1
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Ntim S, Sulpizi M. Differential Capacitance of Ionic Liquid Confined between Metallic Interfaces. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1936-1942. [PMID: 38378468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
We present here a detailed analysis of the electric double layer at the gold electrode/[BMIM][BF4] interface using a polarizable model for the electrode, based on our recent approach to include image charges [Geada et al. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 716]. A double bell (camel) shape is obtained for the differential capacitance, where the inclusion of metal polarization allows for a higher density of ions in the double layer, particularly around the maxima, thereby increasing the capacitance. The charging mechanism differs for the positive and negative electrodes, with counterion adsorption prevailing at the anode and co-ion desorption prevailing at the cathode. The charging mechanism is predominantly governed by the BF4 anions, serving as counterions and co-ions at the anode and cathode, respectively. Within the considered range of potentials, only minor changes are observed in the dynamical properties, specifically in the diffusion coefficients. Notably, it is interesting to observe that bulk properties are restored at a shorter distance from the gold surface in the case of the anode compared to the cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ntim
- Insitut für Physik, Johannes Gutenber Universität, Staudingerweg 7, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Insitut für Physik, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
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2
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Tan Z, Li K, Gu Y, Nan Z, Wang W, Sun L, Mao B, Yan J. Unconventional Electrochemical Behaviors of Cu Underpotential Deposition in a Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent: High Underpotential Shift and Low Coverage. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6458-6466. [PMID: 37027511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The (5 × 5) Moiré pattern resulting from coadsorption of Cu atoms and chloride ions on the Au(111) electrode is one of the most classical structures for underpotential deposition (UPD) in electrochemical surface science. Although two models have been proposed to describe the pattern, the details of the structure remain ambiguous and controversial, leading to a question that remains to be answered. In this work, we investigate the UPD behaviors of Cu on the Au(111) electrode in a chloride-based deep eutectic solvent ethaline by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Benefiting from the properties of the ultraconcentrated electrolyte, we directly image not only Cu but also Cl adlayers by finely tuning tunneling conditions. The structure is unambiguously determined for both Cu and Cl adlayers, where an incommensurate Cu layer is adsorbed on the Au(111) surface with a Cu coverage of 0.64, while the Cl coverage is 0.32 (only half of the expected value); i.e., the atomic arrangement of the observed (5 × 5) Moiré pattern in ethaline matches neither of the models proposed in the literature. Meanwhile, STM results confirm the origin of the cathodic peak in the cyclic voltammogram, which indicates that the underpotential shift of Cu UPD in ethaline indeed increases by ca. 0.40 V compared to its counterpart in a sulfuric acid solution, resulting in a significant deviation from the linear relation between the underpotential shift and the difference in work functions proposed in the literature. The unconventional electrochemical behaviors of Cu UPD reveal the specialty of both the bulk and the interface in the chloride-based deep eutectic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ziang Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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3
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Freeman JS, Mamme MH, Ustarroz J, Warr GG, Li H, Atkin R. Molecular Resolution Nanostructure and Dynamics of the Deep Eutectic Solvent-Graphite Interface as a Function of Potential. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204993. [PMID: 36627266 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest in deep eutectic solvents (DESs), particularly for electrochemical applications, has boomed in the past decade because they are more versatile than conventional electrolyte solutions and are low cost, renewable, and non-toxic. The molecular scale lateral nanostructures as a function of potential at the solid-liquid interface-critical design parameters for the use of DESs as electrochemical solvents-are yet to be revealed. In this work, in situ amplitude modulated atomic force microscopy complemented by molecular dynamics simulations is used to probe the Stern and near-surface layers of the archetypal and by far most studied DES, 1:2 choline chloride:urea (reline), at the highly orientated pyrolytic graphite surface as a function of potential, to reveal highly ordered lateral nanostructures with unprecedented molecular resolution. This detail allows identification of choline, chloride, and urea in the Stern layer on graphite, and in some cases their orientations. Images obtained after the potential is switched from negative to positive show the dynamics of the Stern layer response, revealing that several minutes are required to reach equilibrium. These results provide valuable insight into the nanostructure and dynamics of DESs at the solid-liquid interface, with implications for the rational design of DESs for interfacial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Freeman
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Mesfin Haile Mamme
- Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Jon Ustarroz
- Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Chemistry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials (ChemSIN), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Gregory G Warr
- School of Chemistry and University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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4
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Engineering concrete properties and behavior through electrodeposition: a review. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Qi G, Dong Y, Feng Y, Wei J, Han P, Bai X, He B. The effect of thermodynamic changes in the cooling of saline soils on the corrosion system of carbon steels. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28767-28779. [PMID: 36320490 PMCID: PMC9549485 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04889b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this experiment, Q235 and X80 carbon steels, which are widely used in oil and gas pipelines and ancillary facilities, were selected to study the changes in the corrosion behaviour and mechanism of carbon steels in the process of natural saline soil cooling to a freezing state through electrochemical testing. The equivalent circuit model of carbon steel before and after the freezing phase transformation in the soil was determined. Based on the corrosion kinetic parameters and soil thermodynamic changes, the influencing factors of steel corrosion during the cooling process were systematically analysed. It was found that temperature mainly affected carbon steel corrosion by changing the properties of the solution. The main factors affecting the corrosion behaviour of the carbon steel were the thermal motion of molecules, ions, and electrons in solution, oxygen dissolution and diffusion, ion adsorption, diffusion mass transfer, and unfrozen water content change during the cooling process. The corrosion behavior and mechanism of carbon steels during cooling to a freezing state in natural saline soil were studied by an electrochemical test.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qi
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024P. R. China
| | - Yanli Dong
- Civil Engineering School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of ChinaNo. 3 Xueyuan RoadTaiyuan 030051ShanxiP. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Feng
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024P. R. China
| | - Jianjian Wei
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024P. R. China
| | - Pengju Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Bai
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024P. R. China
| | - Bin He
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024P. R. China
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6
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Zhang S, Yu J, Liu Z, Yin Y, Qiao C. Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Current Density on the Anomalous Codeposition of Ternary Fe-Co-Ni Alloy Coatings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6141. [PMID: 36079524 PMCID: PMC9458109 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gradient-structured ternary Fe-Co-Ni alloy coatings electrodeposited on steel substrates at various current densities from chloride baths were numerically and experimentally investigated. The electrodeposition process, considering hydrogen evolution and hydrolysis reaction, was modelled using the finite element method (FEM) and was based on the tertiary current distribution. The experimentally tested coating thickness and elemental contents were used to verify the simulation model. Although there was a deviation between the simulation and experiments, the numerical model was still able to predict the variation trend of the coating thickness and elemental contents. The influence of the current density on the coating characterization was experimentally studied. Due to hydrogen evolution, the coating surface exhibited microcracks. The crack density on the coating surface appeared smaller with increasing applied current density. The XRD patterns showed that the deposited coatings consisted of solid-solution phases α-Fe and γ (Fe, Ni) and the metallic compound Co3Fe7; the current density in the present studied range had a small influence on the phase composition. The grain sizes on the coating surface varied from 15 nm to 20 nm. The microhardness of the deposited coatings ranged from 625 HV to 655 HV. Meanwhile, the average microhardness increased slightly as the current density increased from 5 A/dm2 to 10 A/dm2 and then decreased as the current density further increased. Finally, the degree of anomaly along with the metal ion and hydrogen atom concentrations in the vicinity of the cathodic surface were calculated to investigate the anomalous codeposition behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Zhengda Liu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yanjun Yin
- China North Engine Research Institute Tianjin, Tianjin 300400, China
| | - Chenfeng Qiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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7
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Liang F, Pan G, Wang W, Lu J, Wei X, Ding J, Liu S. Enhanced thermal transport at metal/molten salt interface in nanoconfinement: A molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Schuett FM, Zeller SJ, Eckl MJ, Matzik FM, Heubach MK, Geng T, Hermann JM, Uhl M, Kibler LA, Engstfeld AK, Jacob T. Versatile 3D-Printed Micro-Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22783-22790. [PMID: 34427031 PMCID: PMC8518549 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While numerous reference electrodes suitable for aqueous electrolytes exist, there is no well-defined standard for non-aqueous electrolytes. Furthermore, reference electrodes are often large and do not meet the size requirements for small cells. In this work, we present a simple method for fabricating stable 3D-printed micro-reference electrodes. The prints are made from polyvinylidene fluoride, which is chemically inert in strong acids, bases, and commonly used non-aqueous solvents. We chose six different reference systems based on Ag, Cu, Zn, and Na, including three aqueous and three non-aqueous systems to demonstrate the versatility of the approach. Subsequently, we conducted cyclic voltammetry experiments and measured the potential difference between the aqueous homemade reference electrodes and a commercial Ag/AgCl-electrode. For the non-aqueous reference electrodes, we chose the ferrocene redox couple as an internal standard. From these measurements, we deduced that this new class of micro-reference electrodes is leak-tight and shows a stable electrode potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven J Zeller
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Eckl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix M Matzik
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maren-Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes M Hermann
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert K Engstfeld
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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9
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Schuett FM, Zeller SJ, Eckl MJ, Matzik FM, Heubach M, Geng T, Hermann JM, Uhl M, Kibler LA, Engstfeld AK, Jacob T. Versatile 3D‐Printed Micro‐Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven J. Zeller
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Maximilian J. Eckl
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Felix M. Matzik
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maren‐Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Johannes M. Hermann
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Albert K. Engstfeld
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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10
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Sarwar Ahmad Pandit, Rather MA, Bhat SA, Ingole PP, Bhat MA. Vitamin B12 Plus Graphene Based Bio-Electrocatalyst for Electroreduction of Halocarbons in 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate: A Special Use of the Synergism between Graphene, Ionic Liquid and Vitamin B12. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193521030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Li M, Liu S, Xie L, Yan J, Lagrost C, Wang S, Feng G, Hapiot P, Mao B. Charge Transfer Kinetics at Ag(111) Single Crystal Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interfaces: Dependence on the Cation Alkyl Side Chain Length. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Corinne Lagrost
- Université de Rennes 1 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE), and CNRS, UMR No. 6226 Campus de Beaulieu. Bat 10C 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Guang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Philippe Hapiot
- Université de Rennes 1 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE), and CNRS, UMR No. 6226 Campus de Beaulieu. Bat 10C 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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12
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Al-Masri D, Yunis R, Hollenkamp AF, Doherty CM, Pringle JM. The influence of alkyl chain branching on the properties of pyrrolidinium-based ionic electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18102-18113. [PMID: 32760990 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids and plastic crystals based on pyrrolidinium cations are recognised for their advantageous properties such as high conductivity, low viscosity, and good electrochemical and thermal stability. The pyrrolidinium ring can be substituted with symmetric or asymmetric alkyl chain substituents to form a range of ionic liquids or plastic crystals depending on the anion. However, reports into the use of branched alkyl chains and how this influences the material properties are limited. Here, we report the synthesis of six salts - ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals - where the typically used linear propyl chain substituent is replaced by the branched alternative, isopropyl, to form the cation [C(i3)mpyr]+, in combination with six different anions: dicyanamide, (fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate. The thermal and transport properties of these salts are compared to those of the analogous N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium and N,N-diethylpyrrolidinium-based salts. Finally, a high lithium salt content ionic liquid electrolyte based on the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt was developed. This electrolyte showed high coulombic efficiencies of lithium plating/stripping and high lithium ion transference number, making it a strong candidate for use in lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Al-Masri
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - Ruhamah Yunis
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - Anthony F Hollenkamp
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Energy, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Cara M Doherty
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Manufacturing, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia.
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13
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Cao D, Song Y, Peng J, Ma R, Guo J, Chen J, Li X, Jiang Y, Wang E, Xu L. Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy: Weakly Perturbative Imaging of the Interfacial Water. Front Chem 2019; 7:626. [PMID: 31572715 PMCID: PMC6751248 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of interfacial water, determined by the water-interface interactions, are important for a wide range of applied fields and natural processes, such as water diffusion (Kim et al., 2013), electrochemistry (Markovic, 2013), heterogeneous catalysis (Over et al., 2000), and lubrication (Zilibotti et al., 2013). The precise understanding of water-interface interactions largely relies on the development of atomic-scale experimental techniques (Guo et al., 2014) and computational methods (Hapala et al., 2014b). Scanning probe microscopy has been extensively applied to probe interfacial water in many interdisciplinary fields (Ichii et al., 2012; Shiotari and Sugimoto, 2017; Peng et al., 2018a). In this perspective, we review the recent progress in the noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) imaging and AFM simulation techniques and discuss how the newly developed techniques are applied to study the properties of interfacial water. The nc-AFM with the quadrupole-like CO-terminated tip can achieve ultrahigh-resolution imaging of the interfacial water on different surfaces, trace the reconstruction of H-bonding network and determine the intrinsic structures of the weakly bonded water clusters and even their metastable states. In the end, we present an outlook on the directions of future AFM studies of interfacial water as well as the challenges faced by this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanyun Cao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Peng
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Runze Ma
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Ceramics Division, Songshan Lake Materials Lab, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, China.,School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Limei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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14
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Zhao W, Song W, Cheong LZ, Wang D, Li H, Besenbacher F, Huang F, Shen C. Beyond imaging: Applications of atomic force microscopy for the study of Lithium-ion batteries. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 204:34-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Investigating the M(hkl)| ionic liquid interface by using laser induced temperature jump technique. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Liu S, Peng J, Chen L, Sebastián P, Feliu JM, Yan J, Mao B. In-situ STM and AFM Studies on Electrochemical Interfaces in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Erusappan J, Nachimuthu M, Cheruvary R. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel‐Cell‐Based Amperometric H
2
Sensor with Pulsed Electrodeposited Electrodes Prepared Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Erusappan
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle GroupHomi Bhabha National InstituteIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam 603102 India
| | - Murugesan Nachimuthu
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle GroupIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam 603102 India
| | - Ramesh Cheruvary
- Materials Chemistry & Metal Fuel Cycle GroupIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam 603102 India
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18
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Otero-Mato JM, Montes-Campos H, Cabeza O, Diddens D, Ciach A, Gallego LJ, Varela LM. 3D structure of the electric double layer of ionic liquid-alcohol mixtures at the electrochemical interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30412-30427. [PMID: 30500015 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05632c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixtures of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate with amphiphilic cosolvents, such as methanol and ethanol, nanoconfined between graphene walls are studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations and the results are compared with those of the pure ionic liquid and its mixtures with water confined in the same conditions. We investigate the adsorption of cosolvent molecules at the graphene walls as well as their distribution across the system. The results show that, due to a higher affinity of the polar groups to be close to the anions in combination with the electrostatic and excluded volume interactions, there exists a high tendency of the OH groups to lie close to the anode, inducing small changes in the first cation layer. The orientation of cosolvent molecules is found to be closely related to the alignment of the molecular dipole moment. We also investigate the lateral ionic distribution in the layers close to the electrodes, which shows a structural transition from liquid-like lamellar ordering to solid-like hexagonal patterns as the size of the cosolvent molecules increases leading to smaller position fluctuations of the ions. The dependence of the specific patterns on the nature of the electrodes is also studied. This study strongly suggests that the ionic patterns formed in the first ionic layers next to the charged interfaces are universal since their existence does not crucially depend on the atomic composition of the interfacial material, but only on the net charge density of the considered ionic layer, which significantly changes the ionic mobility in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Otero-Mato
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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19
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Zhang GR, Wolker T, Sandbeck DJS, Munoz M, Mayrhofer KJJ, Cherevko S, Etzold BJM. Tuning the Electrocatalytic Performance of Ionic Liquid Modified Pt Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction via Cationic Chain Engineering. ACS Catal 2018; 8:8244-8254. [PMID: 30221028 PMCID: PMC6135603 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modifying Pt catalysts using hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) has been demonstrated to be a facile approach for boosting the performance of Pt catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This work aims to deepen the understanding and initiate a rational molecular tuning of ILs for improved activity and stability. To this end, Pt/C catalysts were modified using a variety of 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C n C1im][NTf2], n = 2-10) ILs with varying alkyl chain lengths in imidazolium cations, and the electrocatalytic properties (e.g., electrochemically active surface area, catalytic activity, and stability) of the resultant catalysts were systematically investigated. We found that ILs with long cationic chains (C6, C10) efficiently suppressed the formation of nonreactive oxygenated species on Pt; however, at the same time they blocked active Pt sites and led to a lower electrochemically active surface area. It is also disclosed that the catalytic activity strongly correlates with the alkyl chain length of cations, and a distinct dependence of intrinsic activity on the alkyl chain length was identified, with the maximum activity obtained on Pt/C-[C4C1im][NTf2]. The optimum arises from the counterbalance between more efficient suppression of oxygenated species formation on Pt surfaces and more severe passivation of Pt surfaces with elongation of the alkyl chain length in imidazolium cations. Moreover, the presence of an IL can also improve the electrochemical stability of Pt catalysts by suppressing the Pt dissolution, as revealed by combined identical-location transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in situ inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Rong Zhang
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolker
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel J. S. Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Macarena Munoz
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl J. J. Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bastian J. M. Etzold
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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20
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Pache D, Schmid R. Molecular Dynamics Investigation of the Dielectric Decrement of Ion Solutions. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Pache
- Computational Materials Chemistry Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry II; Ruhr University Bochum; Germany
| | - Rochus Schmid
- Computational Materials Chemistry Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry II; Ruhr University Bochum; Germany
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21
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Kiani S, Taherkhani F. Free energy, configurational and nonextensivity of Tsallis entropy with the size and temperature in colloidal silver nanoparticles in [EMim][PF6] ionic liquid. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Hanif S, Oschmann B, Spetter D, Tahir MN, Tremel W, Zentel R. Block copolymers from ionic liquids for the preparation of thin carbonaceous shells. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1693-1701. [PMID: 28904612 PMCID: PMC5564275 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the controlled radical polymerization of an ionic-liquid monomer by RAFT polymerization. This allows the control over the molecular weight of ionic liquid blocks in the range of 8000 and 22000 and of the block-copolymer synthesis. In this work we focus on block copolymers with an anchor block. They can be used to control the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles, which are functionalized thereafter with a block of ionic-liquid polymer. Pyrolysis of these polymer functionalized inorganic nanoparticles leads to TiO2 nanoparticles coated with a thin carbonaceous shell. Such materials may, e.g., be interesting as battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Hanif
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Oschmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dmitri Spetter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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23
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Meshalkin VP, Kolesnikov AV, Milyutina AD, Desyatov AV, Kolesnikov VA. Experimental studies of interfacial phenomena on innovative carbon nanomaterials in aqueous electrolyte solutions. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500817060027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Sitaputra W, Stacchiola D, Wishart JF, Wang F, Sadowski JT. In Situ Probing of Ion Ordering at an Electrified Ionic Liquid/Au Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606357. [PMID: 28498642 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport at the interface of electrodes and ionic liquids is critical for the use of the latter as electrolytes. A room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMMIM TFSI), is investigated in situ under applied bias voltage with a novel method using low-energy electron and photoemission electron microscopy. Changes in photoelectron yield as a function of bias applied to electrodes provide a direct measure of the dynamics of ion reconfiguration and electrostatic responses of the EMMIM TFSI. Long-range and correlated ionic reconfigurations that occur near the electrodes are found to be a function of temperature and thickness, which, in turn, relate to ionic mobility and different configurations for out-of-plane ordering near the electrode interfaces, with a critical transition in ion mobility for films thicker than three monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattaka Sitaputra
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Dario Stacchiola
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - James F Wishart
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jerzy T Sadowski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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25
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Egorova KS, Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Biological Activity of Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Pharmaceutics and Medicine. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7132-7189. [PMID: 28125212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 892] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are remarkable chemical compounds, which find applications in many areas of modern science. Because of their highly tunable nature and exceptional properties, ionic liquids have become essential players in the fields of synthesis and catalysis, extraction, electrochemistry, analytics, biotechnology, etc. Apart from physical and chemical features of ionic liquids, their high biological activity has been attracting significant attention from biochemists, ecologists, and medical scientists. This Review is dedicated to biological activities of ionic liquids, with a special emphasis on their potential employment in pharmaceutics and medicine. The accumulated data on the biological activity of ionic liquids, including their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, are discussed in view of possible applications in drug synthesis and drug delivery systems. Dedicated attention is given to a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquid (API-IL) concept, which suggests using traditional drugs in the form of ionic liquid species. The main aim of this Review is to attract a broad audience of chemical, biological, and medical scientists to study advantages of ionic liquid pharmaceutics. Overall, the discussed data highlight the importance of the research direction defined as "Ioliomics", studies of ions in liquids in modern chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , Stary Petergof 198504, Russia
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26
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Desyatov AV, Kolesnikov VA, Kryukov AY, Milyutina AD, Kolesnikov AV. Investigation of electrochemical behaviour of storage device prototypes with carbon electrodes. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s004057951606004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Zhong Y, Yan J, Li M, Chen L, Mao B. The Electric Double Layer in an Ionic Liquid Incorporated with Water Molecules: Atomic Force Microscopy Force Curve Study. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Miangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
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28
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The electrochemical interface of Ag(111) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid—A combined in-situ scanning probe microscopy and impedance study. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Taherian F, Leroy F, Heim LO, Bonaccurso E, van der Vegt NFA. Mechanism for Asymmetric Nanoscale Electrowetting of an Ionic Liquid on Graphene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:140-150. [PMID: 26652691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrowetting behavior of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) confined between two oppositely charged graphene layers is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. By introducing charges on the surface, counterions are attracted to the surface and co-ions are repelled from it, leading to the reduction of the solid-liquid interfacial free energy and consequently the contact angle. Recently, we have shown that changes in the contact angle upon charging the surface are asymmetric with respect to surface polarity and opposite to the changes in the solid-liquid interfacial free energy. In this work, the asymmetry of the solid-liquid interfacial free energy is shown to originate from differences in structural organization of the ions at the interface, with positively polarized surfaces inducing a more favorable electrostatic arrangement of the ions. Analysis of the liquid structure in the vicinity of the three phase contact line, however, shows that the ion size asymmetry, together with differences in orientational ordering of the cations on oppositely polarized surfaces, instead leads to enhanced spreading on the negatively polarized surfaces, resulting in a corresponding contact angle asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshte Taherian
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frédéric Leroy
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Heim
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elmar Bonaccurso
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico F A van der Vegt
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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30
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Sebastián P, Climent V, Feliu JM. Characterization of the interfaces between Au(hkl) single crystal basal plane electrodes and [Emmim][Tf 2 N] ionic liquid. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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31
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Sengupta A, Murali MS, Mohapatra PK, Iqbal M, Huskens J, Verboom W. An insight into the complexation of UO22+ with diglycolamide-functionalized task specific ionic liquid: Kinetic, cyclic voltammetric, extraction and spectroscopic investigations. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Simons TJ, Pearson AK, Pas SJ, MacFarlane DR. The electrochemical cycling and electrodeposition of lead from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Prediction of refractive indices of ionic liquids – A quantitative structure-property relationship based model. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Bonetti M, Nakamae S, Huang BT, Salez TJ, Wiertel-Gasquet C, Roger M. Thermoelectric energy recovery at ionic-liquid/electrode interface. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:244708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4923199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hayes
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Warr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
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36
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An in situ STM investigation of EMITFSI ionic liquid on Au(111) in the presence of lithium salt. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Li JJ, Bai ML, Chen ZB, Zhou XS, Shi Z, Zhang M, Ding SY, Hou SM, Schwarzacher W, Nichols RJ, Mao BW. Giant Single-Molecule Anisotropic Magnetoresistance at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5923-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja512483y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei-Lin Bai
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Zhejiang
Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | | | | | | | - Shi-Min Hou
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department
of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Walther Schwarzacher
- HH Wills
Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- The
Chemistry Department, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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38
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Wen R, Rahn B, Magnussen OM. Potentialabhängige Struktur und Dynamik molekularer Adschichten an der Grenzfläche zwischen ionischen Flüssigkeiten und Au(111): Eine In-situ-Video-STM-Studie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Wen R, Rahn B, Magnussen OM. Potential-Dependent Adlayer Structure and Dynamics at the Ionic Liquid/Au(111) Interface: A Molecular-Scale In Situ Video-STM Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6062-6. [PMID: 25913869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids are of great current interest for electrochemical applications in material and energy science. Essential for understanding the electrochemical reactivity of these systems are detailed data on the structure and dynamics of the interfaces between these compounds and metal electrodes, which distinctly differ from those in traditional electrolytes. In situ studies are presented of Au(111) electrodes in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSA]) by high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy (video-STM). [BMP][TFSA] is one of the best-understood air and water stable ionic liquids. The measurements provide direct insights into the potential-dependent molecular arrangement and surface dynamics of adsorbed [BMP](+) cations in the innermost layer on the negatively charged Au electrode surface. In particular, two distinct subsequent transitions in the adlayer structure and lateral mobility are observed with decreasing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel (Germany)
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40
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Petrii OA. Electrosynthesis of nanostructures and nanomaterials. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Müller C, Vesztergom S, Pajkossy T, Jacob T. The interface between Au(100) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Hanc-Scherer FA, Montiel MA, Montiel V, Herrero E, Sánchez-Sánchez CM. Surface structured platinum electrodes for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in imidazolium based ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23909-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct CO2 electrochemical reduction on model platinum single crystal electrodes Pt(hkl) is studied in [C2mim+][NTf2−], due to its moderate viscosity, high CO2 solubility and conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin A. Hanc-Scherer
- Babes-Bolyai University
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Miguel A. Montiel
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Vicente Montiel
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Carlos M. Sánchez-Sánchez
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 8235
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques
- Paris
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43
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Vieira L, Schennach R, Gollas B. In situ PM-IRRAS of a glassy carbon electrode/deep eutectic solvent interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12870-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Firstin situPM-IRRAS studies of a carbon electrode/deep eutectic solvent interface show ad- and desorption of electrolyte components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Vieira
- CEST Competence Centre for Electrochemical Surface Technology GmbH
- 2700 Wiener Neustadt
- Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
| | - Robert Schennach
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Bernhard Gollas
- CEST Competence Centre for Electrochemical Surface Technology GmbH
- 2700 Wiener Neustadt
- Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
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44
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Jin W, Liu X, Han Y, Li S, Yan T. Effects of repulsive interaction on the electric double layer of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid by molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:2628-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04853a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Effects of repulsion between BMIM+/PF6− and the graphite electrode on electric double layer was studied by molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal- and Molecular-Based Material Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal- and Molecular-Based Material Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
| | - Yining Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal- and Molecular-Based Material Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
| | - Shu Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal- and Molecular-Based Material Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
| | - Tianying Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal- and Molecular-Based Material Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
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45
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Uhl B, Huang H, Alwast D, Buchner F, Behm RJ. Interaction of ionic liquids with noble metal surfaces: structure formation and stability of [OMIM][TFSA] and [EMIM][TFSA] on Au(111) and Ag(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23816-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03787e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Principles of structure formation and adsorbate–adsorbate interactions in ionic liquid adlayers on metal surfaces were investigated in a comparative STM study on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Uhl
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
| | - Hsinhui Huang
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
| | - Dorothea Alwast
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
| | - Florian Buchner
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
| | - R. Jürgen Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
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46
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Egorova KS, Seitkalieva MM, Posvyatenko AV, Ananikov VP. An unexpected increase of toxicity of amino acid-containing ionic liquids. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the structure of cations and anions on the biological activity of ionic liquids is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S. Egorova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- 119991 Russia
| | - Marina M. Seitkalieva
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- 119991 Russia
| | - Alexandra V. Posvyatenko
- Institute of Gene Biology
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- 119334 Russia
- D. Rogachev Federal Scientific Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- 119991 Russia
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47
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Zhong YX, Yan JW, Li MG, Zhang X, He DW, Mao BW. Resolving Fine Structures of the Electric Double Layer of Electrochemical Interfaces in Ionic Liquids with an AFM Tip Modification Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14682-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508222m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xin Zhong
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Wei Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mian-Gang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ding-Wen He
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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48
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Anderson E, Grozovski V, Siinor L, Siimenson C, Lust E. In situ STM studies of Bi(111)|1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate+1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide interface. Electrochem commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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49
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Sha M, Dou Q, Luo F, Zhu G, Wu G. Molecular insights into the electric double layers of ionic liquids on Au(100) electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:12556-12565. [PMID: 25046476 DOI: 10.1021/am502413m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The electric double layer structure and differential capacitance of single crystalline Au(100) electrodes in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Results show strong adsorption on the electrode surface. The potential of zero charge (pzc) and maxima of differential capacitance are strongly dependent on the adsorption layer structure. At potentials near the pzc, cations and anions adjacent to the electrode surface are coadsorbed on the same screening layer. This strong adsorption layer results in overscreening effects on the compact layer and induces both a bell-shaped differential capacitance curve and a positive pzc. Moreover, the potential required for transition from overscreening to overcrowding is about 4.0 V. This transition potential may be attributed to the higher interaction energy between the Au(100) electrode and ions compared with the binding energy in our cation-anion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University , Hefei 230061, China
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50
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Measurements of the potential of zero charge in room temperature ionic liquids at Ag electrode by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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