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Goldsmith JD, Troxell ML, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Colasacco CF, Edgerton ME, Fitzgibbons PL, Fulton R, Haas T, Kandalaft PL, Kalicanin T, Lacchetti C, Loykasek P, Thomas NE, Swanson PE, Bellizzi AM. Principles of Analytic Validation of Immunohistochemical Assays: Guideline Update. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:e111-e153. [PMID: 38391878 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0483-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— In 2014, the College of American Pathologists developed an evidence-based guideline to address analytic validation of immunohistochemical assays. Fourteen recommendations were offered. Per the National Academy of Medicine standards for developing trustworthy guidelines, guidelines should be updated when new evidence suggests modifications. OBJECTIVE.— To assess evidence published since the release of the original guideline and develop updated evidence-based recommendations. DESIGN.— The College of American Pathologists convened an expert panel to perform a systematic review of the literature and update the original guideline recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS.— Two strong recommendations, 1 conditional recommendation, and 12 good practice statements are offered in this updated guideline. They address analytic validation or verification of predictive and nonpredictive assays, and recommended revalidation procedures following changes in assay conditions. CONCLUSIONS.— While many of the original guideline statements remain similar, new recommendations address analytic validation of assays with distinct scoring systems, such as programmed death receptor-1 and analytic verification of US Food and Drug Administration approved/cleared assays; more specific guidance is offered for validating immunohistochemistry performed on cytology specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Goldsmith
- From the Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Goldsmith)
| | - Megan L Troxell
- the Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (Troxell)
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Roy-Chowdhuri)
| | - Carol F Colasacco
- the Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center for Evidence-based Guidelines, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Colasacco, Kalicanin, Thomas)
| | - Mary Elizabeth Edgerton
- the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (Edgerton)
| | - Patrick L Fitzgibbons
- the Department of Pathology, Providence St Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, California (Fitzgibbons)
| | - Regan Fulton
- Array Science, LLC, Sausalito, California (Fulton)
| | - Thomas Haas
- Seagull Laboratory Consulting, Janesville, Wisconsin (Haas)
| | | | - Tanja Kalicanin
- the Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center for Evidence-based Guidelines, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Colasacco, Kalicanin, Thomas)
| | - Christina Lacchetti
- Policy and Advocacy, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, Virginia (Lacchetti)
| | - Patti Loykasek
- Molecular, Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry, Pathology Laboratory Associates, Tulsa, Oklahoma (Loykasek)
| | - Nicole E Thomas
- the Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center for Evidence-based Guidelines, College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Colasacco, Kalicanin, Thomas)
| | - Paul E Swanson
- the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington (Swanson)
| | - Andrew M Bellizzi
- the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa (Bellizzi)
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Vlajnic T, Chijioke O, Roma L, Savic Prince S, Zellweger T, Rentsch CA, Bubendorf L. Loss of MTAP Expression by Immunohistochemistry Is a Surrogate Marker for Homozygous 9p21.3 Deletion in Urothelial Carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100495. [PMID: 38641323 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Homozygous deletion of the chromosomal region 9p21.3 is common in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and leads to loss of several genes, including CDKN2A and MTAP, resulting in loss of MTAP protein expression. Here, we aimed to explore the diagnostic potential of MTAP immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a surrogate marker for homozygous 9p21.3 deletion (9p21 homozygous deletion [HD]) in UC. MTAP status was determined by IHC on 27 UC tissue specimens with known 9p21.3 status as defined by fluorescence in situ hybridization in matched cytological specimens, by IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 359 UC at different stages, and by IHC on 729 consecutive UC from routine practice. Moreover, we analyzed a longitudinal series of matched specimens from 38 patients with MTAP-negative recurrent UC. MTAP loss by IHC was found in all 17 patients with 9p21 HD and in 2/8 cases without 9p21 HD. In the TMA, MTAP loss was more common in metastases (53%) than in muscle-invasive (33%) and non-muscle-invasive UC (29%) (P = .03). In the consecutive series, 164/729 (22%) cases showed loss of MTAP expression. In 41 of these 164 cases (25%), loss of MTAP expression was heterogenous. We also discovered loss of MTAP expression in flat urothelium adjacent to MTAP-negative low-grade UC, suggesting true flat low-grade neoplasia that could not be diagnosed by morphology alone. Longitudinal analysis of recurrences showed persistent negative MTAP status over time in 37/38 (97%) patients. MTAP IHC can serve as a surrogate marker for 9p21 HD in UC and as a diagnostic tool to differentiate reactive urothelium from urothelial neoplasia. It also provides a unique opportunity to study clinicopathological associations and the heterogeneity of 9p21 HD across the whole spectrum of UC manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Roma
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Spasenija Savic Prince
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Cyrill A Rentsch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Sun D, Feng F, Teng F, Xie T, Wang J, Xing P, Qian H, Li J. Multiomics analysis revealed the mechanisms related to the enhancement of proliferation, metastasis and EGFR-TKI resistance in EGFR-mutant LUAD with ARID1A deficiency. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:48. [PMID: 36869329 PMCID: PMC9985251 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulated ARID1A expression is frequently detected in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and mediates significant changes in cancer behaviors and a poor prognosis. ARID1A deficiency in LUAD enhances proliferation and metastasis, which could be induced by activation of the Akt signaling pathway. However, no further exploration of the mechanisms has been performed. METHODS Lentivirus was used for the establishment of the ARID1A knockdown (ARID1A-KD) cell line. MTS and migration/invasion assays were used to examine changes in cell behaviors. RNA-seq and proteomics methods were applied. ARID1A expression in tissue samples was determined by IHC. R software was used to construct a nomogram. RESULTS ARID1A KD significantly promoted the cell cycle and accelerated cell division. In addition, ARID1A KD increased the phosphorylation level of a series of oncogenic proteins, such as EGFR, ErbB2 and RAF1, activated the corresponding pathways and resulted in disease progression. In addition, the bypass activation of the ErbB pathway, the activation of the VEGF pathway and the expression level changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation biomarkers induced by ARID1A KD contributed to the insensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. The relationship between ARID1A and the sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs was also determined using tissue samples from LUAD patients. CONCLUSION Loss of ARID1A expression influences the cell cycle, accelerates cell division, and promotes metastasis. EGFR-mutant LUAD patients with low ARID1A expression had poor overall survival. In addition, low ARID1A expression was associated with a poor prognosis in EGFR-mutant LUAD patients who received first-generation EGFR-TKI treatment. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feiyue Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tongji Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Puyuan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Malinaric R, Mantica G, Lo Monaco L, Mariano F, Leonardi R, Simonato A, Van der Merwe A, Terrone C. The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers-What Should a Urologist Really Know? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159648. [PMID: 35955004 PMCID: PMC9368399 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to analyze and describe the current landscape of bladder cancer diagnostic and surveillance biomarkers. We researched the literature from 2016 to November 2021 to find the most promising new molecules and divided them into seven different subgroups based on their function and location in the cell. Although cystoscopy and cytology are still the gold standard for diagnosis and surveillance when it comes to bladder cancer (BCa), their cost is quite a burden for national health systems worldwide. Currently, the research is focused on finding a biomarker that has high negative predictive value (NPV) and can exclude with a certainty the presence of the tumor, considering missing it could be disastrous for the patient. Every subgroup has its own advantages and disadvantages; for example, protein biomarkers cost less than genomic ones, but on the other hand, they seem to be less precise. We tried to simplify this complicated topic as much as possible in order to make it comprehensible to doctors and urologists that are not as familiar with it, as well as encourage them to actively participate in ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Malinaric
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Guglielmo Mantica
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Monaco
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Mariano
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosario Leonardi
- Department of Urology, Casa di Cura Musumeci GECAS, 95030 Gravina di Catania, Italy
| | - Alchiede Simonato
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - André Van der Merwe
- Department of Urology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | - Carlo Terrone
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Zhao S, Wu W, Jiang Z, Tang F, Ding L, Xu W, Ruan L. Roles of ARID1A variations in colorectal cancer: a collaborative review. Mol Med 2022; 28:42. [PMID: 35421925 PMCID: PMC9009033 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC), a common malignancy, is one of the leading cause of cancer death in adults. AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), a critical portion of the SWItch/sucrose non-fermentation (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes, shows one of the most frequent mutant genes across different human cancer types. Deleterious variations of ARID1A has been recognized to be correlated the tumorigenesis and the poor prognosis of CRC. Here, we summarize recent advances in the clinical implications and molecular pathogenesis of ARID1A variations in CRC. According to independent data of 23 included studies, ARID1A is mutated in 3.6–66.7%. Consistently, all of the 23 relevant studies report that ARID1A functions as a specific tumor suppressor in CRC. Clinically, ARID1A variation status serves as a biomarker for survival prognosis and various therapies for CRC. Mechanistically, the pathophysiologic impacts of ARID1A variations on CRC may be associated with the co-occurrence variations of other genes (i.e., TP53, KRAS, APC, FBXW7, and PIK3CA) and the regulation of several signaling pathways being affected (i.e., WNT signaling, Akt signaling, and MEK/ERK pathway), leading to cell cycle arrest, chromatin remodeling, chromosome organization, and DNA hypermethylation of the cancer cells. The present review highlights ARID1A serving as a potent tumor suppressor and an important prognostic factor in CRC. ARID1A variations hint towards a promising tool for diagnostic tumor profiling and individualized therapeutic targets for CRC in the future.
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Kito Y, Kawashima K, Saigo C, Hasegawa M, Nomura S, Mikamo T, Hanamatsu Y, Matsuo Y, Takeuchi T. Thorahcic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumors with ganglioneuroma and enchondroma: implications for SLC7A11 and ARID1A expression: a case report. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:29. [PMID: 35151345 PMCID: PMC8840641 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4-deficient thoracic sarcoma (SMARCA4-DTS) is a rare disease that has recently been described as an entity. It is characterized by an aggressive clinical course and specific genetic alterations. As an immunohistological feature, the tumors are deficient in SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 and express sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2). Occasionally, there are cases that are less frequent and difficult to distinguish from SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma (SMARCA4-dNSCLC). Therefore, the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification describes thoracic SMARCA 4-deficient undifferentiated tumors (SMARCA4-UT). In contrast, Carney’s triad is a syndrome that combines three rare soft tissue tumors: gastric leiomyosarcoma, pulmonary chondroma, and extra-adrenal paraganglioma. Protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha (PRKAR1A) has been proposed as the causative gene. Both diseases are valuable cases; moreover, there have been no previous reports of their coexistence. Case presentation A 43-year-old man visited our hospital because of respiratory distress. Computed tomography revealed a large mass measuring 55 mm in the upper lobe of the right lung and front mediastinum, with metastases in the surrounding lymph nodes. Needle biopsy was performed for diagnosis, and histological examination of the samples revealed monotonous epithelioid-like cells with loose binding and sheet-form proliferation. The tumor cells had distinct nuclei with some rhabdoid-like cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells were positive for AE1AE3, SOX2, CD34, and p53 and negative for SMARCA4 and SMARCA2. The patient died 6 months after admission, without any treatment. Autopsy revealed ganglioneuroma and enchondroma suggestive of an incomplete Carney complex. Conclusion SMARCA4-UT is a rare and recently established disease. While it is difficult to diagnose, it is necessary to distinguish undifferentiated carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, and epithelioid sarcoma when diagnosing tumors involving the mediastinum. Moreover, cases of SMARCA4-UT with ganglioneuroma and enchondroma are very rare. We discuss and report a case of SMARCA4-UT in which we also examined ARID1A and SLC7A11expression.
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Sun D, Teng F, Xing P, Li J. ARID1A serves as a receivable biomarker for the resistance to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Med 2021; 27:138. [PMID: 34715776 PMCID: PMC8555283 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ARID1A is a key component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes which is important for the maintaining of biological processes of cells. Recent studies had uncovered the potential role of ARID1A alterations or expression loss in the therapeutic sensitivity of cancers, but the studies in this field requires to be further summarized and discussed. Therefore, we proposed a series of mechanisms related to the resistance to EGFR-TKIs induced by ARID1A alterations or expression loss and the potential therapeutic strategies to overcome the resistance based on published studies. It suggested that ARID1A alterations or expression loss might be the regulators in PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways which are strongly associated with the resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients harboring sensitive EGFR mutations. Besides, ARID1A alterations or expression loss could lead to the resistance to EGFR-TKIs via a variety of processes during the tumorigenesis and development of cancers, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis and the inhibition of apoptosis. Based on the potential mechanisms related to ARID1A, we summarized that the small molecular inhibitors targeting ARID1A or PI3K/Akt pathway, the anti-angiogenic therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors could be used for the supplementary treatment for EGFR-TKIs among NSCLC patients harboring the concomitant alterations of sensitive EGFR mutations and ARID1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Sun
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fei Teng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Puyuan Xing
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Junling Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Sun D, Zhu Y, Zhao H, Bian T, Li T, Liu K, Feng L, Li H, Hou H. Loss of ARID1A expression promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis and predicts a poor prognosis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1019-1034. [PMID: 34109546 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ARID1A is an essential subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes. ARID1A gene mutations and loss of ARID1A expression have been observed in a variety of cancers, and to be correlated with invasion, immune escape and synthetic lethality. As yet, however, the biological effect of ARID1A expression and its role in the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients have remained unclear. In this study we aimed to further elucidate the role of ARID1A expression in LUAD in vitro and in vivo and to assess its effect on the clinical prognosis of LUAD patients. METHODS ARID1A expression was detected by IHC in tissue samples from LUAD patients. After regular culturing of LUAD cell lines and constructing stable ARID1A knockdown lines, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to assess the role of ARID1A in cell migration and invasion. The effect of ARID1A knockdown on metastasis was verified in vivo. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of target proteins. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess survival and to provide variables for nomogram construction. In addition, we used the "rms" package to construct a prognostic nomogram based on a Cox regression model. RESULTS We found that ARID1A expression serves as an effective prognostic marker for LUAD patients. Loss of ARID1A expression correlated with a poor prognosis, as verified with a nomogram based on a Cox regression model. In addition, we found that ARID1A knockdown promoted LUAD cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and enhanced LUAD metastasis in vivo by activating the Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that loss of ARID1A expression promotes LUAD metastasis and predicts a poor prognosis in LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Sun
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Shandong, 266000, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Municipal Hospital of Qingdao, 266000, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, Qingdao, China
| | - Tiantian Bian
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 266100, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianjun Li
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Shandong, 266000, Qingdao, China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Shandong, 266000, Qingdao, China
| | - Lizong Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, 266041, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Helei Hou
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Shandong, 266000, Qingdao, China.
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Yi R, Lin A, Cao M, Xu A, Luo P, Zhang J. ATM Mutations Benefit Bladder Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors by Acting on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Genet 2020; 11:933. [PMID: 32922441 PMCID: PMC7456912 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising results in bladder cancer (BC). However, only some patients respond to ICIs. DNA repair defects (DDR) play an important role in the therapeutic response of bladder cancer. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the association between ICIs in bladder cancer and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a core component of the DNA repair system. From a collected immunotherapy cohort (n = 210) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-Bladder cancer cohort, which were both retrieved from publicly available resources, we performed a series of analyses to evaluate the prognostic value and potential mechanism of ATM in bladder cancer immunotherapy. We found that ATM-mutant (ATM-MT) bladder cancer patients derived greater benefit from ICIs [overall survival (OS), hazard ratio (HR) = 0.28, [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16 to 0.51], P = 0.007] and showed a higher mutation load (P < 0.05) and immunogenicity (P < 0.05) than ATM-wild-type (ATM-WT) patients. The immune inflammatory response to antigenic stimulation, the regulation of the IFN pathway and the macrophage activation pathway were significantly enriched in the ATM-MT group (NES > 1, P < 0.05), while insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathways and vasculogenesis were significantly downregulated (NES < −1, P < 0.05). ATM mutation significantly upregulated the number of DNA damage repair pathway gene mutations (P < 0.05). ATM mutations resulted in increased bladder cancer sensitivity to 29 drugs (P < 0.05), including cisplatin and BMS-536924, an IGF-1R inhibitor. Our results demonstrate the importance of ATM as a prognostic signature in bladder cancer and reveal that ATM may impact the effects of ICIs by acting on the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Yi
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manming Cao
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu B, Lin JZ, Yang XB, Sang XT. The roles of mutated SWI/SNF complexes in the initiation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its regulatory effect on the immune system: A review. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12791. [PMID: 32162380 PMCID: PMC7162795 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy with a high global prevalence and a dismal prognosis. Studies are urgently needed to examine the molecular pathogenesis and biological characteristics of HCC. Chromatin remodelling, an integral component of the DNA damage response, protects against DNA damage‐induced genome instability and tumorigenesis by triggering the signalling events that activate the interconnected DNA repair pathways. The SWI/SNF complexes are one of the most extensively investigated adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin remodelling complexes, and mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF subunits are frequently observed in various human cancers, including HCC. The mutated SWI/SNF complex subunits exert dual functions by accelerating or inhibiting HCC initiation and progression. Furthermore, the abnormal SWI/SNF complexes influence the transcription of interferon‐stimulated genes, as well as the differentiation, activation and recruitment of several immune cell types. In addition, they exhibit synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of diverse tumour types. Therefore, understanding the mutations and deficiencies of the SMI/SNF complexes, together with the associated functional mechanisms, may provide a novel strategy to treat HCC through targeting the related genes or modulating the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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