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Burguera S, Bauzá A, Frontera A. A novel approach for estimating the strength of argentophilic and aurophilic interactions using QTAIM parameters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16550-16560. [PMID: 38829286 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Metallophilic interactions, specifically argentophilic (Ag⋯Ag) and aurophilic (Au⋯Au) interactions, play a crucial role in stabilizing various molecular and solid-state structures. In this manuscript, we present a convenient method to estimate the strength of argentophilic and aurophilic interactions based on quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) parameters evaluated at the bond critical points connecting the metal centres. We employ density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the QTAIM parameters to develop this energy predictor. To validate the reliability and applicability of our method, we test it using a selection of X-ray crystal structures extracted from the cambridge structural database (CSD), where argentophilic and aurophilic interactions are known to be significant in their solid-state arrangements. This method offers a distinct advantage in systems where multiple interactions, beyond metallophilic interactions, contribute to the overall stability of the structure. By employing our approach, researchers can distinctly quantify the strength of argentophilic and aurophilic interactions, facilitating a deeper understanding of their impact on molecular and solid-state properties. This method fills a critical gap in the existing literature, offering a valuable tool to researchers seeking to unravel the intricate interactions in metal-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Burguera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain.
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain.
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2
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Lu T, Chen R, Liu Q, Zhong Y, Lei F, Zeng Z. Unveiling the Nature and Strength of Selenium-Centered Chalcogen Bonds in Binary Complexes of SeO 2 with Oxygen-/Sulfur-Containing Lewis Bases: Insights from Theoretical Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5609. [PMID: 38891796 PMCID: PMC11171880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Among various non-covalent interactions, selenium-centered chalcogen bonds (SeChBs) have garnered considerable attention in recent years as a result of their important contributions to crystal engineering, organocatalysis, molecular recognition, materials science, and biological systems. Herein, we systematically investigated π-hole-type Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs in the binary complexes of SeO2 with a series of O-/S-containing Lewis bases by means of high-level ab initio computations. The results demonstrate that there exists an attractive interaction between the Se atom of SeO2 and the O/S atom of Lewis bases. The interaction energies computed at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level range from -4.68 kcal/mol to -10.83 kcal/mol for the Se∙∙∙O chalcogen-bonded complexes and vary between -3.53 kcal/mol and -13.77 kcal/mol for the Se∙∙∙S chalcogen-bonded complexes. The Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs exhibit a relatively short binding distance in comparison to the sum of the van der Waals radii of two chalcogen atoms. The Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs in all of the studied complexes show significant strength and a closed-shell nature, with a partially covalent character in most cases. Furthermore, the strength of these Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs generally surpasses that of the C/O-H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds within the same complex. It should be noted that additional C/O-H∙∙∙O interactions have a large effect on the geometric structures and strength of Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs. Two subunits are connected together mainly via the orbital interaction between the lone pair of O/S atoms in the Lewis bases and the BD*(OSe) anti-bonding orbital of SeO2, except for the SeO2∙∙∙HCSOH complex. The electrostatic component emerges as the largest attractive contributor for stabilizing the examined complexes, with significant contributions from induction and dispersion components as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fengying Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.L.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.L.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
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3
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Gomila RM, Frontera A. On the Existence of Pnictogen Bonding Interactions in As(III) S-Adenosylmethionine Methyltransferase Enzymes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400081. [PMID: 38407495 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferases, pivotal enzymes in arsenic metabolism, facilitate the methylation of arsenic up to three times. This process predominantly yields trivalent mono- and dimethylarsenite, with trimethylarsine forming in smaller amounts. While this enzyme acts as a detoxifier in microbial systems by altering As(III), in humans, it paradoxically generates more toxic and potentially carcinogenic methylated arsenic species. The strong affinity of As(III) for cysteine residues, forming As(III)-thiolate bonds, is exploited in medical treatments, notably in arsenic trioxide (Trisenox®), an FDA-approved drug for leukemia. The effectiveness of this drug is partly due to its interaction with cysteine residues, leading to the breakdown of key oncogenic fusion proteins. In this study, we extend the understanding of As(III)'s binding mechanisms, showing that, in addition to As(III)-S covalent bonds, noncovalent O⋅⋅⋅As pnictogen bonding plays a vital role. This interaction significantly contributes to the structural stability of the As(III) complexes. Our crystallographic analysis using the PDB database of As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferases, augmented by comprehensive theoretical studies including molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, emphasizes the critical role of pnictogen bonding in these systems. We also undertake a detailed evaluation of the energy characteristics of these pnictogen bonds using various theoretical models. To our knowledge, this is the first time pnictogen bonds in As(III) derivatives have been reported in biological systems, marking a significant advancement in our understanding of arsenic's molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Gomila
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
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4
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Islam AS, Pramanik S, Mondal S, Ghosh R, Ghosh P. Selective recognition and extraction of iodide from pure water by a tripodal selenoimidazol(ium)-based chalcogen bonding receptor. iScience 2024; 27:108917. [PMID: 38327780 PMCID: PMC10847689 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A selenium-based tripodal chalcogen bond (ChB) donor TPI-3Se is demonstrated for the recognition and extraction of I- from 100% water medium. NMR and ITC studies with the halides reveal that the ChB donor selectively binds with the large, weakly hydrated I-. Interestingly, I- crystallizes out selectively in the presence of other halides supporting the superiority of the selective recognition of I-. The X-ray structure of the ChB-iodide complex manifests both the μ1 and μ2 coordinated interactions, which is rare in the C-Se···I chalcogen bonding. Furthermore, to validate the selective I- binding potency of TPI-3Se in pure water, comparisons are made with its hydrogen and halogen bond donor analogs. The computational analysis also provides the mode of I- recognition by TPI-3Se. Importantly, this receptor is capable of extracting I- from pure water through selenium sigma-hole and I- interaction with a high degree of efficiency (∼70%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu S.M. Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sourav Pramanik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sahidul Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rajib Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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5
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Beccaria R, Dhaka A, Calabrese M, Pizzi A, Frontera A, Resnati G. Chalcogen and Hydrogen Bond Team up in Driving Anion⋅⋅⋅Anion Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303641. [PMID: 38019113 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
H-selenite anions (HSeO3 - ) form in the solid unprecedented anionic supramolecular chains wherein single units are assembled via alternating short Se⋅⋅⋅O and H⋅⋅⋅O contacts. Crystallographic analyses and computational studies (the quantum theory of "atoms-in-molecules", QTAIM, and the noncovalent interaction plot, NCIPlot) consistently prove the attractive nature of these chalcogen bonds (ChBs) and hydrogen honds (HBs), the Janus-type character of HSeO3 - anions which act as both donors and acceptors of ChB and HB, and the possible stability of anion dimers in solution. The effectiveness of the ChBs herein described may lead to consider the HSeO3 - moiety as a new entry in the toolbox of crystal engineering based on ChB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Beccaria
- NFMLab, Dept. Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Arun Dhaka
- NFMLab, Dept. Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Calabrese
- NFMLab, Dept. Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Pizzi
- NFMLab, Dept. Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Dept. Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- NFMLab, Dept. Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milano, Italy
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6
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Aragoni MC, Podda E, Chaudhary S, Bhasin AKK, Bhasin KK, Coles SJ, Orton JB, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Pintus A, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Arca M. An Experimental and Theoretical Insight into I 2 /Br 2 Oxidation of Bis(pyridin-2-yl)Diselane and Ditellane. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300836. [PMID: 37843415 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity between bis(pyridin-2-yl)diselane o Py2 Se2 and ditellane o Py2 Te2 (L1 and L2, respectively; o Py=pyridyn-2-yl) and I2 /Br2 is discussed. Single-crystal structure analysis revealed that the reaction of L1 with I2 yielded [(HL1+ )(I- )⋅5/2I2 ]∞ (1) in which monoprotonated cations HL1+ template a self-assembled infinite pseudo-cubic polyiodide 3D-network, while the reaction with Br2 yielded the dibromide Ho PySeII Br2 (2). The oxidation of L2 with I2 and Br2 yielded the compounds Ho PyTeII I2 (3) and Ho PyTeIV Br4 (6), respectively, whose structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. FT-Raman spectroscopy measurements are consistent with a 3c-4e description of all the X-Ch-X three-body systems (Ch=Se, Te; X=Br, I) in compounds 2, 3, Ho PyTeII Br2 (5), and 6. The structural and spectroscopic observations are supported by extensive theoretical calculations carried out at the DFT level that were employed to study the electronic structure of the investigated compounds, the thermodynamic aspects of their formation, and the role of noncovalent σ-hole halogen and chalcogen bonds in the X⋅⋅⋅X, X⋅⋅⋅Ch and Ch⋅⋅⋅Ch interactions evidenced structurally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca (CeSAR), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Savita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aman K K Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry, Amity University, Sector 82 A, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Kuldip K Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - James B Orton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Francesco Isaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - J Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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7
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Lang L, Frontera A, Perez A, Bauzá A. Computational Study of Driving Forces in ATSP, PDIQ, and P53 Peptide Binding: C═O···C═O Tetrel Bonding Interactions at Work. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:3018-3029. [PMID: 37014944 PMCID: PMC10207270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular interactions that drive peptide folding is crucial to chemistry and biology. In this study, we analyzed the role of CO···CO tetrel bonding (TtB) interactions in the folding mechanism of three different peptides (ATSP, pDIQ, and p53), which exhibit a different propensity to fold in an α helix motif. To achieve this goal, we used both a recently developed Bayesian inference approach (MELDxMD) and Quantum Mechanics (QM) calculations at the RI-MP2/def2-TZVP level of theory. These techniques allowed us to study the folding process and to evaluate the strength of the CO···CO TtBs as well as the synergies between TtBs and hydrogen-bonding (HB) interactions. We believe that the results derived from our study will be helpful for those scientists working in computational biology, peptide chemistry, and structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Lang
- Chemistry
Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Baleares, Spain
| | - Alberto Perez
- Chemistry
Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Baleares, Spain
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8
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Calabrese M, Pizzi A, Daolio A, Frontera A, Resnati G. σ-Hole interactions in organometallic catalysts: the case of methyltrioxorhenium(VII). Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1030-1035. [PMID: 36602028 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03819f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methyltrioxorhenium(VII) (MTO) is a widely employed catalyst for metathesis, olefination, and most importantly, oxidation reactions. It is often preferred to other oxometal complexes due to its stability in air and higher efficiency. The seminal papers of K. B. Sharpless showed that when pyridine derivatives are used as co-catalysts, MTO-catalyzed olefin epoxidation with H2O2 as oxidant, a particularly useful reaction, is accelerated, with pyridine speeding up catalytic turnover and increasing the lifetime of MTO under the reaction conditions. In this paper, combined experimental and theoretical results show that the occurrence of σ-hole interactions in catalytic systems extends to MTO. Four crystalline adducts between MTO and aliphatic and heteroaromatic bases are obtained, and their X-ray analyses display short Re⋯N/O contacts opposite to both O-Re and C-Re covalent bonds with geometries consistent with σ-hole interactions. Computational analyses support the attractive nature of these close contacts and confirm that their features are typical of σ-hole interactions. The understanding of the nature of Re⋯N/O interactions may help to optimize the ligand-acceleration effect of pyridine in the epoxidation of olefins under MTO catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Calabrese
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pizzi
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Daolio
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
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Chalcogen Bond as a Factor Stabilizing Ligand Conformation in the Binding Pocket of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Receptor Mimic. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213701. [PMID: 36430173 PMCID: PMC9691181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is postulated that the overexpression of Carbonic Anhydrase isozyme IX in some cancers contributes to the acidification of the extracellular matrix. It was proved that this promotes the growth and metastasis of the tumor. These observations have made Carbonic Anhydrase IX an attractive drug target. In the light of the findings and importance of the glycoprotein in the cancer treatment, we have employed quantum-chemical approaches to study non-covalent interactions in the binding pocket. As a ligand, the acetazolamide (AZM) molecule was chosen, being known as a potential inhibitor exhibiting anticancer properties. First-Principles Molecular Dynamics was performed to study the chalcogen and other non-covalent interactions in the AZM ligand and its complexes with amino acids forming the binding site. Based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and post-Hartree-Fock methods, the metric and electronic structure parameters were described. The Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) index and Atoms in Molecules (AIM) methods were applied for qualitative/quantitative analyses of the non-covalent interactions. Finally, the AZM-binding pocket interaction energy decomposition was carried out. Chalcogen bonding in the AZM molecule is an important factor stabilizing the preferred conformation. Free energy mapping via metadynamics and Path Integral molecular dynamics confirmed the significance of the chalcogen bond in structuring the conformational flexibility of the systems. The developed models are useful in the design of new inhibitors with desired pharmacological properties.
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10
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Formation of C60-SnI4 Adducts. Insights of the role of σ-hole and Tetrel-bonding in the Strength and Interaction Nature from DFT calculations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Leherte L, Bodart L, Wouters J, Vercauteren DP. Description of non-covalent interactions in benzyl chalcocyanate crystals from smoothed Cromer-Mann electron density distribution functions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:494003. [PMID: 36223781 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac99c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A well-known method to characterize non-covalent interactions consists in the topological analysis of electron density distribution (EDD) functions, complemented by the search for minima in the reduced density gradient (RDG) distributions. Here, we characterize intermolecular interactions occurring in crystals of benzyl chalcocyanate compounds through bond critical points (BCP) of the promolecular electron density (ED) built from the crystallographic Cromer-Mann parameters, at several smoothing levelst. The trajectories formed by thet-dependent BCP locations are interpreted in terms of the intermolecular interactions occurring within the crystal arrangements. Chalcogen…nitro BCPs are clearly present in the unsmoothed EDDs but are annihilated astincreases, while chalcogen…chalcogen BCPs appear and are among the only BCPs left at the highest smoothing level. The chalcogen bonds are differentiated from the other chalcogen interactions through the linear chalcogen…BCP…nitro geometry at low smoothing level and their more negative Laplacian values. The annihilation of CPs can be followed by the apparition of a RDG minimum, associated with a very weak interaction. Along the BCP trajectories, the Laplacian shows a progressive concentration of the ED in the intermolecular space within the crystals and adopts the most negative values at the shortest atom…atom separations. At the termination point of a BCP trajectory, the drastic increase of the ellipticity value illustrates the flattening of the EDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Leherte
- Laboratory of Structural Biological Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), NAmur MEdicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Laurie Bodart
- Laboratory of Structural Biological Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), NAmur MEdicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Laboratory of Structural Biological Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), NAmur MEdicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Daniel P Vercauteren
- Laboratory of Structural Biological Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), NAmur MEdicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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12
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Aragoni MC, Cherchi MF, Lippolis V, Pintus A, Podda E, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Arca M. Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Architectures Driven by σ-Hole Interactions: A Halogen-Bonded 2D Network Based on a Diiminedibromido Gold(III) Complex and Tribromide Building Blocks. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196289. [PMID: 36234826 PMCID: PMC9571214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of the complex [Au(phen)Br2](PF6) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) with molecular dibromine afforded {[Au(phen)Br2](Br3)}∞ (1). Single crystal diffraction analysis showed that the [Au(phen)Br2]+ complex cations were bridged by asymmetric tribromide anions to form infinite zig-zag chains featuring the motif ···Au–Br···Br–Br–Br···Au–Br···Br–Br–Br···. The complex cation played an unprecedented halogen bonding (XB) donor role engaging type-I and type-II XB noncovalent interactions of comparable strength with symmetry related [Br3]− anions. A network of hydrogen bonds connects parallel chains in an infinite 2D network, contributing to the layered supramolecular architecture. DFT calculations allowed clarification of the nature of the XB interactions, showing the interplay between orbital mixing, analyzed at the NBO level, and electrostatic contribution, explored based on the molecular potential energy (MEP) maps of the interacting synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - M. Francesca Cherchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca (CeSAR), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Romito D, Fresta E, Cavinato LM, Kählig H, Amenitsch H, Caputo L, Chen Y, Samorì P, Charlier J, Costa RD, Bonifazi D. Supramolecular Chalcogen-Bonded Semiconducting Nanoribbons at Work in Lighting Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202137. [PMID: 35274798 PMCID: PMC9544418 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the design and synthesis of a π-conjugated telluro[3,2-β][1]-tellurophene-based synthon that, embodying pyridyl and haloaryl chalcogen-bonding acceptors, self-assembles into nanoribbons through chalcogen bonds. The ribbons π-stack in a multi-layered architecture both in single crystals and thin films. Theoretical studies of the electronic states of chalcogen-bonded material showed the presence of a local charge density between Te and N atoms. OTFT-based charge transport measurements showed hole-transport properties for this material. Its integration as a p-type semiconductor in multi-layered CuI -based light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) led to a 10-fold increase in stability (38 h vs. 3 h) compared to single-layered devices. Finally, using the reference tellurotellurophene congener bearing a C-H group instead of the pyridyl N atom, a herringbone solid-state assembly is formed without charge transport features, resulting in LECs with poor stabilities (<1 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Romito
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Elisa Fresta
- Technical University of MunichChair of Biogenic Functional MaterialsSchulgasse 2294315StraubingGermany
| | - Luca M. Cavinato
- Technical University of MunichChair of Biogenic Functional MaterialsSchulgasse 2294315StraubingGermany
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Graz University of TechnologyInstitute for Inorganic ChemistryStremayergasse 9/V8010GrazAustria
| | - Laura Caputo
- Institute of Condensed Matter and NanosciencesUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)Chemin des étoiles 81348Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Jean‐Christophe Charlier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and NanosciencesUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)Chemin des étoiles 81348Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- Technical University of MunichChair of Biogenic Functional MaterialsSchulgasse 2294315StraubingGermany
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
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14
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Zhang L, Zeng Y, Li X, Zhang X. Noncovalent interactions between benzochalcogenadiazoles and nitrogen bases. J Mol Model 2022; 28:248. [PMID: 35932432 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study has been carried out on the intermolecular interactions between tetrafluoro-benzochalcogenadiazoles (chalcogen = S, Se, Te) and a series of nitrogen bases (FCN, ClCN, NP, trans-N2H2, pyridine, pyrazole, imidazole) at the B97-D3/def2-TZVP level, to obtain a better insight into the nature and strength of Ch···N chalcogen bond and secondary interaction in the binary and 1:2 ternary complexes. The dispersion force plays a prominent role on the stability of the sulfur complexes, and the electrostatic effect enhanced for the heavier chalcogen complexes. Most of intermolecular bonds display the characters of closed-shell and noncovalent interaction. For the complexes involving pyridine and imidazole, chalcogen bond is stronger than hydrogen bond, while the strength of chalcogen bond is equivalent to the secondary interaction for other complexes. With the addition of nitrogen base in the 1:2 complexes, chalcogen bond is weakened, while the secondary interaction remains unchanged. In the 1:2 complexes formed by pyridine and imidazole, stronger chalcogen bond results in larger negative cooperativity than that of other complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China.
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15
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García-Santos I, Castiñeiras A, Mahmoudi G, Babashkina MG, Zangrando E, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Safin DA. Supramolecular aggregation of lead(II) perchlorate and a thiosemicarbazide derivative linked by a myriad of non-covalent interactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Towards Anion Recognition and Precipitation with Water-Soluble 1,2,4-Selenodiazolium Salts: Combined Structural and Theoretical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126372. [PMID: 35742815 PMCID: PMC9224156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of a series of supramolecular complexes of bicyclic cationic pyridine-fused 1,2,4-selenodiazoles with various anions is reported. The binding of trifluoroacetate, tetrachloroaurate, tetraphenylborate, perrhenate, and pertechnetate anions in the solid state is regarded. All the anions interact with selenodiazolium cations exclusively via a pair of “chelating” Se⋯O and H⋯O non-covalent interactions, which make them an attractive, novel, non-classical supramolecular recognition unit or a synthon. Trifluoroacetate salts were conveniently generated via novel oxidation reaction of 2,2′-dipyridyl diselenide with bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)benzene in the presence of corresponding nitriles. Isolation and structural characterization of transient 2-pyridylselenyl trifluoroacetate was achieved. X-ray analysis has demonstrated that the latter forms dimers in the solid state featuring very short and strong Se⋯O and Se⋯N ChB contacts. 1,2,4-Selenodiazolium trifluoroacetates or halides show good solubility in water. In contrast, (AuCl4)−, (ReO4)−, or (TcO4)− derivatives immediately precipitate from aqueous solutions. Structural features of these supramolecular complexes in the solid state are discussed. The nature and energies of the non-covalent interactions in novel assembles were studied by the theoretical methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that regards perrhenate and pertechnetate as acceptors in ChB interactions. The results presented here will be useful for further developments in anion recognition and precipitation involving cationic 1,2,4-selenodiazoles.
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17
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Varadwaj A, Varadwaj PR, Marques HM, Yamashita K. The Pnictogen Bond: The Covalently Bound Arsenic Atom in Molecular Entities in Crystals as a Pnictogen Bond Donor. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113421. [PMID: 35684359 PMCID: PMC9181914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In chemical systems, the arsenic-centered pnictogen bond, or simply the arsenic bond, occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between the electrophilic region associated with a covalently or coordinately bound arsenic atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophile in another or the same molecular entity. It is the third member of the family of pnictogen bonds formed by the third atom of the pnictogen family, Group 15 of the periodic table, and is an inter- or intramolecular noncovalent interaction. In this overview, we present several illustrative crystal structures deposited into the Cambridge Structure Database (CSD) and the Inorganic Chemistry Structural Database (ICSD) during the last and current centuries to demonstrate that the arsenic atom in molecular entities has a significant ability to act as an electrophilic agent to make an attractive engagement with nucleophiles when in close vicinity, thereby forming σ-hole or π-hole interactions, and hence driving (in part, at least) the overall stability of the system’s crystalline phase. This overview does not include results from theoretical simulations reported by others as none of them address the signatory details of As-centered pnictogen bonds. Rather, we aimed at highlighting the interaction modes of arsenic-centered σ- and π-holes in the rationale design of crystal lattices to demonstrate that such interactions are abundant in crystalline materials, but care has to be taken to identify them as is usually done with the much more widely known noncovalent interactions in chemical systems, halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding. We also demonstrate that As-centered pnictogen bonds are usually accompanied by other primary and secondary interactions, which reinforce their occurrence and strength in most of the crystal structures illustrated. A statistical analysis of structures deposited into the CSD was performed for each interaction type As···D (D = N, O, S, Se, Te, F, Cl, Br, I, arene’s π system), thus providing insight into the typical nature of As···D interaction distances and ∠R–As···D bond angles of these interactions in crystals, where R is the remainder of the molecular entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (P.R.V.)
| | - Pradeep R. Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (P.R.V.)
| | - Helder M. Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Koichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
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18
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Metal Coordination Enhances Chalcogen Bonds: CSD Survey and Theoretical Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084188. [PMID: 35457005 PMCID: PMC9030556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the ability of metal coordinated Chalcogen (Ch) atoms to undergo Chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions has been evaluated at the PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. An initial CSD (Cambridge Structural Database) inspection revealed the presence of square planar Pd/Pt coordination complexes where divalent Ch atoms (Se/Te) were used as ligands. Interestingly, the coordination to the metal center enhanced the σ-hole donor ability of the Ch atom, which participates in ChBs with neighboring units present in the X-ray crystal structure, therefore dictating the solid state architecture. The X-ray analyses were complemented with a computational study (PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory), which shed light into the strength and directionality of the ChBs studied herein. Owing to the new possibilities that metal coordination offers to enhance or modulate the σ-hole donor ability of Chs, we believe that the findings presented herein are of remarkable importance for supramolecular chemists as well as for those scientists working in the field of solid state chemistry.
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19
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Romito D, Fresta E, Cavinato LM, Kählig H, Amenitsch H, Caputo L, Chen Y, Samorì P, Charlier JC, Costa R, Bonifazi D. Supramolecular Chalcogen‐Bonded Semiconducting Nanoribbons at work in Lighting Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Romito
- University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry: Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Chemie Organic Chemistry Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
| | - Elisa Fresta
- Technical University Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing GERMANY
| | - Luca Maria Cavinato
- Technical University of Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing GERMANY
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry: Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Chemie Organic Chemistry Währinger Straße 38 1090 vienna AUSTRIA
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Stremayergasse 9/V 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
| | - Laura Caputo
- UCLouvain Saint-Louis Bruxelles: Universite Saint-Louis - Bruxelles Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Chemin des étoiles 8 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Universite de Strasbourg CNRS, ISIS 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg FRANCE
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Universite de Strasbourg CNRS, ISIS 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg FRANCE
| | - Jean-Christophe Charlier
- UCLouvain Saint-Louis Bruxelles: Universite Saint-Louis - Bruxelles Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Chemin des étoiles 8 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM
| | - Rubén Costa
- Technical University of Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing GERMANY
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry: Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Chemie Institute of Organic Chemistry Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
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20
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Roeleveld JJ, Ehlers AW, Mooibroek TJ. Computational Evaluation of Me 2 TCCP as Lewis Acid. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2099-2106. [PMID: 34318574 PMCID: PMC8596889 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular adducts between dimethyl-2,2,3,3-tetracyanocyclopropane (Me2 TCCP) with 21 small (polar) molecules and 10 anions were computed with DFT (B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP). Their optimized geometries were used to obtain interaction energies, and perform energy decomposition and 'atoms-in-molecules' analyses. A set of 38 other adducts were also evaluated for comparison purposes. Selected examples were further scrutinized by inspection of the molecular electrostatic potential maps, Noncovalent Interaction index plots, the Laplacian, the orbital interactions, and by estimating the Gibbs free energy of complexation in hexane solution. These calculations divulge the thermodynamic feasibility of Me2 TCCP adducts and show that complexation is typically driven by dispersion with less polarized partners, but by orbital interactions when more polarized or anionic guests are deployed. Most Me2 TCCP adducts are more stable than simple hydrogen bonding with water, but less stable than traditional Lewis adducts involving Me3 B, or a strong halogen bond such as with Br2 . Several bonding analyses showed that the locus of interaction is found near the electron poor sp3 -hydridized (NC)2 C-C(CN)2 carbon atoms. An empty hybrid σ*/π* orbital on Me2 TCCP was identified that can be held responsible for the stability of the most stable adducts due to donor-acceptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius J. Roeleveld
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Wolfgang Ehlers
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tiddo Jonathan Mooibroek
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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21
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Núñez-Franco R, Jiménez-Osés G, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cabrera-Escribano F, Franconetti A. Unveiling the role of pyrylium frameworks on π-stacking interactions: a combined ab initio and experimental study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:1965-1973. [PMID: 34633001 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary study is presented to shed light on how pyrylium frameworks, as π-hole donors, establish π-π interactions. The combination of CSD analysis, computational modelling (ab intitio, DFT and MD simulations) and experimental NMR spectroscopy data provides essential information on the key parameters that characterize these intereactions, opening new avenues for further applications of this versatile heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Núñez-Franco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Spain. .,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Spain. .,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Francisca Cabrera-Escribano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Franconetti
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Spain.
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22
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Piña MDLN, Frontera A, Bauza A. Charge Assisted S/Se Chalcogen Bonds in SAM Riboswitches: A Combined PDB and ab Initio Study. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1701-1708. [PMID: 34427431 PMCID: PMC8525861 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In this study, we provide experimental
(Protein Data Bank (PDB)
inspection) and theoretical (RI-MP2/def2-TZVP level of theory) evidence
of the involvement of charge assisted chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions
in the recognition and folding mechanisms of S-adenosylmethionine
(SAM) riboswitches. Concretely, an initial PDB search revealed several
examples where ChBs between S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)/adenosyl selenomethionine
(EEM) molecules and uracil (U) bases belonging to RNA take place.
While these interactions are usually described as a merely Coulombic
attraction between the positively charged S/Se group and RNA, theoretical
calculations indicated that the σ holes of S and Se are involved.
Moreover, computational models shed light on the strength and directionality
properties of the interaction, which was also further characterized
from a charge-density perspective using Bader’s “Atoms
in Molecules” (AIM) theory, Non-Covalent Interaction plot (NCIplot)
visual index, and Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) analyses. As far as
our knowledge extends, this is the first time that ChBs in SAM–RNA
complexes have been systematically analyzed, and we believe the results
might be useful for scientists working in the field of RNA engineering
and chemical biology as well as to increase the visibility of the
interaction among the biological community.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de las Nieves Piña
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Antonio Bauza
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
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23
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Daolio A, Pizzi A, Calabrese M, Terraneo G, Bordignon S, Frontera A, Resnati G. Molecular Electrostatic Potential and Noncovalent Interactions in Derivatives of Group 8 Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20723-20727. [PMID: 34260810 PMCID: PMC8519081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports experimental and theoretical evidences of σ‐hole interactions in adducts between nitrogen or oxygen nucleophiles and tetroxides of osmium or other group 8 elements. Cocrystals between pyridine or pyridine N‐oxide derivatives and osmium tetroxide are characterized through various techniques and rationalized as σ‐hole interactions using DFT calculations and several other computational tools. We propose the term “osme bond” (OmB, Om=Fe, Ru, Os, (Hs)) for naming the noncovalent interactions wherein group 8 elements have the role of the electrophile. The word osme is the transcription of ὀσμή, the ancient Greek word for smell that was used to name the heaviest group 8 element in relation to the smoky odor of its tetroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Daolio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Pizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma, de Mallorca (Baleares, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
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24
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Silva RAL, da Silva Filho DA, Moberg ME, Pappenfus TM, Janzen DE. Halogen Interactions in Halogenated Oxindoles: Crystallographic and Computational Investigations of Intermolecular Interactions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185487. [PMID: 34576963 PMCID: PMC8464904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray structural determinations and computational studies were used to investigate halogen interactions in two halogenated oxindoles. Comparative analyses of the interaction energy and the interaction properties were carried out for Br···Br, C-H···Br, C-H···O and N-H···O interactions. Employing Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2) and density functional theory (DFT), the basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrected interaction energy (Eint(BSSE)) was determined using a supramolecular approach. The Eint(BSSE) results were compared with interaction energies obtained by Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM)-based methods. Reduced Density Gradient (RDG), QTAIM and Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations provided insight into possible pathways for the intermolecular interactions examined. Comparative analysis employing the electron density at the bond critical points (BCP) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) showed that the interaction energies and the relative orientations of the monomers in the dimers may in part be understood in light of charge redistribution in these two compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Lemos Silva
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.A.L.S.); (D.A.d.S.F.)
| | - Demetrio A. da Silva Filho
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.A.L.S.); (D.A.d.S.F.)
- International Center for Condensed Matter Physics, University of Brasilia, CP 04455, Brasilia 70919-970, Brazil
| | - Megan E. Moberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA;
| | - Ted M. Pappenfus
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USA;
| | - Daron E. Janzen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Daolio A, Pizzi A, Calabrese M, Terraneo G, Bordignon S, Frontera A, Resnati G. Molecular Electrostatic Potential and Noncovalent Interactions in Derivatives of Group 8 Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Daolio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Pizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Miriam Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | | | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares Spain
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
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26
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Naghani FF, Emamian S, Zare K. Exploring influence of fluorine substitution on the strength and nature of halogen bond between iodobenzene and hydrogen cyanide. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeedreza Emamian
- Chemistry Department, Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad University Shahrood Iran
| | - Karim Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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27
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Pineda NR, Piquini PC. Using topological analysis of the electron density to study a geometry-electronic structure relationship in M (d5–10)…O and E…O (E = Se,Te) compounds. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Baykov SV, Geyl KK, Ivanov DM, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Kukushkin VY. Azine Steric Hindrances Switch Halogen Bonding to N-Arylation upon Interplay with σ-Hole Donating Haloarenenitriles. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1445-1455. [PMID: 33844884 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An interplay between 4-bromo- and 4-iodo-5-nitrophthalonitriles (XNPN, X=Br or I) and any one of the azines (pyridine 1, 4-dimethylaminopyridine 2, isoquinoline 3, 4-cyanopyridine 4, 2-methylpyridine 5, 2-aminopyridine 6, quinoline 7, 1-methylisoquinoline 8, and 2,2'-bipyridine 9) proceeds differently depending on steric and electronic effects of the heterocycles. Sterically unhindered azines 1-3 underwent N-arylation to give the corresponding azinium salts (characterized by 1 H and 13 C{H} NMR and high-resolution ESI-MS). In contrast, azines 4-9 with sterically hindered N atoms or bearing an electron-withdrawing substituent, form stable co-crystals with XNPN, where two interacting molecules are bound by halogen bonding. In all obtained co-crystals, X⋅⋅⋅N structure-directed halogen bonds were recognized and theoretically evaluated including DFT calculations (PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory), QTAIM analysis, molecular electrostatic potential surfaces, and noncovalent interaction plot index. Estimated energies of halogen bonding vary from -7.6 kcal/mol (for 6 ⋅ INPN) to -11.4 kcal/mol (5 ⋅ INPN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill K Geyl
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Daniil M Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Rosa M Gomila
- Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Vadim Y Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Crystal Engineering of Functional Materials, South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Av., Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation
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29
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de Azevedo Santos L, Ramalho TC, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM. Chalcogen bonds: Hierarchical ab initio benchmark and density functional theory performance study. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:688-698. [PMID: 33543482 PMCID: PMC7986859 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a hierarchical ab initio benchmark and DFT performance study of D2 Ch•••A- chalcogen bonds (Ch = S, Se; D, A = F, Cl). The ab initio benchmark study is based on a series of ZORA-relativistic quantum chemical methods [HF, MP2, CCSD, CCSD(T)], and all-electron relativistically contracted variants of Karlsruhe basis sets (ZORA-def2-SVP, ZORA-def2-TZVPP, ZORA-def2-QZVPP) with and without diffuse functions. The highest-level ZORA-CCSD(T)/ma-ZORA-def2-QZVPP counterpoise-corrected complexation energies (ΔECPC ) are converged within 1.1-3.4 kcal mol-1 and 1.5-3.1 kcal mol-1 with respect to the method and basis set, respectively. Next, we used the ZORA-CCSD(T)/ma-ZORA-def2-QZVPP (ΔECPC ) as reference data for analyzing the performance of 13 different ZORA-relativistic DFT approaches in combination with the Slater-type QZ4P basis set. We find that the three-best performing functionals are M06-2X, B3LYP, and M06, with mean absolute errors (MAE) of 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 kcal mol-1 , respectively. The MAE for BLYP-D3(BJ) and PBE amount to 8.5 and 9.3 kcal mol-1 , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Azevedo Santos
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural SciencesFederal University of LavrasLavrasBrazil
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural SciencesFederal University of LavrasLavrasBrazil
- Center for Basic and Applied ResearchUniversity Hradec KraloveHradec KraloveCzech Republic
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenNetherlands
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30
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Kuznetsov ML. Strength of the [Z-I···Hal] - and [Z-Hal···I] - Halogen Bonds: Electron Density Properties and Halogen Bond Length as Estimators of Interaction Energy. Molecules 2021; 26:2083. [PMID: 33916483 PMCID: PMC8038634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bond energy is the main characteristic of chemical bonds in general and of non-covalent interactions in particular. Simple methods of express estimates of the interaction energy, Eint, using relationships between Eint and a property which is easily accessible from experiment is of great importance for the characterization of non-covalent interactions. In this work, practically important relationships between Eint and electron density, its Laplacian, curvature, potential, kinetic, and total energy densities at the bond critical point as well as bond length were derived for the structures of the [Z-I···Hal]- and [Z-Hal···I]- types bearing halogen bonds and involving iodine as interacting atom(s) (totally 412 structures). The mean absolute deviations for the correlations found were 2.06-4.76 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim L. Kuznetsov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; ; Tel.: +351-218-419-236
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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31
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Medviediev VV, Daszkiewicz M. Intermolecular interactions in 2-methyl-3-nitroanilinium nitrate, sulphate and dihydrogen phosphate in a view of topological approach and vibrational spectra. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Bondarenko MA, Novikov AS, Abramov PA, Sakhapov IF, Sokolov MN, Adonin SA. 2,3,4,5-Tetraiodopyrrole as a building block for halogen bonding: Formation of supramolecular hybrids with organic iodide salts in solid state. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Muñoz-Castro A, Wang G, Ponduru TT, Dias HVR. Synthesis and characterization of N-heterocyclic carbene-MOEt 2 complexes (M = Cu, Ag, Au). Analysis of solvated auxiliary-ligand free [(NHC)M] + species. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1577-1583. [PMID: 33406199 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization and computational analysis of coinage metal-ether complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), SIPr and Et2CAAC. The related water adducts are also included. The [(NHC)M]+(M = Cu, Ag, Au) species show the noteworthy ability to bind Et2O and H2O. This interaction towards Et2O and H2O is partly ascribed to a σ-hole bonding with an almost linear disposition, taking advantage of the enhanced σ-hole potential evaluated for such [(NHC)M]+ species. This enhanced ability is larger than those found for non-covalent interactions involving main group species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
| | - Tharun Teja Ponduru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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34
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Mooibroek TJ. DFT and IsoStar Analyses to Assess the Utility of σ- and π-Hole Interactions for Crystal Engineering. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:141-153. [PMID: 33241585 PMCID: PMC7898519 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The interpretation of 36 charge neutral 'contact pairs' from the IsoStar database was supported by DFT calculations of model molecules 1-12, and bimolecular adducts thereof. The 'central groups' are σ-hole donors (H2 O and aromatic C-I), π-hole donors (R-C(O)Me, R-NO2 and R-C6 F5 ) and for comparison R-C6 H5 (R=any group or atom). The 'contact groups' are hydrogen bond donors X-H (X=N, O, S, or R2 C, or R3 C) and lone-pair containing fragments (R3 C-F, R-C≡N and R2 C=O). Nearly all the IsoStar distributions follow expectations based on the electrostatic potential of the 'central-' and 'contact group'. Interaction energies (ΔEBSSE ) are dominated by electrostatics (particularly between two polarized molecules) or dispersion (especially in case of large contact area). Orbital interactions never dominate, but could be significant (∼30 %) and of the n/π→σ*/π* kind. The largest degree of directionality in the IsoStar plots was typically observed for adducts more stable than ΔEBSSE ≈-4 kcal⋅mol-1 , which can be seen as a benchmark-value for the utility of an interaction in crystal engineering. This benchmark could be met with all the σ- and π-hole donors studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiddo Jonathan Mooibroek
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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35
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Ahmed MN, Madni M, Anjum S, Andleeb S, Hameed S, Khan AM, Ashfaq M, Tahir MN, Gil DM, Frontera A. Crystal engineering with pyrazolyl-thiazole derivatives: structure-directing role of π-stacking and σ-hole interactions. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00256b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The structure-directing role of a variety of noncovalent interactions in the solid state of pyrazolyl-thiazole derivatives has been analyzed energetically using DFT calculations and by means of Hirshfeld surface analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Muzaffarabad
- 13100 Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Madni
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Shaista Anjum
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Muzaffarabad
- 13100 Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Andleeb
- Department of Zoology
- The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Muzaffarabad
- 13100 Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hameed
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majeed Khan
- Research Laboratory of Bioenergy
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology
- Karachi-75300
- Pakistan
| | | | | | - Diego M. Gil
- INBIOFAL (CONICET – UNT)
- Instituto de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- Química y Farmacia
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Quimica
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
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36
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Mahmoudi G, Kubicki M, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Miroslaw B, Alexandrov EV, Zolotarev PN, Frontera A, Safin DA. Supramolecular architectures of Mn(NCS)2 complexes with N'-(1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethylidene)picolinohydrazide and N'-(phenyl(pyridin-4-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Gurbanov AV, Kuznetsov ML, Mahmudov KT, Pombeiro AJL, Resnati G. Resonance Assisted Chalcogen Bonding as a New Synthon in the Design of Dyes. Chemistry 2020; 26:14833-14837. [PMID: 32567710 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular chalcogen bonding in arylhydrazones of sulfamethizole is strengthened by conjugation in the π-system of a noncovalent five-membered ring. The S⋅⋅⋅O distance in the sulfamethizole moiety of these compounds ranges from 2.698(3) to 2.806(15) Å, which indicates its strong dependence on the attached arylhydrazone fragments. Information on the nature of the intramolecular chalcogen bond was afforded by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atash V Gurbanov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az, 1148, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Maxim L Kuznetsov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kamran T Mahmudov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az, 1148, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Armando J L Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
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38
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Abstract
The question as to whether the F atom can engage in a halogen bond (XB) remains unsettled. This issue is addressed via density functional theory calculations which pair a wide range of organic and inorganic F-acids with various sorts of Lewis bases. From an energetic perspective, perfluorinated hydrocarbons with sp, sp2, or sp3 C-hybridization are unable to form an XB with an N-base, but a very weak bond can be formed if electron-withdrawing C≡N substituents are added to the acid. There is little improvement for inorganic acids O2NF, FOF, ClF, BrF, SiF4, or GeF4, but F2 is capable of a stronger XB of up to 5 kcal/mol. These results are consistent with a geometric criterion, which compares the intermolecular equilibrium distance with the sum of atomic van der Waals radii. The intensity of the σ-hole on the F atom has predictive value in that a Vs,max of at least 10-15 kcal/mol is required for XB formation. Adding a positive charge to the Lewis acid enhances the strength of any XB and even more so if the base is anionic. The acid-base interaction induces a contraction of the r(AF) covalent bond in the acid in most cases and a deshielding of the NMR signal of the F nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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39
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Grabarz A, Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Scheiner S. Noncovalent Bonds between Tetrel Atoms. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1934-1944. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grabarz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Logan Utah 84322-0300 United States
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40
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Roeleveld JJ, Lekanne Deprez SJ, Verhoofstad A, Frontera A, van der Vlugt JI, Mooibroek TJ. Engineering Crystals Using sp 3 -C Centred Tetrel Bonding Interactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:10126-10132. [PMID: 32557861 PMCID: PMC7496358 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
1,1,2,2-Tetracyanocyclopropane derivatives 1 and 2 were designed and synthesized to probe the utility of sp3 -C centred tetrel bonding interactions in crystal engineering. The crystal packing of 1 and 2 and their 1,4-dioxane cocrystals is dominated by sp3 -C(CN)2 ⋅⋅⋅O interactions, has significant C⋅⋅⋅O van der Waals overlap (≤0.266 Å) and DFT calculations indicate interaction energies of up to -11.0 kcal mol-1 . A cocrystal of 2 with 1,4-thioxane reveals that the cyclopropane synthon prefers interacting with O over S. Computational analyses revealed that the electropositive C2 (CN)4 pocket in 1 and 2 can be seen as a strongly directional 'tetrel-bond donor', similar to halogen bond or hydrogen bond donors. This disclosure is expected to have implications for the utility of such 'tetrel bond donors' in molecular disciplines such as crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, molecular recognition and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius J. Roeleveld
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Siebe J. Lekanne Deprez
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Abraham Verhoofstad
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCrta de Valldemossa km 7.507122Palmade Mallorca (BalearesSpain
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–1126219OldenburgGermany
| | - Tiddo Jonathan Mooibroek
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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41
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Piña MDLN, Frontera A, Bauzá A. Quantifying Intramolecular Halogen Bonds in Nucleic Acids: A Combined Protein Data Bank and Theoretical Study. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1942-1948. [PMID: 32469201 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report experimental (Protein Data Bank (PDB) search) and theoretical (RI-MP2/def2-TZVP level of theory) evidence of the nature, stability, and directionality properties of intramolecular halogen bonding interactions (HaBs) between 5-bromo/5-iodoracil bases and backbone phosphate groups in nucleic acids (NAs). A PDB survey revealed relevant examples where intramolecular HaBs are undertaken and serve as a structural source of stability in RNA and DNA molecules. In order to develop suitable energy predictors, we started this investigation by calculating the interaction energy values and both the potential V(r) and kinetic G(r) energy densities (using Bader's "atoms in molecules" theory) of several halogen bond complexes involving 5-bromo/5-iodoracil molecules and biologically relevant electron donors. Once the energy predictors based on V(r)/G(r) energy densities were developed, we analyzed the HaBs observed in the biological examples retrieved from the PDB search in order to estimate the strength of the interaction. As far as our knowledge extends, intramolecular halogen bonds in NAs have not been previously quantified in the literature using this methodology and may be of great importance in understanding their structural properties as well as in the construction of molecular materials with DNA and other biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de las Nieves Piña
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma, Baleares 07122, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma, Baleares 07122, Spain
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma, Baleares 07122, Spain
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42
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Katlenok EA, Haukka M, Levin OV, Frontera A, Kukushkin VY. Supramolecular Assembly of Metal Complexes by (Aryl)I⋅⋅⋅d[PtII] Halogen Bonds. Chemistry 2020; 26:7692-7701. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A. Katlenok
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Oleg V. Levin
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de QuímicaUniversitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma, de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
- South Ural State University Lenin Av. 76 454080 Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
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Galmés B, Juan‐Bals A, Frontera A, Resnati G. Charge‐Assisted Chalcogen Bonds: CSD and DFT Analyses and Biological Implication in Glucosidase Inhibitors. Chemistry 2020; 26:4599-4606. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Aida Juan‐Bals
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab)Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di Milano Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
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44
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Navarro-García E, Galmés B, Velasco MD, Frontera A, Caballero A. Anion Recognition by Neutral Chalcogen Bonding Receptors: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. Chemistry 2020; 26:4706-4713. [PMID: 31957917 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of neutral receptors for the molecular recognition of anions based on chalcogen bonding (ChB) is an undeveloped area of host-guest chemistry. In this manuscript, the synthesis of two new families of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium-based ChB binding motifs are reported. The stability of the thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene binding motifs has enabled the determination of the association constants for ChB halide anion binding in the polar aprotic solvent THF by 1 H, 77 Se, and 125 Te NMR experiments. Two different aromatic cores are used and one or two Ch-binding motifs are incorporated with the purpose of encapsulating the anion, offering up to two concurrent chalcogen bonds. Theoretical calculations and NMR experiments reveal that, for S and Se receptors, hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the acidic H atom adjacent to the chalcogen atom are energetically favored over the ChB interaction. However, for the tellurophene binding motif, the σ-hole interaction is competitive and more favored than the hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma, de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María D Velasco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma, de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Caballero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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45
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Saeed A, Khurshid A, Flörke U, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Gil DM, Rocha M, Frontera A, El-Seedi HR, Mumtaz A, Erben MF. Intermolecular interactions in antipyrine-like derivatives 2-halo- N-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzamides: X-ray structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on experimental and computational data, a complex network of intermolecular interactions has been rationalized for antipyrine compounds.
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46
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Kumar V, Xu Y, Leroy C, Bryce DL. Direct investigation of chalcogen bonds by multinuclear solid-state magnetic resonance and vibrational spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3817-3824. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06267j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a multifaceted experimental and computational study of three self-complementary chalcogen-bond donors as well as a series of seven chalcogen bonded cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijith Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- 10 Marie Curie Private
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Yijue Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- 10 Marie Curie Private
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - César Leroy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- 10 Marie Curie Private
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- 10 Marie Curie Private
- Ottawa
- Canada
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47
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Soldatova NS, Postnikov PS, Suslonov VV, Kissler TY, Ivanov DM, Yusubov MS, Galmés B, Frontera A, Kukushkin VY. Diaryliodonium as a double σ-hole donor: the dichotomy of thiocyanate halogen bonding provides divergent solid state arylation by diaryliodonium cations. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of [Ar1Ar2I](SCN) toward the solid-state arylation depends on the preorganization of halogen bond (XB)-bound SCN−: N-XB-bound thiocyanates, which, in contrast to N,S-XB-bound, undergoes the extremely rare N-arylation of SCN−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Soldatova
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634034
- Russian Federation
- Department of Solid State Engineering
| | - Vitalii V. Suslonov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Troyana Yu. Kissler
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Daniil M. Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634034
- Russian Federation
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de les Illes Balear
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry
- Universitat de les Illes Balear
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
- South Ural State University
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48
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Naeem Ahmed M, Yasin KA, Aziz S, Khan SU, Tahir MN, Gil DM, Frontera A. Relevant π-hole tetrel bonding interactions in ethyl 2-triazolyl-2-oxoacetate derivatives: Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and X-ray characterization of four triazole derivatives that include an α-ketoester functionality and two phenyl substituents. The compounds form self-assembled dimers in the solid state establishing two symmetrically equivalent O⋯π-hole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Muzaffarabad
- 13100 Pakistan
| | - Khawaja Ansar Yasin
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
- Muzaffarabad
- 13100 Pakistan
| | - Shahid Aziz
- Department of Chemistry
- Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) Mirpur-10250 (AJK)
- Pakistan
| | - Saba Urooge Khan
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology University of The Punjab Lahore
- Pakistan
| | | | - Diego Mauricio Gil
- INBIOFAL (CONICET – UNT)
- Instituto de Química Orgánica – Cátedra de Química Orgánica I
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- Química y Farmacia
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Quimica
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares
- Spain
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49
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Gomila RM, Frontera A. Charge assisted halogen and pnictogen bonds: insights from the Cambridge Structural Database and DFT calculations. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript combines a search in the Cambridge Structural Database and DFT calculations to analyse the existence and importance of charge assisted pnictogen and halogen bonds in halophosphonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Gomila
- Serveis Cientificotècnics
- University of Balearic Islands
- Palma
- Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
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