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Matsuo R, Matsuo Y. Regional expression of neuropeptides in the retina of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Limacidae). J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1551-1568. [PMID: 34979594 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastropods use lens-bearing eyes to detect ambient light. The retina contains photoreceptors that directly project to the brain. Here we identified the neurotransmitters that the retinal cells use for projection to the brain in the terrestrial slug Limax. We identified 12 genes encoding neuropeptides as well as a novel vesicular glutamate transporter, a marker of glutamatergic neuron, expressed in the retinal cells. Spatial expression profiles of the neuropeptide genes were determined by in situ hybridization. WWamide/MIP1/Pedal peptide2 were co-expressed in the neurons of the accessory retina. In the main retina, prohormone-4 was expressed in the ventro-lateral region. Clionin was expressed in the ventro-medial region. Pedal peptide was expressed in the anterior region of the main retina and in the accessory retina. Enterin was expressed in many neurons, including the accessory retina, but not in the dorsal region. FxRIamide1 and 2 were co-expressed in the posterior region. Prohormone-4 variant was uniformly expressed in many neurons but scarcely in the accessory retina. MIP2 was widely expressed throughout the dorso-ventral axis in the posterio-lateral region of the main retina. Myo1 was expressed in many neurons of the main retina but predominantly in the dorsal region. These expression patterns were confirmed by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies against the neuropeptides. Projections of these peptidergic retinal neurons were confirmed by immunostaining of the optic nerve. Our present study revealed regional differentiation of the retina with respect to the neurotransmitters that the retinal cells use. neuropeptides, retina, neurotransmitter, gastropod, Lehmannia This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Matsuo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University
| | - Yuko Matsuo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University
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Yamanaka A, Kobayashi S, Matsuo Y, Matsuo R. FxRIamide regulates the oscillatory activity in the olfactory center of the terrestrial slug Limax. Peptides 2021; 141:170541. [PMID: 33775802 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The terrestrial slug Limax acquires odor-aversion memory. The procerebrum is the secondary olfactory center in the brain of Limax, and functions as the locus of the memory formation and storage. The change in the local field potential oscillation in the procerebrum reflects the information processing of the learned odor. However, it is not fully understood what factors, intrinsic or extrinsic in the procerebrum, alter the oscillatory activity and how it is regulated. In the present study, we found that FxRIamide (Phe-x-Arg-Ile-NH2), which was previously identified as a myomodulatory peptide in the gastropod Fusinus ferrugineus, downregulates the oscillatory frequency of the local field potential oscillation in the procerebrum of Limax. FxRIamide peptides were encoded by two distinct transcripts, which exhibit partially overlapping expression patterns in the brain. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a scattered distribution of FxRIamide-expressing neurons in the cell mass layer of the procerebrum, in addition to the ramified innervation of FxRIamidergic neurons in the neuropile layers. Down-regulation of the oscillatory frequency of the local field potential was explained by the inhibitory effects of FxRIamide on the bursting neurons, which are the kernels of the local field potential oscillation in the procerebrum. Our study revealed the previously unidentified role of FxRIamide peptides in the network of interneurons of Limax, and these peptides may play a role in the mnemonic functions of the procerebrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amami Yamanaka
- International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan
| | - Suguru Kobayashi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsuo
- International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsuo
- International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan.
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Distribution and physiological effect of enterin neuropeptides in the olfactory centers of the terrestrial slug Limax. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:401-418. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Scaros AT, Andouche A, Baratte S, Croll RP. Histamine and histidine decarboxylase in the olfactory system and brain of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758). J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1095-1112. [PMID: 31721188 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods are radically different from any other invertebrate. Their molluscan heritage, innovative nervous system, and specialized behaviors create a unique blend of characteristics that are sometimes reminiscent of vertebrate features. For example, despite differences in the organization and development of their nervous systems, both vertebrates and cephalopods use many of the same neurotransmitters. One neurotransmitter, histamine (HA), has been well studied in both vertebrates and invertebrates, including molluscs. While HA was previously suggested to be present in the cephalopod central nervous system (CNS), Scaros, Croll, and Baratte only recently described the localization of HA in the olfactory system of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Here, we describe the location of HA using an anti-HA antibody and a probe for histidine decarboxylase (HDC), a synthetic enzyme for HA. We extended previous descriptions of HA in the olfactory organ, nerve, and lobe, and describe HDC staining in the same regions. We found HDC-positive cell populations throughout the CNS, including the optic gland and the peduncle, optic, dorso-lateral, basal, subvertical, frontal, magnocellular, and buccal lobes. The distribution of HA in the olfactory system of S. officinalis is similar to the presence of HA in the chemosensory organs of gastropods but is different than the sensory systems in vertebrates or arthropods. However, HA's widespread abundance throughout the rest of the CNS of Sepia is a similarity shared with gastropods, vertebrates, and arthropods. Its widespread use with differing functions across Animalia provokes questions regarding the evolutionary history and adaptability of HA as a transmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia T Scaros
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Aude Andouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystemes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Baratte
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystemes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Roger P Croll
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Katz PS, Quinlan PD. The importance of identified neurons in gastropod molluscs to neuroscience. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 56:1-7. [PMID: 30390485 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastropod molluscs have large neurons that are uniquely identifiable across individuals and across species based on neuroanatomical and neurochemical criteria, facilitating research into neural signaling and neural circuits. Novel neuropeptides have been identified through RNA sequencing and mass spectroscopic analysis of single neurons. The roles of peptides and other signaling molecules including second messengers have been placed in the context of small circuits that control simple behaviors. Despite the stereotypy, neurons vary over time in their activity in large ensembles. Furthermore, there is both intra-species and inter-species variation in synaptic properties and gene expression. Research on gastropod identified neurons highlights the features that might be expected to be stable in more complex systems when trying to identify cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Katz
- Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant Street, 221 Morrill Science Center 3, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Phoenix D Quinlan
- Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant Street, 221 Morrill Science Center 3, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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Scaros AT, Croll RP, Baratte S. Immunohistochemical Approach to Understanding the Organization of the Olfactory System in the Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2074-2088. [PMID: 29578683 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods are nontraditional but captivating models of invertebrate neurobiology, particularly in evolutionary comparisons. Cephalopod olfactory systems have striking similarities and fundamental differences with vertebrates, arthropods, and gastropods, raising questions about the ancestral origins of those systems. We describe here the organization and development of the olfactory system of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. FMRFamide and/or related peptides and histamine are putative neurotransmitters in olfactory sensory neurons. Other neurotransmitters, including serotonin and APGWamide within the olfactory and other brain lobes, suggest efferent control of olfactory input and/or roles in the processing of olfactory information. The distributions of neurotransmitters, along with staining patterns of phalloidin, anti-acetylated α-tubulin, and a synaptotagmin riboprobe, help to clarify the structure of the olfactory lobe. We discuss a key difference, the lack of identifiable olfactory glomeruli, in cuttlefish in comparison to other models, and suggest its implications for the evolution of olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia T. Scaros
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Roger P. Croll
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sébastien Baratte
- Sorbonne Université,
MNHN, UNICAEN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes
Aquatiques (BOREA), Paris 75005, France
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Matsuo Y, Yamanaka A, Matsuo R. RFamidergic neurons in the olfactory centers of the terrestrial slug Limax. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2018; 4:22. [PMID: 30116553 PMCID: PMC6085721 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-018-0108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The terrestrial slug Limax has long been used as a model for the study of olfactory information processing and odor learning. Olfactory inputs from the olfactory epithelium are processed in the tentacular ganglion and then in the procerebrum. Glutamate and acetylcholine are the major neurotransmitters used in the procerebrum. Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) has been shown to be involved in the regulation of the network activity of the procerebrum. Although there are thought to be various RFamide family peptides other than FMRFamide that are potentially recognized by anti-FMRFamide antibody in the central nervous system of mollusks, identifying the entire repertoire of RFamide peptides in Limax has yet to be achieved. METHODS In the present study, we made a comprehensive search for RFamide peptide-encoding genes from the transcriptome data of Limax, and identified 12 genes. The expression maps of these RFamide genes were constructed by in situ hybridization in the cerebral ganglia including the procerebrum, and in the superior/inferior tentacles. RESULTS Ten of 12 genes were expressed in the procerebrum, and nine of 12 genes were expressed in the tentacular ganglia. Gly-Ser-Leu-Phe-Arg-Phe-NH2 (GSLFRFamide), which is encoded by two different genes, LFRFamide1 (Leu-Phe-Arg-Phe-NH2-1) and LFRFamide2 (Leu-Phe-Arg-Phe-NH2-2), decreased the oscillatory frequency of the local field potential oscillation in the procerebrum when exogenously applied in vitro. We also found by immunohistochemistry that the neurons expressing pedal peptide send efferent projections from the procerebrum back to the tentacular ganglion. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the involvement of a far wider variety of RFamide family peptides in the olfactory information processing in Limax than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Matsuo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529 Japan
| | - Amami Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529 Japan
| | - Ryota Matsuo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529 Japan
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Serfőző Z, Nacsa K, Veréb Z, Battonyai I, Hegedűs C, Balogh C, Elekes K. Nitric oxide-coupled signaling in odor elicited molecular events in the olfactory center of the terrestrial snail, Helix pomatia. Cell Signal 2016; 30:67-81. [PMID: 27884734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Olfaction, a chemosensory modality, plays a pivotal role in the orientation and behavior of invertebrates. The central olfactory processing unit in terrestrial stylomatophoran snails is the procerebrum, which contains NO synthesizing interneurons, whose oscillatory currents are believed to be the base of odor evoked memory formation. Nevertheless, in this model the up- and downstream events of molecular cascades that trigger and follow NO release, respectively, have not been studied. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry studies performed on procerebral neural perikarya isolated from the snail Helix pomatia revealed cell populations with discrete DAF-2 fluorescence, indicating the release of different amounts of NO. Glutamate increased the intensity of DAF-2 fluorescence, and the number of DAF-2 positive non-bursting interneurons, through a mechanism likely to involve an NMDA-like receptor. Similarly to glutamate, NO activation induced an increase in intracellular cGMP levels through activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Immunohistochemical localization of proteins possessing the phosphorylated target sequence of AGC family kinases (RXXS/T-P), among them protein kinase A (RRXS/T-P), showed striking similarities to the distribution of NOS/cGMP. Activators of cyclic nucleotide synthesis increased the AGC-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of discrete proteins with 28, 45, and 55kDamw. Importantly, exposure of snails to an attractive odorant induced hyperphosphorylation of the 28kDa protein, and increased levels of cGMP synthesis. Protein S-nitrosylation and intercellular activation of protein kinase G were also suggested as alternative components of NO signaling in the snail procerebrum. The present results from Helix pomatia indicate an important role for procerebrum NO/cGMP/PKA signaling pathways in the regulation of olfactory (food-finding) behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Serfőző
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Kálmán Nacsa
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Izabella Battonyai
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csilla Balogh
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Károly Elekes
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Tihany, Hungary
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Matsuo R, Tanaka M, Fukata R, Kobayashi S, Aonuma H, Matsuo Y. Octopaminergic system in the central nervous system of the terrestrial slugLimax. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:3849-3864. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Matsuo
- International College of Arts and Sciences; Fukuoka Women's University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka 813-8529 Japan
| | - Marin Tanaka
- International College of Arts and Sciences; Fukuoka Women's University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka 813-8529 Japan
| | - Rena Fukata
- International College of Arts and Sciences; Fukuoka Women's University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka 813-8529 Japan
| | - Suguru Kobayashi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; Sanuki Kagawa 769-2193 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Aonuma
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute of Electronic Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0812 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency; CREST; Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Yuko Matsuo
- International College of Arts and Sciences; Fukuoka Women's University; Higashi-ku Fukuoka 813-8529 Japan
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