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Read ML, Berry SC, Graham KS, Voets NL, Zhang J, Aggleton JP, Lawrence AD, Hodgetts CJ. Scene-selectivity in CA1/subicular complex: Multivoxel pattern analysis at 7T. Neuropsychologia 2024; 194:108783. [PMID: 38161052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Prior univariate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in humans suggest that the anteromedial subicular complex of the hippocampus is a hub for scene-based cognition. However, it is possible that univariate approaches were not sufficiently sensitive to detect scene-related activity in other subfields that have been implicated in spatial processing (e.g., CA1). Further, as connectivity-based functional gradients in the hippocampus do not respect classical subfield boundary definitions, category selectivity may be distributed across anatomical subfields. Region-of-interest approaches, therefore, may limit our ability to observe category selectivity across discrete subfield boundaries. To address these issues, we applied searchlight multivariate pattern analysis to 7T fMRI data of healthy adults who undertook a simultaneous visual odd-one-out discrimination task for scene and non-scene (including face) visual stimuli, hypothesising that scene classification would be possible in multiple hippocampal regions within, but not constrained to, anteromedial subicular complex and CA1. Indeed, we found that the scene-selective searchlight map overlapped not only with anteromedial subicular complex (distal subiculum, pre/para subiculum), but also inferior CA1, alongside posteromedial (including retrosplenial) and parahippocampal cortices. Probabilistic overlap maps revealed gradients of scene category selectivity, with the strongest overlap located in the medial hippocampus, converging with searchlight findings. This was contrasted with gradients of face category selectivity, which had stronger overlap in more lateral hippocampus, supporting ideas of parallel processing streams for these two categories. Our work helps to map the scene, in contrast to, face processing networks within, and connected to, the human hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lucie Read
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Samuel C Berry
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Kim S Graham
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Dugald Stewart Building, University of Edinburgh, 3 Charles Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - Natalie L Voets
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Building, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU2, UK
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8DD, UK
| | - John P Aggleton
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Dugald Stewart Building, University of Edinburgh, 3 Charles Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - Carl J Hodgetts
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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2
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Hari E, Kizilates-Evin G, Kurt E, Bayram A, Ulasoglu-Yildiz C, Gurvit H, Demiralp T. Functional and structural connectivity in the Papez circuit in different stages of Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 153:33-45. [PMID: 37451080 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative continuum with memory impairment. We aimed to examine the detailed functional (FC) and structural connectivity (SC) pattern of the Papez circuit, known as the memory circuit, along the AD. METHODS MRI data of 15 patients diagnosed with AD dementia (ADD), 15 patients with the amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 15 patients with subjective cognitive impairment were analyzed. The FC analyses were performed between main nodes of the Papez circuit, and the SC was quantified as fractional anisotropy (FA) of the main white matter pathways of the Papez circuit. RESULTS The FC between the retrosplenial (RSC) and parahippocampal cortices (PHC) was the earliest affected FC, while a manifest SC change in the ventral cingulum and fornix was observed in the later ADD stage. The RSC-PHC FC and the ventral cingulum FA efficiently predicted the memory performance of the non-demented participants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the importance of the Papez circuit as target regions along the AD. SIGNIFICANCE The ventral cingulum connecting the RSC and PHC, a critical overlap area between the Papez circuit and the default mode network, seems to be a target region associated with the earliest objective memory findings in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Hari
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34216 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Kizilates-Evin
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Elif Kurt
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Bayram
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Ulasoglu-Yildiz
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Gurvit
- Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Neuroimaging Unit, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Schmitt O, Eipert P, Wang Y, Kanoke A, Rabiller G, Liu J. Connectome-based prediction of functional impairment in experimental stroke models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539601. [PMID: 37205373 PMCID: PMC10187266 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Experimental rat models of stroke and hemorrhage are important tools to investigate cerebrovascular disease pathophysiology mechanisms, yet how significant patterns of functional impairment induced in various models of stroke are related to changes in connectivity at the level of neuronal populations and mesoscopic parcellations of rat brains remain unresolved. To address this gap in knowledge, we employed two middle cerebral artery occlusion models and one intracerebral hemorrhage model with variant extent and location of neuronal dysfunction. Motor and spatial memory function was assessed and the level of hippocampal activation via Fos immunohistochemistry. Contribution of connectivity change to functional impairment was analyzed for connection similarities, graph distances and spatial distances as well as the importance of regions in terms of network architecture based on the neuroVIISAS rat connectome. We found that functional impairment correlated with not only the extent but also the locations of the injury among the models. In addition, via coactivation analysis in dynamic rat brain models, we found that lesioned regions led to stronger coactivations with motor function and spatial learning regions than with other unaffected regions of the connectome. Dynamic modeling with the weighted bilateral connectome detected changes in signal propagation in the remote hippocampus in all 3 stroke types, predicting the extent of hippocampal hypoactivation and impairment in spatial learning and memory function. Our study provides a comprehensive analytical framework in predictive identification of remote regions not directly altered by stroke events and their functional implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schmitt
- Medical School Hamburg - University of Applied Sciences, Department of Anatomy; University of Rostock, Institute of Anatomy
- SFVAMC, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Peter Eipert
- Medical School Hamburg - University of Applied Sciences, Department of Anatomy; University of Rostock, Institute of Anatomy
- SFVAMC, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF
- SFVAMC, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China, 100050
| | - Atsushi Kanoke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF
- SFVAMC, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Gratianne Rabiller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF
- SFVAMC, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF
- SFVAMC, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158
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4
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Maliković J, Amrein I, Vinciguerra L, Lalošević D, Wolfer DP, Slomianka L. Cell numbers in the reflected blade of CA3 and their relation to other hippocampal principal cell populations across seven species. Front Neuroanat 2023; 16:1070035. [PMID: 36686574 PMCID: PMC9846821 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1070035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus of many mammals contains a histoarchitectural region that is not present in laboratory mice and rats-the reflected blade of the CA3 pyramidal cell layer. Pyramidal cells of the reflected blade do not extend dendrites into the hippocampal molecular layer, and recent evidence indicates that they, like the proximal CA3 pyramids in laboratory rats and mice, partially integrate functionally with the dentate circuitry in pattern separation. Quantitative assessments of phylogenetic or disease-related changes in the hippocampal structure and function treat the reflected blade heterogeneously. Depending on the ease with which it can be differentiated, it is either assigned to the dentate hilus or to the remainder of CA3. Here, we investigate the impact that the differential assignment of reflected blade neurons may have on the outcomes of quantitative comparisons. We find it to be massive. If reflected blade neurons are treated as a separate entity or pooled with dentate hilar cells, the quantitative makeup of hippocampal cell populations can differentiate between species in a taxonomically sensible way. Assigning reflected blade neurons to CA3 greatly diminishes the differentiating power of all hippocampal principal cell populations, which may point towards a quantitative hippocampal archetype. A heterogeneous assignment results in a differentiation pattern with little taxonomic semblance. The outcomes point towards the reflected blade as either a major potential player in hippocampal functional and structural differentiation or a region that may have cloaked that hippocampi are more similarly organized across species than generally believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Maliković
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - David P. Wolfer
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Slomianka
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Lutz Slomianka
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5
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Honda Y, Shimokawa T, Matsuda S, Kobayashi Y, Moriya-Ito K. Hippocampal Connectivity of the Presubiculum in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:863478. [PMID: 35860211 PMCID: PMC9289110 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.863478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The marmoset (a New World monkey) has recently received much attention as an experimental animal model; however, little is known about the connectivity of limbic regions, including cortical and hippocampal memory circuits, in the marmoset. Here, we investigated the neuronal connectivity of the marmoset, especially focusing on the connectivity between the hippocampal formation and the presubiculum, using retrograde and anterograde tracers (cholera toxin-B subunit and biotin dextran amine). We demonstrated the presence of a direct projection from the CA1 pyramidal cell layer to the deep layers of the presubiculum in the marmoset, which was previously identified in the rabbit brain, but not in the rat. We also found that the cells of origin of the subiculo-presubicular projections were localized in the middle part along the superficial-to-deep axis of the pyramidal cell layer of the distal subiculum in the marmoset, which was similar to that in both rats and rabbits. Our results suggest that, compared to the rat and rabbit brains, connections between the hippocampal formation and presubiculum are highly organized and characteristic in the marmoset brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Honda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshiko Honda,
| | - Tetsuya Shimokawa
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsuda
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Moriya-Ito
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Witter MP, Amaral DG. The entorhinal cortex of the monkey: VI. Organization of projections from the hippocampus, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:828-852. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menno P. Witter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The MIND Institute and the California National Primate Research Center Davis California USA
| | - David G. Amaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The MIND Institute and the California National Primate Research Center Davis California USA
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Kigata T, Shibata H. Ramification Pattern of the Arteries Supplying the Rabbit Female Genital Organs. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1478-1488. [PMID: 31444985 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uterine adenocarcinoma occurs in more than 60% of female rabbits aged 4 years and over. To cure or prevent this uterine disorder, ovariohysterectomy should be performed. Although knowledge of the arterial supply to the ovary, uterus, and vagina is required, few studies have described the arterial anatomy. Therefore, we dissected ovarian, uterine, and vaginal arteries in 15 New Zealand White and 15 Japanese White rabbits to clarify the anatomy. The ovarian artery arose from the abdominal aorta, and in 50% of cases, the left artery emerged more cranially than the right artery. The ovarian artery provided the ovarian, uterine, and tubal branches with three branching types. The most frequent type (67% of the halves on the right and 63% of the halves on the left) exhibited three branches that independently arose from the ovarian artery. The uterine artery usually originated from the umbilical artery, with its ramification pattern divided into two types, having one or two uterine arteries, respectively. The most frequent type (all halves on the right and 83% of the halves on the left) had one uterine artery that originated from the umbilical artery. We observed three types of vaginal artery origins, with the branching type where the vaginal artery arose from the internal iliac artery being the most frequent (97% of the halves on the right and 90% of the halves on the left). The detailed arterial supply pattern of the rabbit female genital organs determined in the present study will be helpful when performing rabbit gynecological surgeries. Anat Rec, 303:1478-1488, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhito Kigata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty and Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideshi Shibata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty and Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
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Honda Y, Furuta T. Multiple Patterns of Axonal Collateralization of Single Layer III Neurons of the Rat Presubiculum. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:45. [PMID: 31354438 PMCID: PMC6639715 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presubiculum plays a key role in processing and integrating spatial and head-directional information. Layer III neurons of the presubiculum provide strong projections to the superficial layers of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) in the rat. Our previous study revealed that the terminal distribution of efferents from layer III cells of the presubiculum was organized in a band-like fashion within the MEC, and the transverse axis of these zones ran parallel to the rhinal fissure. Identifying axonal branching patterns of layer III neurons of the presubiculum is important to further elucidate the functional roles of the presubiculum. In the present study, we visualized all axonal processes and terminal distributions of single presubicular layer III neurons in the rat, using in vivo injection of a viral vector expressing membrane-targeted palmitoylation site-attached green fluorescent protein (GFP). We found that layer III of the rat presubiculum comprised multiple types of neurons (n = 12) with characteristic patterns of axonal collateralization, including cortical projection neurons (n = 6) and several types of intrinsic connectional neurons (n = 6). Two of six cortical projection neurons provided two or three major axonal branches to the MEC and formed elaborate terminal arbors within the superficial layers of the MEC. The width and axis of the area of their terminal distribution resembled that of the band-like terminal field seen in our massive-scale observation. Two of the other four cortical projection neurons gave off axonal branches to the MEC and also to the subiculum, and each of the other two neurons sent axons to the subiculum or parasubiculum. Patterns of axonal arborization of six intrinsic connectional neurons were distinct from each other, with four neurons sending many axonal branches to both superficial and deep layers of the presubiculum and the other two neurons showing sparse axonal branches with terminations confined to layers III–V of the presubiculum. These data demonstrate that layer III of the rat presubiculum consists of multiple types of cortical projection neurons and interneurons, and also suggest that inputs from a single presubicular layer III neuron can directly affect a band-like zone of the MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Honda
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Furuta
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Kashima T, Noguchi A, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Heterogeneous expression patterns of fibronectin in the mouse subiculum. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 98:131-138. [PMID: 31054323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The subiculum displays as much anatomical and physiological heterogeneity as the hippocampus. Recent studies suggest that the subiculum is also diverse in terms of gene expression. However, few studies have investigated the heterogeneity of the entire subiculum. To address this issue, we focused on fibronectin because its mRNA (FN1 mRNA) is expressed in the dorsal and ventral subiculum. We immunohistochemically characterized the intracellular expression of fibronectin in the entire subiculum along three axes (i.e., the dorsoventral, proximodistal, and superficial-deep axes). We first confirmed that FN1 mRNA is translated into protein inside cells. Moreover, we found that fibronectin was expressed evenly in the pyramidal cell layer of the dorsal subiculum, whereas in the ventral subicular pyramidal field, fibronectin was most concentrated in the superficial, distal corner. These results suggest that excitatory neurons labeled by fibronectin are more localized in the ventral subiculum than in the dorsal subiculum. Therefore, fibronectin may be useful as an indicator for studying the heterogeneity of principal cells in the subiculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Kashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Asako Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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10
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Cellular components and circuitry of the presubiculum and its functional role in the head direction system. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:541-556. [PMID: 29789927 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Orientation in space is a fundamental cognitive process relying on brain-wide neuronal circuits. Many neurons in the presubiculum in the parahippocampal region encode head direction and each head direction cell selectively discharges when the animal faces a specific direction. Here, we attempt to link the current knowledge of afferent and efferent connectivity of the presubiculum to the processing of the head direction signal. We describe the cytoarchitecture of the presubicular six-layered cortex and the morphological and electrophysiological intrinsic properties of principal neurons and interneurons. While the presubicular head direction signal depends on synaptic input from thalamus, the intra- and interlaminar information flow in the microcircuit of the presubiculum may contribute to refine directional tuning. The interaction of a specific interneuron type, the Martinotti cells, with the excitatory pyramidal cells may maintain the head direction signal in the presubiculum with attractor-like properties.
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Khalil R, Contreras-Ramirez V, Levitt JB. Postnatal refinement of interareal feedforward projections in ferret visual cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2303-2322. [PMID: 29476239 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the postnatal refinement of feedforward (FF) projections from ferret V1 to multiple cortical targets during the period around eye opening. Our goal was to establish (a) whether the developmental refinement of FF projections parallels that of feedback (FB) cortical circuits, and (b) whether FF pathways from V1 to different target areas refine with a similar rate. We injected the tracer CTb into V1 of juvenile ferrets, and visualized the pattern of labeled axon terminals in extrastriate cortex. Bouton density of FF projections to target areas 18, 19, and 21 declined steadily from 4 to 8 weeks postnatal. However, in area Ssy this decline was delayed somewhat, not occurring until after 6 weeks. During this postnatal period, mean interbouton intervals along individual FF axons to all visual areas increased, and we observed a concomitant moderate decrease in axon density in areas 18, 21, and Ssy. These data suggest that FF circuits linking V1 to its main extrastriate targets remodel largely synchronously in the weeks following eye opening, that FF and FB cortical circuits share a broadly similar developmental timecourse, and that postnatal visual experience is critical for the refinement of both FF and FB cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khalil
- Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Department, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Biology MR526, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Jonathan B Levitt
- Department of Biology MR526, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA. .,Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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