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Pretzell I, Desuki A, Bleckmann A, Loges S, Reinacher-Schick A, Westphalen CB, Lange S. What Do German Molecular Tumor Boards Recommend in Patients with PIK3CA-Mutated Tumors? Launch and First Results from the German Transsectoral Molecular Tumor Board Exchange Platform Deutschland. Oncol Res Treat 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38714183 DOI: 10.1159/000539217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comprehensive molecular tumor profiling is widely used in the management of patients with cancer. Molecular tumor boards devise treatment strategies based on testing results. In this setting, the Transsectoral Molecular Tumor Board exchange platform Deutschland (TEAM-D) aims to drive peer-to-peer exchange to connect experts in the field. METHODS During the first virtual TEAM-D meeting, participants from 16 German universities and 5 nonacademic institutions discussed five cases with PIK3CA hotspot mutations. Furthermore, an illustrative case vignette was presented. RESULTS Overall, German caregivers show restraint in administering off-label PIK3CA inhibitor and favor clinical trials in this setting. CONCLUSION In the setting of precision oncology, TEAM-D enables virtual case discussion across the different sectors of the German healthcare system. Based on the example of PIK3CA hotspot mutations, TEAM-D demonstrated the value of integrating knowledge from different healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Pretzell
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Desuki
- University Cancer Center Mainz, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anke Reinacher-Schick
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - C Benedikt Westphalen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich and Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lange
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department of Clinical Medicine - Clinical Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Zhu S, Wang H, Lin L, Fei X, Wu J. Primary breast osteosarcoma in a patient previously treated for ipsilateral invasive ductal carcinoma: An unusual case report with clinical and genomic features. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1013653. [PMID: 36755863 PMCID: PMC9899908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1013653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary breast osteosarcoma is a rare subtype of breast malignancy with limited clinical evidence, inadequate biological understanding, and unmet treatment consensus. Here, we report an unusual case of primary breast osteosarcoma developing in the same quadrant of the breast 2 years after initial dissection and radiation of invasive ductal carcinoma. Thorough evaluations of imaging and pathology were conducted while genomic alterations of both primary and secondary tumors, as well as peripheral blood samples, were explored through the next-generation sequencing technique. A comprehensive review of the current literature was also performed on this rare malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jiayi Wu, ; Xiaochun Fei,
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jiayi Wu, ; Xiaochun Fei,
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Lin ZS, Chung CC, Liu YC, Chang CH, Liu HC, Liang YY, Huang TL, Chen TM, Lee CH, Tang CH, Hung MC, Chen YH. EZH2/hSULF1 axis mediates receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to shape cartilage tumor progression. eLife 2023; 12:79432. [PMID: 36622753 PMCID: PMC9829410 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are primary cancers of cartilaginous tissue and capable of alteration to highly aggressive, metastatic, and treatment-refractory states, leading to a poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate at 11 months for dedifferentiated subtype. At present, the surgical resection of chondrosarcoma is the only effective treatment, and no other treatment options including targeted therapies, conventional chemotherapies, or immunotherapies are available for these patients. Here, we identify a signal pathway way involving EZH2/SULF1/cMET axis that contributes to malignancy of chondrosarcoma and provides a potential therapeutic option for the disease. A non-biased chromatin immunoprecipitation sequence, cDNA microarray analysis, and validation of chondrosarcoma cell lines identified sulfatase 1 (SULF1) as the top EZH2-targeted gene to regulate chondrosarcoma progression. Overexpressed EZH2 resulted in downregulation of SULF1 in chondrosarcoma cell lines, which in turn activated cMET pathway. Pharmaceutical inhibition of cMET or genetically silenced cMET pathway significantly retards the chondrosarcoma growth and extends mice survival. The regulation of EZH2/SULF1/cMET axis were further validated in patient samples with chondrosarcoma. The results not only established a signal pathway promoting malignancy of chondrosarcoma but also provided a therapeutic potential for further development of effective target therapy to treat chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Shin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chiao-Chen Chung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chu-Han Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hui-Chia Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yung-Yi Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Teng-Le Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan,Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ya-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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Kozyraki R, Verroust P, Cases O. Cubilin, the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:65-119. [PMID: 35337634 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cubilin (CUBN), the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor is a large endocytic protein involved in various physiological functions: vitamin B12 uptake in the gut; reabsorption of albumin and maturation of vitamin D in the kidney; nutrient delivery during embryonic development. Cubilin is an atypical receptor, peripherally associated to the plasma membrane. The transmembrane proteins amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin are the currently known molecular partners contributing to plasma membrane transport and internalization of Cubilin. The role of Cubilin/Amn complex in the handling of vitamin B12 in health and disease has extensively been studied and so is the role of the Cubilin-Lrp2 tandem in renal pathophysiology. Accumulating evidence strongly supports a role of Cubilin in some developmental defects including impaired closure of the neural tube. Are these defects primarily caused by the dysfunction of a specific Cubilin ligand or are they secondary to impaired vitamin B12 or protein uptake? We will present the established Cubilin functions, discuss the developmental data and provide an overview of the emerging implications of Cubilin in the field of cardiovascular disease and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Verroust
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Kannan S, Lock I, Ozenberger BB, Jones KB. Genetic drivers and cells of origin in sarcomagenesis. J Pathol 2021; 254:474-493. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmishta Kannan
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Ian Lock
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Benjamin B Ozenberger
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
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Wu Y, Xu Y. Bioinformatics for The Prognostic Value and Function of Cubilin (CUBN) in Colorectal Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922447. [PMID: 33235183 PMCID: PMC7702664 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cubilin (CUBN) gene was reported to be a novel risk variant for colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have shown that germline variants in known cancer driver genes are predictive of patient outcome, but no study has systematically analyzed CRC to identify CUBN that can predict patient outcome and function by using bioinformatics. Material/Methods The association in expression, clinicopathological parameters, and survival were analyzed by using Oncomine, UNCLA, and GEPIA, while CUBN alterations and related functional networks were identified using cBioPortal. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (KEGG) of CUBN in CRC were explored by using LinkOmics. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) examined target networks of kinases, miRNAs, and transcription factors. Results We found that CUBN was overexpressed in CRC. Patients who were in advanced TNM stage tended to express higher CUBN mRNA levels, while those who received radiotherapy tended to express relatively lower CUBN mRNA levels. Higher expression of CUBN was found to be associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, functional networks analysis suggested that CUBN can regulate mismatch repair, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, base excision repair, and proteasome via vitamin digestion and absorption pathway to influence CRC occurrence. Conclusions These findings suggested that CUBN could serve as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker of CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Abstract
Several biomarkers have been developed to detect acute kidney injury (AKI) and predict outcomes. Most AKI biomarkers have been shown to be expressed before serum creatinine and to be more sensitive and specific than urine output. Only a few studies have examined how implementation can change clinical outcomes. A second generation of AKI biomarkers have been developed. These markers, including tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and insulinlike growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), have obtained regulatory approval in many countries based on large, rigorous clinical studies and small, single-centered trials and have begun to establish clinical utility.
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8
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Ma X, Jin L, Lei X, Tong J, Wang R. MicroRNA‑363‑3p inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by targeting PIK3CA. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1365-1374. [PMID: 32323827 PMCID: PMC7107813 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence suggesting that microRNAs (miRs) can modulate the activity of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and are associated with the occurrence of cancer. In the present study, the function of miR-363-3p in the progression of retinoblastoma (RB) was investigated. miR-363-3p expression in RB was decreased, and miR-363-3p protein levels were found to be inversely correlated with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA) levels. Overexpression of miR-363-3p in an in vitro model of RB revealed that miR-363-3p had anticancer effects on RB and regulated PIK3CA, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) protein expression. Downregulation of miR-363-3p promoted cell proliferation of RB cells through PIK3CA, PDK1 and p-AKT protein expression. Knockdown of PIK3CA increased the anticancer effects of miR-363-3p in RB cells. Treatment with OSU-03012, a PDK1 inhibitor, accelerated the anticancer effects of miR-363-3p in RB cells. Taken together, the results demonstrate that miR-363-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in RB by targeting PIK3CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Lan Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jingan Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Runsheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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9
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Zhao J, Dean DC, Hornicek FJ, Yu X, Duan Z. Emerging next-generation sequencing-based discoveries for targeted osteosarcoma therapy. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:158-167. [PMID: 31987920 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy and is frequently lethal via metastasis to the lung. While surgical techniques and adjuvant chemotherapies have emerged to combat this deadly cancer, the 5-year survival rate has plateaued over the past four decades. Therapeutic progress has been notably poor because past technologies have not been able to reveal obscured OS biomarkers and targets. With the advent and implementation of large-scale next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies, various somatic mutations and copy number changes involved in OS progression and metastasis have surfaced. These findings have significantly expanded the amount of genome-informed pathways and candidate genes suitable for targeting in pre-clinical models. Furthermore, NGS analyses comparing primary and matched pulmonary metastatic tumor tissues have catalogued previously unknown prognostic biomarkers in OS. In this review, we delineate the most recent findings in NGS for OS therapy and how this technology has advanced personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xiuchun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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10
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Li X, Seebacher NA, Hornicek FJ, Xiao T, Duan Z. Application of liquid biopsy in bone and soft tissue sarcomas: Present and future. Cancer Lett 2018; 439:66-77. [PMID: 30223067 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue sarcomas account for approximately 1% of adult solid malignancies and 20% of pediatric solid malignancies. Sarcomas are divided into more than 50 subtypes. Each subtype is highly heterogeneous and characterized by significant morphological and phenotypic variability. Currently, sarcoma characterization is based on tissue biopsies. However, primary and invasive tissue biopsies may not accurately reflect the current disease condition following treatment as is may cause marked changes to the tumor cells. Liquid biopsy offers an alternative minimally invasive approach to provide dynamic tumor information, allowing for the application of precision medicine in the treatment of sarcomas. Recently, there have been numerous blood-based tumor components identified by liquid biopsy in sarcomas, including circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free nucleic acids, tumor-derived exosomes and metabolites in circulation. Here, we summarize the current evolving technologies and then elaborate on emerging novel concepts that may further propel the field of liquid biopsy in sarcomas. We address the applications in the context of our current knowledge about liquid biopsy in sarcomas and highlight the potential of translating these recent advances into the clinic for more effective management strategies for sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Nicole A Seebacher
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Lee B, Lee JW, Shim JH, Joung JG, Yun JW, Bae JS, Shin HT, Sung KW, Park WY. Clinical Relevance of Genomic Changes in Recurrent Pediatric Solid Tumors. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1390-1397. [PMID: 30216764 PMCID: PMC6134157 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Relapsed/refractory pediatric cancers show poor prognosis; however, their genomic patterns remain unknown. To investigate the genetic mechanisms of tumor relapse and therapy resistance, we characterized genomic alterations in diagnostic and relapsed lesions in patients with relapsed/refractory pediatric solid tumors using targeted deep sequencing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A targeted sequencing panel covering the exons of 381 cancer genes was used to characterize 19 paired diagnostic and relapsed samples from patients with relapsed/refractory pediatric solid tumors. RESULTS: The mean coverage for all samples was 930.6× (SD = 213.8). Among the 381 genes, 173 single nucleotide variations (SNVs)/insertion-deletions (InDels), 100 copy number alterations, and 1 structural variation were detected. A total of 72.6% of SNVs in primary tumors were also found in recurrent lesions, and 27.2% of SNVs in recurrent tumors had newly occurred. Among SNVs/InDels detected only in recurrent lesions, 71% had a low variant allele fraction (<10%). Patients were classified into three categories based on the mutation patterns after cancer treatment. A significant association between the major mutation patterns and clinical outcome was observed. Patients whose relapsed tumor had fewer mutations than the diagnostic sample tended to be older, had longer progression-free survival, and achieved complete remission after relapse. Contrastingly, patients whose genetic profile only had concordant mutations without any change had the worst outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We characterized genomic changes in recurrent pediatric solid tumors. These findings could help to understand the biology of relapsed childhood cancer and to develop personalized treatment based on their genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Ho Shim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Won Yun
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Seol Bae
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Tae Shin
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Zheng CJ, Yang LL, Liu J, Zhong L. JTC-801 exerts anti-proliferative effects in human osteosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2018; 38:133-140. [PMID: 29447541 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1436561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a promising strategy for drug discovery. In cancer therapy, there is a need to discover novel agents that can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. JTC-801 is a novel GPCR antagonist with the function of reversing pain and anxiety symptoms. This study aims to investigate the antitumor effects of JTC-801 on human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) and elucidate the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect the viability of U2OS cells treated with JTC-801 in vitro. The cell apoptosis was evaluated using a flow cytometry assay with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The inhibitory effect of JTC-801 on invasion and migration of U2OS cells were determined by the Transwell assays. Western blot assay was performed to measure the levels of proteins related to cell apoptosis and its mechanism. RESULTS The JTC-801 significantly decreased the viability of U2OS cells (p < .05) as a result of its anti-proliferative effect through induction of apoptosis associated with activation of BAX, Caspase-3 and down-regulating BCL-2 expression. The invasive and migratory cells were obviously reduced after JTC-801 treatment (p < .05). Further, the phosphorylated AKT, mTOR and active p70 S6 protein kinase in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were obviously lessened in the JTC-801 treated U2OS group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS JTC-801 may exert osteosarcoma cell growth inhibition by promoting cell apoptosis, through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Zheng
- a Department of Orthopaedics , The 2nd Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- b Department of Spine Surgery , The 2nd Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- c Center for Hand-foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstructive Surgery, The 2nd Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Lei Zhong
- a Department of Orthopaedics , The 2nd Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
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13
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Zhu D, Yang D, Li X, Feng F. Heterogeneous expression and biological function of SOX18 in osteosaroma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4184-4192. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danjie Zhu
- Department of OrthopedicsZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Di Yang
- Department of OrthopedicsZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of OrthopedicsZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Fabo Feng
- Department of OrthopedicsZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
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14
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Helbig D, Ihle MA, Pütz K, Tantcheva-Poor I, Mauch C, Büttner R, Quaas A. Oncogene and therapeutic target analyses in atypical fibroxanthomas and pleomorphic dermal sarcomas. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21763-74. [PMID: 26943575 PMCID: PMC5008321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until now, almost nothing is known about the tumorigenesis of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS). Our hypothesis is that AFX is the non-infiltrating precursor lesion of PDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed the world-wide most comprehensive immunohistochemical and mutational analysis in well-defined AFX (n=5) and PDS (n=5). RESULTS In NGS-based mutation analyses of selected regions by a 17 hotspot gene panel of 102 amplicons we could detect TP53 mutations in all PDS as well as in the only analyzed AFX and PDS of the same patient. Besides, we detected mutations in the CDKN2A, HRAS, KNSTRN and PIK3CA genes.Performing immunohistochemistry for CTNNB1, KIT, CDK4, c-MYC, CTLA-4, CCND1, EGFR, EPCAM, ERBB2, IMP3, INI-1, MKI67, MDM2, MET, p40, TP53, PD-L1 and SOX2 overexpression of TP53, CCND1 and CDK4 was seen in AFX as well as in PDS. IMP3 was upregulated in 2 AFX (weak staining) and 4 PDS (strong staining).FISH analyses for the genes FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 revealed negative results in all tumors. CONCLUSIONS UV-induced TP53 mutations as well as CCND1/CDK4 changes seem to play essential roles in tumorigenesis of PDS. Furthermore, we found some more interesting mutated genes in other oncogene pathways (activating mutations of HRAS and PIK3CA). All AFX and PDS investigated immunohistochemically presented with similar oncogene expression profiles (TP53, CCND1, CDK4 overexpression) and the single case with an AFX and PDS showed complete identical TP53 and PIK3CA mutation profiles in both tumors. This reinforces our hypothesis that AFX is the non-infiltrating precursor lesion of PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Helbig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Pütz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Pereira TDSF, Diniz MG, França JA, Moreira RG, Menezes GHFD, Sousa SFD, Castro WHD, Gomes CC, Gomez RS. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is deregulated in cemento-ossifying fibromas. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 125:172-178. [PMID: 29239811 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular pathogenesis of cemento ossifying fibroma (COF) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate mutations in 50 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, including APC and CTNNB1, in which mutations in COF have been previously reported. In addition, we assessed the transcriptional levels of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes in COF. STUDY DESIGN We used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction array to evaluate the transcriptional levels of 44 Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes in 6 COF samples, in comparison with 6 samples of healthy jaws. By using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 7 COF samples, we investigated approximately 2800 mutations in 50 genes. RESULTS The expression assay revealed 12 differentially expressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes in COF, including the upregulation of CTNNB1, TCF7, NKD1, and WNT5 A, and downregulation of CTNNBIP1, FRZB, FZD6, RHOU, SFRP4, WNT10 A, WNT3 A, and WNT4, suggesting activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. NGS revealed 5 single nucleotide variants: TP53 (rs1042522), PIK3 CA (rs2230461), MET (rs33917957), KIT (rs3822214), and APC (rs33974176), but none of them was pathogenic. CONCLUSIONS Although NGS detected no oncogenic mutation, deregulation of key Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway genes appears to be relevant to the molecular pathogenesis of COF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Gonçalves Diniz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Josiane Alves França
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rennan Garcias Moreira
- Genomics Multi-user Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Sílvia Ferreira de Sousa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner Henriques de Castro
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cavaliéri Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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16
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Gianferante DM, Mirabello L, Savage SA. Germline and somatic genetics of osteosarcoma - connecting aetiology, biology and therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:480-491. [PMID: 28338660 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes and treatment modalities for osteosarcoma, the most common primary cancer of bone, have changed very little over the past 30 years. The peak incidence of osteosarcoma occurs during the adolescent growth spurt, which suggests that bone growth and pubertal hormones are important in the aetiology of the disease. Tall stature, high birth weight and certain inherited cancer predisposition syndromes are well-described risk factors for osteosarcoma. Common genetic variants are also associated with osteosarcoma. The somatic genome of osteosarcoma is highly aneuploid, exhibits extensive intratumoural heterogeneity and has a higher mutation rate than most other paediatric cancers. Complex pathways related to bone growth and development and tumorigenesis are also important in osteosarcoma biology. In this Review, we discuss the contributions of germline and somatic genetics, tumour biology and animal models in improving our understanding of osteosarcoma aetiology, and their potential to identify novel therapeutic targets and thus improve the lives of patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matthew Gianferante
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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17
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Davis LE, Jeng S, Svalina MN, Huang E, Pittsenbarger J, Cantor EL, Berlow N, Seguin B, Mansoor A, McWeeney SK, Keller C. Integration of genomic, transcriptomic and functional profiles of aggressive osteosarcomas across multiple species. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76241-76256. [PMID: 29100308 PMCID: PMC5652702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In complex, highly unstable genomes such as in osteosarcoma, targeting aberrant checkpoint processes (metabolic, cell cycle or immune) may prove more successful than targeting specific kinase or growth factor signaling pathways. Here, we establish a comparative oncology approach characterizing the most lethal osteosarcomas identified in a biorepository of tumors from three different species: human, mouse and canine. We describe the development of a genetically-engineered mouse model of osteosarcoma, establishment of primary cell cultures from fatal human tumors, and a biorepository of osteosarcoma surgical specimens from pet dogs. We analyzed the DNA mutations, differential RNA expression and in vitro drug sensitivity from two phenotypically-distinct cohorts: tumors with a highly aggressive biology resulting in death from rapidly progressive, refractory metastatic disease, and tumors with a non-aggressive, curable phenotype. We identified ARK5 (AMPK-Related Protein Kinase 5, also referred to as NUAK Family Kinase 1) as a novel metabolic target present in all species, and independent analyses confirmed glucose metabolism as the most significantly aberrant cellular signaling pathway in a model system for highly metastatic tumors. Pathway integration analysis identified Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1)-mediated checkpoint adaptation as critical to the survival of a distinctly aggressive osteosarcoma. The tumor-associated macrophage cytokine CCL18 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 18) was significantly over-expressed in aggressive human osteosarcomas, and a clustering of mutations in the BAGE (B Melanoma Antigen) tumor antigen gene family was found. The theme of these features of high risk osteosarcoma is checkpoint adaptations, which may prove both prognostic and targetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Davis
- Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew N Svalina
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Elaine Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Janét Pittsenbarger
- Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Emma L Cantor
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Noah Berlow
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Bernard Seguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Atiya Mansoor
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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18
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Al-Zaid T, Wang WL, Somaiah N, Lazar AJ. Molecular profiling of sarcomas: new vistas for precision medicine. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:243-255. [PMID: 28664413 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoma is a large and heterogeneous group of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms with significant histological overlap. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging yet important for selecting the appropriate treatment approach and prognosis. The currently torrid pace of new genomic discoveries aids our classification and diagnosis of sarcomas, understanding of pathogenesis, development of new medications, and identification of alterations that predict prognosis and response to therapy. Unfortunately, demonstrating effective targets for precision oncology has been elusive in most sarcoma types. The list of potential targets greatly outnumbers the list of available inhibitors at the present time. This review will discuss the role of molecular profiling in sarcomas in general with emphasis on selected entities with particular clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Al-Zaid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Boulevard-Unit 85, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neeta Somaiah
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Boulevard-Unit 85, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA. .,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor which is found primarily in adolescents, with the distal femur as the most common location. OS with a jaw primary is present in only about 10% of cases and the risk of recurrence is considered to be decreased in the jaw versus other primary locations. We present a unique case of a patient with localized OS of the jaw with an isolated recurrence in her bone marrow almost 5 years after completion of initial treatment.
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20
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Re-calculating! Navigating through the osteosarcoma treatment roadblock. Pharmacol Res 2016; 117:54-64. [PMID: 27940205 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The survival rates for patients with osteosarcoma have remained almost static for the past three decades. Current standard of care therapy includes chemotherapies such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, and methotrexate along with complete surgical resection and surgery with or without ifosfamide and etoposide for relapse, though outcomes are hoped to be improved through clinical trials. Additionally, increased understanding of the genetics, signaling pathways and microenvironmental factors driving the disease have led to the identification of promising agents and potential paths towards translation of an exciting array of novel targeted therapies. Here, we review the mechanism of action of these emerging therapies and how, with clinical translation, they can potentially improve the survival rates for osteosarcoma patients in the near future.
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21
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Fleitas T, Ibarrola-Villava M, Ribas G, Cervantes A. MassARRAY determination of somatic oncogenic mutations in solid tumors: Moving forward to personalized medicine. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 49:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Berlanga P, Muñoz L, Piqueras M, Sirerol JA, Sánchez-Izquierdo MD, Hervás D, Hernández M, Llavador M, Machado I, Llombart-Bosch A, Cañete A, Castel V, Font de Mora J. miR-200c and phospho-AKT as prognostic factors and mediators of osteosarcoma progression and lung metastasis. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1043-53. [PMID: 27155790 PMCID: PMC5423177 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung metastasis is the major cause of death in osteosarcoma patients. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this metastasis remain poorly understood. To identify key molecules related with pulmonary metastasis of pediatric osteosarcomas, we analyzed high-throughput miRNA expression in a cohort of 11 primary tumors and 15 lung metastases. Results were further validated with an independent cohort of 10 primary tumors and 6 metastases. In parallel, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of activated signaling pathways in 36 primary osteosarcomas. Only phospho-AKT associated with lower overall survival in primary tumors, supporting its role in osteosarcoma progression. CTNNB1 expression also associated with lower overall survival but was not strong enough to be considered an independent variable. Interestingly, miR-200c was overexpressed in lung metastases, implicating an inhibitory feed-back loop to PI3K-AKT. Moreover, transfection of miR200c-mimic in U2-OS cells reduced phospho-AKT levels but increased cellular migration and proliferation. Notably, miR-200c expression strongly correlated with miR-141 and with the osteogenic inhibitor miR-375, all implicated in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These findings contrast epithelial tumors where reduced miR-200c expression promotes metastasis. Indeed, we noted that osteosarcoma cells in the lung also expressed the epithelial marker CDH1, revealing a change in their mesenchymal phenotype. We propose that miR-200c upregulation occurs late in osteosarcoma progression to provide cells with an epithelial phenotype that facilitates their integration in the metastatic lung niche. Thus, our findings identify phospho-AKT in the primary tumor and miR-200c later during tumor progression as prognostic molecules and potential therapeutic targets to prevent progression and metastasis of pediatric osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Berlanga
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Spain; Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain
| | - Lisandra Muñoz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain
| | - Marta Piqueras
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain
| | - J Antoni Sirerol
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain
| | | | - David Hervás
- Biostatistics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain
| | | | | | - Isidro Machado
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Spain
| | | | - Adela Cañete
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Spain; Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain
| | - Victoria Castel
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Spain; Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain
| | - Jaime Font de Mora
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain.
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23
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Chen F, Duggal P, Klein BEK, Lee KE, Truitt B, Klein R, Iyengar SK, Klein AP. Variation in PTCHD2, CRISP3, NAP1L4, FSCB, and AP3B2 associated with spherical equivalent. Mol Vis 2016; 22:783-96. [PMID: 27440996 DOI: pmid/27440996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular refraction is measured in spherical equivalent as the power of the external lens required to focus images on the retina. Myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness) are the most common refractive errors, and the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in the world. The goal of this study is to identify rare and low-frequency variants that influence spherical equivalent. METHODS We conducted variant-level and gene-level quantitative trait association analyses for mean spherical equivalent, using data from 1,560 individuals in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Genotyping was conducted using the Illumina exome array. We analyzed 34,976 single nucleotide variants and 11,571 autosomal genes across the genome, using single-variant tests as well as gene-based tests. RESULTS Spherical equivalent was significantly associated with five genes in gene-based analysis: PTCHD2 at 1p36.22 (p = 3.6 × 10(-7)), CRISP3 at 6p12.3 (p = 4.3 × 10(-6)), NAP1L4 at 11p15.5 (p = 3.6 × 10(-6)), FSCB at 14q21.2 (p = 1.5 × 10(-7)), and AP3B2 at 15q25.2 (p = 1.6 × 10(-7)). The variant-based tests identified evidence suggestive of association with two novel variants in linkage disequilibrium (pairwise r(2) = 0.80) in the TCTE1 gene region at 6p21.1 (rs2297336, minor allele frequency (MAF) = 14.1%, β = -0.62 p = 3.7 × 10(-6); rs324146, MAF = 16.9%, β = -0.55, p = 1.4 × 10(-5)). In addition to these novel findings, we successfully replicated a previously reported association with rs634990 near GJD2 at 15q14 (MAF = 47%, β = -0.29, p=1.8 × 10(-3)). We also found evidence of association with spherical equivalent on 2q37.1 in PRSS56 at rs1550094 (MAF = 31%, β = -0.33, p = 1.7 × 10(-3)), a region previously associated with myopia. CONCLUSIONS We identified several novel candidate genes that may play a role in the control of spherical equivalent. However, further studies are needed to replicate these findings. In addition, our results contribute to the increasing evidence that variation in the GJD2 and PRSS56 genes influence the development of refractive errors. Identifying that variation in these genes is associated with spherical equivalent may provide further insight into the etiology of myopia and consequent vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Priya Duggal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Kristine E Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Barbara Truitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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24
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Abstract
Patients with metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma fare poorly, and new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve survival. Several recent complementary genomic and pathway analyses of both murine and human osteosarcoma have revealed common aberrations of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in osteosarcoma. Preclinical data demonstrate that inhibition of PI3K and mTOR with either a combination of single agents or dual inhibiting compounds can decrease cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. With a lack of available clinical agents active in osteosarcoma, PI3K/mTOR inhibition represents a potential vulnerability in osteosarcoma that warrants clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Bishop
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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25
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Liao Y, Feng Y, Shen J, Gao Y, Cote G, Choy E, Harmon D, Mankin H, Hornicek F, Duan Z. Clinical and biological significance of PIM1 kinase in osteosarcoma. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1185-94. [PMID: 26687194 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent histological form of primary malignant bone tumor. The majority of osteosarcoma patients have limited alternative therapeutic options and metastatic patients generally have a poor prognosis. Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase PIM1 is associated with growth and survival of many kinds of tumor cells. However, the role of PIM1 in osteosarcoma remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the functional and therapeutic relevance of PIM1 as a putative target in osteosarcoma. We found PIM1 was highly expressed in various osteosarcoma cell lines and in tumor tissues from osteosarcoma patients. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the overall and disease-free survival rate of patients with high levels of PIM1 protein expression were significantly shorter than patients with low levels. High levels of PIM1 were also associated with present metastasis and can be considered as an independent prognostic factor in osteosarcoma patients. Knockdown of PIM1 expression by synthetic siRNA or shRNA greatly inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion. Moreover, these changes accompanied with down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. The similar results were obtained in osteosarcoma cells treated with PIM1 specific inhibitor (SMI-4a). These results suggest that PIM1 kinase is critical for the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells and can be a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1185-1194, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Liao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Department of Endocrine, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, China, 430022
| | - Yong Feng
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, China, 430022
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Yan Gao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Gregory Cote
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Edwin Choy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - David Harmon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Henry Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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26
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Hingorani P, Janeway K, Crompton BD, Kadoch C, Mackall CL, Khan J, Shern JF, Schiffman J, Mirabello L, Savage SA, Ladanyi M, Meltzer P, Bult CJ, Adamson PC, Lupo PJ, Mody R, DuBois SG, Parsons DW, Khanna C, Lau C, Hawkins DS, Randall RL, Smith M, Sorensen PH, Plon SE, Skapek SX, Lessnick S, Gorlick R, Reed DR. Current state of pediatric sarcoma biology and opportunities for future discovery: A report from the sarcoma translational research workshop. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:182-94. [PMID: 27132463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a rare subgroup of pediatric cancers comprised of a variety of bone and soft-tissue tumors. While significant advances have been made in improving outcomes of patients with localized pediatric sarcomas since the addition of systemic chemotherapy to local control many decades ago, outcomes for patients with metastatic and relapsed sarcoma remain poor with few novel therapeutics identified to date. With the advent of new technologies to study cancer genomes, transcriptomes and epigenomes, our understanding of sarcoma biology has improved tremendously in a relatively short period of time. However, much remains to be accomplished in this arena especially with regard to translating all of this new knowledge to the bedside. To this end, a meeting was convened in Philadelphia, PA, on April 18, 2015 sponsored by the QuadW foundation, Children's Oncology Group and CureSearch for Children's Cancer that brought together sarcoma clinicians and scientists from North America to review the current state of pediatric sarcoma biology and ongoing/planned genomics based clinical trials in an effort to identify and bridge knowledge gaps that continue to exist at present. At the conclusion of the workshop, three key objectives that would significantly further our understanding of sarcoma were identified and a proposal was put forward to develop an all-encompassing pediatric sarcoma biology protocol that would address these specific needs. This review summarizes the proceedings of the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Hingorani
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Katherine Janeway
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian D Crompton
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack F Shern
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Schiffman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute & Primary Children's Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter C Adamson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajen Mody
- Department of Pediatrics, University Of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Williams Parsons
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chand Khanna
- Molecular Oncology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ching Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Lor Randall
- Huntsman Cancer Institute & Primary Children's Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sharon E Plon
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen X Skapek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Lessnick
- Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Damon R Reed
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Sarcoma Department, Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Tampa, FL, USA
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Chou YS, Yen CC, Chen WM, Lin YC, Wen YS, Ke WT, Wang JY, Liu CY, Yang MH, Chen TH, Liu CL. Cytotoxic mechanism of PLK1 inhibitor GSK461364 against osteosarcoma: Mitotic arrest, apoptosis, cellular senescence, and synergistic effect with paclitaxel. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1187-94. [PMID: 26794530 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a serine/threonine kinase and an oncogene, is crucial in regulating cell cycle progression. PLK1 also has been demonstrated as a potential target of osteosarcoma (OS) by using short hairpin RNA libraries in lentiviral vectors for screening of protein kinase. In preclinical studies, GSK461364, a potent and selective ATP-competitive PLK1 inhibitor, showed antiproliferative activity against multiple tumor cell lines. In the present study, we evaluated the expression level of PLK1 in OS and explored the cytotoxic mechanism of GSK461364 against OS. PLK1 was significantly overexpressed in OS compared with normal osteoblasts and other types of sarcoma. GSK461364 inhibited PLK1 and caused mitotic arrest by inducing G2/M arrest in OS cells. Moreover, GSK461364 exerted a cytotoxic effect by inducing apoptosis in OS, and induced cellular senescence in OS cell lines, as indicated by an increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and enhanced DcR2 and interleukin-1α expression. In addition, we demonstrated a synergistic cytotoxic effect of GSK461364 and paclitaxel, possibly resulting from combined mitotic arrest. In conclusion, the present study revealed that PLK1 was overexpressed in OS and that GSK461364 exerted its cytotoxic effect on OS by inducing mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis and induced cellular senescence; therefore, senescence-associated markers can be used as treatment biomarkers, and a combination of GSK461364 and paclitaxel can potentially treat OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Chou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chueh-Chuan Yen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Chan Lin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yao-Shan Wen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Ting Ke
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jir-You Wang
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tain-Hsiung Chen
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Lin Liu
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wajnberg G, Passetti F. Using high-throughput sequencing transcriptome data for INDEL detection: challenges for cancer drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:257-68. [PMID: 26787005 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1143813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A cancer cell is a mosaic of genomic and epigenomic alterations. Distinct cancer molecular signatures can be observed depending on tumor type or patient genetic background. One type of genomic alteration is the insertion and/or deletion (INDEL) of nucleotides in the DNA sequence, which may vary in length, and may change the encoded protein or modify protein domains. INDELs are associated to a large number of diseases and their detection is done based on low-throughput techniques. However, high-throughput sequencing has also started to be used for detection of novel disease-causing INDELs. This search may identify novel drug targets. AREAS COVERED This review presents examples of using high-throughput sequencing (DNA-Seq and RNA-Seq) to investigate the incidence of INDELs in coding regions of human genes. Some of these examples successfully utilized RNA-Seq to identify INDELs associated to diseases. In addition, other studies have described small INDELs related to chemo-resistance or poor outcome of patients, while structural variants were associated with a better clinical outcome. EXPERT OPINION On average, there is twice as much RNA-Seq data available at the most used repositories for such data compared to DNA-Seq. Therefore, using RNA-Seq data is a promising strategy for studying cancer samples with unknown mechanisms of drug resistance, aiming at the discovery of proteins with potential as novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Wajnberg
- a Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Fabio Passetti
- a Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
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Jour G, Wang L, Middha S, Zehir A, Chen W, Sadowska J, Healey J, Agaram NP, Choi L, Nafa K, Hameed M. The molecular landscape of extraskeletal osteosarcoma: A clinicopathological and molecular biomarker study. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015; 2:9-20. [PMID: 27499911 PMCID: PMC4858130 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOSA) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm representing <5% of osteosarcomas and <1% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. Herein, we investigate the clinicopathological and molecular features of ESOSA and explore potential parameters that may affect outcome. Thirty-two cases were retrieved and histomorphology was reviewed. Clinical history and follow-up were obtained through electronic record review. DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue was extracted and processed from 27 cases. Genome-wide DNA copy number (CN) alterations and allelic imbalances were analyzed by single nucleotide polymorphism array using Affymetrix OncoScan FFPE Assay. Massive high-throughput deep parallel sequencing was performed using a customized panel targeting 410 cancer genes. Log rank, Fisher's exact test and Cox proportional hazards were used for statistical analysis. In this series of 32 patients (male n = 12, female n = 20), the average age was 66 years (19-93) and median follow up was 24 months (range 6-120 months). Frequent genomic alterations included CN losses in tumour suppressor genes including CDKN2A (70%), TP53 (56%) and RB1 (49%). Mutations affecting methylation/demethylation, chromatin remodeling and WNT/SHH pathways were identified in 40%, 27%, and 27%, respectively. PIK3CA and TERT promoter variant mutations were identified in 11% of the cases. Cases harbouring simultaneous TP53 and RB1 biallelic CN losses were associated with worse overall survival and local recurrence (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, respectively). CDKN2A losses and positive margins were also associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.002; p = 0.03, respectively). Our findings suggest that age above 60, positive margin status, simultaneous biallelic TP53 and RB1 losses and CDKN2A loss are associated with a worse outcome in ESOSA. Comparison between conventional paediatric osteosarcoma and ESOSA shows that, while both share genetic similarities, there are notable dissimilarities and mechanistic differences in the molecular pathways involved in ESOSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jour
- Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - Sumit Middha
- Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - Justyna Sadowska
- Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - John Healey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - Lisa Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - Khedoudja Nafa
- Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - Meera Hameed
- Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
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Wang M, Wen TF, He LH, Li C, Zhu WJ, Trishul NM. A six-microRNA set as prognostic indicators for bile duct cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:17261-17270. [PMID: 26770318 PMCID: PMC4694218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cancer progression by altering transcriptional control. The purpose of this study is to identify and explore specific miRNAs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for bile duct cancer (BDC) by analyzing Next-generation data. miRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of BDC samples were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The differentially expressed miRNAs were determined by SAMR package in R software. Target genes of those miRNAs were predicted by Targetscan. Functional enrichment analysis and hypergeometric test analysis of target genes were performed. Then, diagnosis accuracy of miRNAs was judged by ROC Curves analysis. Total 120 differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained, of which six important miRNAs were selected and predicted as prognosis and predicting biomarkers in BDC. Besides, functional analysis showed that both enriched pathways were significantly related with ion binding, which might involve in the carcinogenesis of BDC. Moreover, top 3 important pathways sharing the most influence were noted. Our results demonstrated that hsa-miR-483-5p, hsa-miR-675, hsa-miR-139-3p, hsa-miR-598, hsa-miR-625 and hsa-miR-187 could serve as prognostic and predictive markers for survival of BDC patients and could potentially be provided as targets for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Tian-Fu Wen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin-Hai He
- Department of General Surgery, Xishuangbanna Prefecture People’s HospitalXishuangbanna 666100, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen-Jiang Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
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Wang T, Xu Z, Wang K, Wang N. Network analysis of microRNAs and genes in human osteosarcoma. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1507-1514. [PMID: 26622516 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, numerous studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes play key roles in osteosarcoma (OS); however, the majority of these studies have been conducted with a specific focus on either the genes or the miRNAs, which has made the regulatory mechanisms of OS difficult to decipher. The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the elements [genes, miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs)] associated with the morbidity of OS and to explore the associations among these elements, instead of focusing on one or several elements. The scattered data were collected from existing studies of OS, and three regulatory networks (abnormally expressed, related and global) were constructed to explore OS at a macroscopic level. The abnormally expressed network showed the numerous incorrect data linkages that are present when OS emerges, making it useful as a map of the faults in OS. In theory, the correction of these errors could lead to the prevention and even cure of the disease. Unlike studies in which cancer networks have been formed based purely on gene data, the present study focused on genes and miRNAs, as well as the associations among them, to form the regulatory networks of OS. The constructed regulatory networks were shown to contain numerous self-adaptation associations, which may aid in the analysis of the pathogenesis of OS. By comparing and analyzing the similarities and differences, a number of important pathways were highlighted. A notable finding was the predicted TFs obtained by the P-Match method, which could be used to further study the pathogenesis of OS. In the present study, the mechanism of OS has been systematically analyzed and a theoretical foundation for the mechanism has been provided, which may assist the development of gene therapy targeting OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Wang
- College of Software Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Software Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China ; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Kunhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China ; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China ; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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He ML, Wu Y, Zhao JM, Wang Z, Chen YB. PIK3CA and AKT gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to osteosarcoma in a Chinese population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5117-22. [PMID: 24175786 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the association between PIK3CA and AKT single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) and osteosarcoma susceptibility. METHODS TaqMan polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to detect the genotypes of SNPs (rs7646409, rs6973569 and rs9866361) in peripheral blood samples from 59 patients with osteosarcoma and from 63 healthy controls. Unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between SNPs and osteosarcoma risk. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found between osteosarcoma patients and healthy controls in the genotype of AKT rs6973569 (P = 0.7). However, after stratified analysis, the genotype AA of AKT rs6973569 carried a higher risk of osteosarcoma metastasis (OR:2.94, 95%CL:1.00-8.59); the difference of rs7646409 genotype distributions between the case and control groups was statistically significant (P = 0.032). Taking genotype TT as a reference, the risk of osteosarcoma increased three fold in patients with genotype CC (OR:3.47, 95%CL:1.26-9.56). A statistically significant difference was found between the alleles C and T (P=0.005). Further analysis showed that the risk factor was more pronounced in male patients with Enneking's stage IIB and osteoblastic osteosarcoma. PIK3CA rs9866361 did not fit Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Genotype CC in locus PIK3CA rs7646409 may increase the risk of osteosarcoma in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Lin He
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China E-mail :
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Complementary genomic approaches highlight the PI3K/mTOR pathway as a common vulnerability in osteosarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5564-73. [PMID: 25512523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419260111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor, yet there have been no substantial advances in treatment or survival in three decades. We examined 59 tumor/normal pairs by whole-exome, whole-genome, and RNA-sequencing. Only the TP53 gene was mutated at significant frequency across all samples. The mean nonsilent somatic mutation rate was 1.2 mutations per megabase, and there was a median of 230 somatic rearrangements per tumor. Complex chains of rearrangements and localized hypermutation were detected in almost all cases. Given the intertumor heterogeneity, the extent of genomic instability, and the difficulty in acquiring a large sample size in a rare tumor, we used several methods to identify genomic events contributing to osteosarcoma survival. Pathway analysis, a heuristic analytic algorithm, a comparative oncology approach, and an shRNA screen converged on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) pathway as a central vulnerability for therapeutic exploitation in osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma cell lines are responsive to pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway both in vitro and in vivo.
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Reimann E, Kõks S, Ho XD, Maasalu K, Märtson A. Whole exome sequencing of a single osteosarcoma case--integrative analysis with whole transcriptome RNA-seq data. Hum Genomics 2014; 8:20. [PMID: 25496518 PMCID: PMC4272536 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-014-0020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent primary malignant bone tumour with unknown etiology. These highly metastasizing tumours are among the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths. Thus, there is an urgent need for different markers, and with our study, we were aiming towards finding novel biomarkers for OS. METHODS For that, we analysed the whole exome of the tumorous and non-tumour bone tissue from the same patient with OS applying next-generation sequencing. For data analysis, we used several softwares and combined the exome data with RNA-seq data from our previous study. RESULTS In the tumour exome, we found wide genomic rearrangements, which should qualify as chromotripsis-we detected almost 3,000 somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small indels and more than 2,000 copy number variants (CNVs) in different chromosomes. Furthermore, the somatic changes seem to be associated to bone tumours, whereas germline mutations to cancer in general. We confirmed the previous findings that the most significant pathway involved in OS pathogenesis is probably the WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway. Also, the IGF1/IGF2 and IGF1R homodimer signalling and TP53 (including downstream tumour suppressor gene EI24) pathways may have a role. Additionally, the mucin family genes, especially MUC4 and cell cycle controlling gene CDC27 may be considered as potential biomarkers for OS. CONCLUSIONS The genes, in which the mutations were detected, may be considered as targets for finding biomarkers for OS. As the study is based on a single case and only DNA and RNA analysis, further confirmative studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ene Reimann
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia. .,Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 64 Kreutzwaldi Street, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, Tartu, 50411, Estonia. .,Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 64 Kreutzwaldi Street, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Xuan Dung Ho
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Oncology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Ngo Quyen Street, Hue, Vietnam.
| | - Katre Maasalu
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, Tartu, Estonia. .,Traumatology and Orthopaedics Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 8 Puusepa Street, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Aare Märtson
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, Tartu, Estonia. .,Traumatology and Orthopaedics Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 8 Puusepa Street, Tartu, Estonia.
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Individualized chemotherapy for osteosarcoma and identification of gene mutations in osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2427-35. [PMID: 25431261 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to identify novel gene mutations in osteosarcoma and to guide individualized preoperative chemotherapy for osteosarcoma based on the analysis of expression and mutations of the drug-metabolism-related genes. Twenty-eight osteosarcoma patients received individualized preoperative chemotherapy regimens. Expression levels and mutations of chemotherapy-related genes in samples collected from the patients were determined using real-time PCR and DNA sequencing, respectively. Patient sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated by systematic analysis of the PCR and sequencing results. Novel mutations were identified via high-throughput sequencing of 339 genes in 10 osteosarcoma samples. Individualized preoperative chemotherapy outcomes were valid for nine patients (n = 9/28, 32.1%). Chemosensitivity assays showed that all 28 patients were sensitive to ifosfamide, whereas 46.4 and 39.2% were sensitive to docetaxel and platinum, respectively. More importantly, patients receiving highly chemosensitive chemotherapy agents had better prognosis and treatment outcomes than those receiving less chemosensitive agents (P < 0.05). In addition, 39 gene mutations were detected in at least five osteosarcoma tumor samples. Analysis of the expression and mutation of drug-metabolism-related genes will aid in the design of effective individualized preoperative chemotherapy regimens for osteosarcoma. Determining the chemosensitivity of individual tumors to chemotherapeutic agents will facilitate the development of better therapeutic approaches. Individualized treatment of osteosarcoma may improve chemotherapy efficacy and the survival rate of osteosarcoma patients. High-throughput genotyping allows mapping of osteosarcoma mutations, and novel gene mutations offered new candidates for diagnosis and therapeutic targeting.
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Choy E, MacConaill LE, Cote GM, Le LP, Shen JK, Nielsen GP, Iafrate AJ, Garraway LA, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Genotyping cancer-associated genes in chordoma identifies mutations in oncogenes and areas of chromosomal loss involving CDKN2A, PTEN, and SMARCB1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101283. [PMID: 24983247 PMCID: PMC4077728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying chordoma pathogenesis are unknown. We therefore sought to identify novel mutations to better understand chordoma biology and to potentially identify therapeutic targets. Given the relatively high costs of whole genome sequencing, we performed a focused genetic analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer (Sequenom iPLEX genotyping). We tested 865 hotspot mutations in 111 oncogenes and selected tumor suppressor genes (OncoMap v. 3.0) of 45 human chordoma tumor samples. Of the analyzed samples, seven were identified with at least one mutation. Six of these were from fresh frozen samples, and one was from a paraffin embedded sample. These observations were validated using an independent platform using homogeneous mass extend MALDI-TOF (Sequenom hME Genotyping). These genetic alterations include: ALK (A877S), CTNNB1 (T41A), NRAS (Q61R), PIK3CA (E545K), PTEN (R130), CDKN2A (R58*), and SMARCB1 (R40*). This study reports on the largest comprehensive mutational analysis of chordomas performed to date. To focus on mutations that have the greatest chance of clinical relevance, we tested only oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that have been previously implicated in the tumorigenesis of more common malignancies. We identified rare genetic changes that may have functional significance to the underlying biology and potential therapeutics for chordomas. Mutations in CDKN2A and PTEN occurred in areas of chromosomal copy loss. When this data is paired with the studies showing 18 of 21 chordoma samples displaying copy loss at the locus for CDKN2A, 17 of 21 chordoma samples displaying copy loss at PTEN, and 3 of 4 chordoma samples displaying deletion at the SMARCB1 locus, we can infer that a loss of heterozygosity at these three loci may play a significant role in chordoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Choy
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura E. MacConaill
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Cote
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Long P. Le
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacson K. Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gunnlaugur P. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Gobin B, Huin MB, Lamoureux F, Ory B, Charrier C, Lanel R, Battaglia S, Redini F, Lezot F, Blanchard F, Heymann D. BYL719, a new α-specific PI3K inhibitor: Single administration and in combination with conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:784-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Gobin
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Marc Baud' Huin
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - François Lamoureux
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Benjamin Ory
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Céline Charrier
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
- Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Rachel Lanel
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Séverine Battaglia
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Françoise Redini
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
- Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
- CHU de Nantes; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Frédéric Lezot
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Frédéric Blanchard
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
- Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957; Nantes 44035 France
- Université de Nantes; Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives; Nantes 44035 France
- Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012; Nantes 44035 France
- CHU de Nantes; Nantes 44035 France
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40
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Kim YM, Lee SW, Chun SM, Kim DY, Kim JH, Kim KR, Kim YT, Nam JH, van Hummelen P, MacConaill LE, Hahn WC, Jang SJ. Analysis and comparison of somatic mutations in paired primary and recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer samples. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99451. [PMID: 24936796 PMCID: PMC4060993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 mutations have been proved to be predominated in ovarian cancer in a study from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). However, the molecular characteristics of recurrent ovarian cancers following initial treatment have been poorly estimated. This study was to investigate the pattern of somatic point mutations in matched paired samples of primary and recurrent epithelial ovarian cancers, using the OncoMap mutation detection protocol. We have adapted a high-throughput genotyping platform to determine the mutation status of a large panel of known cancer genes. OncoMap v.4.4 was used to evaluate genomic DNA isolated from a set of 92 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors, consisting of matched paired samples of initially diagnosed and recurrent tumors from 46 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Mutations were observed in 33.7% of the samples, with 29.3% of these samples having a single mutation and the remaining 4.3% having two or more mutations. Among the 41 genes analyzed, 35 mutations were found in four genes, namely, CDKN2A (2.2%), KRAS (6.5%), MLH1 (8.2%) and TP53 (20.7%). TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene, but there was no correlation between the presence of mutation in any gene and clinical prognosis. Furthermore, somatic mutations did not differ between primary and recurrent ovarian carcinomas. Every mutation present in recurrent samples was detected in the corresponding primary sample. In conclusion, these OncoMap data of Korean EOC samples provide that somatic mutations were found in CDKN2A, KRAS, MLH1, and TP53. No differences in mutational status between primary and recurrent samples were detected. To understand the biology of tumor recurrence in epithelial ovarian cancer, more studies are necessary, including epigenetic modifications or additional mutations in other genes.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality
- Colorectal Neoplasms/secondary
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Middle Aged
- MutL Protein Homolog 1
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/mortality
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/secondary
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Young Adult
- ras Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Man Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ulsan, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- ASAN Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wha Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ulsan, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- ASAN Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Chun
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- ASAN Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ulsan, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ulsan, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Rae Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Tak Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ulsan, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Nam
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ulsan, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul van Hummelen
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura E. MacConaill
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William C. Hahn
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- ASAN Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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41
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Theranostic Profiling for Actionable Aberrations in Advanced High Risk Osteosarcoma with Aggressive Biology Reveals High Molecular Diversity: The Human Fingerprint Hypothesis. Oncoscience 2014; 1:167-179. [PMID: 25126591 PMCID: PMC4128257 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of patients with advanced osteosarcoma is poor with limited therapeutic options. There is an urgent need for new targeted therapies based on biomarkers. Recently, theranostic molecular profiling services for cancer patients by CLIA-certified commercial companies as well as in-house profiling in academic medical centers have expanded exponentially. We evaluated molecular profiles of patients with advanced osteosarcoma whose tumor tissue had been analyzed by one of the following methods: 1. 182-gene next-generation exome sequencing (Foundation Medicine, Boston, MA), 2. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)/PCR-based panel (CARIS Target Now, Irving, Tx), 3.Comparative genome hybridization (Oncopath, San Antonio, TX). 4. Single-gene PCR assays, PTEN IHC (MDACC CLIA), 5. UT Houston morphoproteomics (Houston, TX). The most common actionable aberrations occur in the PI3K/PTEN/mTOR pathway. No patterns in genomic alterations beyond the above are readily identifiable, and suggest both high molecular diversity in osteosarcoma and the need for more analyses to define distinct subgroups of osteosarcoma defined by genomic alterations. Based on our preliminary observations we hypothesize that the biology of aggressive and the metastatic phenotype osteosarcoma at the molecular level is similar to human fingerprints, in that no two tumors are identical. Further large scale analyses of osteosarcoma samples are warranted to test this hypothesis.
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42
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Rettew AN, Getty PJ, Greenfield EM. Receptor tyrosine kinases in osteosarcoma: not just the usual suspects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 804:47-66. [PMID: 24924168 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite aggressive surgical and chemotherapy protocols, survival rates for osteosarcoma patients have not improved over the last 30 years. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents are needed. Receptor tyrosine kinases have emerged as targets for the development of new cancer therapies since their activation leads to enhanced proliferation, survival, and metastasis. In fact, aberrant expression and activation of RTKs have been associated with the progression of many cancers. Studies from our lab using phosphoproteomic screening identified RTKs that are activated and thus may contribute to the signaling within metastatic human osteosarcoma cells. Functional genomic screening using siRNA was performed to distinguish which of the activated RTKs contribute to in vitro phenotypes associated with metastatic potential (motility, invasion, colony formation, and cell growth). The resulting RTK hits were then validated using independent validation experiments. From these results, we identified four RTKs (Axl, EphB2, FGFR2, and Ret) that have not been previously studied in osteosarcoma and provide targets for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Rettew
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,
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43
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He JP, Hao Y, Wang XL, Yang XJ, Shao JF, Guo FJ, Feng JX. Review of the molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:5967-5976. [PMID: 25124559 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.5967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating the osteosarcoma (OSA) remains a challenge. Current strategies focus on the primary tumor and have limited efficacy for metastatic OSA. A better understanding of the OSA pathogenesis may provide a rational basis for innovative treatment strategies especially for metastases. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the molecular mechanisms of OSA tumorigenesis, OSA cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and chemotherapy resistance, and how improved understanding might contribute to designing a better treatment target for OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Peng He
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China E-mail : ,
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44
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Luetke A, Meyers PA, Lewis I, Juergens H. Osteosarcoma treatment - where do we stand? A state of the art review. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 40:523-32. [PMID: 24345772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 890] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Long-term outcome for patients with high-grade osteosarcoma has improved with the addition of systemic chemotherapy, but subsequent progress has been less marked. Modern, multiagent, dose-intensive chemotherapy in conjunction with surgery achieves a 5-year event-free survival of 60-70% in extremity localized, non-metastatic disease. A major, as yet unsolved, problem is the poor prognosis for metastatic relapse or recurrence, and for patients with axial disease. This article reviews the current state of the art of systemic osteosarcoma therapy by focusing on the experiences of cooperative osteosarcoma groups. Also, we shed light on questions and challenges posed by the aggressiveness of the tumor, and we consider potential future directions that may be critical to progress in the prognosis of high-grade osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Luetke
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul A Meyers
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ian Lewis
- Alder Hey Children's NHS FT, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Heribert Juergens
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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45
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Rapid screening of novel agents for combination therapy in sarcomas. Sarcoma 2013; 2013:365723. [PMID: 24282374 PMCID: PMC3824404 DOI: 10.1155/2013/365723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients with sarcoma, metastatic disease remains very difficult to cure, and outcomes remain less than optimal. Treatment options have not largely changed, although some promising gains have been made with single agents in specific subtypes with the use of targeted agents. Here, we developed a system to investigate synergy of combinations of targeted and cytotoxic agents in a panel of sarcoma cell lines. Agents were investigated alone and in combination with varying dose ratios. Dose-response curves were analyzed for synergy using methods derived from Chou and Talalay (1984). A promising combination, dasatinib and triciribine, was explored in a murine model using the A673 cell line, and tumors were evaluated by MRI and histology for therapy effect. We found that histone deacetylase inhibitors were synergistic with etoposide, dasatinib, and Akt inhibitors across cell lines. Sorafenib and topotecan demonstrated a mixed response. Our systematic drug screening method allowed us to screen a large number of combinations of sarcoma agents. This method can be easily modified to accommodate other cell line models, and confirmatory assays, such as animal experiments, can provide excellent preclinical data to inform clinical trials for these rare malignancies.
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46
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Berlow N, Davis LE, Cantor EL, Séguin B, Keller C, Pal R. A new approach for prediction of tumor sensitivity to targeted drugs based on functional data. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:239. [PMID: 23890326 PMCID: PMC3750584 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The success of targeted anti-cancer drugs are frequently hindered by the lack of knowledge of the individual pathway of the patient and the extreme data requirements on the estimation of the personalized genetic network of the patient’s tumor. The prediction of tumor sensitivity to targeted drugs remains a major challenge in the design of optimal therapeutic strategies. The current sensitivity prediction approaches are primarily based on genetic characterizations of the tumor sample. We propose a novel sensitivity prediction approach based on functional perturbation data that incorporates the drug protein interaction information and sensitivities to a training set of drugs with known targets. Results We illustrate the high prediction accuracy of our framework on synthetic data generated from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and an experimental dataset of four canine osteosarcoma tumor cultures following application of 60 targeted small-molecule drugs. We achieve a low leave one out cross validation error of <10% for the canine osteosarcoma tumor cultures using a drug screen consisting of 60 targeted drugs. Conclusions The proposed framework provides a unique input-output based methodology to model a cancer pathway and predict the effectiveness of targeted anti-cancer drugs. This framework can be developed as a viable approach for personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Berlow
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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47
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Janeway KA, Place AE, Kieran MW, Harris MH. Future of Clinical Genomics in Pediatric Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:1893-903. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.46.8470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The somatic genomic alterations in pediatric cancers to some extent overlap with those seen in adult cancers, but the exact distribution throughout the genome and the types and frequency of alterations differ. The ultimate goal of genomic research in children, as with adults, is translation to the clinic to achieve more accurate diagnosis, more precise risk stratification, and more effective, less toxic therapy. The genomic features of pediatric malignancies and pediatric-specific issues in clinical investigation may make translating genomic discoveries to the clinic more difficult. However, through large-scale molecular profiling of pediatric tumors, continued coordinated efforts to evaluate novel therapies in the pediatric population, thoughtful phase II and III trial design, and continued drug development, genomically based therapies will become more common in the pediatric oncology clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Janeway
- Katherine A. Janeway, Andrew E. Place, and Mark W. Kieran, Dana-Farber Children's Hospital Cancer Center; and Marian H. Harris, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew E. Place
- Katherine A. Janeway, Andrew E. Place, and Mark W. Kieran, Dana-Farber Children's Hospital Cancer Center; and Marian H. Harris, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W. Kieran
- Katherine A. Janeway, Andrew E. Place, and Mark W. Kieran, Dana-Farber Children's Hospital Cancer Center; and Marian H. Harris, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Marian H. Harris
- Katherine A. Janeway, Andrew E. Place, and Mark W. Kieran, Dana-Farber Children's Hospital Cancer Center; and Marian H. Harris, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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48
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Abstract
Sarcomas are cancers arising from the mesenchymal layer that affect children, adolescents, young adults, and adults. Although most sarcomas are localized, many display a remarkable predilection for metastasis to the lungs, liver, bones, subcutaneous tissue, and lymph nodes. Additionally, many sarcoma patients presenting initially with localized disease may relapse at metastatic sites. While localized sarcomas can often be cured through surgery and often radiation, controversies exist over optimal management of patients with metastatic sarcoma. Combinations of chemotherapy are the most effective in many settings, and many promising new agents are under active investigation or are being explored in preclinical models. Metastatic sarcomas are excellent candidates for novel approaches with additional agents as they have demonstrated chemosensitivity and affect a portion of the population that is motivated toward curative therapy. In this paper, we provide an overview on the common sarcomas of childhood (rhabdomyosarcoma), adolescence, and young adults (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor) and older adults (leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, and undifferentiated high grade sarcoma) in terms of the epidemiology, current therapy, promising therapeutic directions and outcome with a focus on metastatic disease. Potential advances in terms of promising therapy and biologic insights may lead to more effective and safer therapies; however, more clinical trials and research are needed for patients with metastatic sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest K Amankwah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anthony P Conley
- Sarcoma Department, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Damon R Reed
- Sarcoma Department, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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49
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Loh AHP, Brennan RC, Lang WH, Hickey RJ, Malkas LH, Sandoval JA. Dissecting the PI3K Signaling Axis in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Novel Targets for Clinical Integration. Front Oncol 2013; 3:93. [PMID: 23638435 PMCID: PMC3636761 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with solid tumors represent a unique population. Recent improvements in pediatric solid tumor survival rates have been confined to low- and moderate-risk cancers, whereas minimal to no notable improvement in survival have been observed in high-risk and advanced-stage childhood tumors. Treatments for patients with advanced disease are rarely curative, and responses to therapy are often followed by relapse, which highlights the large unmet need for novel therapies. Recent advances in cancer treatment have focused on personalized therapy, whereby patients are treated with agents that best target the molecular drivers of their disease. Thus, a better understanding of the pathways that drive cancer or drug resistance is of critical importance. One such example is the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is activated in many solid cancer patients and represents a target for therapy. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation has also been observed in tumors resistant to agents targeting upstream receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Agents that target this pathway have the potential to shut down survival pathways, and are being explored both in the setting of pathway-activating mutations and for their ability to restore sensitivity to upstream signaling targeted agents. Here, we examine the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in pediatric solid tumors, review the novel agents being explored to target this pathway, and explore the potential role of the inhibition of this pathway in the clinical development of these agents in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos H P Loh
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA
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50
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Abstract
Although improvements in genomic technologies during the past decade have greatly advanced our understanding of the genomic alterations that contribute to lung cancer, and the disease has (to a degree) become a paradigm for individualized cancer treatment in solid tumors, additional challenges must be addressed before the goal of personalized cancer therapy can become a reality for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E MacConaill
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450 Brookline Ave., Dana 1539, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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