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Sendid B, Cornu M, Cordier C, Bouckaert J, Colombel JF, Poulain D. From ASCA breakthrough in Crohn's disease and Candida albicans research to thirty years of investigations about their meaning in human health. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103486. [PMID: 38040100 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) are human antibodies that can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay involving a mannose polymer (mannan) extracted from the cell wall of the yeast S. cerevisiae. The ASCA test was developed in 1993 with the aim of differentiating the serological response in two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The test, which is based on the detection of anti-oligomannosidic antibodies, has been extensively performed worldwide and there have been hundreds of publications on ASCA. The earlier studies concerned the initial diagnostic indications of ASCA and investigations then extended to many human diseases, generally in association with studies on intestinal microorganisms and the interaction of the micro-mycobiome with the immune system. The more information accumulates, the more the mystery of the meaning of ASCA deepens. Many fundamental questions remain unanswered. These questions concern the heterogeneity of ASCA, the mechanisms of their generation and persistence, the existence of self-antigens, and the relationship between ASCA and inflammation and autoimmunity. This review aims to discuss the gray areas concerning the origin of ASCA from an analysis of the literature. Structured around glycobiology and the mannosylated antigens of S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans, this review will address these questions and will try to clarify some lines of thought. The importance of the questions relating to the pathophysiological significance of ASCA goes far beyond IBD, even though these diseases remain the preferred models for their understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boualem Sendid
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marjorie Cornu
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Cordier
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- CNRS UMR 8576, Computational Molecular Systems Biology, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Frederic Colombel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel Poulain
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Yehya A, Youssef J, Hachem S, Ismael J, Abou-Kheir W. Tissue-specific cancer stem/progenitor cells: Therapeutic implications. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:323-341. [PMID: 37342220 PMCID: PMC10277968 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation are the standard therapeutic modalities for treating cancer. These approaches are intended to target the more mature and rapidly dividing cancer cells. However, they spare the relatively quiescent and intrinsically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) subpopulation residing within the tumor tissue. Thus, a temporary eradication is achieved and the tumor bulk tends to revert supported by CSCs' resistant features. Based on their unique expression profile, the identification, isolation, and selective targeting of CSCs hold great promise for challenging treatment failure and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. Yet, targeting CSCs is limited mainly by the irrelevance of the utilized cancer models. A new era of targeted and personalized anti-cancer therapies has been developed with cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) as a tool for establishing pre-clinical tumor models. Herein, we discuss the updated and presently available tissue-specific CSC markers in five highly occurring solid tumors. Additionally, we highlight the advantage and relevance of the three-dimensional PDOs culture model as a platform for modeling cancer, evaluating the efficacy of CSC-based therapeutics, and predicting drug response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Yehya
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Joe Youssef
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Sana Hachem
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jana Ismael
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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Proinflammatory and Cancer-Promoting Pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum Directly Targets Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091256. [PMID: 36139097 PMCID: PMC9496236 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacterial communities participate in gut homeostasis and are recognized as crucial in bowel inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a pathobiont of the oral microflora, has recently emerged as a CRC-associated microbe linked to disease progression, metastasis, and a poor clinical outcome; however, the primary cellular and/or microenvironmental targets of this agent remain elusive. We report here that Fn directly targets putative colorectal cancer stem cells (CR-CSCs), a tumor cell subset endowed with cancer re-initiating capacity after surgery and chemotherapy. A patient-derived CSC line, highly enriched (70%) for the stem marker CD133, was expanded as tumor spheroids, dissociated, and exposed in vitro to varying amounts (range 100–500 MOI) of Fn. We found that Fn stably adheres to CSCs, likely by multiple interactions involving the tumor-associated Gal-GalNac disaccharide and the Fn-docking protein CEA-family cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM-1), robustly expressed on CSCs. Importantly, Fn elicited innate immune responses in CSCs and triggered a growth factor-like, protein tyrosine phosphorylation cascade largely dependent on CEACAM-1 and culminating in the activation of p42/44 MAP kinase. Thus, the direct stimulation of CSCs by Fn may contribute to microbiota-driven colorectal carcinogenesis and represent a target for innovative therapies.
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Zhang DY, Monteiro MJ, Liu JP, Gu WY. Mechanisms of cancer stem cell senescence: Current understanding and future perspectives. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1185-1202. [PMID: 34046925 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of heterogeneous tumor cells with the capacity of self-renewal and aberrant differentiation for immortality and divergent lineages of cancer cells. In contrast to bulky tumor cells, CSCs remain less differentiated and resistant to therapy even when targeted with tissue-specific antigenic markers. This makes CSCs responsible for not only tumor initiation, development, but also tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence suggests that CSCs can undergo cell senescence, a non-proliferative state of cells in response to stress. While cell senescence attenuates tumor cell proliferation, it is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressive mechanism. However, mounting research indicates that CSC senescence also provides these cells with the capacity to evade cytotoxic effects from cancer therapy, exacerbating cancer relapse and metastasis. Recent studies demonstrate that senescence drives reprogramming of cancer cell toward stemness and promotes CSC generation. In this review, we highlight the origin, heterogeneity and senescence regulatory mechanisms of CSCs, the complex relationship between CSC senescence and tumor therapy, and the recent beneficial effects of senotherapy on eliminating senescent tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, Vic, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Wen-Yi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Colloca GA, Venturino A, Guarneri D. Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Tumor Kinetics After Eight Weeks of Chemotherapy is Independently Associated With Overall Survival in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2020; 19:e200-e207. [PMID: 32952072 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) best reduction after chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been reported as a prognostic factor. The study aims to evaluate whether serum CEA kinetics after 8 weeks of chemotherapy was prognostic in patients with mCRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with mCRC, who received chemotherapy and for whom CEA determinations were available at baseline and after 8 weeks, was performed. A Cox model was built including all variables with a significant correlation with overall survival (OS) after bivariate analysis. RESULTS Of 200 screened patients with mCRC, 83 were eligible and were enrolled for the analysis. Eighteen variables were tested in bivariate analysis with OS, and a Cox model was built up with 7 of them. Two of 5 CEA kinetics-related variables reported an independent effect on OS when included in the previous Cox model: the CEA response rate after 8 weeks (hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-3.59) and the CEA-specific growth rate after 8 weeks (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-3.37). CONCLUSIONS After 8 weeks from the beginning of chemotherapy, CEA reduction rate of 50% and CEA-specific growth lower than -0.5%/day are effective prognostic factors among patients with high serum CEA levels and could become useful intermediate endpoints of clinical trials.
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Secretome Proteomic Approaches for Biomarker Discovery: An Update on Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56090443. [PMID: 32878319 PMCID: PMC7559921 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Searching for new cancer-related biomarkers is a key priority for the early detection of solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), in clinically relevant biological fluids. The cell line and/or tumor tissue secretome represents a valuable resource for discovering novel protein markers secreted by cancer cells. The advantage of a secretome analysis is the reduction of the large dynamic range characterizing human plasma/serum, and the simultaneous enrichment of low abundance cancer-secreted proteins, thereby overcoming the technical limitations underlying the direct search in blood samples. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of recent studies on the CRC secretome for biomarker discovery, focusing both on methodological and technical aspects of secretome proteomic approaches and on biomarker-independent validation in CRC patient samples (blood and tissues). Secretome proteomics are mainly based on LC-MS/MS analyses for which secretome samples are either in-gel or in-solution trypsin-digested. Adequate numbers of biological and technical replicates are required to ensure high reproducibility and robustness of the secretome studies. Moreover, another major challenge is the accuracy of proteomic quantitative analysis performed by label-free or labeling methods. The analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the CRC secretome by using bioinformatic tools allowed the identification of potential biomarkers for early CRC detection. In this scenario, this review may help to follow-up the recent secretome studies in order to select promising circulating biomarkers to be validated in larger screenings, thereby contributing toward a complete translation in clinical practice.
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Tian C, Zhang B, Ge C. Effect of CEACAM6 silencing on the biological behavior of human gallbladder cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2677-2688. [PMID: 32782584 PMCID: PMC7400980 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in various malignant tumors and thus represents a potential biomarker, although information regarding its role in gallbladder cancer (GBC) is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CEACAM6 in GBC and the effect of CEACAM6 gene silencing on the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human GBC cells. Immunochemistry was used to evaluate CEACAM6 expression in 95 GBC specimens and 40 peritumoral tissue specimens. GBC-SD and SGC-996 cell lines were used for in vitro experiments. CEACAM6 was knocked down by transfection of targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA), and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect knockdown efficiency. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were undertaken to evaluate cell proliferation. Variations in cell migration and invasion were detected by wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Flow cytometry was applied to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. CEACAM6 gene expression was significantly greater in GBC tissues than in peritumoral tissues, and its positive expression was associated with poor prognosis. CEACAM6 mRNA and protein expression in the CEACAM6 siRNA treatment group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group and the blank group. CEACAM6 knockdown inhibited GBC cell proliferation, migration and invasion but promoted cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis of invasion- and apoptosis-related proteins matrix metalloproteinase-2, Vimentin, BCL-2 and BAX further confirmed CEACAM6 mRNA depletion promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited invasion. Additionally, CEACAM6 mRNA depletion affected the progression of the GBC cell cycle to increase cell distribution in G0/G1 phase, and to reduce it in G2/M phase and S phase. These findings indicated that CEACAM6 overexpression may be related to the tumorigenesis and development of GBC. In summary, depletion of CEACAM6 mRNA suppressed the malignant biological behaviors of human gallbladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Tian
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Bingye Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Ge
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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Du H, Li Y, Sun R, Yuan Y, Sun S, Zhang Y. CEACAM6 promotes cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma and is regulated by microRNA-146a and microRNA-26a. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2473-2482. [PMID: 32648688 PMCID: PMC7471054 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)‐related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a glycophosphoinositol‐anchored glycoprotein which mediates cell‐cell interactions. Here, we aimed to explore the specific functions and regulatory mechanisms of CEACAM6 on cisplatin (DDP) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods RNA sequencing was performed in the DDP‐resistant A549/DDP cell line and parental A549 cell line; miRNA expression profiling of the two cell lines was analyzed using GEO data (GSE43249). Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments were used to investigate the biological function of CEACAM6 in vitro. The expression status and prognostic value of CEACAM6 in LUAD were verified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Results CEACAM6 was first screened to be one of the most significantly upregulated genes in the DDP‐resistant A549/DDP cell line compared to the parental A549 cell line. Combined with computational prediction of candidate miRNAs that target CEACAM6, miR‐146a and miR‐26a were selected and verified by qPCR and luciferase reporter assay. The knockdown of CEACAM6 expression in A549/DDP cells inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, decreased the IC50 values of DDP, and caused a significant downregulation of N‐cadherin, vimentin, Sox2, Oct4 and GTP‐RhoA and upregulation of E‐cadherin; while CEACAM6 overexpression in A549 cells resulted in the opposite effects. Of note, both miR‐146a and miR‐26a could counteract the biological effects of CEACAM6. Furthermore, CEACAM6 mRNA expression was significantly unregulated in DDP‐resistant LUAD tissues of TCGA database. Conclusions CEACAM6 promotes DDP resistance in LUAD by affecting the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and stemness, which is post‐transcriptionally regulated by miR‐146a and miR‐26a.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sanyuan Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Koh EY, You JE, Jung SH, Kim PH. Biological Functions and Identification of Novel Biomarker Expressed on the Surface of Breast Cancer-Derived Cancer Stem Cells via Proteomic Analysis. Mol Cells 2020; 43:384-396. [PMID: 32235022 PMCID: PMC7191048 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common life-threatening malignancies and the top cause of cancer deaths in women. Although many conventional therapies exist for its treatment, breast cancer still has many handicaps to overcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a well-known cause of tumor recurrences due to the ability of CSCs for self-renewal and differentiation into cell subpopulations, similar to stem cells. To fully treat breast cancer, a strategy for the treatment of both cancer cells and CSCs is required. However, current strategies for the eradication of CSCs are non-specific and have low efficacy. Therefore, surface biomarkers to selectively treat CSCs need to be developed. Here, 34 out of 641 surface biomarkers on CSCs were identified by proteomic analysis between the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and MCF-7-derived CSCs. Among them, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules 6 (CEACAM6 or CD66c), a member of the CEA family, was selected as a novel biomarker on the CSC surface. This biomarker was then experimentally validated and evaluated for use as a CSC-specific marker. Its biological effects were assessed by treating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) with short hairpin (sh)-RNA under oxidative cellular conditions. This study is the first to evaluate the biological function of CD66c as a novel biomarker on the surface of CSCs. This marker is available as a moiety for use in the development of targeted therapeutic agents against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Koh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun You
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Se-Hwa Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Pyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
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Ferlizza E, Solmi R, Miglio R, Nardi E, Mattei G, Sgarzi M, Lauriola M. Colorectal cancer screening: Assessment of CEACAM6, LGALS4, TSPAN8 and COL1A2 as blood markers in faecal immunochemical test negative subjects. J Adv Res 2020; 24:99-107. [PMID: 32257432 PMCID: PMC7113625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention is essential to reduce Colorectal Cancer (CRC) mortality. We previously reported a panel of four genes: CEACAM6, LGALS4, TSPAN8, COL1A2 (CELTiC) able to discriminate patients with CRC. Here, we assessed the CELTiC panel by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in the blood of 174 healthy subjects, who resulted negative to the faecal immunochemical test (FITN). Using non-parametric statistic and multinomial logistic models, the FITN were compared to previously analysed subjects: 36 false positive FIT (NFIT), who were negative at colonoscopy, 36 patients with low risk lesions (LR) and 92 patients with high risk lesions or CRC (HR/CRC). FITN showed a significantly lower expression of the four genes when compared to HR/CRC. Moreover, FITN showed a significantly lower expression of TSPAN8 and COL1A2 compared to NFIT and LR patients. The multinomial logistic model confirmed that TSPAN8 alone specifically discriminated FITN from NFIT, LR and HR/CRC, while LGALS4 was able to differentiate FITN from false positive FIT. Finally, ROC curves analysis of the comparisons between FITN and HR/CRC, LR or NFIT reported AUC greater than 0.87, with a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 76%, respectively. The CELTiC panel was confirmed a useful tool to identify CRC patients and to discriminate false FIT positive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Ferlizza
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Solmi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Miglio
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belle Arti 42, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Nardi
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belle Arti 42, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Mattei
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Sgarzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Oliveira RC, Abrantes AM, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. The role of mouse models in colorectal cancer research-The need and the importance of the orthotopic models. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:1-8. [PMID: 32318654 PMCID: PMC7167241 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a worldwide health burden, with high incidence and mortality, especially in the advanced stages of the disease. Preclinical models are very important and valuable to discover and validate early and specific biomarkers as well as new therapeutic targets. In order to accomplish that, the animal models must replicate the clinical evolution of the disease in all of its phases. In this article, we review the existent mouse models, with their strengths and weaknesses in the replication of human cancer disease progression, with major focus on orthotopic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui C. Oliveira
- Biophysics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Pathology DepartmentUniversity Hospital (CHUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO)CoimbraPortugal
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Biophysics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO)CoimbraPortugal
- Surgery A DepartmentFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital (CHUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO)CoimbraPortugal
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Koh EY, You JE, Jung SH, Kim PH. Biological Function of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 for the Enhancement of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Survival against Oxidative Stress. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.4.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Koh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun You
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Hwa Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Pyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
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Valès S, Bacola G, Biraud M, Touvron M, Bessard A, Geraldo F, Dougherty KA, Lashani S, Bossard C, Flamant M, Duchalais E, Marionneau-Lambot S, Oullier T, Oliver L, Neunlist M, Vallette FM, Van Landeghem L. Tumor cells hijack enteric glia to activate colon cancer stem cells and stimulate tumorigenesis. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:172-188. [PMID: 31662289 PMCID: PMC6945247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs), considered responsible for tumor initiation and cancer relapse, are constantly exposed to regulatory cues emanating from neighboring cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Among these cells are enteric glial cells (EGCs) that are potent regulators of the epithelium functions in a healthy intestine. However, whether EGCs impact CSC-driven tumorigenesis remains unknown. METHODS Impact of human EGC primary cultures or a non-transformed EGC line on CSCs isolated from human primary colon adenocarcinomas or colon cancer cell lines with different p53, MMR system and stemness status was determined using murine xenograft models and 3D co-culture systems. Supernatants of patient-matched human primary colon adenocarcinomas and non-adjacent healthy mucosa were used to mimic tumor versus healthy mucosa secretomes and compare their effects on EGCs. FINDINGS Our data show that EGCs stimulate CSC expansion and ability to give rise to tumors via paracrine signaling. Importantly, only EGCs that were pre-activated by tumor epithelial cell-derived soluble factors increased CSC tumorigenicity. Pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis in EGCs or IL-1 knockdown in tumor epithelial cells prevented EGC acquisition of a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. Inhibition of PGE2 receptor EP4 and EGFR in CSCs inhibited the effects of tumor-activated EGCs. INTERPRETATION Altogether, our results show that EGCs, once activated by the tumor, acquire a pro-tumorigenic phenotype and stimulate CSC-driven tumorigenesis via a PGE2/EP4/EGFR-dependent pathway. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from the French National Cancer Institute, La Ligue contre le Cancer, the 'Région des Pays de la Loire' and the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Valès
- Bretagne Loire University, Nantes University, INSERM 1235, IMAD, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Gregory Bacola
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mandy Biraud
- Bretagne Loire University, Nantes University, INSERM 1235, IMAD, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Mélissa Touvron
- Bretagne Loire University, Nantes University, INSERM 1235, IMAD, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anne Bessard
- Bretagne Loire University, Nantes University, INSERM 1235, IMAD, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Fanny Geraldo
- Nantes University, INSERM 1232, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Kelsie A. Dougherty
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shaian Lashani
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Mathurin Flamant
- Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France,Jules Verne Clinic, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Duchalais
- Bretagne Loire University, Nantes University, INSERM 1235, IMAD, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France,Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Lisa Oliver
- Nantes University, INSERM 1232, CRCINA, Nantes, France,Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Bretagne Loire University, Nantes University, INSERM 1235, IMAD, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France,Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- Bretagne Loire University, Nantes University, INSERM 1235, IMAD, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA,Corresponding author at: North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, CB# 8401, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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14
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Akbarzadeh M, Maroufi NF, Tazehkand AP, Akbarzadeh M, Bastani S, Safdari R, Farzane A, Fattahi A, Nejabati HR, Nouri M, Samadi N. Current approaches in identification and isolation of cancer stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14759-14772. [PMID: 30741412 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor cells with initiating ability, self-renewal potential, and intrinsic resistance to conventional therapeutics. Efficient isolation and characterization of CSCs pave the way for more comprehensive knowledge about tumorigenesis, heterogeneity, and chemoresistance. Also a better understanding of CSCs will lead to novel era of both basic and clinical cancer research, reclassification of human tumors, and development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Finding novel diagnostic and effective therapeutic strategies also enhance the success of treatment in cancer patients. There are various methods based on the characteristics of the CSCs to detect and isolate these cells, some of which have recently developed. This review summarized current techniques for effective isolation and characterization of CSCs with a focus on advantages and limitations of each method with clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Moloud Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Bastani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safdari
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farzane
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Colloca GA, Venturino A, Guarneri D. Carcinoembryonic antigen reduction after medical treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2019; 34:657-666. [PMID: 30671635 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-018-03230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The introduction of new drugs and multimodal treatments for the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has reduced the importance of time-to-event endpoints and reported the attention on the response-related endpoints. Furthermore, the prognostic role of the surgical scores before the resection of metastases has not been confirmed for multimodal treatments. The purpose of this research is to perform a meta-analysis of the studies that evaluated the relationship between carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) response and outcome in patients with mCRC receiving systemic chemotherapy. METHODS A systematic review of the literature on two databases and a selection of studies that evaluated the relationship between CEA response and outcome were performed according to predefined criteria. After, three meta-analyses were carried out on the selected studies, each for each outcome variable. RESULTS Nineteen studies have been selected. Fourteen studies (1475 patients) have documented a close association between radiological response and CEA response (odds ratio (OR), 9.03; confidence intervals (CIs), 5.14-15.87; I2 statistic (I2), 72%). Four studies have reported a longer progression-free survival for patients with a CEA response (hazard ratio (HR), 0.73; CIs, 0.64-0.83; I2, 23%). Finally, 10 studies (13 study cohorts) have shown a strong relationship between CEA response and overall survival (OS) (HR, 0. 62; CIs, 0.55-0.70; I2, 35%). CONCLUSIONS CEA response merits further investigation as a surrogate endpoint of clinical trials of first-line medical therapy of patients with mCRC, and should be studied as a prognostic factor for those patients who are candidates for multimodal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Antonio Colloca
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Civile di Sanremo, Via G. Borea n. 56, I-18038, Sanremo (Imperia), Italy.
| | - Antonella Venturino
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Civile di Sanremo, Via G. Borea n. 56, I-18038, Sanremo (Imperia), Italy
| | - Domenico Guarneri
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Civile di Sanremo, Via G. Borea n. 56, I-18038, Sanremo (Imperia), Italy
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16
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Ounpuu L, Truu L, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Klepinin A, Koit A, Tepp K, Puurand M, Rebane-Klemm E, Käämbre T. Comparative analysis of the bioenergetics of human adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line and postoperative tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:1-10. [PMID: 30058357 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore the key bioenergetic properties for mitochondrial respiration in the widely-used Caco-2 cell line and in human colorectal cancer (HCC) postoperational tissue samples. Oxygraphy and metabolic control analysis (MCA) were applied to estimate the function of oxidative phosphorylation in cultured Caco-2 cells and HCC tissue samples. The mitochondria of Caco-2 cells and HCC tissues displayed larger functional activity of respiratory complex (C)II compared with CI, whereas in normal colon tissue an inverse pattern in the ratio of CI to CII activity was observed. MCA showed that the respiration in Caco-2 and HCC tissue cells is regulated by different parts of electron transport chain. In HCC tissues, this control is performed essentially at the level of respiratory chain complexes I-IV, whereas in Caco-2 cells at the level of CIV (cytochrome c oxidase) and the ATP synthasome. The differences we found in the regulation of respiratory chain activity and glycose index could represent an adaptive response to distinct growth conditions; this highlights the importance of proper validation of results obtained from in-vitro models before their extrapolation to the more complex in-vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Ounpuu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Laura Truu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andre Koit
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Egle Rebane-Klemm
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Käämbre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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17
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Dumych T, Yamakawa N, Sivignon A, Garenaux E, Robakiewicz S, Coddeville B, Bongiovanni A, Bray F, Barnich N, Szunerits S, Slomianny C, Herrmann M, Gouin SG, Lutsyk AD, Munoz LE, Lafont F, Rolando C, Bilyy R, Bouckaert JMJ. Oligomannose-Rich Membranes of Dying Intestinal Epithelial Cells Promote Host Colonization by Adherent-Invasive E. coli. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:742. [PMID: 29720971 PMCID: PMC5915571 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel mechanism is revealed by which clinical isolates of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) penetrate into the epithelial cell layer, replicate, and establish biofilms in Crohn's disease. AIEC uses the FimH fimbrial adhesin to bind to oligomannose glycans on the surface of host cells. Oligomannose glycans exposed on early apoptotic cells are the preferred binding targets of AIEC, so apoptotic cells serve as potential entry points for bacteria into the epithelial cell layer. Thereafter, the bacteria propagate laterally in the epithelial intercellular spaces. We demonstrate oligomannosylation at two distinct sites of a glycoprotein receptor for AIEC, carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6 or CD66c), on human intestinal epithelia. After bacterial binding, FimH interacts with CEACAM6, which then clusters. The presence of the highest-affinity epitope for FimH, oligomannose-5, on CEACAM6 is demonstrated using LC-MS/MS. As mannose-dependent infections are abundant, this mechanism might also be used by other adherent-invasive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Dumych
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nao Yamakawa
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Garenaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stefania Robakiewicz
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Bernadette Coddeville
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group-Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Lille Regional Hospital University Centre, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Bray
- Miniaturisation pour l'Analyse, la Synthèse et la Protéomique, USR 3290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Institut Supérieur de l'Electronique et du Numérique, University of Lille, Centrale Lille, UMR 8520-IEMN, University Valenciennes, Lille, France
| | - Christian Slomianny
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.1003, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sébastien G Gouin
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR 6230 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (L'UNAM), Nantes, France
| | - Alexander D Lutsyk
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Luis E Munoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Lafont
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group-Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Lille Regional Hospital University Centre, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- Miniaturisation pour l'Analyse, la Synthèse et la Protéomique, USR 3290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Julie M J Bouckaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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18
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Cytometric Profiling of CD133+ Cells in Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines Identifies a Common core Phenotype and Cell Type-specific Mosaics. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 28:267-73. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In colorectal cancer, CD133+ cells from fresh biopsies proved to be more tumorigenic than their CD133– counterparts. Nevertheless, the function of CD133 protein in tumorigenic cells seems only marginal. Moreover, CD133 expression alone is insufficient to isolate true cancer stem cells, since only 1 out of 262 CD133+ cells actually displays stem-cell capacity. Thus, new markers for colorectal cancer stem cells are needed. Here, we show the extensive characterization of CD133+ cells in 5 different colon carcinoma continuous cell lines (HT29, HCT116, Caco2, GEO and LS174T), each representing a different maturation level of colorectal cancer cells. Markers associated with stemness, tumorigenesis and metastatic potential were selected. We identified 6 molecules consistently present on CD133+ cells: CD9, CD29, CD49b, CD59, CD151, and CD326. By contrast, CD24, CD26, CD54, CD66c, CD81, CD90, CD99, CD112, CD164, CD166, and CD200 showed a discontinuous behavior, which led us to identify cell type-specific surface antigen mosaics. Finally, some antigens, e.g. CD227, indicated the possibility of classifying the CD133+ cells into 2 subsets likely exhibiting specific features. This study reports, for the first time, an extended characterization of the CD133+ cells in colon carcinoma cell lines and provides a “dictionary” of antigens to be used in colorectal cancer research.
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19
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Saygin C, Samour M, Chumakova A, Jarrar A, Lathia JD, Reizes O. Reporter Systems to Study Cancer Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1516:319-333. [PMID: 27221339 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2016_360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have been identified in primary tumors, patient derived xenografts, and established cancer cell lines. The development of reporters has enabled investigators to rapidly enrich for these cells and more importantly track these cells in real time. Here we describe the current state of the reporter field and their use and limitations in multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Saygin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC 10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Mohamed Samour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC 10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Anastasia Chumakova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC 10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Awad Jarrar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC 10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC 10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC 10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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20
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LGALS4, CEACAM6, TSPAN8, and COL1A2: Blood Markers for Colorectal Cancer-Validation in a Cohort of Subjects With Positive Fecal Immunochemical Test Result. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2017; 17:e217-e228. [PMID: 29352642 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A noninvasive blood test for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly required. We evaluated a panel of 4 mRNAs as putative markers of CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested LGALS4, CEACAM6, TSPAN8, and COL1A2, referred to as the CELTiC panel, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, on subjects with positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results and undergoing colonoscopy. Using a nonparametric test and multinomial logistic model, FIT-positive subjects were compared with CRC patients and healthy individuals. RESULTS All the genes of the CELTiC panel displayed statistically significant differences between the healthy subjects (n = 67), both low-risk (n = 36) and high-risk/CRC (n = 92) subjects, and those in the negative-colonoscopy, FIT-positive group (n = 36). The multinomial logistic model revealed LGALS4 was the most powerful marker discriminating the 4 groups. When assessing the diagnostic values by analysis of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), the CELTiC panel reached an AUC of 0.91 (sensitivity, 79%; specificity, 94%) comparing normal subjects to low-risk subjects, and 0.88 (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 87%) comparing normal and high-risk/CRC subjects. The comparison between the normal subjects and the negative-colonoscopy, FIT-positive group revealed an AUC of 0.93 (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 97%). CONCLUSION The CELTiC panel could represent a useful tool for discriminating subjects with positive FIT findings and for the early detection of precancerous adenomatous lesions and CRC.
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21
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Mukohyama J, Shimono Y, Minami H, Kakeji Y, Suzuki A. Roles of microRNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100143. [PMID: 29064439 PMCID: PMC5664082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the initiation, progression and metastasis of human colorectal cancers, and have been characterized by the expression of cell surface markers, such as CD44, CD133, CD166 and LGR5. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed between CSCs and non-tumorigenic cancer cells, and play important roles in the maintenance and regulation of stem cell properties of CSCs. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging epigenetic regulators of various RNA processing events, such as splicing, localization, stabilization and translation, and can regulate various types of stem cells. In this review, we summarize current evidences on the roles of miRNA and RBPs in the regulation of colorectal CSCs. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of human colorectal CSCs will help to develop biomarkers for colorectal cancers and to identify targets for CSC-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Mukohyama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine (Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases) and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
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Proteomic profiling identifies markers for inflammation-related tumor-fibroblast interaction. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:33. [PMID: 29176937 PMCID: PMC5689177 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer associated fibroblasts are activated in the tumor microenvironment and contribute to tumor progression, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammation. Methods To identify proteins characteristic for fibroblasts in colorectal cancer we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to derive protein abundance from whole-tissue homogenates of human colorectal cancer/normal mucosa pairs. Alterations of protein levels were determined by two-sided t test with greater than threefold difference and an FDR of < 0.05. Public available datasets were used to predict proteins of stromal origin and link protein with mRNA regulation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the localization of selected proteins. Results We identified a set of 24 proteins associated with inflammation, matrix organization, TGFβ receptor signaling and angiogenesis mainly originating from the stroma. Most prominent were increased abundance of SerpinB5 in the parenchyme and latent transforming growth factor β-binding protein, thrombospondin-B2, and secreted protein acidic-and-cysteine-rich in the stroma. Extracellular matrix remodeling involved collagens type VIII, XII, XIV, and VI as well as lysyl-oxidase-2. In silico analysis of mRNA levels demonstrated altered expression in the tumor and the adjacent normal tissue as compared to mucosa of healthy individuals indicating that inflammatory activation affected the surrounding tissue. Immunohistochemistry of 26 tumor specimen confirmed upregulation of SerpinB5, thrombospondin B2 and secreted protein acidic-and-cysteine-rich. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting tumor- and compartment-specific protein-signatures that are functionally meaningful by proteomic profiling of whole-tissue extracts together with mining of RNA expression datasets. The results provide the basis for further exploration of inflammation-related stromal markers in larger patient cohorts and experimental models.
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Key Issues Related to Cryopreservation and Storage of Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Protecting Biological Integrity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 951:1-12. [PMID: 27837550 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation and biobanking of stem cells are becoming increasingly important as stem cell technology and application attract the interest of industry, academic research, healthcare and patient organisations. Stem cell are already being used in the treatment of some diseases and it is anticipated that stem cell therapy will play a central role in future medicine. Similarly, the discovery of both hematopoietic and solid tumor stem cells and their clinical relevance have profoundly altered paradigms for cancer research as the cancer stem cells are considered promising new targets against cancer. Consequently, long-term cryopreservation and banking of normal and malignant stem cells is crucial and will inevitably become a routine procedure that requires highly regulated and safe methods of specimen storage. There is, however, an increasing amount of evidence showing contradictory results on the impact of cryopreservation and thawing of stem cells, including extensive physical and biological stresses, apoptosis and necrosis, mitochondrial injuries, changes to basal respiration and ATP production, cellular structural damage, telomere shortening and cellular senescence, and DNA damage and oxidative stress. Notably, cell surface proteins that play a major role in stem cell fate and are used as the biomarkers of stem cells are more vulnerable to cold stress than other proteins. There are also data supporting the alteration in some biological features and genetic integrity at the molecular level of the post-thawed stem cells. This article reviews the current and future challenges of cryopreservation of stem cells and stresses the need for further rigorous research on the methodologies for freezing and utilizing cancer stem cells following long-term storage.
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Chiang WF, Cheng TM, Chang CC, Pan SH, Changou CA, Chang TH, Lee KH, Wu SY, Chen YF, Chuang KH, Shieh DB, Chen YL, Tu CC, Tsui WL, Wu MH. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) promotes EGF receptor signaling of oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis via the complex N-glycosylation. Oncogene 2017; 37:116-127. [PMID: 28892050 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant protein glycosylation could be a distinct surface-marker of cancer cells that influences cancer progression and metastasis because glycosylation can regulate membrane protein folding which alters receptor activation and changes epitope exposure for antibody (Ab) recognition. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6), a glycophosphoinositol-anchored protein, is a heavily glycosylated tumor antigen. However, the clinical significance and biological effect of CEACAM6 glycosylation has not been addressed in cancers. We recently developed an anti-CEACAM6 Ab (TMU) from an immune llama library which can be engineered to a single-domain (sd)Ab or a heavy-chain (HC)Ab. The TMU HCAb specifically recognized glycosylated CEACAM6 compared to the conventional antibodies. Using the TMU HCAb, we found that glycosylated CEACAM6 was a tumor marker associated with recurrence in early-stage OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) patients. CEACAM6 promoted OSCC cell invasion, migration, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and metastasis via interaction with epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and enhancing EGFR activation, clustering and intracellular signaling cascades. These functions were modulated by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 5 (MGAT5) which mediated N-glycosylation at Asn256 (N256) of CEACAM6. Finally, the TMU sdAb and HCAb treatment inhibited the migration, invasion and EGF-induced signaling in CEACAM6-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, the complex N-glycosylation of CEACAM6 is critical for EGFR signaling of OSCC invasion and metastasis. Targeting glycosylated CEACAM6 with the TMU sdAb or TMU HCAb could be a feasible therapy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-F Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Oral and Maxillofacial Section, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-M Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-C Chang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-H Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C A Changou
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-H Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-H Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-Y Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-F Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - K-H Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - D-B Shieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University and hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y-L Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University and hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C-C Tu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-L Tsui
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-H Wu
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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AA-NAT, MT1 and MT2 Correlates with Cancer Stem-Like Cell Markers in Colorectal Cancer: Study of the Influence of Stage and p53 Status of Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061251. [PMID: 28604612 PMCID: PMC5486074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) may help to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. p53 loss increases the pool of CSCs in colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent reports suggest that the oncostatic effects of melatonin could be related to its ability to kill CSCs. Although there are no data linking the loss of p53 function and melatonin synthesis or signaling in cancer, melatonin does activate the p53 tumor-suppressor pathway in this disease. In this work, we analyze whether the expression of melatonin synthesis and signaling genes are related to the expression of CSC markers and the implication of p53 status in samples from patients with CRC. Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT), MT1, and MT2 expression decreased in tumor samples versus normal mucosa samples in mutated p53 (mtp53) tumors versus those with wild-type p53 (wtp53). Further, AA-NAT and MT2 expression were lower in advanced stages of the disease in wtp53 tumors. On the contrary, CD44 and CD66c expression was higher in tumor versus normal mucosa in wtp53 tumors. Additionally, CD44 expression was higher in advanced stages of the disease regardless of the p53 status. Patients with CD44highCD66chigh and wtp53 tumors in advanced stages showed low expression of AA-NAT and MT2 in wtp53 tumors. These results could indicate a possible interaction of these pathways in CRC.
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Corbo C, Cevenini A, Salvatore F. Biomarker discovery by proteomics-based approaches for early detection and personalized medicine in colorectal cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28019089 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
About one million people per year develop colorectal cancer (CRC) and approximately half of them die. The extent of the disease (i.e. local invasion at the time of diagnosis) is a key prognostic factor. The 5-year survival rate is almost 90% in the case of delimited CRC and 10% in the case of metastasized CRC. Hence, one of the great challenges in the battle against CRC is to improve early diagnosis strategies. Large-scale proteomic approaches are widely used in cancer research to search for novel biomarkers. Such biomarkers can help in improving the accuracy of the diagnosis and in the optimization of personalized therapy. Herein, we provide an overview of studies published in the last 5 years on CRC that led to the identification of protein biomarkers suitable for clinical application by using proteomic approaches. We discussed these findings according to biomarker application, including also the role of protein phosphorylation and cancer stem cells in biomarker discovery. Our review provides a cross section of scientific approaches and can furnish suggestions for future experimental strategies to be used as reference by scientists, clinicians and researchers interested in proteomics for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Corbo
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnology s.c.a.r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy.,Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Armando Cevenini
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnology s.c.a.r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnology s.c.a.r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy
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Pan T, Xu J, Zhu Y. Self-renewal molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:9-20. [PMID: 27909729 PMCID: PMC5179189 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) represent a small fraction of the colorectal cancer cell population that possess self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential and drive tumorigenicity. Self-renewal is essential for the malignant biological behaviors of colorectal cancer stem cells. While the self-renewal molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer stem cells are not yet fully understood, the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Hedgehog-Gli (HH-GLI), specific roles mediated by cell surface markers and micro-environmental factors are involved in the regulation of self-renewal. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind self-renewal may lead to the development of novel targeted interventions for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Pan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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CD51 correlates with the TGF-beta pathway and is a functional marker for colorectal cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2016; 36:1351-1363. [PMID: 27593923 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top three most prevalent and deadly cancers. A cancer stem cell (CSC) sub-population that is characterized by the abilities of tumor initiation, self-renewal, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy can suggest new therapeutic targets. However, no such sub-population has been conclusively identified for CRC, and we lack any marker to identify cells with all of the above characteristics. Here, we report that CD51+ CRC cells displayed greater sphere-forming and tumorigenic capacities, increased migratory and invasive potentials, and enhanced chemoresistance compared with CD51- CRC cells. CD51 knockdown reduced the side population, sphere formation, cell motility and inhibited tumor incidence and metastasis in an in vivo tumor model. Furthermore, CD51 could bind transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptors, and that it upregulated TGF-β/Smad signaling. These results indicate that CD51 is a novel functional marker for colorectal CSCs which may provide an therapeutic target for the efficient elimination of colorectal CSCs.
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29
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G9a/RelB regulates self-renewal and function of colon-cancer-initiating cells by silencing Let-7b and activating the K-RAS/β-catenin pathway. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:993-1005. [PMID: 27525719 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming has been associated with the functional plasticity of cancer-initiating cells (CICs); however, the regulatory pathway has yet to be elucidated. A siRNA screen targeting known epigenetic genes revealed that G9a profoundly impairs the chemo-resistance, self-renewal and metastasis of CICs obtained from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients with elevated G9a were shown to face a high risk of relapse and poor survival rates. From a mechanistic perspective, G9a binds with and stabilizes RelB, thereby recruiting DNA methyltransferase 3 on the Let-7b promoter and repressing its expression. This leads to the activation of the K-RAS/β-catenin pathway and regulates self-renewal and function of CICs. These findings indicate that the G9a/RelB/Let-7b axis acts as a critical regulator in the maintenance of CIC phenotypes and is strongly associated with negative clinical outcomes. Thus, these findings may have diagnostic as well as therapeutic implications for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant or metastatic CRC.
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30
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Cancer Stem Cells: The Potential Targets of Chinese Medicines and Their Active Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060893. [PMID: 27338343 PMCID: PMC4926427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the initiation and progression of malignancies has been rigorously validated, and the specific methods for identifying and isolating the CSCs from the parental cancer population have also been rapidly developed in recent years. This review aims to provide an overview of recent research progress of Chinese medicines (CMs) and their active compounds in inhibiting tumor progression by targeting CSCs. A great deal of CMs and their active compounds, such as Antrodia camphorate, berberine, resveratrol, and curcumin have been shown to regress CSCs, in terms of reversing drug resistance, inducing cell death and inhibiting cell proliferation as well as metastasis. Furthermore, one of the active compounds in coptis, berbamine may inhibit tumor progression by modulating microRNAs to regulate CSCs. The underlying molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways involved in these processes were also discussed and concluded in this paper. Overall, the use of CMs and their active compounds may be a promising therapeutic strategy to eradicate cancer by targeting CSCs. However, further studies are needed to clarify the potential of clinical application of CMs and their active compounds as complementary and alternative therapy in this field.
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CD66 and CD49f expressing cells are associated with distinct neoplastic phenotypes and progression in human cervical cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016; 60:166-78. [PMID: 27132080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, building on our recent work identifying a subset of CD66+ve cells with distinctive tumourigenic properties in human cervical cancers, we examine patterns of expression and function of these cells; to generate insights into the process of metastasis. METHODS Our broad approach in this study has been to compare the expression and function of two subsets marked by CD66 and CD49f. We use a combination of histopathology, immunostaining and flow cytometry, functional analysis of an established cervical cancer cell line and a retrospective analysis of a cohort of cervical cancer. RESULTS We noted CD66 expression associated with clusters of cells which are spindle shaped, SMA+ve, podoplanin+ve, phalloidin high, fibronectin high, plakoglobin low, ki67-ve and CK10+ve at the migratory phase along with features of partial EMT. Further, TGFβ1 a well known regulator of EMT, positively correlated with CD66 expression. The additional CD49f+ve subset at the leading invading front of migration was SMA-ve, phalloidin low, fibronectin low, plakoglobin high, Ki67+ve and CK14+ve. These data are consistent with a role for CD66 cells in metastatic invasion with a collective cell migration process co-opting the CD49f subset. Our retrospective analysis of a cohort is consistent with a role for CD66 in metastasis. However, the broad analysis of CD66, CD49f and TGFβ1 expression with patterns of overall survival points to a possible protective effect particularly for local recurrences. Hence, future studies focussing on potential heterogeneity within the CD66 subset along with the possible role of isoforms and intra-cellular roles would be essential.
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32
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Liu Y, Xia T, Jin C, Gu D, Yu J, Shi W, Zhang KE, Zhang L, Ye J, Li L. FOXP3 and CEACAM6 expression and T cell infiltration in the occurrence and development of colon cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3693-3701. [PMID: 27284373 PMCID: PMC4888014 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is involved in immune cell regulation, and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is an adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily. These two genes are associated with cancer progression. In the current study, colon tissue specimens from 78 cases of colon cancer (including 40 of stage I-II and 38 of stage III-IV), 30 cases of colonic adenoma and 12 healthy controls were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2010 and December 2011. The expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CEACAM6 and FOXP3 in colon tissues was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, based on SYBR Green I, was used to detect CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CEACAM6 and FOXP3 mRNA levels in the paraffin block specimens. CD3+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ T cell infiltrations in colonic adenoma were significantly higher than in normal colonic mucosa (P<0.001, P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). However, CD3+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ lymphocytes in stage III-IV colon cancer tissues were lower than in normal control tissues (P=0.015, P=0.002 and P=0.041, respectively); consistently, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ lymphocytes in stage III-IV tissues were even more markedly lower compared with adenoma (P=0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Similarly, CD3+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ T cell infiltration was lower in stage I-II cancer tissues compared with adenoma (P=0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001). CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ T cell infiltrations were also significantly higher in stage I-II compared with stage III-IV cancer tissues (P<0.001, P=0.045, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). CEACAM6 was found to gradually increase from normal colon tissue to adenoma and cancer tissue. FOXP3 was expressed more highly in stage I-II compared with normal tissues (P=0.014), and was even higher in stage III-IV (P<0.001). These results were verified using RT-qPCR, which yielded almost identical results. In summary, the current study demonstrates that FOXP3, CEACAM6 and T cell infiltration are significantly associated with the occurrence and progression of colon cancer, and that immune reactions vary between different stages of colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Jin
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Gu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Weiqiang Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - K E Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Nataraj SM, Prema CL, Vimalambike MG, Shivalingaiah SC, Sundaram S, Kumar AP, Math AK, Prashant A. Major Protein of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Gene Family - CD66c, A Novel Marker in Colon Carcinoma. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:XC01-XC04. [PMID: 27042567 PMCID: PMC4800633 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17180.7286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In view of rising trend of the incidence of colorectal carcinoma in the Indian population due to adoption of western lifestyles and behaviours, we investigated the expression of the new emerging stem cell biomarker, CD66c in colorectal carcinoma of Indian origin. AIM To study the expression of CD66c in human colorectal carcinoma and to correlate level of marker expression with tumour staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS This hospital based prospective study was conducted on 26 colorectal carcinoma patients in the age group of 20 years to 70 years. Surgically resected tumour specimens along with adjacent normal tissue were collected taking necessary precautions, paraffin embedded sections were prepared and used for histological and immunohistochemical analysis of CD66c. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Descriptive statistical measures like mean, standard deviation, percentage was applied. Other inferential statistical tests like Chi-square, Fisher's-exact test and one-way ANOVA was applied to find out the association of CD66c with different stages. The difference were interpreted as statistically significant when p <0.05. RESULTS CD66c showed differential expression with membrane positivity in normal colorectal epithelial cells and cytoplasmic expression in tumour cells. There was significant correlation between CD66c expression and tumour site (p=0.02) with colon carcinoma showing positive expression compared to the rectal carcinoma. There was no significant correlation between CD66c staining and tumour stage (p=0.947). No significant relationship was observed between CD66c expression and other clinicopathologic variables studied such as sex (p=0.552), age (p=0.713) and tumour grade (p=0.263). CONCLUSION CD66c can be specifically used for colon carcinoma and may be a novel marker in colon carcinoma stem cell isolation. The quantification of CD66c can be further verified by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Further studies can be carried out using CD66c alone or in combination with other markers to develop cancer stem cell directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma M Nataraj
- Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Linganna Prema
- Student, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Shivakumar Sundaram
- Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Mandya Institute Of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali Pradeep Kumar
- Student, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ananda Kuruvatti Math
- Student, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akila Prashant
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Liu M, Wu HC. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 in gastrointestinal carcinomas. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:5499-5506. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i34.5499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules 6 (CEACAM6) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is overexpressed in 70% of solid tumors, and strikingly correlates with prognosis in gastrointestinal tumors. CEACAM6 participates in the development of tumors mainly by promoting tumor invasion and metastasis, resisting tumor cell anoikis, enhancing tumor drug resistance, and facilitating tumor cells to escape from the immune mechanism. In recent years, studies show that CEACAM6 has a great application potential in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal carcinomas. In this paper, we summarize the research progress of CEACAM6 in gastrointestinal carcinomas and discuss some related hot issues, with an aim to provide a theoretical foundation for the future clinical application of CEACAM6.
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Johnson B, Mahadevan D. Emerging Role and Targeting of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in Human Malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:100-111. [PMID: 27595061 PMCID: PMC4997943 DOI: 10.2174/2212697x02666150602215823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a member of the CEA family of cell adhesion proteins that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEACAM6 is normally expressed on the surface of myeloid (CD66c) and epithelial surfaces. Stiochiomertic expression of members of the CEA family (CEACAM1, 5, 6, 7) on epithelia maintains normal tissue architecture through homo-and hetero-philic interactions. Dysregulated over-expression of CEACAM6 is oncogenic, is associated with anoikis resistance and an invasive phenotype mediated by excessive TGFβ, AKT, FAK and SRC signaling in human malignancies. Methods: Extensive literature review through PubMed was conducted to identify relevant preclinical and clinical research publications regarding CEACAM6 over the last decade and was summarized in this manuscript. Results: CEACAM5 and 6 are over-expressed in nearly 70% of epithelial malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), hepatobiliary, gastric, breast, non-small cell lung and head/neck cancers. Importantly, CEACAM6 is a poor prognostic marker in CRC, while its expression correlates with tumor stage, metastasis and post-operative survival in PDA. CEACAM6 appears to be an immune checkpoint suppressor in hematologic malignancies including acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma. Several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments targeting CEACAM6 have been designed and developed as a targeted therapy for human malignancies. A Llama antibody targeting CEACAM6 is being evaluated in early phase clinical trials. Conclusion: This review focuses on the role of CEACAM6 in the pathogenesis and signaling of the malignant phenotype in solid and hematologic malignancies and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Johnson
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center & West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN,USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center & West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN,USA
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Therapeutic effect of anti CEACAM6 monoclonal antibody against lung adenocarcinoma by enhancing anoikis sensitivity. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 26204223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis of lung cancer. However, the therapeutic potential for anti CEACAM6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has only been limitedly explored. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of naked anti CEACAM6 mAb against lung adenocarcinoma. Clone 8F5, recognizing B domain of CEACAM6, is established by immunizing A549 cells and screening for clones double positive for A549 and CEACAM6-Fc recombinant protein. We found that 85.7% of 70 resected lung adenocarcinoma tissue sections were positive for CEACAM6, whereas all squamous cell carcinoma examined were negative. A549 cells with high levels of CEACAM6 demonstrated more aggressive growth nature and showed increased paclitaxel chemosensitivity upon 8F5 binding. Treatment with 8F5 to A549 decreased cellular CEACAM6 expression and reversed anoikis resistance. 8F5 also decreased cellular status of Akt phosphorylation and increased apoptosis via caspase activation. In a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma with xenotransplanted A549 cells, 8F5 treatment alone demonstrated 40% tumor growth inhibition. When combined with paclitaxel treatment, 8F5 markedly enhanced tumor growth inhibition, up to 80%. In summary, we demonstrate that anti CEACAM6 mAb is an effective therapeutic treatment for lung adenocarcinoma whose effect is further enhanced by combined treatment with paclitaxel.
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Cramer JM, Thompson T, Geskin A, LaFramboise W, Lagasse E. Distinct human stem cell populations in small and large intestine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118792. [PMID: 25751518 PMCID: PMC4353627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is composed of an epithelial layer containing rapidly proliferating cells that mature into two regions, the small and the large intestine. Although previous studies have identified stem cells as the cell-of-origin for intestinal epithelial cells, no studies have directly compared stem cells derived from these anatomically distinct regions. Here, we examine intrinsic differences between primary epithelial cells isolated from human fetal small and large intestine, after in vitro expansion, using the Wnt agonist R-spondin 2. We utilized flow cytometry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, gene expression analysis and a three-dimensional in vitro differentiation assay to characterize their stem cell properties. We identified stem cell markers that separate subpopulations of colony-forming cells in the small and large intestine and revealed important differences in differentiation, proliferation and disease pathways using gene expression analysis. Single cells from small and large intestine cultures formed organoids that reflect the distinct cellular hierarchy found in vivo and respond differently to identical exogenous cues. Our characterization identified numerous differences between small and large intestine epithelial stem cells suggesting possible connections to intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Cramer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States of America
| | - Timothy Thompson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States of America
| | - Albert Geskin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Shadyside Hospital, West Wing, WG 02.11, 5230 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States of America
| | - William LaFramboise
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Shadyside Hospital, West Wing, WG 02.11, 5230 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States of America
| | - Eric Lagasse
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang A, Chen L, Li C, Zhu Y. Heterogeneity in cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gemei M, Corbo C, Salvatore F, Del Vecchio L. Carcinoembryonic Antigen Family Cell Adhesion Molecules (CEACAM) as Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7681-4_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Oncoproteomic Approaches to Cancer Marker Discovery: The Case of Colorectal Cancer. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7681-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Van de Laar E, Clifford M, Hasenoeder S, Kim BR, Wang D, Lee S, Paterson J, Vu NM, Waddell TK, Keshavjee S, Tsao MS, Ailles L, Moghal N. Cell surface marker profiling of human tracheal basal cells reveals distinct subpopulations, identifies MST1/MSP as a mitogenic signal, and identifies new biomarkers for lung squamous cell carcinomas. Respir Res 2014; 15:160. [PMID: 25551685 PMCID: PMC4343068 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large airways of the lungs (trachea and bronchi) are lined with a pseudostratified mucociliary epithelium, which is maintained by stem cells/progenitors within the basal cell compartment. Alterations in basal cell behavior can contribute to large airway diseases including squamous cell carcinomas (SQCCs). Basal cells have traditionally been thought of as a uniform population defined by basolateral position, cuboidal cell shape, and expression of pan-basal cell lineage markers like KRT5 and TP63. While some evidence suggests that basal cells are not all functionally equivalent, few heterogeneously expressed markers have been identified to purify and study subpopulations. In addition, few signaling pathways have been identified that regulate their cell behavior. The goals of this work were to investigate tracheal basal cell diversity and to identify new signaling pathways that regulate basal cell behavior. METHODS We used flow cytometry (FACS) to profile cell surface marker expression at a single cell level in primary human tracheal basal cell cultures that maintain stem cell/progenitor activity. FACS results were validated with tissue staining, in silico comparisons with normal basal cell and lung cancer datasets, and an in vitro proliferation assay. RESULTS We identified 105 surface markers, with 47 markers identifying potential subpopulations. These subpopulations generally fell into more (~ > 13%) or less abundant (~ < 6%) groups. Microarray gene expression profiling supported the heterogeneous expression of these markers in the total population, and immunostaining of large airway tissue suggested that some of these markers are relevant in vivo. 24 markers were enriched in lung SQCCs relative to adenocarcinomas, with four markers having prognostic significance in SQCCs. We also identified 33 signaling receptors, including the MST1R/RON growth factor receptor, whose ligand MST1/MSP was mitogenic for basal cells. CONCLUSION This work provides the largest description to date of molecular diversity among human large airway basal cells. Furthermore, these markers can be used to further study basal cell function in repair and disease, and may aid in the classification and study of SQCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Van de Laar
- />Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
| | - Monica Clifford
- />Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
| | - Stefan Hasenoeder
- />Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
- />Present address: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85746 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- />Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
| | - Dennis Wang
- />Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
| | - Sharon Lee
- />Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
- />Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Josh Paterson
- />Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
| | - Nancy M Vu
- />Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- />Present address: University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- />Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- />Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- />Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
| | - Laurie Ailles
- />Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
| | - Nadeem Moghal
- />Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
- />Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- />Present address: Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1 L7 Canada
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Dalla Pozza E, Dando I, Biondani G, Brandi J, Costanzo C, Zoratti E, Fassan M, Boschi F, Melisi D, Cecconi D, Scupoli MT, Scarpa A, Palmieri M. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines display a plastic ability to bi‑directionally convert into cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:1099-108. [PMID: 25502497 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often diagnosed when metastatic events have occurred. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance and relapse. A growing number of studies have suggested that CSCs exist in a dynamic equilibrium with more differentiated cancer cells via a bi‑directional regeneration that is dependent on the environmental stimuli. In this investigation, we obtain, by using a selective medium, PDAC CSCs from five out of nine PDAC cell lines, endowed with different tumorsphere‑forming ability. PDAC CSCs were generally more resistant to the action of five anticancer drugs than parental cell lines and were characterized by an increased expression of EpCAM and CD44v6, typical stem cell surface markers, and a decreased expression of E‑cadherin, the main marker of the epithelial state. PDAC CSCs were able to re‑differentiate into parental cells once cultured in parental growth condition, as demonstrated by re‑acquisition of the epithelial morphology, the decreased expression levels of EpCAM and CD44v6 and the increased sensitivity to anticancer drugs. Finally, PDAC CSCs injected into nude mice developed a larger subcutaneous tumor mass and showed a higher metastatic activity compared to parental cells. The present study demonstrates the ability to obtain CSCs from several PDAC cell lines and that these cells are differentially resistant to various anticancer agents. This variability renders them a model of great importance to deeply understand pancreatic adenocarcinoma biology, to discover new biomarkers and to screen new therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Biondani
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Costanzo
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Zoratti
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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A549 cells adapted to high nitric oxide show reduced surface CEACAM expression and altered adhesion and migration properties. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1871-9. [PMID: 25500969 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration and adhesion properties of tumors affect their metastatic rate. In the present study, we investigated carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) 1, 5, and 6 expression in high nitric oxide (HNO)-adapted lung cancer cells compared to parent cells. We observed high transcript levels of CEACAM 1 (4S, 4L), CEACAM 5, and CEACAM 6 in HNO cells compared to parent cells. However, the surface expression was low in HNO cells. Interestingly, the intracellular protein levels were high for these three CEACAMs. We confirmed these results with immunohistochemical experiments. Further, the adhesion and migration assays showed reduced clumping in HNO-adapted A549 (A549-HNO) cells and faster migration rates, respectively. These results document the altered adhesion and migration properties of cells adapted to HNO. Further, our studies also indicate a dynamic regulation of CEACAM protein expression and surface transport in HNO cells.
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Lieto E, Galizia G, Orditura M, Romano C, Zamboli A, Castellano P, Mabilia A, Auricchio A, DE Vita F, Gemei M. CD26-positive/CD326-negative circulating cancer cells as prognostic markers for colorectal cancer recurrence. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:542-550. [PMID: 25624884 PMCID: PMC4301532 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the presence and clinical relevance of a cluster of differentiation (CD)26+/CD326- subset of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in pre- and post-operative blood samples of colorectal cancer patients, who had undergone curative or palliative intervention, in order to find a novel prognostic factor for patient management and follow-up. In total, 80 colorectal cancer patients, along with 25 healthy volunteers were included. The easily transferable methodology of flow cytometry, along with multiparametric antibody staining were used to selectively evaluate CD26+/CD326- CTCs in the peripheral blood samples of colorectal cancer patients. The multiparametric selection allowed any enrichment methods to be avoided thus rendering the whole procedure suitable for clinical routine. The presence of CD26+/CD326- cells was higher in advanced Dukes' stages and was significantly associated with poor survival and high recurrence rates. Relapsing and non-surviving patients showed the highest number of CD26+/CD326- CTCs. High pre-operative levels of CD26+/CD326- CTCs correctly predicted tumor relapse in 44.4% of the cases, while 69% of post-operative CD26+/CD326- CTC-positive patients experienced cancer recurrence, with a test accuracy of 88.8%. By contrast, post-operative CD26+/CD326- CTC-negative patients showed an increase in the three-year progression-free survival rate of 86%, along with a reduced risk of tumor relapse of >90%. In conclusion, CD26+/CD326- CTCs are an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence rate in multivariate analysis, suggesting that their evaluation could be an additional factor for colorectal cancer recurrence risk evaluation in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lieto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Gennaro Galizia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Michele Orditura
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'F. Magrassi-A. Lanzara' Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Ciro Romano
- Division of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Anna Zamboli
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellano
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Mabilia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Annamaria Auricchio
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Ferdinando DE Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'F. Magrassi-A. Lanzara' Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Marica Gemei
- Center for Genetic Engineering, Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples I-80145, Italy
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Misuno K, Liu X, Feng S, Hu S. Quantitative proteomic analysis of sphere-forming stem-like oral cancer cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 4:156. [PMID: 24423398 PMCID: PMC4056689 DOI: 10.1186/scrt386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study is to identify target proteins that may play important functional roles in oral cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) using mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. Methods Sphere-formation assays were performed on highly invasive UM1 and lowly invasive UM2 oral cancer cell lines, which were derived from the same tongue squamous cell carcinoma, to enrich CSCs. Quantitative proteomic analysis of CSC-like and non-CSC UM1 cells was carried out using tandem mass tagging and two-dimensional liquid chromatography with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Results CSC-like cancer cells were found to be present in the highly invasive UM1 cell line but absent in the lowly invasive UM2 cell line. Stem cell markers SOX2, OCT4, SOX9 and CD44 were up-regulated, whereas HIF-1 alpha and PGK-1 were down-regulated in CSC-like UM1 cells versus non-CSC UM1 cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis indicated that many proteins in cell cycle, metabolism, G protein signal transduction, translational elongation, development, and RNA splicing pathways were differentially expressed between the two cell phenotypes. Both CREB-1-binding protein (CBP) and phosphorylated CREB-1 were found to be significantly over-expressed in CSC-like UM1 cells. Conclusions CSC-like cells can be enriched from the highly invasive UM1 oral cancer cell line but not from the lowly invasive UM2 oral cancer cell line. There are significant proteomic alterations between CSC-like and non-CSC UM1 cells. In particular, CBP and phosphorylated CREB-1 were significantly up-regulated in CSC-like UM1 cells versus non-CSC UM1 cells, suggesting that the CREB pathway is activated in the CSC-like cells.
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Altered gene products involved in the malignant reprogramming of cancer stem/progenitor cells and multitargeted therapies. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 39:3-32. [PMID: 23994756 PMCID: PMC3938987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in the field of cancer stem cells have revealed that the alterations in key gene products involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, altered metabolic pathways such as enhanced glycolysis, lipogenesis and/or autophagy and treatment resistance may occur in cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during cancer progression. Particularly, the sustained activation of diverse developmental cascades such as hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/TGF-βR receptors and/or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) can play critical functions for high self-renewal potential, survival, invasion and metastases of cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. It has also been observed that cancer cells may be reprogrammed to re-express different pluripotency-associated stem cell-like markers such as Myc, Oct-3/4, Nanog and Sox-2 along the EMT process and under stressful and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, the enhanced expression and/or activities of some drug resistance-associated molecules such as Bcl-2, Akt/molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug transporters frequently occur in cancer cells during cancer progression and metastases. These molecular events may cooperate for the survival and acquisition of a more aggressive and migratory behavior by cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during cancer transition to metastatic and recurrent disease states. Of therapeutic interest, these altered gene products may also be exploited as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets to develop novel multitargeted strategies for improving current cancer therapies and preventing disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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Lotti F, Jarrar AM, Pai RK, Hitomi M, Lathia J, Mace A, Gantt GA, Sukhdeo K, DeVecchio J, Vasanji A, Leahy P, Hjelmeland AB, Kalady MF, Rich JN. Chemotherapy activates cancer-associated fibroblasts to maintain colorectal cancer-initiating cells by IL-17A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2851-72. [PMID: 24323355 PMCID: PMC3865474 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy stimulates cancer-associated fibroblasts to secrete interleukin-17A to provide maintenance cues to support the growth of colorectal cancer-initiating cells. Many solid cancers display cellular hierarchies with self-renewing, tumorigenic stemlike cells, or cancer-initiating cells (CICs) at the apex. Whereas CICs often exhibit relative resistance to conventional cancer therapies, they also receive critical maintenance cues from supportive stromal elements that also respond to cytotoxic therapies. To interrogate the interplay between chemotherapy and CICs, we investigated cellular heterogeneity in human colorectal cancers. Colorectal CICs were resistant to conventional chemotherapy in cell-autonomous assays, but CIC chemoresistance was also increased by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Comparative analysis of matched colorectal cancer specimens from patients before and after cytotoxic treatment revealed a significant increase in CAFs. Chemotherapy-treated human CAFs promoted CIC self-renewal and in vivo tumor growth associated with increased secretion of specific cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Exogenous IL-17A increased CIC self-renewal and invasion, and targeting IL-17A signaling impaired CIC growth. Notably, IL-17A was overexpressed by colorectal CAFs in response to chemotherapy with expression validated directly in patient-derived specimens without culture. These data suggest that chemotherapy induces remodeling of the tumor microenvironment to support the tumor cellular hierarchy through secreted factors. Incorporating simultaneous disruption of CIC mechanisms and interplay with the tumor microenvironment could optimize therapeutic targeting of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Lotti
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and 3 Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute; 4 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute; 5 Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Usefulness of traditional serum biomarkers for management of breast cancer patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:685641. [PMID: 24350285 PMCID: PMC3856124 DOI: 10.1155/2013/685641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of serum tumor markers levels in breast cancer (BC) patients is an economic and noninvasive diagnostic assay frequently requested by clinical oncologists to get information about the presence or absence of disease as well as its evolution. Despite their wide use in clinical practice, there is still an intense debate between scientific organizations about the real usefulness for patient monitoring during followup as well as response to therapy evaluation in case of advanced BC. In this review, we want to highlight the current recommendations published by scientific organizations about the use of “established” BC serum markers (CEA, TPA, TPS, CIFRA-21, CA15-3, and s-HER2) in clinical oncology practice. Moreover, we will focus on recent papers evidencing the usefulness of tumor markers levels measurement as a guide for the prescription and diagnostic integration of molecular imaging exams such as those performed by hybrid 18-fluorofeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography with integrated computed tomography. This technology is nowadays able to detect early cancer lesions undetectable by conventional morphological imaging investigation and most likely responsible for increasing of serum tumor markers levels.
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Gemei M, Corbo C, D'Alessio F, Di Noto R, Vento R, Del Vecchio L. Surface proteomic analysis of differentiated versus stem-like osteosarcoma human cells. Proteomics 2013; 13:3293-7. [PMID: 24106197 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell characterization represents a breakthrough in cancer research. Despite evidence showing the existence and the role of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma (OS) onset and progression, little is known about their specific surface phenotype. To address this issue, we carried out a cytometric analysis with an antibody-array comprising 245 membrane proteins comparing the stem and differentiated OS cells. As experimental model, we chose the stem-like cell line 3aminobenzamide-OS and its parental, differentiated, cell line MG63. We identified 50 differentially expressed, 23 homogeneously expressed, and 172 not expressed proteins in the two cell line models, thus defining a surface protein signature specific for each of them. Furthermore, we selected ERK1/2 (p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases) as a potential pathway correlated with processes that characterize tumorigenic potential and stemness of 3aminobenzamide-OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Gemei
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l, Napoli, Italy
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Postoperative detection of circulating tumor cells predicts tumor recurrence in colorectal cancer patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2013; 17:1809-18. [PMID: 23813048 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating tumor cells are thought to play a crucial role in the development of distant metastases. Their detection in the blood of colorectal cancer patients may be linked to poor outcome, but current evidence is controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre- and postoperative flow cytometric analysis of blood samples was carried out in 76 colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgical resection. The EpCAM/CD326 epithelial surface antigen was used to identify circulating tumor cells. RESULTS Fifty-four (71%) patients showed circulating tumor cells preoperatively, and all metastatic patients showed high levels of circulating tumor cells. Surgical resection resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of circulating tumor cells. Among 69 patients undergoing radical surgery, 16 had high postoperative levels of circulating tumor cells, and 12 (75%) experienced tumor recurrence. High postoperative level of circulating tumor cells was the only independent variable related to cancer relapse. In patients without circulating tumor cells, the progression-free survival rate increased from 16 to 86%, with a reduction in the risk of tumor relapse greater than 90%. CONCLUSIONS High postoperative levels of circulating tumor cells accurately predicted tumor recurrence, suggesting that assessment of circulating tumor cells could optimize tailored management of colorectal cancer patients.
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