1
|
Ahsan A, Fayyaz F, Sarfaraz S, Hamid MHS, Keasberry NA, Ayub K, Sheikh NS. A three orders of magnitude increase in nonlinear optical response by external electric field on Cryptand[2.2.2] (C222) based alkaline earthides. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17610. [PMID: 37455946 PMCID: PMC10338364 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of alkaline earthides based on Cryptand [2.2.2] (C222) containing nine complexes is designed by carefully placing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals inside and outside the C222 complexant, respectively i.e., M1(C222)M2 (M1 = Li, Na, K; M2 = Be, Mg, Ca). The designed complexes are reasonably stable both electronically and thermodynamically, as revealed through their vertical ionization potentials (VIPs) and interaction energies, respectively. Moreover, the true alkaline earthide nature of the complexes is confirmed through NBO and FMO analyses showing the negative charges and HOMOs over the alkaline earth metals, respectively. The further validity of true earthide characteristic is represented graphically by the spectra of partial density of states (PDOS). HOMO-LUMO gaps of the compounds are also very small (from 2.23 to 2.83 eV) when compared with pure cage's (C222) H-L gap i.e., 5.63 eV. All these features award these complexes with very small values of transition energies (ΔE) ranging from 0.68 to 2.06 eV ultimately resulting in remarkably high hyperpolarizability values up to 2.7 × 105 au (for Na+(C222)Mg-). Furthermore, applying external electric field (EEF) on the complexes enhances hyperpolarizability further. A remarkable increase of 1000 folds has been seen when hyperpolarizability of K+(C222)Ca- is calculated after EEF application i.e., from 8.79 × 104 au to 2.48 × 107 au; when subjected to 0.001 au external electric field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annum Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Fayyaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Sarfaraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Malai Haniti S.A. Hamid
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Natasha A. Keasberry
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alkhalifah MA, Sheikh NS, Al-Faiyz YSS, Bayach I, Ludwig R, Ayub K. Rational Design, Stabilities and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Non-Conventional Transition Metalides; New Entry into Nonlinear Optical Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093447. [PMID: 37176328 PMCID: PMC10180138 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Electronic and nonlinear optical properties of endohedral metallofullerenes are presented. The endohedral metallofullerenes contain transition metal encapsulated in inorganic fullerenes X12Y12 (X = B, Al & Y = N, P). The endohedral metallofullerenes (endo-TM@X12Y12) possess quite interesting geometric and electronic properties, which are the function of the nature of the atom and the size of fullerene. NBO charge and frontier molecular orbital analyses reveal that the transition metal encapsulated Al12N12 fullerenes (endo-TM@Al12N12) are true metalides when the transition metals are Ni, Cu and Zn. Endo-Cr@Al12N12 and endo-Co@Al12N12 are at the borderline between metalides and electrides with predominantly electride characteristics. The other members of the series are excess electron systems, which offer interesting electronic and nonlinear optical properties. The diversity of nature possessed by endo-TM@Al12N12 is not prevalent for other fullerenes. Endo-TM@Al12P12 are true metalides when the transition metals are (Cr-Zn). HOMO-LUMO gaps (EH-L) are reduced significantly for these endohedral metallofullerenes, with a maximum percent decrease in EH-L of up to 70%. Many complexes show odd-even oscillating behavior for EH-L and dipole moments. Odd electron species contain large dipole moments and small EH-L, whereas even electron systems have the opposite behavior. Despite the decrease in EH-L, these systems show high kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities. The encapsulation of transition metals is a highly exergonic process. These endo-TM@X12Y12 possess remarkable nonlinear optical response in which the first hyperpolarizability reaches up to 2.79 × 105 au for endo-V@Al12N12. This study helps in the comparative analysis of the potential nonlinear optical responses of electrides, metalides and other excess electron systems. In general, the potential nonlinear optical response of electrides is higher than metalides but lower than those of simple excess electron compounds. The higher non-linear optical response and interesting electronic characteristics of endo-TM@Al12N12 complexes may be promising contenders for potential NLO applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Alkhalifah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem S Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Yasair S S Al-Faiyz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imene Bayach
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Straße 27, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, KPK, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li XH, Cheng X, Wang WL, Yu D, Ni BL, Sun WM. Alkali-Metal-Free Coinage Metalides: Specific Pairing and Location of Doping Atoms Bring Forth High Stability and Considerable Nonlinear Optical Response. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hui Li
- Medical Technology and Engineering College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350004, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian350007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Lu Wang
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350108, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pandey SK, Arunan E, Das R, Roy A, Mishra AK. Recent advances in in silico design and characterization of superalkali-based materials and their potential applications: A review. Front Chem 2022; 10:1019166. [PMID: 36419589 PMCID: PMC9676666 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1019166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the advancement of novel materials, chemistry plays a vital role in developing the realm where we survive. Superalkalis are a group of clusters/molecules having lower ionization potentials (IPs) than that of the cesium atom (3.89 eV) and thus, show excellent reducing properties. However, the chemical industry and material science both heavily rely on such reducing substances; an in silico approach-based design and characterization of superalkalis have been the focus of ongoing studies in this area along with their potential applications. However, although superalkalis have been substantially sophisticated materials over the past couple of decades, there is still room for enumeration of the recent progress going on in various interesting species using computational experiments. In this review, the recent developments in designing/modeling and characterization (theoretically) of a variety of superalkali-based materials have been summarized along with their potential applications. Theoretically acquired properties of some novel superalkali cations (Li3 +) and C6Li6 species, etc. for capturing and storing CO2/N2 molecules have been unveiled in this report. Additionally, this report unravels the first-order polarizability-based nonlinear optical (NLO) response features of numerous computationally designed novel superalkali-based materials, for instance, fullerene-like mixed-superalkali-doped B12N12 and B12P12 nanoclusters with good UV transparency and mixed-valent superalkali-based CaN3Ca (a high-sensitivity alkali-earth-based aromatic multi-state NLO molecular switch, and lead-founded halide perovskites designed by incorporating superalkalis, supersalts, and so on) which can indeed be used as a new kind of electronic nanodevice used in designing hi-tech NLO materials. Understanding the mere interactions of alkalides in the gas and liquid phases and the potential to influence how such systems can be extended and applied in the future are also highlighted in this survey. In addition to offering an overview of this research area, it is expected that this review will also provide new insights into the possibility of expanding both the experimental synthesis and the practical use of superalkalis and their related species. Superalkalis present the intriguing possibility of acting as cutting-edge construction blocks of nanomaterials with highly modifiable features that may be utilized for a wide-ranging prospective application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Elangannan Arunan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ratnesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Atish Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arunesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang B, Cheng Z, Hou J. The electronic structures and nonlinear optical properties of Alkali and Alkali earth metal atoms doped C6H6Cl6: A density functional theoretical study. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 116:108263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
6
|
Sun WM, Cheng X, Wang WL, Li XH. Designing Magnetic Superalkalis with Extremely Large Nonlinear Optical Responses. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Sun
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Lu Wang
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hui Li
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye YL, Pan KY, Ni BL, Sun WM. Designing Special Nonmetallic Superalkalis Based on a Cage-like Adamanzane Complexant. Front Chem 2022; 10:853160. [PMID: 35360533 PMCID: PMC8963935 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.853160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, to examine the possibility of using cage-like complexants to design nonmetallic superalkalis, a series of X@36adz (X = H, B, C, N, O, F, and Si) complexes have been constructed and investigated by embedding nonmetallic atoms into the 36adamanzane (36adz) complexant. Although X atoms possess very high ionization energies, these resulting X@36adz complexes possess low adiabatic ionization energies (AIEs) of 0.78–5.28 eV. In particular, the adiabatic ionization energies (AIEs) of X@36adz (X = H, B, C, N, and Si) are even lower than the ionization energy (3.89 eV) of Cs atoms, and thus, can be classified as novel nonmetallic superalkalis. Moreover, due to the existence of diffuse excess electrons in B@36adz, this complex not only possesses pretty low AIE of 2.16 eV but also exhibits a remarkably large first hyperpolarizability (β0) of 1.35 × 106 au, indicating that it can also be considered as a new kind of nonlinear optical molecule. As a result, this study provides an effective approach to achieve new metal-free species with an excellent reducing capability by utilizing the cage-like organic complexants as building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai-Yun Pan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Ming Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun WM, Cheng X, Ye YL, Li XH, Ni BL. On the Possibility of Using Aza-Cryptands to Design Superalkalis. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Sun
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, the School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, the School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Ye
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, the School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hui Li
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, the School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oxacarbon superalkali C3X3Y3 (X = O, S and Y = Li, Na, K) clusters as excess electron compounds for remarkable static and dynamic NLO response. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 106:107922. [PMID: 33984815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An intriguing class of excess electron oxacarbon superalkali clusters is explored for nonlinear optical response through density functional theory (DFT) methods at CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). These superalkali clusters shows noticeable binding energies per atom (Eb) which reveals their thermodynamic stabilities (-86.45 ∼ -119.44 kcal mol-1). The obtained significant VIPs values also suggest the electronic stability of these clusters. The VIP values range from 2.06 eV to 3.42 eV. These clusters show remarkable electronic properties and their HOMO-LUMO gaps (EH-L) are significantly reduced. The lowest H-L gap of 0.96 eV is obtained for C3O3K3 while the highest H-L gap of 2.07 eV is calculated for C3S3Li3. The obtained PDOS spectra further provide evidence for the superior electronic properties of these clusters. The clusters show excellent nonlinear optical properties as revealed from remarkable values (1.6 × 106 au) of static first hyperpolarizability. The controlling factors for hyperpolarizability are also explored by using conventional two-level model. The calculated values of βo are correlated nicely with βtl. The crucial excitation energy is the key factor in controlling the first hyperpolarizability. In these excess electron clusters, the second hyperpolarizability (γo) response increases up to 4.3 × 109 au. Moreover, the calculated scattering hyperpolarizability (βHRS) values are quite significant in these clusters and the highest value of 1.3 × 106 au is calculated for C3S3K3. Additionally, these clusters also possess larger dynamic nonlinearities. The dynamic second hyperpolarizability with dc-Kerr effect increases up to 1.0 × 1011 au. The remarkable values for refractive index (n2) also suggest the excellent nonlinearity of these superalkali clusters.
Collapse
|
10
|
Khaliq F, Mahmood T, Ayub K, Tabassum S, Gilani MA. Exploring Li4N and Li4O superalkalis as efficient dopants for the Al12N12 nanocage to design high performance nonlinear optical materials with high thermodynamic stability. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
11
|
Xue D, Wu D, Chen Z, Li Y, Sun W, Liu J, Li Z. On Close Parallels between the Zintl-Based Superatom Ge9Be and Chalcogen Elements. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3196-3206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duomei Xue
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Zeren Chen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - WeiMing Sun
- Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jingyao Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Zhiru Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang XL, Zhang L, Ye YL, Li XH, Ni BL, Li Y, Sun WM. On the Role of Alkali-Metal-Like Superatom Al 12 P in Reduction and Conversion of Carbon Dioxide. Chemistry 2020; 27:1039-1045. [PMID: 32969553 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing efficient catalysts for the conversion of CO2 into fuels and value-added chemicals is of great significance to relieve the growing energy crisis and global warming. With the assistance of DFT calculations, it was found that, different from Al12 X (X=Be, Al, and C), the alkali-metal-like superatom Al12 P prefers to combine with CO2 via a bidentate double oxygen coordination, yielding a stable Al12 P(η2 -O2 C) complex containing an activated radical anion of CO2 (i.e., CO2 .- ). Thereby, this compound could not only participate in the subsequent cycloaddition reaction with propylene oxide but also initiate the radical reaction with hydrogen gas to form high-value chemicals, revealing that Al12 P can play an important role in catalyzing these conversion reactions. Considering that Al12 P has been produced in laboratory and is capable of absorbing visible light to drive the activation and transformation of CO2 , it is anticipated that this work could guide the discovery of additional superatom catalysts for CO2 transformation and open up a new research field of superatom catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China.,The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China.,The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China.,The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hui Li
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China.,The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sikorska C, Gaston N. N 4Mg 6M (M = Li, Na, K) superalkalis for CO 2 activation. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:144301. [PMID: 33086817 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Superatoms have exciting properties, including diverse functionalization, redox activity, and magnetic ordering, so the resulting cluster-assembled solids hold the promise of high tunability, atomic precision, and robust architectures. By utilizing adamantane-like clusters as building blocks, a new class of superatoms N4Mg6M (M = Li, Na, K) is proposed here. The studied superalkalis feature low adiabatic ionization energies, an antibonding character in the interactions between magnesium and nitrogen atoms, and highly delocalized highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Consequently, the N4Mg6M superalkalis might easily lose their HOMO electrons when interacting with superhalogen electrophiles to form stable superatom [superalkali]+[superhalogen]- compounds. Moreover, the studied superalkalis interact strongly with carbon dioxide, and the resulting N4Mg6M/CO2 systems represent two strongly interacting ionic fragments (i.e., N4Mg6M+ and CO2 -). In turn, the electron affinity of the N2 molecule (of -1.8 eV) is substantially lower than that observed for carbon dioxide (EA = -0.6 eV) and consequently, the N2 was found to form the weakly bound [N4Mg6M][N2] complex rather than the desired ionic [N4Mg6M]+[N2]- product. Thus, the N4Mg6M superalkalis have high selectivity over N2 when it comes to CO2 reduction and also are themselves stable. We believe that the results described within this paper will be useful for understanding CO2 activation, which is the first step for producing fuels from CO2. Moreover, we demonstrate that designing novel superatomic systems and exploring their physicochemical features might be used to create desirable functional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celina Sikorska
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Gaston
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang XL, Zhang L, Chen JH, Li CY, Sun WM. On the Interaction between Superatom Al 12Be and DNA Nucleobases/Base Pairs: Bonding Nature and Potential Applications in O 2 Activation and CO Oxidation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15325-15334. [PMID: 32637806 PMCID: PMC7331033 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between quasi-chalcogen superatom Al12Be and DNA nucleobases/base pairs has been explored by searching for the most stable Al12Be-X (X = DNA bases and base pairs) complexes. Our results reveal that Al12Be prefers to combine with guanine by two Al-O and Al-N bonds rather than the other DNA bases, no matter in free state or base pair. The formed Al-N and Al-O bonds between Al12Be and DNA bases proved to be strong polar covalent bonds by the Wiberg bond index, nature bond orbitals, atoms in molecules theory, localized molecular orbitals, and electron localization functions analyses. More importantly, it is found that the formed global minimum of Al12Be-G has the ability to activate an oxygen molecule into a peroxide dianion 1O2 2-, which can further catalyze the CO oxidation via the Eley-Rideal mechanism with a small energy barrier of 7.78 kcal/mol. We hope that this study could not only provide an in-depth understanding on the intermolecular interaction between metallic superatoms and DNA at the molecular level but also attract more interest in designing and synthesizing superatom-based heterogeneous catalysts with DNA/nucleobases as basic building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hua Chen
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- The
School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional
Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li XH, Zhang XL, Chen QH, Zhang L, Chen JH, Wu D, Sun WM, Li ZR. Coinage metalides: a new class of excess electron compounds with high stability and large nonlinear optical responses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8476-8484. [PMID: 32285081 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06894e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of using coinage metal atoms as excess electron acceptors is examined for the first time by designing a new class of M+-1-M'- (M = Li, Na, and K; M' = Cu, Ag, and Au) compounds termed "coinage metalides" on the basis of an intriguing Janus-type all-cis1,2,3,4,5,6-hexafluorocyclohexane (1) molecule. Under the large facial polarization of 1, the outermost ns1 electrons of alkali metal atoms can be transferred to coinage metal atoms, forming diffuse excess electrons around them. Consequently, the resulting M+-1-Cu- and M+-1-Ag- compounds exhibit significantly large nonlinear optical (NLO) responses. In particular, these novel M+-1-M'- compounds exhibit much higher stability (larger VIEs and Ec values) than that of the corresponding M+·1·M'- (M, M' = Li, Na, and K) alkalides. We hope this work could open up new possibilities for NLO material design by using coinage metal atoms as excess electron acceptors and, on the other hand, attract more experimental interest and efforts to synthesize such stable compounds in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hui Li
- Medical Technology and Engineering College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li XH, Zhang L, Zhang XL, Ni BL, Li CY, Sun WM. Designing a new class of excess electron compounds with unique electronic structures and extremely large non-linear optical responses. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00896f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New Ca+-1-M′− (M′ = Li, Na, and K) compounds with typical alkalide features and electride-like characteristics have been obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hui Li
- Medical Technology and Engineering College
- Fujian Medical University
- Fuzhou 350004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research
- The School of Pharmacy
- Fujian Medical University
- Fuzhou 350108
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research
- The School of Pharmacy
- Fujian Medical University
- Fuzhou 350108
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research
- The School of Pharmacy
- Fujian Medical University
- Fuzhou 350108
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research
- The School of Pharmacy
- Fujian Medical University
- Fuzhou 350108
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research
- The School of Pharmacy
- Fujian Medical University
- Fuzhou 350108
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Extremely large nonlinear optical response and excellent electronic stability of true alkaline earthides based on hexaammine complexant. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Sun WM, Wu D. Recent Progress on the Design, Characterization, and Application of Superalkalis. Chemistry 2019; 25:9568-9579. [PMID: 31025432 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Superalkalis are clusters or molecules featuring lower ionization energies (IEs) than that of cesium atoms, and thus exhibit excellent reducing properties. Such special species have great potential to be used in the synthesis of unusual charge-transfer salts and cluster-assembled nanomaterials with tailored properties, in the reduction of carbon dioxide, or as hydrogen storage materials and noble-gas-trapping agents, etc. In this regard, ongoing efforts have been devoted to designing and characterizing superalkalis of new types. The recent progress on the study of superalkalis in terms of theoretical design, characterization, and potential application is summarized in this minireview. We hope this review will not only provide a broad overview of this research field, but also highlight the prospect of further extending the experimental synthesis and practical application of superalkalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Sun
- Department of Basic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun W, Zhang X, Pan K, Chen J, Wu D, Li C, Li Y, Li Z. On the Possibility of Using the Jellium Model as a Guide To Design Bimetallic Superalkali Cations. Chemistry 2019; 25:4358-4366. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Ming Sun
- The School of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Ling Zhang
- The School of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Kai‐Yun Pan
- The School of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Jing‐Hua Chen
- The School of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Chun‐Yan Li
- The School of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Zhi‐Ru Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li X, Lu J. Giant enhancement of electronic polarizability and the first hyperpolarizability of fluoride-decorated graphene versus graphyne and graphdiyne: insights from ab initio calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13165-13175. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An effective strategy based on the adsorption of alkali-metal fluorides on graphene, graphyne, and graphdiyne is presented for exploring the strong electro-optical properties, which are correlated with the TDDFT two-level model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- School of Science
- Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Xi’an 710121
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology
- Baotou 014010
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alkaline-earthide: A new class of excess electron compounds Li-C6H6F6-M (M = Be, Mg and Ca) with extremely large nonlinear optical responses. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Arshad Y, Khan S, Hashmi MA, Ayub K. Transition metal doping: a new and effective approach for remarkably high nonlinear optical response in aluminum nitride nanocages. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04971d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NLO response of early transition metal (Sc)-doped aluminum nitride nanocages is comparable to those of their alkali-metal-doped analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Arshad
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad 22060
- Pakistan
| | - Saima Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad 22060
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Hashmi
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences (SCPS)
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington
- New Zealand
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad 22060
- Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A comparative theoretical study on the electrical and nonlinear optical properties of Li atom adsorbed on AlN and BN single-walled nanotubes. J Mol Model 2017; 23:286. [PMID: 28942475 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The geometrical structures, electrical properties, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of AlNNT-Li and BNNT-Li nanotube systems were investigated by means of the density functional theory (DFT) method. Frontier molecular orbitals and density of states analyses show that adsorption of the Li atom can significantly narrow the wide HOMO-LUMO gaps of pure AlNNT and BNNT. The results reveal that AlNNT-Li and BNNT-Li systems containing diffuse excess electrons can be regarded as inorganic electrides. The formation of diffuse excess electrons leads to a decrease in transition energies, thereby increasing the first hyperpolarizabilities (β 0) of AlNNT-Li and BNNT-Li. This work may contribute to the development of potential high-performance NLO materials. Graphical abstract The structural characteristics and nonlinear optical properties of the AlNNT-Li and BNNT-Li systems were studied by means of density functional theory. Introduction of Li atoms greatly enhances the static first hyperpolarizabilities of AlNNT-Li and BNNT-Li.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun WM, Ni BL, Wu D, Lan JM, Li CY, Li Y, Li ZR. Designing Alkalides with Considerable Nonlinear Optical Responses and High Stability Based on the Facially Polarized Janus all-cis-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexafluorocyclohexane. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Sun
- The
Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- The
Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Lan
- The
Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- The
Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ru Li
- Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun WM, Li XH, Wu J, Lan JM, Li CY, Wu D, Li Y, Li ZR. Can Coinage Metal Atoms Be Capable of Serving as an Excess Electron Source of Alkalides with Considerable Nonlinear Optical Responses? Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4595-4601. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Sun
- The Department of
Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hui Li
- Medical
Technology and Engineering College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Medical
Technology and Engineering College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Lan
- The Department of
Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- The Department of
Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ru Li
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|