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Vlajnic T, Chijioke O, Roma L, Savic Prince S, Zellweger T, Rentsch CA, Bubendorf L. Loss of MTAP expression by immunohistochemistry is a surrogate marker for homozygous 9p21.3 deletion in urothelial carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2024:100495. [PMID: 38641323 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Homozygous deletion of the chromosomal region 9p21.3 is common in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and leads to loss of several genes, including CDKN2A and MTAP, resulting in loss of MTAP protein expression. Here, we aimed at exploring the diagnostic potential of MTAP immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a surrogate marker for homozygous 9p21.3 deletion (9p21 HD) in UC. MTAP status was determined by IHC on 27 UC tissue specimens with known 9p21.3 status as defined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in matched cytological specimens, by IHC and FISH on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 359 UC at different stages, and by IHC on 729 consecutive UC from routine practice. Moreover, we analyzed a longitudinal series of matched specimens from 38 patients with MTAP negative recurrent UC. MTAP loss by IHC was found in all 17 patients with 9p21 HD and in 2/8 cases without 9p21 HD. In the TMA, MTAP loss was more common in metastases (53%) than in muscle-invasive (33%) and non-muscle-invasive UC (29%) (p=0.03). In the consecutive series, 164/729 (22%) cases showed loss of MTAP expression. In 41 of these 164 cases (25%), loss of MTAP expression was heterogenous. We also discovered loss of MTAP expression in flat urothelium adjacent to MTAP negative low-grade UC, suggesting true flat low-grade neoplasia that could not be diagnosed by morphology alone. Longitudinal analysis of recurrences showed persistent negative MTAP status over time in 37/38 (97%) patients. MTAP IHC can serve as a surrogate marker for 9p21 HD in UC and as a diagnostic tool to differentiate reactive urothelium from urothelial neoplasia. It also provides a unique opportunity to study clinicopathological associations and the heterogeneity of 9p21 HD across the whole spectrum of UC manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Roma
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Spasenija Savic Prince
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Cyrill A Rentsch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Märkl F, Schultheiß C, Ali M, Chen SS, Zintchenko M, Egli L, Mietz J, Chijioke O, Paschold L, Spajic S, Holtermann A, Dörr J, Stock S, Zingg A, Läubli H, Piseddu I, Anz D, Minden MDV, Zhang T, Nerreter T, Hudecek M, Minguet S, Chiorazzi N, Kobold S, Binder M. Mutation-specific CAR T cells as precision therapy for IGLV3-21 R110 expressing high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:993. [PMID: 38307904 PMCID: PMC10837166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of precision cell therapy targeting tumor-specific mutations is appealing but requires surface-exposed neoepitopes, which is a rarity in cancer. B cell receptors (BCR) of mature lymphoid malignancies are exceptional in that they harbor tumor-specific-stereotyped sequences in the form of point mutations that drive self-engagement of the BCR and autologous signaling. Here, we use a BCR light chain neoepitope defined by a characteristic point mutation (IGLV3-21R110) for selective targeting of a poor-risk subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. We develop murine and humanized CAR constructs expressed in T cells from healthy donors and CLL patients that eradicate IGLV3-21R110 expressing cell lines and primary CLL cells, but neither cells expressing the non-pathogenic IGLV3-21G110 light chain nor polyclonal healthy B cells. In vivo experiments confirm epitope-selective cytolysis in xenograft models in female mice using engrafted IGLV3-21R110 expressing cell lines or primary CLL cells. We further demonstrate in two humanized mouse models lack of cytotoxicity towards human B cells. These data provide the basis for advanced approaches of resistance-preventive and biomarker-guided cellular targeting of functionally relevant lymphoma driver mutations sparing normal B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Märkl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Murtaza Ali
- Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Shih-Shih Chen
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Lukas Egli
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Mietz
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Paschold
- Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sebastijan Spajic
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Holtermann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Janina Dörr
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stock
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Zingg
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ignazio Piseddu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - David Anz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Nerreter
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susana Minguet
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Mascha Binder
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Kaulfuss M, Mietz J, Fabri A, Vom Berg J, Münz C, Chijioke O. The NK cell checkpoint NKG2A maintains expansion capacity of human NK cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10555. [PMID: 37386090 PMCID: PMC10310841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic effector cells that are increasingly harnessed in cancer immunotherapy. NKG2A/CD94 is an inhibitory receptor on NK cells that has established regulatory functions in the direct interaction with target cells when engaged with its ligand, the non-classical HLA class I molecule HLA-E. Here, we confirmed NKG2A as a checkpoint molecule in primary human NK cells and identified a novel role for NKG2A in maintaining NK cell expansion capacity by dampening both proliferative activity and excessive activation-induced cell death. Maintenance of NK cell expansion capacity might contribute to the preferential accumulation of human NKG2A+ NK cells after hematopoietic cell transplantation and enrichment of functionally impaired NK cells in human cancers. Functional silencing of NKG2A for cancer immunotherapy is highly attractive but will need to consider that this might also lead to a reduced survival by driving activation-induced cell death in targeted NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kaulfuss
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Mietz
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Fabri
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Freitag PC, Kaulfuss M, Flühler L, Mietz J, Weiss F, Brücher D, Kolibius J, Hartmann KP, Smith SN, Münz C, Chijioke O, Plückthun A. Targeted adenovirus-mediated transduction of human T cells in vitro and in vivo. Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development 2023; 29:120-132. [PMID: 37007608 PMCID: PMC10064345 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Clinical success in T cell therapy has stimulated widespread efforts to increase safety and potency and to extend this technology to solid tumors. Yet progress in cell therapy remains restricted by the limited payload capacity, specificity of target cell transduction, and transgenic gene expression efficiency of applied viral vectors. This renders complex reprogramming or direct in vivo applications difficult. Here, we developed a synergistic combination of trimeric adapter constructs enabling T cell-directed transduction by the human adenoviral vector serotype C5 in vitro and in vivo. Rationally chosen binding partners showed receptor-specific transduction of otherwise non-susceptible human T cells by exploiting activation stimuli. This platform remains compatible with high-capacity vectors for up to 37 kb DNA delivery, increasing payload capacity and safety because of the removal of all viral genes. Together, these findings provide a tool for targeted delivery of large payloads in T cells as a potential avenue to overcome current limitations of T cell therapy.
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Abstract
In the evaluation of thyroid nodules, cytopathology of thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens plays a central role. Established classification schemes should be used. In the case of indeterminate cytology, additional molecular tests may be used. However, the stratification of indeterminate thyroid nodules into malignant and benign lesions based on molecular tests alone, apart from costly commercial assays from US vendors, has so far been clearly limited. Molecular testing of single genetic alterations that can confirm malignancy in papillary, poorly differentiated, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas is helpful and relatively easy to perform. However, negative test results by no means exclude malignant neoplasia. Predictive markers for single entities (BRAF V600E, RET mutations and RET fusions) should be tested in all advanced thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chijioke
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstraße 40, 4031, Basel, Schweiz.
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6
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Cevhertas L, Ma S, Stanic B, Ochsner U, Jansen K, Ferstl R, Frei R, Chijioke O, Münz C, Zhang L, O’Mahony L, Akdis M, Veen W. IL-10 induces IgG4 production in NOD-scid Il2rγ null mice humanized by engraftment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Allergy 2021; 76:3525-3529. [PMID: 34324719 PMCID: PMC9291614 DOI: 10.1111/all.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Medical Immunology Institute of Health SciencesBursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Barbara Stanic
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Urs Ochsner
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Ruth Ferstl
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE Davos Switzerland
| | - Remo Frei
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE Davos Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Cellular Immunotherapy Institute of Experimental Immunology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology Institute of Experimental Immunology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery and department of Allergy Beijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Liam O’Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Willem Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
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7
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH; also referred to as pyogenic granuloma) is a common benign vascular tumor that is characterized by proliferation of capillaries with a lobular architecture. Lobular capillary hemangioma can involve superficial cutaneous, mucosal, or subcutaneous structures; the subcutaneous and intravascular variant is very rare. METHODS A 26-year-old female patient presented with a small infraorbital mass that was slowly growing within the last 6 months. She reported no pain but an uncomfortable feeling of pressure in this area. Six months before symptom onset, the patient had undergone a closed rhinoplasty with osteotomies without any reported complication. RESULTS An excisional biopsy was performed via a transconjunctival approach, and the histopathological findings were characteristic for a subcutaneous intravascular LCH. At the 3-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with no evidence of a recurrent lesion. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of a subcutaneous intravascular LCH after rhinoplasty. We would like to draw the attention of stakeholders to this rare condition and raise awareness among clinicians to what seems to be a late finding after rhinosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Kaiser
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery
| | | | | | - Martin Takes
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Haug
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery
| | - Konrad Mende
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery
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8
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Matter MS, Chijioke O, Savic S, Bubendorf L. Narrative review of molecular pathways of kinase fusions and diagnostic approaches for their detection in non-small cell lung carcinomas. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2645-2655. [PMID: 33489824 PMCID: PMC7815372 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of actionable oncogenic driver alterations has significantly improved treatment options for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), approved drugs or drugs in clinical development can target more than half of these altered oncogenic driver genes. In particular, several gene fusions have been discovered in LUAD, including ALK, ROS1, NTRK, RET, NRG1 and FGFR. All these fusions involve tyrosine kinases (TK), which are activated due to structural rearrangements on the DNA level. Although the overall prevalence of these fusions in LUAD is rare, their detection is extremely important, as they are linked to an excellent response to TK inhibitors. Therefore, reliable screening methods applicable to small tumor samples (biopsies and cytology specimens) are required in the diagnostic workup of advanced NSCLC. Several methods are at disposal in a routine laboratory to demonstrate, directly or indirectly, the presence of a gene fusion. These methods include immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), multiplex digital color-coded barcode technology or next-generation sequencing (NGS) either on DNA or RNA level. In our review, we will summarize the increasing number of relevant fusion genes in NSCLC, point out their underlining molecular mechanisms and discuss different methods for the detection of fusion genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S Matter
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Spasenija Savic
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Alborelli I, Bratic Hench I, Chijioke O, Prince SS, Bubendorf L, Leuenberger LP, Tolnay M, Leonards K, Quagliata L, Jermann P, Matter MS. Robust assessment of tumor mutational burden in cytological specimens from lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2020; 149:84-89. [PMID: 32980613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has emerged as a promising predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. While the feasibility of TMB analysis on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples has been thoroughly evaluated, only limited analyses have been performed on cytological samples, and no dedicated study has investigated concordance of TMB between different sample types. Here, we assessed TMB on matched histological and cytological samples from lung cancer patients and evaluated the accuracy of TMB estimation in these sample types. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed mutations and resulting TMB in FFPE samples and matched ethanol-fixed cytological smears (n = 12 matched pairs) by using a targeted next-generation sequencing assay (Oncomine™ Tumor Mutational Load). Two different variant allele frequency (VAF) thresholds were used to estimate TMB (VAF = 5% or 10%). RESULTS At 5% VAF threshold, 73% (107/147) of mutations were concordantly detected in matched histological and cytological samples. Discordant variants were mainly unique to FFPE samples (34/40 discordant variants) and mostly C:G > T:A transitions with low allelic frequency, likely indicating formalin fixation artifacts. Increasing the VAF threshold to 10% clearly increased the number of concordantly detected mutations in matched histological and cytological samples to 96% (100/106 mutations), and drastically reduced the number of FFPE-only mutations (from 34 to 4 mutations). In contrast, cytological samples showed consistent mutation count and TMB values at both VAF thresholds. Using FFPE samples, 2 out of 12 patients were classified as TMB-high at VAF cutoff of 5% but TMB-low at 10%, whereas cytological specimens allowed consistent patient classification independently from VAF cutoff. CONCLUSION Our results show that cytological smears provide more consistent TMB values due to high DNA quality and lack of formalin-fixation induced artifacts. Therefore, cytological samples should be the preferred sample type for robust TMB estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Alborelli
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ivana Bratic Hench
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Spasenija Savic Prince
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura P Leuenberger
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Tolnay
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Leonards
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Philip Jermann
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias S Matter
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
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10
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McHugh D, Myburgh R, Caduff N, Spohn M, Kok YL, Keller CW, Murer A, Chatterjee B, Rühl J, Engelmann C, Chijioke O, Quast I, Shilaih M, Strouvelle VP, Neumann K, Menter T, Dirnhofer S, Lam JK, Hui KF, Bredl S, Schlaepfer E, Sorce S, Zbinden A, Capaul R, Lünemann JD, Aguzzi A, Chiang AK, Kempf W, Trkola A, Metzner KJ, Manz MG, Grundhoff A, Speck RF, Münz C. EBV renders B cells susceptible to HIV-1 in humanized mice. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/8/e202000640. [PMID: 32576602 PMCID: PMC7335381 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV and EBV are human pathogens that cause a considerable burden to worldwide health. In combination, these viruses are linked to AIDS-associated lymphomas. We found that EBV, which transforms B cells, renders them susceptible to HIV-1 infection in a CXCR4 and CD4-dependent manner in vitro and that CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 integrates into the genome of these B cells with the same molecular profile as in autologous CD4+ T cells. In addition, we established a humanized mouse model to investigate the in vivo interactions of EBV and HIV-1 upon coinfection. The respective mice that reconstitute human immune system components upon transplantation with CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells could recapitulate aspects of EBV and HIV immunobiology observed in dual-infected patients. Upon coinfection of humanized mice, EBV/HIV dual-infected B cells could be detected, but were susceptible to CD8+ T-cell-mediated immune control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal McHugh
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renier Myburgh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Caduff
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Spohn
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yik Lim Kok
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian W Keller
- Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Murer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bithi Chatterjee
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Rühl
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Engelmann
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isaak Quast
- Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mohaned Shilaih
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victoria P Strouvelle
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Neumann
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Menter
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janice Kp Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwai F Hui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Bredl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erika Schlaepfer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Sorce
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Zbinden
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccarda Capaul
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Ks Chiang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik AG, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karin J Metzner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberto F Speck
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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McHugh D, Caduff N, Murer A, Engelmann C, Deng Y, Zdimerova H, Zens K, Chijioke O, Münz C. Infection and immune control of human oncogenic γ-herpesviruses in humanized mice. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180296. [PMID: 30955487 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) comprise the oncogenic human γ-herpesvirus family and are responsible for 2-3% of all tumours in man. With their prominent growth-transforming abilities and high prevalence in the human population, these pathogens have probably shaped the human immune system throughout evolution for near perfect immune control of the respective chronic infections in the vast majority of healthy pathogen carriers. The exclusive tropism of EBV and KSHV for humans has, however, made it difficult in the past to study their infection, tumourigenesis and immune control in vivo. Mice with reconstituted human immune system components (humanized mice) support replication of both viruses with both persisting latent and productive lytic infection. Moreover, B-cell lymphomas can be induced by EBV alone and KSHV co-infection with gene expression hallmarks of human malignancies that are associated with both viruses. Furthermore, cell-mediated immune control by primarily cytotoxic lymphocytes is induced upon infection and can be probed for its functional characteristics as well as putative requirements for its priming. Insights that have been gained from this model and remaining questions will be discussed in this review. This article is part of the theme issue 'Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal McHugh
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Nicole Caduff
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Anita Murer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Christine Engelmann
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Yun Deng
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Hana Zdimerova
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Kyra Zens
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Switzerland
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12
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Murer A, McHugh D, Caduff N, Kalchschmidt J, Barros M, Zbinden A, Capaul R, Niedobitek G, Allday M, Chijioke O, Münz C. EBV persistence without its EBNA3A and 3C oncogenes in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007039. [PMID: 29709016 PMCID: PMC5945050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infects the majority of the human population and usually persists within its host for life without symptoms. The EBV oncoproteins nuclear antigen 3A (EBNA3A) and 3C (EBNA3C) are required for B cell transformation in vitro and are expressed in EBV associated immunoblastic lymphomas in vivo. In order to address the necessity of EBNA3A and EBNA3C for persistent EBV infection in vivo, we infected NOD-scid γcnull mice with reconstituted human immune system components (huNSG mice) with recombinant EBV mutants devoid of EBNA3A or EBNA3C expression. These EBV mutants established latent infection in secondary lymphoid organs of infected huNSG mice for at least 3 months, but did not cause tumor formation. Low level viral persistence in the absence of EBNA3A or EBNA3C seemed to be supported primarily by proliferation with the expression of early latent EBV gene products transitioning into absent viral protein expression without elevated lytic replication. In vitro, EBNA3A and EBNA3C deficient EBV infected B cells could be rescued from apoptosis through CD40 stimulation, mimicking T cell help in secondary lymphoid tissues. Thus, even in the absence of the oncogenes EBNA3A and 3C, EBV can access a latent gene expression pattern that is reminiscent of EBV persistence in healthy virus carriers without prior expression of its whole growth transforming program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Murer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Donal McHugh
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Caduff
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kalchschmidt
- Genomics and Immunity, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mario Barros
- Institute of Pathology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Zbinden
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccarda Capaul
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Allday
- Molecular Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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13
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are potent innate cytotoxic lymphocytes for the destruction of infected and transformed cells. Although they were originally considered to be ready-made assassins after their hematopoietic development, it has recently become clear that their activity is regulated by mechanisms such as repertoire composition, licensing, priming, and adaptive memory-like differentiation. Some of these mechanisms are influenced by infectious disease agents, including herpesviruses. In this review, we will compare expansion, stimulation, and effector functions of NK cell populations after infections with β- and γ 1-herpesviruses because, though closely related, these pathogens seem to drive completely opposite NK cell responses. The discussed findings suggest that different NK cell subsets expand and perform protective functions during infectious diseases and might be used diagnostically to predict resistance to the causative pathogens as well as treat them by adoptive transfer of the respective populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Chatterjee B, Sahli L, Chijioke O, Went P, Münz C, Trojan A. An immunocompetent patient with a recurrence-free Epstein-Barr virus positive plasmacytoma possesses robust Epstein-Barr virus specific T-cell responses. Haematologica 2017; 102:e419-e422. [PMID: 28705903 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.172791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bithi Chatterjee
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Sahli
- OnkoZentrum Zürich, University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Went
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Trojan
- OnkoZentrum Zürich, University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Ferreira-Teixeira M, Paiva-Oliveira D, Parada B, Alves V, Sousa V, Chijioke O, Münz C, Reis F, Rodrigues-Santos P, Gomes C. Natural killer cell-based adoptive immunotherapy eradicates and drives differentiation of chemoresistant bladder cancer stem-like cells. BMC Med 2016; 14:163. [PMID: 27769244 PMCID: PMC5075212 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a high risk of recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive forms, which seems to be largely related to the presence of tumorigenic stem-like cell populations that are refractory to conventional therapies. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Natural Killer (NK) cell-based adoptive immunotherapy against chemoresistant bladder cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in a pre-clinical relevant model, using NK cells from healthy donors and NMIBC patients. METHODS Cytokine-activated NK cells from healthy donors and from high-grade NMIBC patients were phenotypically characterized and assayed in vitro against stem-like and bulk differentiated bladder cancer cells. Stem-like cells were isolated from two bladder cancer cell lines using the sphere-forming assay. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in mice bearing a CSC-induced orthotopic bladder cancer. Animals were treated by intravesical instillation of interleukin-activated NK cells. Tumor response was evaluated longitudinally by non-invasive bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS NK cells from healthy donors upon activation with IL-2 and IL-15 kills indiscriminately both stem-like and differentiated tumor cells via stress ligand recognition. In addition to cell killing, NK cells shifted CSCs towards a more differentiated phenotype, rendering them more susceptible to cisplatin, highlighting the benefits of a possible combined therapy. On the contrary, NK cells from NMIBC patients displayed a low density on NK cytotoxicity receptors, adhesion molecules and a more immature phenotype, losing their ability to kill and drive differentiation of CSCs. The local administration, via the transurethral route, of activated NK cells from healthy donors provides an efficient tumor infiltration and a subsequent robust tumoricidal activity against bladder cancer with high selective cytolytic activity against CSCs, leading to a dramatic reduction in tumor burden from 80 % to complete remission. CONCLUSION Although pre-clinical, our results strongly suggest that an immunotherapeutic strategy using allogeneic activated NK cells from healthy donors is effective and should be exploited as a complementary therapeutic strategy in high-risk NMIBC patients to prevent tumor recurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Ferreira-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Paiva-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Belmiro Parada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Urology and Renal Transplantation Department, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vera Alves
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vitor Sousa
- Service of Anatomical Pathology, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Flávio Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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16
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Landtwing V, Raykova A, Pezzino G, Béziat V, Marcenaro E, Graf C, Moretta A, Capaul R, Zbinden A, Ferlazzo G, Malmberg KJ, Chijioke O, Münz C. Cognate HLA absence in trans diminishes human NK cell education. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3772-3782. [PMID: 27571408 DOI: 10.1172/jci86923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphocytes with protective functions against viral infections and tumor formation. Human NK cells carry inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which recognize distinct HLAs. NK cells with KIRs for self-HLA molecules acquire superior cytotoxicity against HLA- tumor cells during education for improved missing-self recognition. Here, we reconstituted mice with human hematopoietic cells from donors with homozygous KIR ligands or with a mix of hematopoietic cells from these homozygous donors, allowing assessment of the resulting KIR repertoire and NK cell education. We found that co-reconstitution with 2 KIR ligand-mismatched compartments did not alter the frequency of KIR-expressing NK cells. However, NK cell education was diminished in mice reconstituted with parallel HLA compartments due to a lack of cognate HLA molecules on leukocytes for the corresponding KIRs. This change in NK cell education in mixed human donor-reconstituted mice improved NK cell-mediated immune control of EBV infection, indicating that mixed hematopoietic cell populations could be exploited to improve NK cell reactivity against leukotropic pathogens. Taken together, these findings indicate that leukocytes lacking cognate HLA ligands can disarm KIR+ NK cells in a manner that may decrease HLA- tumor cell recognition but allows for improved NK cell-mediated immune control of a human γ-herpesvirus.
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17
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Abstract
The herpesvirus Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was discovered as the first human candidate tumor virus in Burkitt’s lymphoma more than 50 years ago. Despite its strong growth transforming capacity, more than 90% of the human adult population carries this virus asymptomatically under near perfect immune control. The mode of primary EBV infection is in part responsible for EBV-associated diseases, including Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It is, therefore, important to understand which circumstances lead to symptomatic primary EBV infection, called infectious mononucleosis (IM). Innate immune control of lytic viral replication by early-differentiated natural killer (NK) cells was found to attenuate IM symptoms and continuous loss of the respective NK cell subset during the first decade of life might predispose for IM during adolescence. In this review, we discuss the evidence that NK cells are involved in the immune control of EBV, mechanisms by which they might detect and control lytic EBV replication, and compare NK cell subpopulations that expand during different human herpesvirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Chijioke
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Landtwing
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
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18
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Chijioke O, Bawohl M, Springer E, Weber A. Hepatitis e virus detection in liver tissue from patients with suspected drug-induced liver injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:20. [PMID: 25870858 PMCID: PMC4378310 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is increasingly recognized as a cause of acute hepatitis in the industrialized world. We aimed to determine the frequency of acute HEV infection in cases of suspected drug-induced liver injury (DILI), mainly a diagnosis of exclusion. To this aim, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver tissues of all cases routinely processed in our institute during a 2 1/2 years period in which DILI was among the differential diagnoses (157 liver biopsies, 1 liver explant) were subjected to semi-nested RT-PCR for the detection of HEV RNA. Histopathology was re-evaluated on all cases tested positive. HEV RNA was detectable in 3 of 158 cases (2%) tested, comprising autochthonic as well as travel-related infections with genotypes 1, 3, and 4 each found once, respectively. Histopathologic findings comprised one case with subtotal hepatic necrosis and two cases of acute (cholestatic) hepatitis not distinguishable from acute hepatitis of other etiology. Thus, the overall frequency of acute HEV infection as determined by detection of HEV RNA in liver tissue is substantially increased in patients with suspected DILI compared to the healthy population, emphasizing the need to actively look for HEV infection in cases of suspected DILI. Molecular testing for HEV RNA in routinely processed FFPE liver tissues can be applied to cases with undetermined HEV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Chijioke
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Marion Bawohl
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Erik Springer
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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19
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Chijioke O, Marcenaro E, Moretta A, Capaul R, Münz C. Role of the 2B4 Receptor in CD8+T-Cell-Dependent Immune Control of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Mice With Reconstituted Human Immune System Components. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:803-7. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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20
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Antsiferova O, Müller A, Rämer PC, Chijioke O, Chatterjee B, Raykova A, Planas R, Sospedra M, Shumilov A, Tsai MH, Delecluse HJ, Münz C. Adoptive transfer of EBV specific CD8+ T cell clones can transiently control EBV infection in humanized mice. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004333. [PMID: 25165855 PMCID: PMC4148450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection expands CD8+ T cells specific for lytic antigens to high frequencies during symptomatic primary infection, and maintains these at significant numbers during persistence. Despite this, the protective function of these lytic EBV antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that lytic EBV replication does not significantly contribute to virus-induced B cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model with reconstituted human immune system components (huNSG mice). However, we report a trend to reduction of EBV-induced lymphoproliferation outside of lymphoid organs upon diminished lytic replication. Moreover, we could demonstrate that CD8+ T cells against the lytic EBV antigen BMLF1 can eliminate lytically replicating EBV-transformed B cells from lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and in vivo, thereby transiently controlling high viremia after adoptive transfer into EBV infected huNSG mice. These findings suggest a protective function for lytic EBV antigen-specific CD8+ T cells against EBV infection and against virus-associated tumors in extra-lymphoid organs. These specificities should be explored for EBV-specific vaccine development. Epstein Barr virus persistently infects more than 90% of the human adult population. While fortunately carried as an asymptomatic chronic infection in most individuals, it causes B cell lymphomas and carcinomas in some patients. Symptomatic primary EBV infection, called infectious mononucleosis, predisposes for some of these malignancies and is characterized by massive expansions of cytotoxic T cells, which are mostly directed against lytic EBV antigens that are expressed during virus particle production. Therefore, we investigated the protective role of lytic EBV antigen specific T cells during EBV infection and the contribution of lytic EBV infection to virus-associated tumor formation. We found that lytic EBV antigen specific T cells kill B cells with lytic virus replication and might thereby transiently control EBV infection in mice with human immune system components. Furthermore, we observed that EBV associated B cell tumors outside secondary lymphoid organs may require lytic replication for efficient formation. Thus, we suggest that lytic EBV antigens should be explored for vaccination against symptomatic EBV infection and EBV associated extra-lymphoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Antsiferova
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C. Rämer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bithi Chatterjee
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Raykova
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Planas
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mireia Sospedra
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anatoliy Shumilov
- Division of Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Division of Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henri-Jacques Delecluse
- Division of Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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21
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Jandus C, Boligan KF, Chijioke O, Liu H, Dahlhaus M, Démoulins T, Schneider C, Wehrli M, Hunger RE, Baerlocher GM, Simon HU, Romero P, Münz C, von Gunten S. Interactions between Siglec-7/9 receptors and ligands influence NK cell-dependent tumor immunosurveillance. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1810-20. [PMID: 24569453 DOI: 10.1172/jci65899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the surface glycosylation pattern on malignant cells potentially affects tumor immunity by directly influencing interactions with glycan-binding proteins (lectins) on the surface of immunomodulatory cells. The sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins Siglec-7 and -9 are MHC class I-independent inhibitory receptors on human NK cells that recognize sialic acid-containing carbohydrates. Here, we found that the presence of Siglec-9 defined a subset of cytotoxic NK cells with a mature phenotype and enhanced chemotactic potential. Interestingly, this Siglec-9+ NK cell population was reduced in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. Broad analysis of primary tumor samples revealed that ligands of Siglec-7 and -9 were expressed on human cancer cells of different histological types. Expression of Siglec-7 and -9 ligands was associated with susceptibility of NK cell-sensitive tumor cells and, unexpectedly, of presumably NK cell-resistant tumor cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Together, these observations have direct implications for NK cell-based therapies and highlight the requirement to consider both MHC class I haplotype and tumor-specific glycosylation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Glycosylation
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- K562 Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/classification
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins/metabolism
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Monitoring, Immunologic
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins/metabolism
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22
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Chijioke O, Müller A, Feederle R, Barros MHM, Krieg C, Emmel V, Marcenaro E, Leung CS, Antsiferova O, Landtwing V, Bossart W, Moretta A, Hassan R, Boyman O, Niedobitek G, Delecluse HJ, Capaul R, Münz C. Human natural killer cells prevent infectious mononucleosis features by targeting lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1489-98. [PMID: 24360958 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary infection with the human oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can result in infectious mononucleosis (IM), a self-limiting disease caused by massive lymphocyte expansion that predisposes for the development of distinct EBV-associated lymphomas. Why some individuals experience this symptomatic primary EBV infection, whereas the majority acquires the virus asymptomatically, remains unclear. Using a mouse model with reconstituted human immune system components, we show that depletion of human natural killer (NK) cells enhances IM symptoms and promotes EBV-associated tumorigenesis mainly because of a loss of immune control over lytic EBV infection. These data suggest that failure of innate immune control by human NK cells augments symptomatic lytic EBV infection, which drives lymphocyte expansion and predisposes for EBV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Chijioke
- Department of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Department of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carsten Krieg
- Laboratory of Applied Immunobiology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Emmel
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCA), 20231-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16147 Genova, Italy; Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Carol S Leung
- Department of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olga Antsiferova
- Department of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Landtwing
- Department of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Bossart
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16147 Genova, Italy; Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Rocio Hassan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCA), 20231-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Onur Boyman
- Laboratory of Applied Immunobiology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Niedobitek
- Institute for Pathology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Riccarda Capaul
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Department of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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23
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Chijioke O, Münz C. Dendritic cell derived cytokines in human natural killer cell differentiation and activation. Front Immunol 2013; 4:365. [PMID: 24273539 PMCID: PMC3822368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells shape each other’s functions early during immune responses. DCs activate NK cells and NK cells can mature or kill DCs. In this review we will discuss which DC and NK cell subsets are mainly affected by this interaction, where these encounters might take place and which signals are exchanged. Finally, we will point out what the clinical benefit of understanding this interaction might be and how it changed our view on NK cells as innate lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Chijioke
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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24
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Jandus C, Boligan KF, Chijioke O, Liu H, Dahlhaus M, Démoulins T, Schneider C, Wehrli M, Hunger RE, Baerlocher GM, Simon HU, Romero P, Münz C, von Gunten S. Siglec-7/-9 ligands shield tumor cells from NK cell attack. J Immunother Cancer 2013. [PMCID: PMC3991059 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-s1-p157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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25
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Leung C, Chijioke O, Gujer C, Chatterjee B, Antsiferova O, Landtwing V, McHugh D, Raykova A, Münz C. Infectious diseases in humanized mice. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2246-54. [PMID: 23913412 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite many theoretical incompatibilities between mouse and human cells, mice with reconstituted human immune system components contain nearly all human leukocyte populations. Accordingly, several human-tropic pathogens have been investigated in these in vivo models of the human immune system, including viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as well as bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella enterica Typhi. While these studies initially aimed to establish similarities in the pathogenesis of infections between these models and the pathobiology in patients, recent investigations have provided new and interesting functional insights into the protective value of certain immune compartments and altered pathology upon mutant pathogen infections. As more tools and methodologies are developed to make these models more versatile to study human immune responses in vivo, such improvements build toward small animal models with human immune components, which could predict immune responses to therapies and vaccination in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Leung
- Department of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Abstract
EBV persists life-long in >95% of the human adult population. Whereas it is perfectly immune-controlled in most infected individuals, a minority develops EBV-associated diseases, primarily malignancies of B cell and epithelial cell origin. In recent years, it has become apparent that the course of primary infection determines part of the risk to develop EBV-associated diseases. Particularly, the primary symptomatic EBV infection or IM, which is caused by exaggerated T cell responses, resulting in EBV-induced lymphocytosis, predisposes for EBV-associated diseases. The role of innate immunity in the development of IM remains unknown. Therefore, it is important to understand how the innate immune response to this virus differs between symptomatic and asymptomatic primary EBV infection. Furthermore, the efficiency of innate immune compartments might determine the outcome of primary infection and could explain why some individuals are susceptible to IM. We will discuss these aspects in this review with a focus on intrinsic immunity in EBV-infected B cells, as well as innate immune responses by DCs and NK cells, which constitute promising immune compartments for the understanding of early immune control against EBV and potential targets for EBV-specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Chijioke
- 1.University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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27
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Aebischer T, Walduck A, Schroeder J, Wehrens A, Chijioke O, Schreiber S, Meyer TF. A vaccine against Helicobacter pylori: towards understanding the mechanism of protection. Int J Med Microbiol 2007; 298:161-8. [PMID: 17702653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection remains a significant global public health problem. Vaccine development against this infection appears to be feasible but has not yet delivered its promise in clinical trials. Efforts to improve current vaccination strategies would greatly benefit from a better molecular understanding of the mechanism of protection. Here, we review recent developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Aebischer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charité Platz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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