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Cardona AF, Rojas L, Wills B, Behaine J, Jiménez E, Hakim F, Useche N, Bermúdez S, Arrieta O, Mejía JA, Ramón JF, Carranza H, Vargas C, Otero J, González D, Rodríguez J, Ortiz LD, Cifuentes H, Balaña C. Genotyping low-grade gliomas among Hispanics. Neurooncol Pract 2016; 3:164-172. [PMID: 31386063 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are classified by the World Health Organization as astrocytoma (DA), oligodendroglioma (OD), and mixed oligoastrocytoma (OA). TP53 mutation and 1p19q codeletion are the most-commonly documented molecular abnormalities. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 mutations are frequent in LGGs; however, IDH-negative gliomas can also occur. Recent research suggests that ATRX plays a significant role in gliomagenesis. Methods We investigated p53 and Olig2 protein expression, and MGMT promoter methylation, 1p19q codeletion, IDH, and ATRX status in 63 Colombian patients with LGG. The overall survival (OS) rate was estimated and compared according to genotype. Results The most common histology was DA, followed by OD and OA. IDH1/2 mutations were found in 57.1% and MGMT+ (positive status of MGMT promoter methylation methyl-guanyl-methyl-transferase gene) in 65.1% of patients, while overexpression of p53 and Olig2 was present in 30.2% and 44.4%, respectively, and 1p19q codeletion in 34.9% of the patients. Overexpression of ATRX was analyzed in 25 patients, 16% tested positive and were also mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition. The median follow-up was 15.8 months (95% CI, 7.6-42.0) and OS was 39.2 months (95% CI, 1.3-114). OS was positively and significantly affected by MGMT+, 1p19q codeletion, surgical intervention extent, and number of lobes involved. Multivariate analysis confirmed that MGMT methylation status and 1p19q codeletion affected OS. Conclusions This is the first study evaluating the molecular profile of Hispanic LGG patients. Findings confirmed the prognostic relevance of MGMT methylation and 1p19q codeletion, but do not support IDH1/2 mutation as a relevant marker. The latter may be explained by sample size and selection bias. ATRX alterations were limited to patients with DA and were mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Cardona
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Beatriz Wills
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - José Behaine
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Enrique Jiménez
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Fernando Hakim
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Nicolás Useche
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Sonia Bermúdez
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Juan Armando Mejía
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Juan Fernando Ramón
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Hernán Carranza
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Carlos Vargas
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Jorge Otero
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Diego González
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - July Rodríguez
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - León Darío Ortiz
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Hernando Cifuentes
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Carmen Balaña
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., H.C., C.V., J.O.); Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research- FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., B.W., H.C., C.V., J.O., J.R.); Institute of Neuroscience, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia (A.F.C., J.B., E.J., F.H., N.U., S.B., D.G.); Internal Medicicine Depatment, Universidad del Bosque-Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (B.W.); Clinical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia (L.R.); Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (F.H., J.A.M., J.F.R., E.J.); Radiology Department, Division of Neuro-radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia (N.U., S.B.); Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México (O.A.); Clinical Oncology Department, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Clínica de Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia (L.D.O.); Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia (H.C.); Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
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