1
|
Deryckere A, Woych J, Jaeger ECB, Tosches MA. Molecular Diversity of Neuron Types in the Salamander Amygdala and Implications for Amygdalar Evolution. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2022; 98:61-75. [PMID: 36574764 PMCID: PMC10096051 DOI: 10.1159/000527899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala is a complex brain structure in the vertebrate telencephalon, essential for regulating social behaviors, emotions, and (social) cognition. In contrast to the vast majority of neuron types described in the many nuclei of the mammalian amygdala, little is known about the neuronal diversity in non-mammals, making reconstruction of its evolution particularly difficult. Here, we characterize glutamatergic neuron types in the amygdala of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. Our single-cell RNA sequencing data indicate the existence of at least ten distinct types and subtypes of glutamatergic neurons in the salamander amygdala. These neuron types are molecularly distinct from neurons in the ventral pallium (VP), suggesting that the pallial amygdala and the VP are two separate areas in the telencephalon. In situ hybridization for marker genes indicates that amygdalar glutamatergic neuron types are located in three major subdivisions: the lateral amygdala, the medial amygdala, and a newly defined area demarcated by high expression of the transcription factor Sim1. The gene expression profiles of these neuron types suggest similarities with specific neurons in the sauropsid and mammalian amygdala. In particular, we identify Sim1+ and Sim1+ Otp+ expressing neuron types, potentially homologous to the mammalian nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) and to hypothalamic-derived neurons of the medial amygdala, respectively. Taken together, our results reveal a surprising diversity of glutamatergic neuron types in the amygdala of salamanders, despite the anatomical simplicity of their brain. These results offer new insights on the cellular and anatomical complexity of the amygdala in tetrapod ancestors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Deryckere
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University; New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jamie Woych
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University; New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eliza C. B. Jaeger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University; New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Woych J, Ortega Gurrola A, Deryckere A, Jaeger ECB, Gumnit E, Merello G, Gu J, Joven Araus A, Leigh ND, Yun M, Simon A, Tosches MA. Cell-type profiling in salamanders identifies innovations in vertebrate forebrain evolution. Science 2022; 377:eabp9186. [PMID: 36048957 PMCID: PMC10024926 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp9186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of advanced cognition in vertebrates is associated with two independent innovations in the forebrain: the six-layered neocortex in mammals and the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) in sauropsids (reptiles and birds). How these innovations arose in vertebrate ancestors remains unclear. To reconstruct forebrain evolution in tetrapods, we built a cell-type atlas of the telencephalon of the salamander Pleurodeles waltl. Our molecular, developmental, and connectivity data indicate that parts of the sauropsid DVR trace back to tetrapod ancestors. By contrast, the salamander dorsal pallium is devoid of cellular and molecular characteristics of the mammalian neocortex yet shares similarities with the entorhinal cortex and subiculum. Our findings chart the series of innovations that resulted in the emergence of the mammalian six-layered neocortex and the sauropsid DVR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Woych
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alonso Ortega Gurrola
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Astrid Deryckere
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eliza C B Jaeger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elias Gumnit
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gianluca Merello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jiacheng Gu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alberto Joven Araus
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas D Leigh
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maximina Yun
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - András Simon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Freudenmacher L, von Twickel A, Walkowiak W. The habenula as an evolutionary conserved link between basal ganglia, limbic, and sensory systems—A phylogenetic comparison based on anuran amphibians. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:705-728. [PMID: 31566737 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Freudenmacher
- Zoological Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute II for Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Domínguez L, González A, Moreno N. Characterization of the hypothalamus of Xenopus laevis during development. II. The basal regions. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:1102-31. [PMID: 24122702 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The expression patterns of conserved developmental regulatory transcription factors and neuronal markers were analyzed in the basal hypothalamus of Xenopus laevis throughout development by means of combined immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. The connectivity of the main subdivisions was investigated by in vitro tracing techniques with dextran amines. The basal hypothalamic region is topologically rostral to the basal diencephalon and is composed of the tuberal (rostral) and mammillary (caudal) subdivisions, according to the prosomeric model. It is dorsally bounded by the optic chiasm and the alar hypothalamus, and caudally by the diencephalic prosomere p3. The tuberal hypothalamus is defined by the expression of Nkx2.1, xShh, and Isl1, and rostral and caudal portions can be distinguished by the distinct expression of Otp rostrally and Nkx2.2 caudally. In the mammillary region the xShh/Nkx2.1 combination defined the rostral mammillary area, expressing Nkx2.1, and the caudal retromammillary area, expressing xShh. The expression of xLhx1, xDll4, and Otp in the mammillary area and Isl1 in the tuberal region highlights the boundary between the two basal hypothalamic territories. Both regions are strongly connected with subpallial regions, especially those conveying olfactory/vomeronasal information, and also possess abundant intrahypothalamic connections. They show reciprocal connections with the diencephalon (mainly the thalamus), project to the midbrain tectum, and are bidirectionally related to the rhombencephalon. These results illustrate that the basal hypothalamus of anurans shares many features of specification, regionalization, and hodology with amniotes, reinforcing the idea of a basic bauplan in the organization of this prosencephalic region in all tetrapods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Domínguez
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Domínguez L, Morona R, González A, Moreno N. Characterization of the hypothalamus of Xenopus laevis during development. I. The alar regions. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:725-59. [PMID: 22965483 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The patterns of expression of a set of conserved developmental regulatory transcription factors and neuronal markers were analyzed in the alar hypothalamus of Xenopus laevis throughout development. Combined immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques were used for the identification of subdivisions and their boundaries. The alar hypothalamus was located rostral to the diencephalon in the secondary prosencephalon and represents the rostral continuation of the alar territories of the diencephalon and brainstem, according to the prosomeric model. It is composed of the supraoptoparaventricular (dorsal) and the suprachiasmatic (ventral) regions, and limits dorsally with the preoptic region, caudally with the prethalamic eminence and the prethalamus, and ventrally with the basal hypothalamus. The supraoptoparaventricular area is defined by the orthopedia (Otp) expression and is subdivided into rostral and caudal portions, on the basis of the Nkx2.2 expression only in the rostral portion. This region is the source of many neuroendocrine cells, primarily located in the rostral subdivision. The suprachiasmatic region is characterized by Dll4/Isl1 expression, and was also subdivided into rostral and caudal portions, based on the expression of Nkx2.1/Nkx2.2 and Lhx1/7 exclusively in the rostral portion. Both alar regions are mainly connected with subpallial areas strongly implicated in the limbic system and show robust intrahypothalamic connections. Caudally, both regions project to brainstem centers and spinal cord. All these data support that in terms of topology, molecular specification, and connectivity the subdivisions of the anuran alar hypothalamus possess many features shared with their counterparts in amniotes, likely controlling similar reflexes, responses, and behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Domínguez
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Social signals increase monoamine levels in the tegmentum of juvenile Mexican spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:681-91. [PMID: 23681220 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoamines are important neuromodulators that respond to social cues and that can, in turn, modify social responses. Yet we know very little about the ontogeny of monoaminergic systems and whether they contribute to the development of social behavior. Anurans are an excellent model for studying the development of social behavior because one of its primary components, phonotaxis, is expressed early in life. To examine the effect of social signals on monoamines early in ontogeny, we presented juvenile Mexican spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata) with a male mating call or no sound and measured norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and a serotonin metabolite, across the brain using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Our results demonstrate that adult-like monoaminergic systems are in place shortly after metamorphosis. Perhaps more interestingly, we found that mating calls increased the level of monoamines in the juvenile tegmentum, a midbrain region involved in sensory-motor integration and that contributes to brain arousal and attention. We saw no such increase in the auditory midbrain or in forebrain regions. We suggest that changes in monoamine levels in the juvenile tegmentum may reflect the effects of social signals on arousal state and could contribute to context-dependent modulation of social behavior.
Collapse
|
7
|
Joven A, Morona R, Moreno N, González A. Regional distribution of calretinin and calbindin-D28k expression in the brain of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl during embryonic and larval development. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 218:969-1003. [PMID: 22843286 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sequence of appearance of calretinin and calbindin-D28k immunoreactive (CRir and CBir, respectively) cells and fibers has been studied in the brain of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. Embryonic, larval and juvenile stages were studied. The early expression and the dynamics of the distribution of CBir and CRir structures have been used as markers for developmental aspects of distinct neuronal populations, highlighting the accurate extent of many regions in the developing brain, not observed on the basis of cytoarchitecture alone. CR and, to a lesser extent, CB are expressed early in the central nervous system and show a progressively increasing expression from the embryonic stages throughout the larval life and, in general, the labeled structures in the developing brain retain their ability to express these proteins in the adult brain. The onset of CRir cells primarily served to follow the development of the olfactory bulbs, subpallium, thalamus, alar hypothalamus, mesencephalic tegmentum, and distinct cell populations in the rhombencephalic reticular formation. CBir cells highlighted the development of, among others, the pallidum, hypothalamus, dorsal habenula, midbrain tegmentum, cerebellum, and central gray of the rostral rhombencephalon. However, it was the relative and mostly segregated distribution of both proteins in distinct cell populations which evidenced the developing regionalization of the brain. The results have shown the usefulness in neuroanatomy of the analysis during development of the onset of CBir and CRir structures, but the comparison with previous data has shown extensive variability across vertebrate classes. Therefore, one should be cautious when comparing possible homologue structures across species only on the basis of the expression of these proteins, due to the variation of the content of calcium-binding proteins observed in well-established homologous regions in the brain of different vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Joven
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hoke KL, Pitts NL. Modulation of sensory-motor integration as a general mechanism for context dependence of behavior. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 176:465-71. [PMID: 22405704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Social communication is context-dependent, with both the production of signals and the responses of receivers tailored to each animal's internal needs and external environmental conditions. We propose that this context dependence arises because of neural modulation of the sensory-motor transformation that underlies the social behavior. Neural systems that are restricted to individual behaviors may be modulated at early stages of the sensory or motor pathways for optimal energy expenditure. However, when neural systems contribute to multiple important behaviors, we argue that the sensory-motor relay is the likely site of modulation. Plasticity in the sensory-motor relay enables subtle context dependence of the social behavior while preserving other functions of the sensory and motor systems. We review evidence that the robust responses of anurans to conspecific signals are dependent on reproductive state, sex, prior experience, and current context. A well-characterized midbrain sensory-motor relay establishes signal selectivity and gates locomotive responses to sound. The social decision-making network may modulate this auditory-motor transformation to confer context dependence of anuran reproductive responses to sound. We argue that similar modulation may be a general mechanism by which vertebrates prioritize their behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lisa Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
O'Connell LA, Hofmann HA. The vertebrate mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network: a comparative synthesis. J Comp Neurol 2012; 519:3599-639. [PMID: 21800319 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 684] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
All animals evaluate the salience of external stimuli and integrate them with internal physiological information into adaptive behavior. Natural and sexual selection impinge on these processes, yet our understanding of behavioral decision-making mechanisms and their evolution is still very limited. Insights from mammals indicate that two neural circuits are of crucial importance in this context: the social behavior network and the mesolimbic reward system. Here we review evidence from neurochemical, tract-tracing, developmental, and functional lesion/stimulation studies that delineates homology relationships for most of the nodes of these two circuits across the five major vertebrate lineages: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and teleost fish. We provide for the first time a comprehensive comparative analysis of the two neural circuits and conclude that they were already present in early vertebrates. We also propose that these circuits form a larger social decision-making (SDM) network that regulates adaptive behavior. Our synthesis thus provides an important foundation for understanding the evolution of the neural mechanisms underlying reward processing and behavioral regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A O'Connell
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Horowitz SS, Simmons AM. Development of tectal connectivity across metamorphosis in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2011; 76:226-47. [PMID: 21266803 DOI: 10.1159/000322550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), the process of metamorphosis culminates in the appearance of new visual and visuomotor behaviors reflective of the emergence of binocular vision and visually-guided prey capture behaviors as the animal transitions to life on land. Using several different neuroanatomical tracers, we examined the substrates that may underlie these behavioral changes by tracing the afferent and efferent connectivity of the midbrain optic tectum across metamorphic development. Intratectal, tectotoral, tectotegmental, tectobulbar, and tecto-thalamic tracts exhibit similar trajectories of neurobiotin fiber label across the developmental span from early larval tadpoles to adults. Developmental variability was apparent primarily in intensity and distribution of cell and puncta label in target nuclei. Combined injections of cholera toxin subunit β and Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin consistently label cell bodies, puncta, or fiber segments bilaterally in midbrain targets including the pretectal gray, laminar nucleus of the torus semicircularis, and the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Developmentally stable label was observed bilaterally in medullary targets including the medial vestibular nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus, and reticular gray, and in forebrain targets including the posterior and ventromedial nuclei of the thalamus. The nucleus isthmi, cerebellum, lateral line nuclei, medial septum, ventral striatum, and medial pallium show more developmentally variable patterns of connectivity. Our results suggest that even during larval development, the optic tectum contains substrates for integration of visual with auditory, vestibular, and somatosensory cues, as well as for guidance of motivated behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth S Horowitz
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morona R, González A. Calbindin-D28k and calretinin expression in the forebrain of anuran and urodele amphibians: Further support for newly identified subdivisions. J Comp Neurol 2008; 511:187-220. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.21832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
12
|
Moreno N, Rétaux S, González A. Spatio-temporal expression of Pax6 in Xenopus forebrain. Brain Res 2008; 1239:92-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Montagnese CM, Zachar G, Bálint E, Csillag A. Afferent connections of septal nuclei of the domestic chick (Gallus domesticus): A retrograde pathway tracing study. J Comp Neurol 2008; 511:109-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Laberge F, Mühlenbrock-Lenter S, Dicke U, Roth G. Thalamo-telencephalic pathways in the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis. J Comp Neurol 2008; 508:806-23. [PMID: 18395828 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It was suggested that among extant vertebrates, anuran amphibians display a brain organization closest to the ancestral tetrapod condition, and recent research suggests that anuran brains share important similarities with the brains of amniotes. The thalamus is the major source of sensory input to the telencephalon in both amphibians and amniote vertebrates, and this sensory input is critical for higher brain functions. The present study investigated the thalamo-telencephalic pathways in the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis, a basal anuran, by using a combination of retrograde tract tracing and intracellular injections with the tracer biocytin. Intracellular labeling revealed that the majority of neurons in the anterior and central thalamic nuclei project to multiple brain targets involved in behavioral modulation either through axon collaterals or en passant varicosities. Single anterior thalamic neurons target multiple regions in the forebrain and midbrain. Of note, these neurons display abundant projections to the medial amygdala and a variety of pallial areas, predominantly the anterior medial pallium. In Bombina, telencephalic projections of central thalamic neurons are restricted to the dorsal striato-pallidum. The bed nucleus of the pallial commissure/thalamic eminence similarly targets multiple brain regions including the ventral medial pallium, but this is accomplished through a higher variety of distinct neuron types. We propose that the amphibian diencephalon exerts widespread influence in brain regions involved in behavioral modulation and that a single dorsal thalamic neuron is in a position to integrate different sensory channels and distribute the resulting information to multiple brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Laberge
- Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moreno N, Domínguez L, Rétaux S, González A. Islet1 as a marker of subdivisions and cell types in the developing forebrain of Xenopus. Neuroscience 2008; 154:1423-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Northcutt RG. Forebrain evolution in bony fishes. Brain Res Bull 2007; 75:191-205. [PMID: 18331871 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The bony fishes consist of ray-finned fishes and lobe-finned fishes. In ray-finned fishes, the forebrain forms a morphocline from the cladistian bichirs through teleosts regarding the number and increasing complexity of pallial connections. The nuclei of the posterior tubercle parallel this increase in complexity, but the dorsal thalamic nuclei do not. The primary targets of the dorsal thalamic nuclei are the subpallial nuclei, whereas the primary targets of the posterior tubercle are various pallial divisions. Primitively, nucleus medianus is the primary projection nucleus of the posterior tubercle. It is either reduced or lost in teleosts, and its role is taken over by the preglomerular complex, which appears to develop from proliferative zones in both the thalamic alar plate and the posterior tubercle. Although there are numerous hodological data for the pallium in ray-finned fishes, there is no consensus regarding its homologies with other vertebrates. In contrast to ray-finned fishes, very few experimental data exist for lobe-finned fishes. The coelacanth, Latimeria, is extremely rare, and lungfishes are the best source for new experimental data. At this point, there are sufficient data to suggest that lungfishes are characterized by a pallium that is divided into four components, separate dorsal and ventral striatopallidal systems, and an amygdala that consists of anterior, central, lateral, and medial nuclei. The data suggest that telencephalic organization in lungfishes is far more similar to that in amphibians than was previously suspected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Glenn Northcutt
- Neurobiology Unit, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laberge F, Roth G. Organization of the sensory input to the telencephalon in the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. J Comp Neurol 2007; 502:55-74. [PMID: 17335050 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The functional organization of sensory activity in the amphibian telencephalon is poorly understood. We used an in vitro brain preparation to compare the anatomy of afferent pathways with the localization of electrically evoked sensory potentials and single neuron intracellular responses in the telencephalon of the toad Bombina orientalis. Anatomical tracing showed that the anterior thalamic nucleus innervates the anterior parts of the medial, dorsal, and lateral pallia and the rostralmost part of the pallium in addition to the subpallial amygdala/ventral pallidum region. Additional afferents to the medial telencephalon originate from the thalamic eminence. Electrical stimulation of diverse sensory nerves and brain regions generated evoked potentials with distinct characteristics in the pallium, subpallial amygdala/ventral pallidum, and dorsal striatopallidum. In the pallium, this sensory activity is generated in the anterior medial region. In the case of olfaction, evoked potentials were recorded at all sites, but displayed different characteristics across telencephalic regions. Stimulation of the anterior dorsal thalamus generated a pattern of activity comparable to olfactory evoked potentials, but it became similar to stimulation of the optic nerve or brainstem after bilateral lesion of the lateral olfactory tract, which interrupted the antidromic activation of the olfactohabenular tract. Intracellular bimodal sensory responses were obtained in the anterior pallium, medial amygdala, ventral pallidum, and dorsal striatopallidum. Our results demonstrate that the amphibian anterior pallium, medial amygdala/ventral pallidum, and dorsal striatopallidum are multimodal sensory centers. The organization of the amphibian telencephalon displays striking similarities with the brain pathways recently implicated in mammalian goal-directed behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Laberge
- Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roth G, Laberge F, Mühlenbrock-Lenter S, Grunwald W. Organization of the pallium in the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis. I: Morphology and axonal projection pattern of neurons revealed by intracellular biocytin labeling. J Comp Neurol 2007; 501:443-64. [PMID: 17245707 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The cytoarchitecture and axonal projection pattern of pallial areas was studied in the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis by intracellular injection of biocytin into a total of 326 neurons forming 204 clusters. Five pallial regions were identified, differing in morphology and projection pattern of neurons. The rostral pallium receiving the bulk of dorsal thalamic afferents has reciprocal connections with all other pallial areas and projects to the septum, nucleus accumbens, and anterior dorsal striatum. The medial pallium projects bilaterally to the medial pallium, septum, nucleus accumbens, mediocentral amygdala, and hypothalamus and ipsilaterally to the rostral, dorsal, and lateral pallium. The ventral part of the medial pallium is distinguished by efferents to the eminentia thalami and the absence of contralateral projections. The dorsal pallium has only ipsilateral projections running to the rostral, medial, and lateral pallium; septum; nucleus accumbens; and eminentia thalami. The lateral pallium has ipsilateral projections to the olfactory bulbs and to the rostral, medial, dorsal, and ventral pallium. The ventral pallium including the striatopallial transition area (SPTA) has ipsilateral projections to the olfactory bulbs, rostral and lateral pallium, dorsal striatopallidum, vomeronasal amygdala, and hypothalamus. The medial pallium can be tentatively homologized with the mammalian hippocampal formation, the dorsal pallium with allocortical areas, the lateral pallium rostrally with the piriform and caudally with the entorhinal cortex, the ventral pallium with the accessory olfactory amygdala. The rostral pallium, with its projections to the dorsal and ventral striatopallidum, resembles the mammalian frontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Roth
- Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hoke KL, Ryan MJ, Wilczynski W. Integration of sensory and motor processing underlying social behaviour in túngara frogs. Proc Biol Sci 2007; 274:641-9. [PMID: 17254988 PMCID: PMC2197214 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social decision making involves the perception and processing of social stimuli, the subsequent evaluation of that information in the context of the individual's internal and external milieus to produce a decision, and then culminates in behavioural output informed by that decision. We examined brain networks in an anuran communication system that relies on acoustic signals to guide simple, stereotyped motor output. We used egr-1 mRNA expression to measure neural activation in male túngara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus, following exposure to conspecific and heterospecific calls that evoke competitive or aggressive behaviour. We found that acoustically driven activation in auditory brainstem nuclei is transformed into activation related to sensory-motor interactions in the diencephalon, followed by motor-related activation in the telencephalon. Furthermore, under baseline conditions, brain nuclei typically have correlated egr-1 mRNA levels within brain divisions. Hearing conspecific advertisement calls increases correlations between anatomically distant brain divisions; no such effect was observed in response to calls that elicit aggressive behaviour. Neural correlates of social decision making thus take multiple forms: (i) a progressive shift from sensory to motor encoding from lower to higher stages of neural processing and (ii) the emergence of correlated activation patterns among sensory and motor regions in response to behaviourally relevant social cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Hoke
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0930, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Endepols H, Mühlenbrock-Lenter S, Roth G, Walkowiak W. The septal complex of the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis: Chemoarchitecture. J Chem Neuroanat 2006; 31:59-76. [PMID: 16229986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate whether chemoarchitecture would support the subdivision of the anuran septum based on cytoarchitectonic and hodological studies, we performed enzyme-histochemical detection of NADPH-diaphorase and immunohistological demonstration of choline-acetyl transferase (ChAT), aspartate, calretinin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin, Leu- and Leu + Met-enkephalin, and substance P in the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis. Labeling of cell bodies matched well the previously defined subnuclei: The dorsolateral septal nucleus contains enkephalin-immunoreactive (-ir) and weakly stained GABA-ir neurons; calretinin-ir and weakly labeled GABA-ir neurons are found in the ventrolateral septal nucleus. The medial septal nucleus is characterized by the presence of numerous ChAT-ir and some tyrosine hydroxylase-ir neurons, while the dorsal septal nucleus is outlined by its NPY-ir neurons. Many ChAT-ir and some aspartate-ir and somatostatin-ir neurons are found in the diagonal band of Broca, and the central septal nucleus contains some GABA-ir and ChAT-ir neurons. In contrast, labeled fibers form a pattern which does not match the boundaries of septal subnuclei. Comparing the anuran septal complex with that of other vertebrates reveals that the complexity of the lateral septum has increased during the evolution from anamniote to amniote vertebrates. In spite of this fact, many similarities in chemoarchitecture between anurans and other vertebrates are evident. Some basal septal functions such as involvement in learning and memory formation or inhibition of sexual behavior appear to have persisted during vertebrate evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Endepols
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Weyertal 119, 50923 Köln, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Roden K, Endepols H, Walkowiak W. Hodological characterization of the septum in anuran amphibians: I. Afferent connections. J Comp Neurol 2005; 483:415-36. [PMID: 15700270 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of Nissl-stained sections, we subdivided the septum of the gray treefrog Hyla versicolor in the lateral, central, and medial septal complex. The afferent projections of the different septal nuclei were studied by combined retrograde and anterograde tracing with biotin ethylendiamine (Neurobiotin). The central and medial septal complex receives direct input from regions of the olfactory bulb and from all other limbic structures of the telencephalon (e.g., amygdalar regions, nucleus accumbens), whereas projections to the lateral septal complex are absent or less extensive. The medial pallium projects to all septal nuclei. In the diencephalon, the anterior thalamic nucleus provides the main ascending input to all subnuclei of the anuran septum, which can be interpreted as a limbic/associative pathway. The ventromedial thalamic nucleus projects to the medial and lateral septal complex and may thereby transmit multisensory information to the limbic system. Anterior preoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, and hypothalamic nuclei innervate the central and lateral septal complex. Only the nuclei of the central septal complex receive input from the brainstem. Noteworthy is the relatively strong projection from the nucleus raphe to the central septal complex, but not to the other septal nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Roden
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, D-50923 Köln, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mühlenbrock-Lenter S, Endepols H, Roth G, Walkowiak W. Immunohistological characterization of striatal and amygdalar structures in the telencephalon of the fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis. Neuroscience 2005; 134:705-19. [PMID: 15961238 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The subpallium of the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis was studied by means of enzyme-histological detection of NADPH-diaphorase and immunohistological demonstration of aspartate, GABA, calretinin, choline-acetyl transferase, Leu-and Met-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (serotonin), somatostatin, substance P and tyrosine-hydroxylase. As in other vertebrates, the striato-pallidum is characterized by GABA-, substance P- and enkephalin-immunoreactivity. Neurons and fibers differing in immunoreactivity are arranged in layers. Choline-acetyl transferase-immunoreactive neurons were found in a position corresponding to the mammalian cholinergic cell-group (Ch4-group), which therefore may be homologous to the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Within the amygdaloid complex, the cortical and lateral (vomeronasal) nuclei are similar in calretinin-, GABA-, NADPH-diaphorase-, enkephalin, substance P- and neuropeptide Y-(immuno)histology. The medial and central amygdaloid nuclei reveal a dense peptidergic innervation, and the medial amygdala additionally exhibits serotonergic fibers and cell bodies staining for neuropeptides and tyrosine-hydroxylase. Differences between Bombina and other anuran species exist, such as the absence of cholinergic neurons in the striatum. Our findings corroborate the view based on recent studies on the hodology and cytoarchitecture of the anuran telencephalon that the anuran ventral telencephalon contains most of the structures found in the mammalian brain. This concerns a septal region, a dorsal and ventral striato-pallidum including a nucleus accumbens and an amygdaloid complex consisting of a central, cortical and vomeronasal amygdala. The only major difference appears to concern the lack of a basolateral amygdala.
Collapse
|