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Yamashiro K, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Automatic detection of foot-strike onsets in a rhythmic forelimb movement. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00054-3. [PMID: 38642677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Rhythmic movement is the fundamental motion dynamics characterized by repetitive patterns. Precisely defining onsets in rhythmic movement is essential for a comprehensive analysis of motor functions. Our study introduces an automated method for detecting rat's forelimb foot-strike onsets using deep learning tools. This method demonstrates high accuracy of onset detection by combining two techniques using joint coordinates and behavioral confidence scale. The analysis extends to neural oscillatory responses in the rat's somatosensory cortex, validating the effectiveness of our combined approach. Our technique streamlines experimentation, demanding only a camera and GPU-accelerated computer. This approach is applicable across various contexts and promotes our understanding of brain functions during rhythmic movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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2
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Ogasawara J, Matsumoto N, Takeuchi Y, Yamashiro K, Yasui M, Ikegaya Y. Lengthened circadian rhythms in mice with self-controlled ambient light intensity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7778. [PMID: 38565587 PMCID: PMC10987682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Laboratory animals are typically maintained under 12-h light and 12-h dark (12:12 LD) conditions with a daytime light intensity of ~ 200 lx. In this study, we designed an apparatus that allowed mice to self-select the room light intensity by nose poking. We measured the behavioral rhythms of the mice under this self-controlled light regimen. The mice quickly learned the relationship between their nose pokes and the resulting changes in the light intensity. Under these conditions, the mice exhibited free-running circadian behavior with a period of 24.5 ± 0.4 h. This circadian period was ~ 1 h longer than that of the same strain of mice when they were kept in constant darkness (DD) after 12:12 LD entrainment, and the lengthened period lasted for at least 30 days. The rhythm of the light intensity controlled by the mice also exhibited a similar period, but the phase of the illuminance rhythm preceded the phase of the locomotor activity rhythm. Mice that did not have access to the light controller were also entrained to the illuminance cycle produced by the mice that did have access to the light controller, but with a slightly delayed phase. The rhythm was likely controlled by the canonical circadian clock because mice with tau mutations in the circadian clock gene CSNK1E exhibited short periods of circadian rhythm under the same conditions. These results indicate that the free-running period of mice in the wild may differ from what they exhibit if they are attuned by forced light cycles in laboratories because mice in their natural habitats can self-control their exposure to ambient light, similar to our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ogasawara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Araki T, Hiragi T, Kuga N, Luo C, Andoh M, Sugao K, Nagata H, Sasaki T, Ikegaya Y, Koyama R. Microglia induce auditory dysfunction after status epilepticus in mice. Glia 2024; 72:274-288. [PMID: 37746760 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Auditory dysfunction and increased neuronal activity in the auditory pathways have been reported in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, but the cellular mechanisms involved are unknown. Here, we report that microglia play a role in the disinhibition of auditory pathways after status epilepticus in mice. We found that neuronal activity in the auditory pathways, including the primary auditory cortex and the medial geniculate body (MGB), was increased and auditory discrimination was impaired after status epilepticus. We further demonstrated that microglia reduced inhibitory synapses on MGB relay neurons over an 8-week period after status epilepticus, resulting in auditory pathway hyperactivity. In addition, we found that local removal of microglia from the MGB attenuated the increase in c-Fos+ relay neurons and improved auditory discrimination. These findings reveal that thalamic microglia are involved in auditory dysfunction in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Araki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hiragi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kuga
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Cong Luo
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Andoh
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Mizuno H, Ikegaya Y. Late-spiking retrosplenial cortical neurons are not synchronized with neocortical slow waves in anesthetized mice. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00004-X. [PMID: 38224839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Neocortical slow waves are critical for memory consolidation. The retrosplenial cortex is thought to facilitate the slow wave propagation to regions beyond the neocortex. However, it remains unclear which population is responsible for the slow wave propagation. To address this issue, we performed in vivo whole-cell recordings to identify neurons that were synchronous and asynchronous with slow waves. By quantifying their intrinsic membrane properties, we observed that the former exhibited regular spiking, whereas the latter exhibited late spiking. Thus, these two cell types transmit information in different directions between the neocortex and subcortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Okonogi T, Kuga N, Yamakawa M, Kayama T, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Stress-induced vagal activity influences anxiety-relevant prefrontal and amygdala neuronal oscillations in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:183. [PMID: 38195621 PMCID: PMC10776769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve crucially affects emotions and psychiatric disorders. However, the detailed neurophysiological dynamics of the vagus nerve in response to emotions and its associated pathological changes remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the spike rates of the cervical vagus nerve change depending on anxiety behavior in an elevated plus maze test, and these changes were eradicated in stress-susceptible male mice. Furthermore, instantaneous spike rates of the vagus nerve were negatively and positively correlated with the power of 2-4 Hz and 20-30 Hz oscillations, respectively, in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. The oscillations also underwent dynamic changes depending on the behavioral state in the elevated plus maze, and these changes were no longer observed in stress-susceptible and vagotomized mice. Chronic vagus nerve stimulation restored behavior-relevant neuronal oscillations with the recovery of altered behavioral states in stress-susceptible mice. These results suggested that physiological vagal-brain communication underlies anxiety and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toya Okonogi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Musashi Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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6
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Bénac N, Ezequiel Saraceno G, Butler C, Kuga N, Nishimura Y, Yokoi T, Su P, Sasaki T, Petit-Pedrol M, Galland R, Studer V, Liu F, Ikegaya Y, Sibarita JB, Groc L. Non-canonical interplay between glutamatergic NMDA and dopamine receptors shapes synaptogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:27. [PMID: 38167277 PMCID: PMC10762086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct interactions between receptors at the neuronal surface have long been proposed to tune signaling cascades and neuronal communication in health and disease. Yet, the lack of direct investigation methods to measure, in live neurons, the interaction between different membrane receptors at the single molecule level has raised unanswered questions on the biophysical properties and biological roles of such receptor interactome. Using a multidimensional spectral single molecule-localization microscopy (MS-SMLM) approach, we monitored the interaction between two membrane receptors, i.e. glutamatergic NMDA (NMDAR) and G protein-coupled dopamine D1 (D1R) receptors. The transient interaction was randomly observed along the dendritic tree of hippocampal neurons. It was higher early in development, promoting the formation of NMDAR-D1R complexes in an mGluR5- and CK1-dependent manner, favoring NMDAR clusters and synaptogenesis in a dopamine receptor signaling-independent manner. Preventing the interaction in the neonate, and not adult, brain alters in vivo spontaneous neuronal network activity pattern in male mice. Thus, a weak and transient interaction between NMDAR and D1R plays a structural and functional role in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Bénac
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Corey Butler
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nahoko Kuga
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishimura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taiki Yokoi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ping Su
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | | | - Rémi Galland
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Studer
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Matsumoto N, Miyano M, Abe T, Kashima T, Kato-Ishikura E, Inoue KI, Liu J, Kiyonari H, Takeuchi H, Ikegaya Y. Generation of Dopamine Transporter (DAT)-mCherry Knock-in Rats by CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:394-398. [PMID: 38325828 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons respond to rewards and have a crucial role in positive motivation and pleasure. Electrical stimulation of dopaminergic neurons and/or their axonal fibers and arborization has been often used to motivate animals to perform cognitive tasks. Still, the electrical stimulation is incompatible with electrophysiological recordings. In this light, optical stimulation following artificial expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in the cell membrane has been also used, but the expression level of ChR2 varies among researchers. Thus, we attempted to stably express ChR2 fused with a red fluorescence protein, mCherry, in dopaminergic neurons. Since dopamine transporter (DAT) gene is known as a marker for dopaminergic neurons, we inserted ChR2-mCherry into the downstream of the DAT gene locus of the rat genome by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) genome editing and created DAT-ChR2-mCherry knock-in rats. Immunohistochemistry showed that ChR2-mCherry was expressed in dopaminergic neurons in homozygote knock-in rats, whereas whole-cell recordings revealed that ChR2-mCherry-positive neurons did not fire action potentials upon blue light stimulation, indicating that ChR2 was not functional for optogenetics. Nevertheless, fluorescent labeling of dopaminergic neurons mediated by mCherry could help characterize them physiologically and histologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo
| | - Miyuki Miyano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research
| | | | | | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research
| | - Haruki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
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8
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Kawamura M, Yoshimoto A, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Low Atmospheric Oxygen Attenuates Alpha Oscillations in the Primary Motor Cortex of Awake Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:462-468. [PMID: 38382999 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen is pivotal for survival of animals. Their cellular activity and cognitive behavior are impaired when atmospheric oxygen is insufficient, called hypoxia. However, concurrent effects of hypoxia on physiological signals are poorly understood. To address this question, we simultaneously recorded local field potentials in the primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory, and anterior cingulate cortex, electrocardiograms, electroolfactograms, and electromyograms of rats under acute hypoxic conditions (i.e., 5.0% O2). Exposure to acute hypoxia significantly attenuated alpha oscillations alone in the primary motor cortex, while we failed to find any effects of acute hypoxia on the oscillatory power in the somatosensory cortex or anterior cingulate cortex. These area- and frequency-specific effects by hypoxia may be accounted for by neural innervation from the brainstem to each cortical area via thalamic relay nuclei. Moreover, we found that heart rate and respiratory rate were increased during acute hypoxia and high heart rate was maintained even after the oxygen level returned to the baseline. Altogether, our study characterizes a systemic effect of atmospheric hypoxia on neural and peripheral signals from physiological viewpoints, leading to bridging a gap between cellular and behavioral levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kawamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Airi Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo
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Noguchi A, Matsumoto N, Ikegaya Y. Postnatal Maturation of Membrane Potential Dynamics during in Vivo Hippocampal Ripples. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6126-6140. [PMID: 37400254 PMCID: PMC10476637 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0125-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are transient high-frequency oscillations of local field potentials (LFPs) in the hippocampus and play a critical role in memory consolidation. During SWRs, CA1 pyramidal cells exhibit rapid spike sequences that often replay the sequential activity that occurred during behavior. This temporally organized firing activity gradually emerges during 2 weeks after the eye opening; however, it remains unclear how the organized spikes during SWRs mature at the intracellular membrane potential (Vm) level. Here, we recorded Vm of CA1 pyramidal cells simultaneously with hippocampal LFPs from anesthetized immature mice of either sex after the developmental emergence of SWRs. On postnatal days 16 and 17, Vm dynamics around SWRs were premature, characterized by prolonged depolarizations without either pre- or post-SWR hyperpolarizations. The biphasic hyperpolarizations, features typical of adult SWR-relevant Vm, formed by approximately postnatal day 30. This Vm maturation was associated with an increase in SWR-associated inhibitory inputs to pyramidal cells. Thus, the development of SWR-relevant inhibition restricts the temporal windows for spikes of pyramidal cells and allows CA1 pyramidal cells to organize their spike sequences during SWRs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are prominent hippocampal oscillations and play a critical role in memory consolidation. During SWRs, hippocampal neurons synchronously emit spikes with organized temporal patterns. This temporal structure of spikes during SWRs develops during the third and fourth postnatal weeks, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we recorded in vivo membrane potentials from hippocampal neurons in premature mice and suggest that the maturation of SWR-associated inhibition enables hippocampal neurons to produce precisely controlled spike times during SWRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Yagi S, Igata H, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Awake hippocampal synchronous events are incorporated into offline neuronal reactivation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112871. [PMID: 37494183 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning novel experiences reorganizes hippocampal neuronal circuits, represented as coordinated reactivation patterns in post-experience offline states for memory consolidation. This study examines how awake synchronous events during a novel run are related to post-run reactivation patterns. The disruption of awake sharp-wave ripples inhibited experience-induced increases in the contributions of neurons to post-experience synchronous events. Hippocampal place cells that participate more in awake synchronous events are more strongly reactivated during post-experience synchronous events. Awake synchronous neuronal patterns, in cooperation with place-selective firing patterns, determine cell ensembles that undergo pronounced increases and decreases in their correlated spikes. Taken together, awake synchronous events are fundamental for identifying hippocampal neuronal ensembles to be incorporated into synchronous reactivation during subsequent offline states, thereby facilitating memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saichiro Yagi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Igata
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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11
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Aoki Y, Yokoi T, Morikawa S, Kuga N, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Effects of theta phase precessing optogenetic intervention on hippocampal neuronal reactivation and spatial maps. iScience 2023; 26:107233. [PMID: 37534136 PMCID: PMC10392074 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As animals explore environments, hippocampal place cells sequentially fire at progressively earlier phases of theta oscillations in hippocampal local field potentials. In this study, we evaluated the network-level significance of theta phase-entrained neuronal activity in organizing place cell spike patterns. A closed-loop system was developed in which optogenetic stimulation with a temporal pattern replicating theta phase precession is delivered to hippocampal CA1 neurons when rats traversed a particular region on a linear track. Place cells that had place fields during phase precessing stimulation, but not random phase stimulation, showed stronger reactivation during hippocampal sharp-wave ripples in a subsequent rest period. After the rest period, place cells with place fields that emerged during phase precessing stimulation showed more stable place fields. These results imply that neuronal reactivation and stability of spatial maps are mediated by theta phase precession in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taiki Yokoi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shota Morikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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12
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Shiwaku H, Katayama S, Gao M, Kondo K, Nakano Y, Motokawa Y, Toyoda S, Yoshida F, Hori H, Kubota T, Ishikawa K, Kunugi H, Ikegaya Y, Okazawa H, Takahashi H. Analyzing schizophrenia-related phenotypes in mice caused by autoantibodies against NRXN1α in schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:32-45. [PMID: 37004758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia remain unclear; however, genomic analysis has identified genes encoding important risk molecules. One such molecule is neurexin 1α (NRXN1α), a presynaptic cell adhesion molecule. In addition, novel autoantibodies that target the nervous system have been found in patients with encephalitis and neurological disorders. Some of these autoantibodies inhibit synaptic antigen molecules. Studies have examined the association between schizophrenia and autoimmunity; however, the pathological data remain unclear. Here, we identified a novel autoantibody against NRXN1α in patients with schizophrenia (n = 2.1%) in a Japanese cohort (n = 387). None of the healthy control participants (n = 362) were positive for anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies. Anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies isolated from patients with schizophrenia inhibited the molecular interaction between NRXN1α and Neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) and between NRXN1α and Neuroligin 2 (NLGN2). Additionally, these autoantibodies reduced the frequency of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic current in the frontal cortex of mice. Administration of anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies from patients with schizophrenia into the cerebrospinal fluid of mice reduced the number of spines/synapses in the frontal cortex and induced schizophrenia-related behaviors such as reduced cognition, impaired pre-pulse inhibition, and reduced social novelty preference. These changes were improved through the removal of anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies from the IgG fraction of patients with schizophrenia. These findings demonstrate that anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies transferred from patients with schizophrenia cause schizophrenia-related pathology in mice. Removal of anti-NRXN1α autoantibodies may be a therapeutic target for a subgroup of patients who are positive for these autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shiwaku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Shingo Katayama
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mengxuan Gao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kanoh Kondo
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuri Nakano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yukiko Motokawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Saori Toyoda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Yoshida
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Medical Technology, Tsukuba International University, Ibaraki 300-0051, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- The Center for Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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13
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Takeuchi Y, Yamashiro K, Noguchi A, Liu J, Mitsui S, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Machine learning-based segmentation of the rodent hippocampal CA2 area from Nissl-stained sections. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1172512. [PMID: 37449243 PMCID: PMC10336234 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1172512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a center of learning, memory, and spatial navigation. This region is divided into the CA1, CA2, and CA3 areas, which are anatomically different from each other. Among these divisions, the CA2 area is unique in terms of functional relevance to sociality. The CA2 area is often manually detected based on the size, shape, and density of neurons in the hippocampal pyramidal cell layer, but this manual segmentation relying on cytoarchitecture is impractical to apply to a large number of samples and dependent on experimenters' proficiency. Moreover, the CA2 area has been defined based on expression pattern of molecular marker proteins, but it generally takes days to complete immunostaining for such proteins. Thus, we asked whether the CA2 area can be systematically segmented based on cytoarchitecture alone. Since the expression pattern of regulator of G-protein signaling 14 (RGS14) signifies the CA2 area, we visualized the CA2 area in the mouse hippocampus by RGS14-immunostaining and Nissl-counterstaining and manually delineated the CA2 area. We then established "CAseg," a machine learning-based automated algorithm to segment the CA2 area with the F1-score of approximately 0.8 solely from Nissl-counterstained images that visualized cytoarchitecture. CAseg was extended to the segmentation of the prairie vole CA2 area, which raises the possibility that the use of this algorithm can be expanded to other species. Thus, CAseg will be beneficial for investigating unique properties of the hippocampal CA2 area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mitsui
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Shiozaki H, Kuga N, Kayama T, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors suppress sharp wave ripples in the ventral hippocampus. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 152:136-143. [PMID: 37169478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biased memory processing contributes to the development and exacerbation of depression, and thus could represent a potential therapeutic target for stress-induced mental disorders. Synchronized spikes in hippocampal neurons, corresponding to sharp wave ripples (SWRs), may play a crucial role in memory reactivation. In this study, we showed that the frequency of SWRs increased in the ventral hippocampus, but not in the dorsal hippocampus, after stress exposure. Administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and fluvoxamine inhibited the generation of ventral hippocampal SWRs and reduced locomotor activity and local field potential power in the gamma bands. These results suggest that the antidepressant effects of SSRIs may be mediated by the suppression of ventral hippocampal SWRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Shiozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Kayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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15
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Kudara M, Kato-Ishikura E, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Ramelteon administration enhances novel object recognition and spatial working memory in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 152:128-135. [PMID: 37169477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ramelteon is used to ameliorate sleep disorders that negatively affect memory performance; however, it remains unknown whether ramelteon strengthens neutral memories, which do not involve reward or punishment. To address this, we monitored behavior of mice treated with vehicle/ramelteon while they performed a novel object recognition task and a spontaneous alternation task. Object memory performance in the novel object recognition task was improved only if ramelteon was injected before training, suggesting that ramelteon specifically enhances the acquisition of object recognition memory. Ramelteon also enhanced spatial working memory in the spontaneous alternation task. Altogether, acute ramelteon treatment enhances memory in quasi-natural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikuru Kudara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eriko Kato-Ishikura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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16
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Yawata Y, Shikano Y, Ogasawara J, Makino K, Kashima T, Ihara K, Yoshimoto A, Morikawa S, Yagishita S, Tanaka KF, Ikegaya Y. Mesolimbic dopamine release precedes actively sought aversive stimuli in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2433. [PMID: 37106002 PMCID: PMC10140067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In some models, animals approach aversive stimuli more than those housed in an enriched environment. Here, we found that male mice in an impoverished and unstimulating (i.e., boring) chamber without toys sought aversive air puffs more often than those in an enriched chamber. Using this animal model, we identified the insular cortex as a regulator of aversion-seeking behavior. Activation and inhibition of the insular cortex increased and decreased the frequencies of air-puff self-stimulation, respectively, and the firing patterns of insular neuron ensembles predicted the self-stimulation timing. Dopamine levels in the ventrolateral striatum decreased with passive air puffs but increased with actively sought puffs. Around 20% of mice developed intense self-stimulation despite being offered toys, which was prevented by administering opioid receptor antagonists. This study establishes a basis for comprehending the neural underpinnings of usually avoided stimulus-seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yawata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yu Shikano
- Division of Brain Science, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenichi Makino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Kashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiko Ihara
- Division of Brain Science, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Airi Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shota Morikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sho Yagishita
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Division of Brain Science, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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17
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Kuga N, Nakayama R, Morikawa S, Yagishita H, Konno D, Shiozaki H, Honjoya N, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Hippocampal sharp wave ripples underlie stress susceptibility in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2105. [PMID: 37080967 PMCID: PMC10119298 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral hippocampus (vHC) is a core brain region for emotional memory. Here, we examined how the vHC regulates stress susceptibility from the level of gene expression to neuronal population dynamics in male mice. Transcriptome analysis of samples from stress-naïve mice revealed that intrinsic calbindin (Calb1) expression in the vHC is associated with susceptibility to social defeat stress. Mice with Calb1 gene knockdown in the vHC exhibited increased stress resilience and failed to show the increase in the poststress ventral hippocampal sharp wave ripple (SWR) rate. Poststress vHC SWRs triggered synchronous reactivation of stress memory-encoding neuronal ensembles and facilitated information transfer to the amygdala. Suppression of poststress vHC SWRs by real-time feedback stimulation or walking prevented social behavior deficits. Taken together, our results demonstrate that internal reactivation of memories of negative stressful episodes supported by ventral hippocampal SWRs serves as a crucial neurophysiological substrate for determining stress susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Kuga
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shota Morikawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruya Yagishita
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daichi Konno
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shiozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Natsumi Honjoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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18
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Noguchi A, Yamashiro K, Matsumoto N, Ikegaya Y. Theta oscillations represent collective dynamics of multineuronal membrane potentials of murine hippocampal pyramidal cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:398. [PMID: 37045975 PMCID: PMC10097823 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Theta (θ) oscillations are one of the characteristic local field potentials (LFPs) in the hippocampus that emerge during spatial navigation, exploratory sniffing, and rapid eye movement sleep. LFPs are thought to summarize multineuronal events, including synaptic currents and action potentials. However, no in vivo study to date has directly interrelated θ oscillations with the membrane potentials (Vm) of multiple neurons, and it remains unclear whether LFPs can be predicted from multineuronal Vms. Here, we simultaneously patch-clamp up to three CA1 pyramidal neurons in awake or anesthetized mice and find that the temporal evolution of the power and frequency of θ oscillations in Vms (θVms) are weakly but significantly correlate with LFP θ oscillations (θLFP) such that a deep neural network could predict the θLFP waveforms based on the θVm traces of three neurons. Therefore, individual neurons are loosely interdependent to ensure freedom of activity, but they partially share information to collectively produce θLFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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19
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Kudara M, Matsumoto N, Kuga N, Yamashiro K, Yoshimoto A, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. An open-source application to identify the three-dimensional locations of electrodes implanted into the rat brain from computed tomography images. Neurosci Res 2023:S0168-0102(23)00069-X. [PMID: 37003370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological recordings using metal electrodes implanted into the brains have been widely utilized to evaluate neuronal circuit dynamics related to behavior and external stimuli. The most common method for identifying implanted electrode tracks in the brain tissue has been histological examination following postmortem slicing and staining of the brain tissue, which consumes time and resources and occasionally fails to identify the tracks because the brain preparations have been damaged during processing. Recent studies have proposed the use of a promising alternative method, consisting of computed tomography (CT) scanning that can directly reconstruct the three-dimensional arrangements of electrodes in the brains of living animals. In this study, we developed an open-source Python-based application that estimates the location of an implanted electrode from CT image sequences in a rat. After the user manually sets reference coordinates and an area from a sequence of CT images, this application automatically overlays an estimated location of an electrode tip on a histological template image; the estimates are highly accurate, with less than 135μm of error, irrespective of the depth of the brain region. The estimation of an electrode location can be completed within a few minutes. Our simple and user-friendly application extends beyond currently available CT-based electrode localization methods and opens up the possibility of applying this technique to various electrophysiological recording paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikuru Kudara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Nahoko Kuga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Airi Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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20
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Okamoto K, Kamikubo Y, Yamauchi K, Okamoto S, Takahashi M, Ishida Y, Koike M, Ikegaya Y, Sakurai T, Hioki H. Specific AAV2/PHP.eB-mediated gene transduction of CA2 pyramidal cells via injection into the lateral ventricle. Sci Rep 2023; 13:323. [PMID: 36609635 PMCID: PMC9822962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its limited accessibility, the CA2 area has been less investigated compared to other subregions of the hippocampus. While the development of transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase in the CA2 has revealed unique features of this area, the use of mouse lines has several limitations, such as lack of specificity. Therefore, a specific gene delivery system is required. Here, we confirmed that the AAV-PHP.eB capsid preferably infected CA2 pyramidal cells following retro-orbital injection and demonstrated that the specificity was substantially higher after injection into the lateral ventricle. In addition, a tropism for the CA2 area was observed in organotypic slice cultures. Combined injection into the lateral ventricle and stereotaxic injection into the CA2 area specifically introduced the transgene into CA2 pyramidal cells, enabling us to perform targeted patch-clamp recordings and optogenetic manipulation. These results suggest that AAV-PHP.eB is a versatile tool for specific gene transduction in CA2 pyramidal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Okamoto
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Yuji Kamikubo
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Kenta Yamauchi
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Megumu Takahashi
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan ,grid.54432.340000 0001 0860 6072Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083 Japan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113‐0033 Japan ,grid.28312.3a0000 0001 0590 0962Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInstitute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113‐0033 Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of Multi-Scale Brain Structure Imaging, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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21
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Kono R, Ikegaya Y, Koyama R. [Synaptic phagocytosis by multiple glial cell types]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2023; 158:348-352. [PMID: 37673608 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.23004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the brain build circuits by synapsing with each other, and glial cells are involved in the formation and elimination of synapses. Glial cells include microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, each with distinctive functions supported by different gene expression patterns and morphologies, but all have been shown to regulate the number of synapses in the neuronal circuits through a common function, synaptic phagocytosis. It has also been reported that specific glial cell types phagocytose specific synapses in different brain regions and at different times, and some of the molecular mechanisms involved in each phagocytotic process have been elucidated. For example, microglia, the most frequently reported glial cell type in relation to synaptic phagocytes, are known to recognize various "eat me signals" including complement and phagocytose synapses, contributing to the refinement of neuronal circuits during development. More recently, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells have also been shown to be involved in synaptic phagocytosis. Interestingly, there are also reports of different types of glial cells phagocytosing the same types of synapses. And in some cases, it has been suggested that different glial cell types regulate each other's synaptic phagocytosis. In this review, we will discuss the significance of synaptic phagocytosis by multiple types of glial cells by presenting recent studies on synaptic phagocytosis by glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Kono
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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22
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Ogaki A, Ikegaya Y, Koyama R. Replacement of Mouse Microglia With Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (hiPSC)-Derived Microglia in Mouse Organotypic Slice Cultures. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:918442. [PMID: 35910250 PMCID: PMC9325970 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.918442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the major immune cells in the brain, are reported to differ in gene expression patterns among species. Therefore, it would be preferable in some cases to use human microglia rather than mouse microglia in microglia-targeted disease research. In the past half a decade, researchers have developed in vivo transplantation methods in which human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (hiPSC-MG) are transplanted into a living mouse brain. However, in vivo transplantation methods are not necessarily accessible to all researchers due to the difficulty of obtaining the materials needed and the transplantation technique itself. In addition, for in vivo systems for microglia-targeted drug screening, it is difficult to control the pharmacokinetics, especially blood-brain barrier permeability. Therefore, in addition to existing in vivo transplantation systems, the development of an ex vivo transplantation system would help to further evaluate the properties of hiPSC-MG. In this study, we aimed to establish a method to efficiently transplant hiPSC-MG into cultured mouse hippocampal slices. We found that approximately 80% of the total microglia in a cultured slice were replaced by hiPSC-derived microglia when innate microglia were pharmacologically removed prior to transplantation. Furthermore, when neuronal death was induced by applying Kainic acid (KA) to slice cultures, transplanted hiPSC-MG changed their morphology and phagocytosed cell debris. Thus, this study provides a method to transplant hiPSC-MG into the mouse hippocampal slice cultures with a high replacement rate. Because the transplanted microglia survived and exerted phagocytic functions, this method will be useful for evaluating the properties of hiPSC-MG ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Ogaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryuta Koyama
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23
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Kuga N, Abe R, Takano K, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Prefrontal-amygdalar oscillations related to social behavior in mice. eLife 2022; 11:78428. [PMID: 35580019 PMCID: PMC9113747 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in the regulation of social behavior and associated with psychiatric diseases but their detailed neurophysiological mechanisms at a network level remain unclear. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) while male mice engaged on social behavior. We found that in wild-type mice, both the dmPFC and BLA increased 4–7 Hz oscillation power and decreased 30–60 Hz power when they needed to attend to another target mouse. In mouse models with reduced social interactions, dmPFC 4–7 Hz power further increased especially when they exhibited social avoidance behavior. In contrast, dmPFC and BLA decreased 4–7 Hz power when wild-type mice socially approached a target mouse. Frequency-specific optogenetic manipulations replicating social approach-related LFP patterns restored social interaction behavior in socially deficient mice. These results demonstrate a neurophysiological substrate of the prefrontal cortex and amygdala related to social behavior and provide a unified pathophysiological understanding of neuronal population dynamics underlying social behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Kuga
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Reimi Abe
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotomi Takano
- School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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24
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Yamashiro K, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. In Utero Electroporation for Manipulation of Specific Neuronal Populations. Membranes 2022; 12:membranes12050513. [PMID: 35629839 PMCID: PMC9147339 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of brain functions is supported by the heterogeneity of brain tissue and millisecond-scale information processing. Understanding how complex neural circuits control animal behavior requires the precise manipulation of specific neuronal subtypes at high spatiotemporal resolution. In utero electroporation, when combined with optogenetics, is a powerful method for precisely controlling the activity of specific neurons. Optogenetics allows for the control of cellular membrane potentials through light-sensitive ion channels artificially expressed in the plasma membrane of neurons. Here, we first review the basic mechanisms and characteristics of in utero electroporation. Then, we discuss recent applications of in utero electroporation combined with optogenetics to investigate the functions and characteristics of specific regions, layers, and cell types. These techniques will pave the way for further advances in understanding the complex neuronal and circuit mechanisms that underlie behavioral outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.I.)
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.I.)
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Correspondence:
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25
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Konno D, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Weak representation of awake/sleep states by local field potentials in aged mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7766. [PMID: 35545694 PMCID: PMC9095686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence affects various aspects of sleep, and it remains unclear how sleep-related neuronal network activity is altered by senescence. Here, we recorded local field potential signals from multiple brain regions covering the forebrain in young (10-week-old) and aged (2-year-old) mice. Interregional LFP correlations across these brain regions could not detect pronounced differences between awake and sleep states in both young and aged mice. Multivariate analyses with machine learning algorithms with uniform manifold approximation and projection and robust continuous clustering demonstrated that LFP correlational patterns at multiple frequency bands, ranging from delta to high gamma bands, in aged mice less represented awake/sleep states than those in young mice. By housing aged mice in an enriched environment, the LFP patterns were changed to more precisely represent awake/sleep states. Our results demonstrate senescence-induced changes in neuronal activity at the network level and provide insight into the prevention of pathological symptoms associated with sleep disturbance in senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Konno
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Laboratory of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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26
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Abstract
Sets of spikes emitted sequentially across neurons constitute fundamental pulse packets in neural information processing, including offline memory replay during hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs). The relative timing of neuronal spikes is fine-tuned in each spike sequence but can vary between different sequences. However, the microcircuitry mechanism that enables such flexible spike sequencing remains unexplored. We recorded the membrane potentials of multiple hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in mice and found that the neurons were transiently hyperpolarized prior to SWRs. The pre-SWR hyperpolarizations were spatiotemporally heterogeneous, and larger hyperpolarizations were associated with later spikes during SWRs. Intracellular blockade of Cl--mediated inhibition reduced pre-SWR hyperpolarizations and advanced spike times. Single-unit recordings also revealed that the pre-SWR firing rates of inhibitory interneurons predicted the SWR-relevant spike times of pyramidal cells. Thus, pre-SWR inhibitory activity determines the sequential spike times of pyramidal cells and diversifies the repertoire of sequence patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Roman Huszár
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Shota Morikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - György Buzsáki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center and Center for Neural Science, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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27
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Shibata Y, Yoshimoto A, Yamashiro K, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Delayed reinforcement hinders subsequent extinction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 591:20-25. [PMID: 34995981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In operant conditioning, animals associate their own behavior with a reinforcer, and the probability of the behavioral responses is increased. This form of learning is called reinforcement. In contrast, when the previously reinforced responses are no longer paired with a reinforcer, these responses are eventually extinguished. The effectiveness of reinforcement depends primarily on time intervals between reinforcers and responses, but it is not fully understood how the intervals affect subsequent extinction. To address this question, we performed electrical stimulation of the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB), a part of the brain reward system, and an operant task in which the MFB was electrically stimulated 0.1 s (immediate condition) or 1 s (delayed condition) after the rat's nose was poked. During the first half of the task period (a reinforcement period), nose pokes were associated with MFB stimulation. In contrast, during the second half (an extinction period), we did not stimulate the MFB irrespective of nose pokes. We found that rats exhibited increased nose-poke behaviors during the reinforcement period under both conditions, whereas during the extinction period, nose pokes were more persistent in the delayed condition than in the immediate condition. The persistent responses in the extinction period were independent of responses in the reinforcement period. Therefore, reinforcement and extinction are driven by independent neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shibata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Airi Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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28
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Onodera J, Ikegaya Y, Koyama R. [Microglial Response to Brain Temperature and Neuronal Circuit Reorganization]. Brain Nerve 2022; 74:133-142. [PMID: 35108677 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416201998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brain tissue is vulnerable to temperature changes, which are known to affect the structure and function of neural circuits. Owing to their dynamic ramified processes, microglia, which serve as immune cells in the brain, are associated with surveillance of the brain environment and mediate synaptic pruning to reorganize neural circuits. In this section, we discuss the possible role of microglia as temperature sensors in the brain via thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels and their role in reorganization of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Onodera
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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29
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Nakashima M, Morikawa S, Ikegaya Y. Genetic labeling of axo-axonic cells in the basolateral amygdala. Neurosci Res 2022; 178:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Kayama T, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Phasic firing of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area triggers peripheral immune responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1447. [PMID: 35087155 PMCID: PMC8795439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play a crucial role in the processing of reward-related information. Recent studies with pharmacological manipulations of VTA neuronal activity demonstrated a VTA-induced immunoenhancement in peripheral organs. Here, to examine the detailed physiological dynamics, we took an optogenetic approach in which VTA dopaminergic neurons were selectively activated with millisecond precision. Optogenetic phasic, rather than tonic, stimulation of VTA dopaminergic neurons increased serum cytokine levels, such as IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α. These results provide direct evidence to link dopaminergic neuronal phasic firing to peripheral immunity. Next, we tested whether cytokine induction in male mice was boosted by female encounters, a natural condition that induces increased active VTA neurons and gamma power. Female encounters increased serum IL-2 levels, which were abolished by pharmacological inhibition of VTA neuronal activity. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of the brain reward system in the treatment and management of immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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31
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Miyata H, Toyoda Y, Takada T, Hiragi T, Kubota Y, Shigesawa R, Koyama R, Ikegaya Y, Suzuki H. Identification of an exporter that regulates vitamin C supply from blood to the brain. iScience 2022; 25:103642. [PMID: 35106468 PMCID: PMC8786643 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) distribution in our body requires VC transporters. However, mammalian VC exporters are yet to be identified. Herein, to unravel this long-standing mystery, we focused on the pathways whereby VC moves from blood to the brain, which should require a VC entrance and exit system composed of an importer and a latent exporter. Via cell-based transport analyses of VC efflux and using knockout mice generated via the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we identified GLUT12/SLC2A12 as a physiologically important VC efflux protein expressed in the choroid plexus; Glut12/Slc2a12 knockout halved the cerebral VC levels, markedly increased VC accumulation in the choroid plexus, and reduced the cerebrospinal fluid VC levels. These findings facilitate our understanding of VC regulation and the physiological impact of VC in our body. A long-standing mystery in vitamin C handling in mammalians was uncovered GLUT12 was identified as a physiologically important vitamin C efflux protein—VCEP GLUT12 is expressed in the choroid plexus and acts as a vitamin C exporter Glut12 knockout halved the cerebral vitamin C levels in mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yu Toyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hiragi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yu Kubota
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Shigesawa
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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32
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Yanagita T, Ikegaya Y. [Preface]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2022; 157:93. [PMID: 35228451 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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33
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De Havas J, Haggard P, Gomi H, Bestmann S, Ikegaya Y, Hagura N. Evidence that endpoint feedback facilitates intermanual transfer of visuomotor force learning by a cognitive strategy. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:16-26. [PMID: 34879215 PMCID: PMC8794053 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00008.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans continuously adapt their movement to a novel environment by recalibrating their sensorimotor system. Recent evidence, however, shows that explicit planning to compensate for external changes, i.e., a cognitive strategy, can also aid performance. If such a strategy is planned in external space, it should improve performance in an effector-independent manner. We tested this hypothesis by examining whether promoting a cognitive strategy during a visual-force adaptation task performed in one hand can facilitate learning for the opposite hand. Participants rapidly adjusted the height of visual bar on screen to a target level by isometrically exerting force on a handle using their right hand. Visuomotor gain increased during the task and participants learned the increased gain. Visual feedback was continuously provided for one group, whereas for another group only the endpoint of the force trajectory was presented. The latter has been reported to promote cognitive strategy use. We found that endpoint feedback produced stronger intermanual transfer of learning and slower response times than continuous feedback. In a separate experiment, we found evidence that aftereffects are reduced when only endpoint feedback is provided, a finding that has been consistently observed when cognitive strategies are used. The results suggest that intermanual transfer can be facilitated by a cognitive strategy. This indicates that the behavioral observation of intermanual transfer can be achieved either by forming an effector-independent motor representation or by sharing an effector-independent cognitive strategy between the hands. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The causes and consequences of cognitive strategy use are poorly understood. We tested whether a visuomotor task learned in a manner that may promote cognitive strategy use causes greater generalization across effectors. Visual feedback was manipulated to promote cognitive strategy use. Learning consistent with cognitive strategy use for one hand transferred to the unlearned hand. Our result suggests that intermanual transfer can result from a common cognitive strategy used to control both hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack De Havas
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Atsugi, Japan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute for Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroaki Gomi
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Sven Bestmann
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute for Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hagura
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute for Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Hoshi Y, Shibasaki K, Gailly P, Ikegaya Y, Koyama R. Thermosensitive receptors in neural stem cells link stress-induced hyperthermia to impaired neurogenesis via microglial engulfment. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj8080. [PMID: 34826234 PMCID: PMC8626080 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Social stress impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and causes psychiatric disorders such as depression. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of increased body temperature in stress responses; however, whether and how social stress–induced hyperthermia affects hippocampal neurogenesis remains unknown. Here, using transgenic mice in which the thermosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is conditionally knocked out in Nestin-expressing neural stem cells (NSCs), we found that social defeat stress (SDS)–induced hyperthermia activates TRPV4 in NSCs in the dentate gyrus and thereby impairs hippocampal neurogenesis. Specifically, SDS activated TRPV4 in NSCs and induced the externalization of phosphatidylserine in NSCs, which was recognized by the brain-resident macrophage, microglia, and promoted the microglial engulfment of NSCs. SDS-induced impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis was ameliorated by NSC-specific knockout of TRPV4 or pharmacological removal of microglia. Thus, this study reveals a previously unknown role of thermosensitive receptors expressed by NSCs in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hoshi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koji Shibasaki
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Watanabe Y, Okada M, Ikegaya Y. Towards threshold invariance in defining hippocampal ripples. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34678797 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Hippocampal ripples are transient neuronal features observed in high-frequency oscillatory bands of local field potentials (LFPs), and they occur primarily during periods of behavioral immobility and slow-wave sleep. Ripples have been defined based on mathematically engineered features, such as magnitudes, durations, and cycles per event. However, the 'ripple' could vary from laboratory to laboratory because their definition is subject to human bias, including the arbitrary choice of parameters and thresholds. In addition, LFPs are often influenced by myoelectric noise arising from animal movement, making it difficult to distinguish ripples from high-frequency noises. These problems have to be overcome.Approach.We extracted ripple candidates under few constraints and labeled them as binary or stochastic 'true' or 'false' ripples using Gaussian mixed model clustering and a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) in a weakly supervised fashion.Main results.Our automatic method separated ripples and myoelectric noise and was able to detect ripples even when the animals were moving. Moreover, we confirmed that a CNN detected ripples defined by our method. Leave-one-animal-out cross-validation estimated the accuracy, the area under the precision-recall curve, the receiver operating characteristic curve to be 0.88, 0.99 and 0.96, respectively.Significance.Our automatic ripple detection method will reduce time spent on performing laborious experiments and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mami Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Saotome T, Baba A, Shimada N, Endo T, Ikegaya Y, Sawada K. Human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes aligning on flexible gelatin fiber network show contraction and pharmacological responses relevant to human heart. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saotome T, Baba A, Kato E, Joko S, Shimada N, Matsuzaki Y, Endo T, Ikegaya Y, Sekino Y, Sawada K. In vitro cardiac safety evaluation for repurposed COVID-19 drugs by using human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocyte with gelatin fiber scaffold. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021. [PMCID: PMC8483627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Kato E, Hinata Y, Kagawa Y, Kubo H, Taniguchi T, Yoshinaga T, Baba A, Ikegaya Y, Kanda Y, Sawada K. Evaluation of acute and long-term drug effects on contractility at 1 Hz electrical pacing with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac cell sheet-tissues. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
In pharmacological studies conducted on animals over the last four decades, histamine was determined to be a strong modulator of learning and memory. Activation of histamine signaling enhances memory consolidation and retrieval. Even long after learning and forgetting, it can still restore the retrieval of forgotten memories. These findings based on animal studies led to human clinical trials with histamine H3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists, which revealed their positive effects on learning and memory. Therefore, histamine signaling is a promising therapeutic target for improving cognitive impairments in patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. While the memory-modulatory effects of histamine receptor agonists and antagonists have been confirmed by several research groups, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes how the activation and inhibition of histamine signaling influence memory processes, introduces the cellular and circuit mechanisms, and discusses the relationship between the human histaminergic system and learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nomura
- Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Rintaro Shimizume
- Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Konno D, Nishimoto S, Suzuki T, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Multiple states in ongoing neural activity in the rat visual cortex. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256791. [PMID: 34437630 PMCID: PMC8389421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain continuously produces internal activity in the absence of afferently salient sensory input. Spontaneous neural activity is intrinsically defined by circuit structures and associated with the mode of information processing and behavioral responses. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of spontaneous activity in the visual cortices of behaving animals remain almost elusive. Using a custom-made electrode array, we recorded 32-site electrocorticograms in the primary and secondary visual cortex of freely behaving rats and determined the propagation patterns of spontaneous neural activity. Nonlinear dimensionality reduction and unsupervised clustering revealed multiple discrete states of the activity patterns. The activity remained stable in one state and suddenly jumped to another state. The diversity and dynamics of the internally switching cortical states would imply flexibility of neural responses to various external inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Konno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nishimoto
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Morikawa S, Katori K, Takeuchi H, Ikegaya Y. Brain-wide mapping of presynaptic inputs to basolateral amygdala neurons. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3062-3075. [PMID: 33797073 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA), a region critical for emotional processing, is the limbic hub that is connected with various brain regions. BLA neurons are classified into different subtypes that exhibit differential projection patterns and mediate distinct emotional behaviors; however, little is known about their presynaptic input patterns. In this study, we employed projection-specific monosynaptic rabies virus tracing to identify the direct monosynaptic inputs to BLA subtypes. We found that each neuronal subtype receives long-range projection input from specific brain regions. In contrast to their specific axonal projection patterns, all BLA neuronal subtypes exhibited relatively similar input patterns. This anatomical organization supports the idea that the BLA is a central integrator that associates sensory information in different modalities with valence and sends associative information to behaviorally relevant brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Morikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Katori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Social Cooperation Program of Evolutional Chemical Safety Assessment System, LECSAS, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Ogasawara J, Ikenoue S, Yamamoto H, Sato M, Kasuga Y, Mitsukura Y, Ikegaya Y, Yasui M, Tanaka M, Ochiai D. Deep neural network-based classification of cardiotocograms outperformed conventional algorithms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13367. [PMID: 34183748 PMCID: PMC8238938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotocography records fetal heart rates and their temporal relationship to uterine contractions. To identify high risk fetuses, obstetricians inspect cardiotocograms (CTGs) by eye. Therefore, CTG traces are often interpreted differently among obstetricians, resulting in inappropriate interventions. However, few studies have focused on quantitative and nonbiased algorithms for CTG evaluation. In this study, we propose a newly constructed deep neural network model (CTG-net) to detect compromised fetal status. CTG-net consists of three convolutional layers that extract temporal patterns and interrelationships between fetal heart rate and uterine contraction signals. We aimed to classify the abnormal group (umbilical artery pH < 7.20 or Apgar score at 1 min < 7) and the normal group from CTG data. We evaluated the performance of the CTG-net with the F1 score and compared it with conventional algorithms, namely, support vector machine and k-means clustering, and another deep neural network model, long short-term memory. CTG-net showed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73 ± 0.04, which was significantly higher than that of long short-term memory. CTG-net, a quantitative and automated diagnostic aid system, enables early intervention for putatively abnormal fetuses, resulting in a reduction in the number of cases of hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ogasawara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Ikenoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamamoto
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Motoshige Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kasuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasue Mitsukura
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daigo Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Nishimura Y, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Concurrent recordings of hippocampal neuronal spikes and prefrontal synaptic inputs from an awake rat. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100572. [PMID: 34151297 PMCID: PMC8192860 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in neuroscience is linking synapses to cognition and behavior. Here, we developed an experimental technique to concurrently conduct a whole-cell recording of a prefrontal neuron and a multiunit recording of hippocampal neurons from an awake rat. This protocol includes surgical steps to establish a cranial window and 3D printer-based devices to hold the rat. The data sets allow us to directly compare how subthreshold synaptic transmission is associated with suprathreshold spike patterns of neuronal ensembles. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Nishimura et al. (2021). A surgical craniotomy is performed on the prefrontal cortex A microdrive is implanted on the hippocampus A patch-clamp recording is obtained from a prefrontal neuron Protocol allows simultaneous multiunit and whole-cell recordings
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Abstract
Phagocytosis by glial cells has been shown to play an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Microglia are currently considered to be the major phagocytes in the brain parenchyma, and these cells phagocytose a variety of materials, including dead cell debris, abnormally aggregated proteins, and, interestingly, the functional synapses of living neurons. The intracellular signaling mechanisms that regulate microglial phagocytosis have been studied extensively, and several important factors, including molecules known as "find me" signals and "eat me" signals and receptors on microglia that are involved in phagocytosis, have been identified. In addition, recent studies have revealed that astrocytes, which are another major glial cell in the brain parenchyma, also have phagocytic abilities. In this review, we will discuss the roles of microglia and astrocytes in phagocytosis-mediated brain homeostasis, focusing on the characteristics and differences of their phagocytic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Kono
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (R.K.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (R.K.); (Y.I.)
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (R.K.); (Y.I.)
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Gao M, Noguchi A, Ikegaya Y. The subiculum sensitizes retrosplenial cortex layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. J Physiol 2021; 599:3151-3167. [PMID: 33878801 DOI: 10.1113/jp281152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Neurons in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a cerebral region that connects synaptically with various brain regions, are known to increase neuronal activity in accordance with hippocampal sharp wave-ripples. Pyramidal cells in granular RSC (gRSC) layer 2/3, but not layer 5, exhibit slowly ramping depolarization and considerably delayed spikes in response to a step-pulse current injection. The latencies of delayed spikes in RSC layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons were shortened by a preceding current injection. This effect was mimicked by activation of axonal afferents from the subiculum, but not of neocortical afferents. The subiculum is likely to facilitate information processing and flow in the RSC. ABSTRACT The retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a cerebral region involved in diverse cognitive functions, is an anatomical hub that forms monosynaptic connections with various brain areas. Here, we report a unique form of short-term intrinsic plasticity in mouse granular RSC layer 2/3 pyramidal cells. These cells exhibited delayed spikes in response to somatic current injection, but the spike latencies were shortened by a preceding brief depolarization (priming). This priming-induced sensitization is distinct from desensitization, which is commonly observed in other cortical neurons. The facilitatory priming effect lasted for more than 3 s, providing a time window for increased sensitivity to RSC inputs. Based on in vitro and in vivo patch-clamp recordings following optogenetic stimulation of axonal fibres, we found that preactivation of subicular afferents replicated the facilitatory priming effect. The results suggest that subicular inputs to RSC layer 2/3 neurons may modulate subsequent information integration in the RSC layer 2/3 circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Gao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Asako Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Institute of AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Liu J, Kashima T, Morikawa S, Noguchi A, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. Molecular Characterization of Superficial Layers of the Presubiculum During Development. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:662724. [PMID: 34234650 PMCID: PMC8256428 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.662724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presubiculum, a subarea of the parahippocampal region, plays a critical role in spatial navigation and spatial representation. An outstanding aspect of presubicular spatial codes is head-direction selectivity of the firing of excitatory neurons, called head-direction cells. Head-direction selectivity emerges before eye-opening in rodents and is maintained in adulthood through neurophysiological interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Although the presubiculum has been physiologically profiled in terms of spatial representation during development, the histological characteristics of the developing presubiculum are poorly understood. We found that the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) could be used to delimit the superficial layers of the presubiculum, which was identified using an anterograde tracer injected into the anterior thalamic nucleus (ATN). Thus, we immunostained slices from mice ranging in age from neonates to adults using an antibody against VGluT2 to evaluate the VGluT2-positive area, which was identified as the superficial layers of the presubiculum, during development. We also immunostained the slices using antibodies against parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) and found that in the presubicular superficial layers, PV-positive neurons progressively increased in number during development, whereas SOM-positive neurons exhibited no increasing trend. In addition, we observed repeating patch structures in presubicular layer III from postnatal days 12. The abundant expression of VGluT2 suggests that the presubicular superficial layers are regulated primarily by VGluT2-mediated excitatory neurotransmission. Moreover, developmental changes in the densities of PV- and SOM-positive interneurons and the emergence of the VGluT2-positive patch structures during adolescence may be associated with the functional development of spatial codes in the superficial layers of the presubiculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Kashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Morikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Shikano Y, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Minute-encoding neurons in hippocampal-striatal circuits. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1438-1449.e6. [PMID: 33545048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Animals process temporal information in an ever-changing environment, but the neuronal mechanisms of this process, especially on timescales longer than seconds, remain unresolved. Here, we designed a hippocampus-dependent task in which rats prospectively increased their reward-seeking behavior over a duration of minutes. During this timing behavior, hippocampal and striatal neurons represented successive time points on the order of minutes by gradually changing their firing rates and transiently increasing their firing rates at specific time points. These minute-encoding patterns progressively developed as the rats learned a time-reward relationship, and the patterns underwent flexible scaling in parallel with timing behavior. These observations suggest a neuronal basis in the hippocampal-striatal circuits that enables temporal processing and formation of episodic memory on a timescale of minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shikano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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48
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Yamashiro K, Liu J, Matsumoto N, Ikegaya Y. Deep Learning-Based Classification of GAD67-Positive Neurons Without the Immunosignal. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:643067. [PMID: 33867947 PMCID: PMC8044854 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.643067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory neurons and GABAergic interneurons constitute neural circuits and play important roles in information processing. In certain brain regions, such as the neocortex and the hippocampus, there are fewer interneurons than excitatory neurons. Interneurons have been quantified via immunohistochemistry, for example, for GAD67, an isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Additionally, the expression level of other proteins varies among cell types. For example, NeuN, a commonly used marker protein for postmitotic neurons, is expressed differently across brain regions and cell classes. Thus, we asked whether GAD67-immunopositive neurons can be detected using the immunofluorescence signals of NeuN and the fluorescence signals of Nissl substances. To address this question, we stained neurons in layers 2/3 of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the primary motor cortex (M1) of mice and manually labeled the neurons as either cell type using GAD67 immunosignals. We then sought to detect GAD67-positive neurons without GAD67 immunosignals using a custom-made deep learning-based algorithm. Using this deep learning-based model, we succeeded in the binary classification of the neurons using Nissl and NeuN signals without referring to the GAD67 signals. Furthermore, we confirmed that our deep learning-based method surpassed classic machine-learning methods in terms of binary classification performance. Combined with the visualization of the hidden layer of our deep learning algorithm, our model provides a new platform for identifying unbiased criteria for cell-type classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
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Sato Y, Mizuno H, Matsumoto N, Ikegaya Y. Subthreshold membrane potential dynamics of posterior parietal cortical neurons coupled with hippocampal ripples. Physiol Int 2021. [PMID: 33769956 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During behavioral states of immobility, sleep, and anesthesia, the hippocampus generates high-frequency oscillations called ripples. Ripples occur simultaneously with synchronous neuronal activity in the neocortex, known as slow waves, and contribute to memory consolidation. During these ripples, various neocortical regions exhibit modulations in spike rates and local field activity irrespective of whether they receive direct synaptic inputs from the hippocampus. However, little is known about the subthreshold dynamics of the membrane potentials of neocortical neurons during ripples. We patch-clamped layer 2/3 pyramidal cells in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), a neocortical region that is involved in allocentric spatial representation of behavioral exploration and sequential series of relevant action potentials during ripples. We simultaneously monitored the membrane potentials of post hoc-identified PPC neurons and the local field potentials of the hippocampus in anesthetized mice. More than 50% of the recorded PPC neurons exhibited significant depolarizations and/or hyperpolarizations during ripples. Histological inspections of the recorded neurons revealed that the ripple-modulated PPC neurons were distributed in the PPC in a spatially non-biased fashion. These results suggest that hippocampal ripples are widely but selectively associated with the subthreshold dynamics of the membrane potentials of PPC neurons even though there is no monosynaptic connectivity between the hippocampus and the PPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sato
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Mizuno
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Matsumoto
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Ikegaya
- 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- 2Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- 3Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Nishimura Y, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Prefrontal synaptic activation during hippocampal memory reactivation. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108885. [PMID: 33761365 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperative reactivation of hippocampal and prefrontal neurons is considered crucial for mnemonic processes. To directly record synaptic substances supporting the interregional interactions, we develop concurrent spike recordings of hippocampal neuronal ensembles and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of medial prefrontal neurons in awake rats. We find that medial prefrontal neurons depolarize when hippocampal neurons synchronize. The depolarization in medial prefrontal neurons is larger when hippocampal place cells that encoded overlapping place fields and place cells that encoded a novel environment are synchronously reactivated. Our results suggest a functional circuit-synapse association that enables prefrontal neurons to read out specific memory traces from the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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