Retreatment included chemotherapy (n = 20), radiotherapy (n = 13), and radiotherapy plus chemotherapy (n = 9). Fifteen patients were reirradiated for localized recurrent disease. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate after recurrence was 40 %, with a median survival of 26 months. The 2-year OS rate and median OS were 68 % and 36 months for locoregional recurrence only, compared with 31 % and 14 months for both locoregional and systemic recurrence, respectively (p = 0.034). Subgroup analysis for patients with localized recurrent disease revealed an improved OS with radiotherapy. The 2-year and 5-year OS rates were 77 and 69 % for radiotherapy, respectively, compared with a 2-year OS rate of 50 % and median OS of 16 months for chemotherapy alone (p = 0.006). Patients with localized recurrence had a better prognosis than those with systemic recurrence. Salvage radiotherapy or reirradiation resulted in a favorable prognosis for patients with localized recurrent disease.
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47
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Current and future management of NK/T-cell lymphoma based on clinical trials. Int J Hematol 2012; 96:562-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Clinical implications of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA in early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma patients receiving primary radiotherapy. Blood 2012; 120:2003-10. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-435024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The clinical value of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA has not been evaluated in patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) receiving primary radiotherapy. Fifty-eight patients with stage I disease and 11 with stage II disease were recruited. High pretreatment EBV-DNA concentrations were associated with B-symptoms, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, and a high International Prognostic Index score. EBV-DNA levels significantly decreased after treatment. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 82.6% for all patients. Stage I or II patients with a pretreatment EBV-DNA level of ≤ 500 copies/mL had 3-year OS and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of 97.1% and 79.0%, respectively, compared with 66.3% (P = .002) and 52.2% (P = .045) in patients with EBV-DNA levels of > 500 copies/mL. The 3-year OS and PFS rates for patients with undetectable EBV-DNA after treatment was significantly higher than patients with detectable EBV-DNA (OS, 92.0% vs 69.8%, P = .031; PFS, 77.5% vs 50.7%, P = .028). Similar results were observed in stage I patients. EBV-DNA levels correlate with tumor load and a poorer prognosis in early-stage NKTCL. The circulating EBV-DNA level could serve both as a valuable biomarker of tumor load for the accurate classification of early-stage NKTCL and as a prognostic factor.
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49
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2012; 24:587-95. [PMID: 22886074 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32835793f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Lu NN, Li YX, Wang WH, Jin J, Song YW, Zhou LQ, Wang SL, Liu YP, Liu XF, Yu ZH. Clinical behavior and treatment outcome of primary nasal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer 2011; 118:1593-8. [PMID: 21837667 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is rare. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with nasal DLBCL. METHODS Twenty-five patients were included in the study. All patients received combination chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. RESULTS Patients with nasal DLBCL usually were older and were predominantly men with early stage disease, low frequency of B symptoms and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), good performance status, and a low-risk international prognostic index (IPI) score. The overall response rate after initial treatment was 76%, the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate for the whole group was 44%, and the median OS was 35 months. Performance status and IPI were significant prognostic factors for OS. For patients with IPI scores of 0 or 1, the 3-year OS rate was 54%, and the median OS was 52 months compared with 17% and 11 months, respectively, for patients with IPI scores of 2 or 3 (P = .033). The prognosis for patients who achieved a complete response (CR) was significantly better than that for patients who did not achieve a CR. Extranodal spread was the primary pattern of failure. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that primary nasal DLBCL appears to have distinct clinical features; its poor outcome and propensity for extranodal failure illustrate the need for innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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