1
|
Stock C. pH-regulated single cell migration. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:639-658. [PMID: 38214759 PMCID: PMC11006768 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, extra- and intracellular pH have emerged as fundamental regulators of cell motility. Fundamental physiological and pathological processes relying on appropriate cell migration, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and a proper immune defense on the one hand, and autoimmune diseases, metastatic cancer, and the progression of certain parasitic diseases on the other, depend on surrounding pH. In addition, migrating single cells create their own localized pH nanodomains at their surface and in the cytosol. By this means, the migrating cells locally modulate their adhesion to, and the re-arrangement and digestion of, the extracellular matrix. At the same time, the cytosolic nanodomains tune cytoskeletal dynamics along the direction of movement resulting in concerted lamellipodia protrusion and rear end retraction. Extracellular pH gradients as found in wounds, inflamed tissues, or the periphery of tumors stimulate directed cell migration, and long-term exposure to acidic conditions can engender a more migratory and invasive phenotype persisting for hours up to several generations of cells after they have left the acidic milieu. In the present review, the different variants of pH-dependent single cell migration are described. The underlying pH-dependent molecular mechanisms such as conformational changes of adhesion molecules, matrix protease activity, actin (de-)polymerization, and signaling events are explained, and molecular pH sensors stimulated by H+ signaling are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miller DJ. Sperm in the Mammalian Female Reproductive Tract: Surfing Through the Tract to Try to Beat the Odds. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:301-319. [PMID: 37906840 PMCID: PMC11149062 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian sperm are deposited in the vagina or the cervix/uterus at coitus or at artificial insemination, and the fertilizing sperm move through the female reproductive tract to the ampulla of the oviduct, the site of fertilization. But the destination of most sperm is not the oviduct. Most sperm are carried by retrograde fluid flow to the vagina, are phagocytosed, and/or do not pass barriers on the pathway to the oviduct. The sperm that reach the site of fertilization are the exceptions and winners of one of the most stringent selection processes in nature. This review discusses the challenges sperm encounter and how the few sperm that reach the site of fertilization overcome them. The sperm that reach the goal must navigate viscoelastic fluid, swim vigorously and cooperatively along the walls of the female tract, avoid the innate immune system, and respond to potential cues to direct their movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao W, Yu M, Yuan Y, Liu X, Chen Y. Thermotaxis of mammalian sperm. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6650698. [PMID: 35894944 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm are guided through the female reproductive tract. A temperature difference of about 2 °C exists between the storage site and fertilization site of the mammalian oviduct, leading to the hypothesis that sperm can sense and swim towards the oocyte along a rising temperature gradient, known as thermotaxis. Research over the past two decades has reported that sperm feature a sophisticated thermal detection system to detect and track ambient temperature gradients. More recently, thermotaxis is expected to be added to the microfluidic isolation method based on sperm tactic responses for sperm selection. In this paper, mammalian sperm thermotaxis is discussed, explaining the underlying behavioral mechanisms and molecular basis, according to the latest research. Finally, this paper explores the possible application of sperm thermotaxis in assisted reproductive technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Xiao
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Yu
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harguindey S, Alfarouk K, Polo Orozco J, Reshkin SJ, Devesa J. Hydrogen Ion Dynamics as the Fundamental Link between Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer: Its Application to the Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Special Emphasis on Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052454. [PMID: 35269597 PMCID: PMC8910484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pH-related metabolic paradigm has rapidly grown in cancer research and treatment. In this contribution, this recent oncological perspective has been laterally assessed for the first time in order to integrate neurodegeneration within the energetics of the cancer acid-base conceptual frame. At all levels of study (molecular, biochemical, metabolic, and clinical), the intimate nature of both processes appears to consist of opposite mechanisms occurring at the far ends of a physiopathological intracellular pH/extracellular pH (pHi/pHe) spectrum. This wide-ranging original approach now permits an increase in our understanding of these opposite processes, cancer and neurodegeneration, and, as a consequence, allows us to propose new avenues of treatment based upon the intracellular and microenvironmental hydrogen ion dynamics regulating and deregulating the biochemistry and metabolism of both cancer and neural cells. Under the same perspective, the etiopathogenesis and special characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) is an excellent model for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and, utilizing this pioneering approach, we find that MS appears to be a metabolic disease even before an autoimmune one. Furthermore, within this paradigm, several important aspects of MS, from mitochondrial failure to microbiota functional abnormalities, are analyzed in depth. Finally, and for the first time, a new and integrated model of treatment for MS can now be advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Division of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-629-047-141
| | - Khalid Alfarouk
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;
| | - Julián Polo Orozco
- Division of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu H, Xie X, Sun M, Chen M, Tao X, Fang X, Meng X, Wei W, Yu M. Modification of mesenchymal stem cells by HMGB1 promotes the activity of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel via PKA/β-catenin/γ-cystathionase pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:4. [PMID: 35012644 PMCID: PMC8744322 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) hold great promise for treating cardiovascular disease. Recently, we genetically modified MSCs with high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and these cells demonstrated high mobility by efficient migrating and homing to target neointima. The possible mechanism was investigated in the current study. Methods Rat MSCs were transfected with lentivirus containing HMGB1 cDNA to yield MSC-H cell line stably overexpressing HMGB1. The MSC-C cells which were transfected with empty lentivirus served as negative control, and the differentially expressed genes were analyzed by microarray. The cell mobility was determined by transwell migration assay. Intracellular free calcium and the expression of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel (CACNA1H) were assayed to analyze activity of CACNA1H-mediated calcium influx. H2S production and γ-cystathionase expression were examined to assess the activity of γ-cystathionase/H2S signaling. The interaction of HMGB1 with γ-cystathionase in MSC-H cells was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine whether the promoter activity of γ-cystathionase was regulated by interaction of β-catenin and TCF/LEF binding site. Intercellular cAMP, PKA activity, phosphorylation of β-catenin, and GSK3β were investigated to reveal cAMP/PKA mediated β-catenin activation. Result Microarray analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in cAMP signaling and calcium signaling. CACNA1H was upregulated to increase intracellular free calcium and MSC-H cell migration. Blockage of CACNA1H by ABT-639 significantly reduced intracellular free calcium and cell migration. The γ-cystathionase/H2S signaling was responsible for CACNA1H activation. H2S production was increased with high expression of γ-cystathionase in MSC-H cells, which was blocked by γ-cystathionase inhibitor DL-propargylglycine. Upregulation of γ-cystathionase was not attributed to interaction with HMGB1 overexpressed in MSC-H cells although γ-cystathionase was suggested to co-immunoprecipitate with oxidized HMGB1. Bioinformatics analysis identified a conserved TCF/LEF binding site in the promoter of γ-cystathionase gene. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that the promoter had positive response to β-catenin which was activated in MSC-H cells. Finally, cAMP/PKA was activated to phosphorylate β-catenin at Ser657 and GSK3β, enabling persisting activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MSC-H cells. Conclusion Our study revealed that modification of MSCs with HMGB1 promoted CACNA1H-mediated calcium influx via PKA/β-catenin/γ-cystathionase pathway. This was a plausible mechanism for high mobility of MSC-H cell line. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02677-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ritter M, Bresgen N, Kerschbaum HH. From Pinocytosis to Methuosis-Fluid Consumption as a Risk Factor for Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651982. [PMID: 34249909 PMCID: PMC8261248 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The volumes of a cell [cell volume (CV)] and its organelles are adjusted by osmoregulatory processes. During pinocytosis, extracellular fluid volume equivalent to its CV is incorporated within an hour and membrane area equivalent to the cell's surface within 30 min. Since neither fluid uptake nor membrane consumption leads to swelling or shrinkage, cells must be equipped with potent volume regulatory mechanisms. Normally, cells respond to outwardly or inwardly directed osmotic gradients by a volume decrease and increase, respectively, i.e., they shrink or swell but then try to recover their CV. However, when a cell death (CD) pathway is triggered, CV persistently decreases in isotonic conditions in apoptosis and it increases in necrosis. One type of CD associated with cell swelling is due to a dysfunctional pinocytosis. Methuosis, a non-apoptotic CD phenotype, occurs when cells accumulate too much fluid by macropinocytosis. In contrast to functional pinocytosis, in methuosis, macropinosomes neither recycle nor fuse with lysosomes but with each other to form giant vacuoles, which finally cause rupture of the plasma membrane (PM). Understanding methuosis longs for the understanding of the ionic mechanisms of cell volume regulation (CVR) and vesicular volume regulation (VVR). In nascent macropinosomes, ion channels and transporters are derived from the PM. Along trafficking from the PM to the perinuclear area, the equipment of channels and transporters of the vesicle membrane changes by retrieval, addition, and recycling from and back to the PM, causing profound changes in vesicular ion concentrations, acidification, and-most importantly-shrinkage of the macropinosome, which is indispensable for its proper targeting and cargo processing. In this review, we discuss ion and water transport mechanisms with respect to CVR and VVR and with special emphasis on pinocytosis and methuosis. We describe various aspects of the complex mutual interplay between extracellular and intracellular ions and ion gradients, the PM and vesicular membrane, phosphoinositides, monomeric G proteins and their targets, as well as the submembranous cytoskeleton. Our aim is to highlight important cellular mechanisms, components, and processes that may lead to methuotic CD upon their derangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ritter
- Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis und Rehabilitation, Salzburg, Austria
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Movement is a key feature of the surveillance and protective roles of microglia. This dynamic process is highly modulated by the surrounding environment. We discovered that microglia movement is temperature dependent in vitro and in vivo. Our investigation of thermosensitive TRP channel involvement in this phenomenon revealed several candidates including TRPM2, TRPM4, and TRPV4 channels. Using pharmacological tools and transgenic mice, we showed that the temperature dependency of microglia movement mainly relies on TRPV4 channel activity. Understanding the mechanisms by which temperature modulates microglia movement will improve our comprehension of pathological processes and allow the identification of new leads for the treatment of brain pathologies. Microglia maintain central nervous system homeostasis by monitoring changes in their environment (resting state) and by taking protective actions to equilibrate such changes (activated state). These surveillance and protective roles both require constant movement of microglia. Interestingly, induced hypothermia can reduce microglia migration caused by ischemia, suggesting that microglia movement can be modulated by temperature. Although several ion channels and transporters are known to support microglia movement, the precise molecular mechanism that regulates temperature-dependent movement of microglia remains unclear. Some members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily exhibit thermosensitivity and thus are strong candidates for mediation of this phenomenon. Here, we demonstrate that mouse microglia exhibit temperature-dependent movement in vitro and in vivo that is mediated by TRPV4 channels within the physiological range of body temperature. Our findings may provide a basis for future research into the potential clinical application of temperature regulation to preserve cell function via manipulation of ion channel activity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Inhibition of Radiation and Temozolomide-Induced Glioblastoma Invadopodia Activity Using Ion Channel Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102888. [PMID: 33050088 PMCID: PMC7599723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma accounts for approximately 40–50% of all primary brain cancers and is a highly aggressive cancer that rapidly disseminates within the surrounding normal brain. Dynamic actin-rich protrusions known as invadopodia facilitate this invasive process. Ion channels have also been linked to a pro-invasive phenotype and may contribute to facilitating invadopodia activity in cancer cells. The aim of our study was to screen ion channel-targeting drugs for their cytotoxic efficacy and potential anti-invadopodia properties in glioblastoma cells. We demonstrated that the targeting of ion channels in glioblastoma cells can lead to a reduction in invadopodia activity and protease secretion. Importantly, the candidate drugs exhibited a significant reduction in radiation and temozolomide-induced glioblastoma cell invadopodia activity. These findings support the proposed pro-invasive role of ion channels via invadopodia in glioblastoma, which may be ideal therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioblastoma patients. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and malignant type of primary brain cancer. The rapid invasion and dissemination of tumor cells into the surrounding normal brain is a major driver of tumor recurrence, and long-term survival of GBM patients is extremely rare. Actin-rich cell membrane protrusions known as invadopodia can facilitate the highly invasive properties of GBM cells. Ion channels have been proposed to contribute to a pro-invasive phenotype in cancer cells and may also be involved in the invadopodia activity of GBM cells. GBM cell cytotoxicity screening of several ion channel drugs identified three drugs with potent cell killing efficacy: flunarizine dihydrochloride, econazole nitrate, and quinine hydrochloride dihydrate. These drugs demonstrated a reduction in GBM cell invadopodia activity and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) secretion. Importantly, the treatment of GBM cells with these drugs led to a significant reduction in radiation/temozolomide-induced invadopodia activity. The dual cytotoxic and anti-invasive efficacy of these agents merits further research into targeting ion channels to reduce GBM malignancy, with a potential for future clinical translation in combination with the standard therapy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Metegnier G, Paulino S, Ramond P, Siano R, Sourisseau M, Destombe C, Le Gac M. Species specific gene expression dynamics during harmful algal blooms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6182. [PMID: 32277155 PMCID: PMC7148311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms are caused by specific members of microbial communities. Understanding the dynamics of these events requires comparing the strategies developed by the problematic species to cope with environmental fluctuations to the ones developed by the other members of the community. During three consecutive years, the meta-transcriptome of micro-eukaryote communities was sequenced during blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. The dataset was analyzed to investigate species specific gene expression dynamics. Major shifts in gene expression were explained by the succession of different species within the community. Although expression patterns were strongly correlated with fluctuation of the abiotic environment, and more specifically with nutrient concentration, transcripts specifically involved in nutrient uptake and metabolism did not display extensive changes in gene expression. Compared to the other members of the community, A. minutum displayed a very specific expression pattern, with lower expression of photosynthesis transcripts and central metabolism genes (TCA cycle, glucose metabolism, glycolysis…) and contrasting expression pattern of ion transporters across environmental conditions. These results suggest the importance of mixotrophy, cell motility and cell-to-cell interactions during A. minutum blooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Metegnier
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, Ifremer DYNECO PELAGOS, 29280, Plouzané, France.,CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UaCh, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Sauvann Paulino
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, Ifremer DYNECO PELAGOS, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Pierre Ramond
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, Ifremer DYNECO PELAGOS, 29280, Plouzané, France.,CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS90074, 29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Raffaele Siano
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, Ifremer DYNECO PELAGOS, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marc Sourisseau
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, Ifremer DYNECO PELAGOS, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Destombe
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UaCh, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Mickael Le Gac
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, Ifremer DYNECO PELAGOS, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weiß I, Bohrmann J. Electrochemical gradients are involved in regulating cytoskeletal patterns during epithelial morphogenesis in the Drosophila ovary. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:22. [PMID: 31718540 PMCID: PMC6852995 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During Drosophila oogenesis, the follicular epithelium differentiates into several morphologically distinct follicle-cell populations. Characteristic bioelectrical properties make this tissue a suitable model system for studying connections between electrochemical signals and the organisation of the cytoskeleton. Recently, we have described stage-specific transcellular antero-posterior and dorso-ventral gradients of intracellular pH (pHi) and membrane potential (Vmem) depending on the asymmetrical distribution and/or activity of various ion-transport mechanisms. In the present study, we analysed the patterns of basal microfilaments (bMF) and microtubules (MT) in relation to electrochemical signals. RESULTS The bMF- and MT-patterns in developmental stages 8 to 12 were visualised using labelled phalloidin and an antibody against acetylated α-tubulin as well as follicle-cell specific expression of GFP-actin and GFP-α-tubulin. Obviously, stage-specific changes of the pHi- and Vmem-gradients correlate with modifications of the bMF- and MT-organisation. In order to test whether cytoskeletal modifications depend directly on bioelectrical changes, we used inhibitors of ion-transport mechanisms that have previously been shown to modify pHi and Vmem as well as the respective gradients. We inhibited, in stage 10b, Na+/H+-exchangers and Na+-channels with amiloride, V-ATPases with bafilomycin, ATP-sensitive K+-channels with glibenclamide, voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+-channels with verapamil, Cl--channels with 9-anthroic acid and Na+/K+/2Cl--cotransporters with furosemide, respectively. The correlations between pHi, Vmem, bMF and MT observed in different follicle-cell types are in line with the correlations resulting from the inhibition experiments. While relative alkalisation and/or hyperpolarisation stabilised the parallel transversal alignment of bMF, acidification led to increasing disorder and to condensations of bMF. On the other hand, relative acidification as well as hyperpolarisation stabilised the longitudinal orientation of MT, whereas alkalisation led to loss of this arrangement and to partial disintegration of MT. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the pHi- and Vmem-changes induced by inhibitors of ion-transport mechanisms simulate bioelectrical changes occurring naturally and leading to the cytoskeletal changes observed during differentiation of the follicle-cell epithelium. Therefore, gradual modifications of electrochemical signals can serve as physiological means to regulate cell and tissue architecture by modifying cytoskeletal patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Weiß
- Institut für Biologie II, Abt. Zoologie und Humanbiologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Bohrmann
- Institut für Biologie II, Abt. Zoologie und Humanbiologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harguindey S, Polo Orozco J, Alfarouk KO, Devesa J. Hydrogen Ion Dynamics of Cancer and a New Molecular, Biochemical and Metabolic Approach to the Etiopathogenesis and Treatment of Brain Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174278. [PMID: 31480530 PMCID: PMC6747469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of cancer has been slowly but steadily progressing during the last fifty years. Some tumors with a high mortality in the past are curable nowadays. However, there is one striking exception: glioblastoma multiforme. No real breakthrough has been hitherto achieved with this tumor with ominous prognosis and very short survival. Glioblastomas, being highly glycolytic malignancies are strongly pH-dependent and driven by the sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) and other proton (H+) transporters. Therefore, this is one of those pathologies where the lessons recently learnt from the new pH-centered anticancer paradigm may soon bring a promising change to treatment. This contribution will discuss how the pH-centric molecular, biochemical and metabolic perspective may introduce some urgently needed and integral novel treatments. Such a prospective therapeutic approach for malignant brain tumors is developed here, either to be used alone or in combination with more standard therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khalid O Alfarouk
- Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42316, Saudi Arabia
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Tampa, FL 33617, USA
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
As the leading cause of death in cancer, there is an urgent need to develop treatments to target the dissemination of primary tumor cells to secondary organs, known as metastasis. Bioelectric signaling has emerged in the last century as an important controller of cell growth, and with the development of current molecular tools we are now beginning to identify its role in driving cell migration and metastasis in a variety of cancer types. This review summarizes the currently available research for bioelectric signaling in solid tumor metastasis. We review the steps of metastasis and discuss how these can be controlled by bioelectric cues at the level of a cell, a population of cells, and the tissue. The role of ion channel, pump, and exchanger activity and ion flux is discussed, along with the importance of the membrane potential and the relationship between ion flux and membrane potential. We also provide an overview of the evidence for control of metastasis by external electric fields (EFs) and draw from examples in embryogenesis and regeneration to discuss the implications for endogenous EFs. By increasing our understanding of the dynamic properties of bioelectric signaling, we can develop new strategies that target metastasis to be translated into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Madeleine J. Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Electrochemical patterns during Drosophila oogenesis: ion-transport mechanisms generate stage-specific gradients of pH and membrane potential in the follicle-cell epithelium. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:12. [PMID: 31226923 PMCID: PMC6588877 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Alterations of bioelectrical properties of cells and tissues are known to function as wide-ranging signals during development, regeneration and wound-healing in several species. The Drosophila follicle-cell epithelium provides an appropriate model system for studying the potential role of electrochemical signals, like intracellular pH (pHi) and membrane potential (Vmem), during development. Therefore, we analysed stage-specific gradients of pHi and Vmem as well as their dependence on specific ion-transport mechanisms. Results Using fluorescent indicators, we found distinct alterations of pHi- and Vmem-patterns during stages 8 to 12 of oogenesis. To determine the roles of relevant ion-transport mechanisms in regulating pHi and Vmem and in establishing stage-specific antero-posterior and dorso-ventral gradients, we used inhibitors of Na+/H+-exchangers and Na+-channels (amiloride), V-ATPases (bafilomycin), ATP-sensitive K+-channels (glibenclamide), voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+-channels (verapamil), Cl−-channels (9-anthroic acid) and Na+/K+/2Cl−-cotransporters (furosemide). Either pHi or Vmem or both parameters were affected by each tested inhibitor. While the inhibition of Na+/H+-exchangers (NHE) and amiloride-sensitive Na+-channels or of V-ATPases resulted in relative acidification, inhibiting the other ion-transport mechanisms led to relative alkalisation. The most prominent effects on pHi were obtained by inhibiting Na+/K+/2Cl−-cotransporters or ATP-sensitive K+-channels. Vmem was most efficiently hyperpolarised by inhibiting voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+-channels or ATP-sensitive K+-channels, whereas the impact of the other ion-transport mechanisms was smaller. In case of very prominent effects of inhibitors on pHi and/or Vmem, we also found strong influences on the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral pHi- and/or Vmem-gradients. For example, inhibiting ATP-sensitive K+-channels strongly enhanced both pHi-gradients (increasing alkalisation) and reduced both Vmem-gradients (increasing hyperpolarisation). Similarly, inhibiting Na+/K+/2Cl−-cotransporters strongly enhanced both pHi-gradients and reduced the antero-posterior Vmem-gradient. To minor extents, both pHi-gradients were enhanced and both Vmem-gradients were reduced by inhibiting voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+-channels, whereas only both pHi-gradients were reduced (increasing acidification) by inhibiting V-ATPases or NHE and Na+-channels. Conclusions Our data show that in the Drosophila follicle-cell epithelium stage-specific pHi- and Vmem-gradients develop which result from the activity of several ion-transport mechanisms. These gradients are supposed to represent important bioelectrical cues during oogenesis, e.g., by serving as electrochemical prepatterns in modifying cell polarity and cytoskeletal organisation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12861-019-0192-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fels B, Bulk E, Pethő Z, Schwab A. The Role of TRP Channels in the Metastatic Cascade. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:E48. [PMID: 29772843 PMCID: PMC6027473 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is involved in multiple pathologies including cancer. Changes in Ca2+ signaling caused by altered fluxes through ion channels and transporters (the transportome) are involved in all steps of the metastatic cascade. Cancer cells thereby "re-program" and "misuse" the cellular transportome to regulate proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, growth factor signaling, migration and invasion. Cancer cells use their transportome to cope with diverse environmental challenges during the metastatic cascade, like hypoxic, acidic and mechanical cues. Hence, ion channels and transporters are key modulators of cancer progression. This review focuses on the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the metastatic cascade. After briefly introducing the role of the transportome in cancer, we discuss TRP channel functions in cancer cell migration. We highlight the role of TRP channels in sensing and transmitting cues from the tumor microenvironment and discuss their role in cancer cell invasion. We identify open questions concerning the role of TRP channels in circulating tumor cells and in the processes of intra- and extravasation of tumor cells. We emphasize the importance of TRP channels in different steps of cancer metastasis and propose cancer-specific TRP channel blockade as a therapeutic option in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Fels
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Zoltán Pethő
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Inoue S, Yoshizawa S, Nakajima Y, Kojima K, Tsukamoto T, Kikukawa T, Sudo Y. Spectroscopic characteristics ofRubricoccus marinusxenorhodopsin (RmXeR) and a putative model for its inward H+transport mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3172-3183. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05033j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of functional and spectroscopic characterization, we propose a model for the inward proton transport inRmXeR, a newly discovered microbial rhodopsin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Inoue
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Susumu Yoshizawa
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
- The University of Tokyo
- Chiba 277-8564
- Japan
| | - Yu Nakajima
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
- The University of Tokyo
- Chiba 277-8564
- Japan
| | - Keiichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moore D, Walker SI, Levin M. Cancer as a disorder of patterning information: computational and biophysical perspectives on the cancer problem. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa8548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
17
|
Harguindey S, Stanciu D, Devesa J, Alfarouk K, Cardone RA, Polo Orozco JD, Devesa P, Rauch C, Orive G, Anitua E, Roger S, Reshkin SJ. Cellular acidification as a new approach to cancer treatment and to the understanding and therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:157-179. [PMID: 28193528 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During the last few years, the understanding of the dysregulated hydrogen ion dynamics and reversed proton gradient of cancer cells has resulted in a new and integral pH-centric paradigm in oncology, a translational model embracing from cancer etiopathogenesis to treatment. The abnormalities of intracellular alkalinization along with extracellular acidification of all types of solid tumors and leukemic cells have never been described in any other disease and now appear to be a specific hallmark of malignancy. As a consequence of this intracellular acid-base homeostatic failure, the attempt to induce cellular acidification using proton transport inhibitors and other intracellular acidifiers of different origins is becoming a new therapeutic concept and selective target of cancer treatment, both as a metabolic mediator of apoptosis and in the overcoming of multiple drug resistance (MDR). Importantly, there is increasing data showing that different ion channels contribute to mediate significant aspects of cancer pH regulation and etiopathogenesis. Finally, we discuss the extension of this new pH-centric oncological paradigm into the opposite metabolic and homeostatic acid-base situation found in human neurodegenerative diseases (HNDDs), which opens novel concepts in the prevention and treatment of HNDDs through the utilization of a cohort of neural and non-neural derived hormones and human growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, c) Postas 13, 01004 Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Daniel Stanciu
- Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, c) Postas 13, 01004 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain and Scientific Director of Foltra Medical Centre, Teo, Spain
| | - Khalid Alfarouk
- Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Pablo Devesa
- Research and Development, Medical Centre Foltra, Teo, Spain
| | - Cyril Rauch
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham,College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Gorka Orive
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, SLFPB-EHU, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anitua
- BTI Biotechnology Institute ImasD, S.L. C/Jacinto Quincoces, 39, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Inserm UMR1069, University François-Rabelais of Tours,10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, Paris 75231, France
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang G, Long H, Ren X, Ma K, Xiao Z, Wang Y, Guo Y. Regulation of adipose-tissue-derived stromal cell orientation and motility in 2D- and 3D-cultures by direct-current electrical field. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:70-82. [PMID: 28185267 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell alignment and motility play a critical role in a variety of cell behaviors, including cytoskeleton reorganization, membrane-protein relocation, nuclear gene expression, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Direct current electric field (EF) in vitro can direct many types of cells to align vertically to EF vector. In this work, we investigated the effects of EF stimulation on rat adipose-tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) in 2D-culture on plastic culture dishes and in 3D-culture on various scaffold materials, including collagen hydrogels, chitosan hydrogels and poly(L-lactic acid)/gelatin electrospinning fibers. Rat ADSCs were exposed to various physiological-strength EFs in a homemade EF-bioreactor. Changes of morphology and movements of cells affected by applied EFs were evaluated by time-lapse microphotography, and cell survival rates and intracellular calcium oscillations were also detected. Results showed that EF facilitated ADSC morphological changes, under 6 V/cm EF strength, and that ADSCs in 2D-culture aligned vertically to EF vector and kept a good cell survival rate. In 3D-culture, cell galvanotaxis responses were subject to the synergistic effect of applied EF and scaffold materials. Fast cell movement and intracellular calcium activities were observed in the cells of 3D-culture. We believe our research will provide some experimental references for the future study in cell galvanotaxis behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Department of Medical Information and Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Haiyan Long
- Center of Engineering-Training, Chengdu Aeronautic Polytechnic, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- Department of Medical Information and Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kunlong Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhenghua Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Information and Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yingqiang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ross CL. The use of electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic field for directed cell migration and adhesion in regenerative medicine. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:5-16. [PMID: 27797153 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Directed cell migration and adhesion is essential to embryonic development, tissue formation and wound healing. For decades it has been reported that electric field (EF), magnetic field (MF) and electromagnetic field (EMF) can play important roles in determining cell differentiation, migration, adhesion, and evenwound healing. Combinations of these techniques have revealed new and exciting explanations for how cells move and adhere to surfaces; how the migration of multiple cells are coordinated and regulated; how cellsinteract with neighboring cells, and also to changes in their microenvironment. In some cells, speed and direction are voltage dependent. Data suggests that the use of EF, MF and EMF could advance techniques in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and wound healing. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:5-16, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ross
- The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Center for Integrative Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wen J, Huang YC, Xiu HH, Shan ZM, Xu KQ. Altered expression of stromal interaction molecule (STIM)-calcium release-activated calcium channel protein (ORAI) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) in cancer: will they become a new battlefield for oncotherapy? CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:32. [PMID: 27013185 PMCID: PMC4807559 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The stromal interaction molecule (STIM)-calcium release-activated calcium channel protein (ORAI) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) play pivotal roles in the modulation of Ca2+-regulated pathways from gene transcription to cell apoptosis by driving calcium-dependent signaling processes. Increasing evidence has implicated the dysregulation of STIM–ORAI and IP3Rs in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. By controlling the activities, structure, and/or expression levels of these Ca2+-transporting proteins, malignant cancer cells can hijack them to drive essential biological functions for tumor development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the participation of STIM–ORAI and IP3Rs in the biological behavior of cancer remain elusive. In this review, we summarize recent advances regarding STIM–ORAI and IP3Rs and discuss how they promote cell proliferation, apoptosis evasion, and cell migration through temporal and spatial rearrangements in certain types of malignant cells. An understanding of the essential roles of STIM–ORAI and IP3Rs may provide new pharmacologic targets that achieve a better therapeutic effect by inhibiting their actions in key intracellular signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Cheng Huang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Xiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Qing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pai VP, Martyniuk CJ, Echeverri K, Sundelacruz S, Kaplan DL, Levin M. Genome-wide analysis reveals conserved transcriptional responses downstream of resting potential change in Xenopus embryos, axolotl regeneration, and human mesenchymal cell differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:3-25. [PMID: 27499876 PMCID: PMC4857752 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous bioelectric signaling via changes in cellular resting potential (Vmem) is a key regulator of patterning during regeneration and embryogenesis in numerous model systems. Depolarization of Vmem has been functionally implicated in dedifferentiation, tumorigenesis, anatomical re‐specification, and appendage regeneration. However, no unbiased analyses have been performed to understand genome‐wide transcriptional responses to Vmem change in vivo. Moreover, it is unknown which genes or gene networks represent conserved targets of bioelectrical signaling across different patterning contexts and species. Here, we use microarray analysis to comparatively analyze transcriptional responses to Vmem depolarization. We compare the response of the transcriptome during embryogenesis (Xenopus development), regeneration (axolotl regeneration), and stem cell differentiation (human mesenchymal stem cells in culture) to identify common networks across model species that are associated with depolarization. Both subnetwork enrichment and PANTHER analyses identified a number of key genetic modules as targets of Vmem change, and also revealed important (well‐conserved) commonalities in bioelectric signal transduction, despite highly diverse experimental contexts and species. Depolarization regulates specific transcriptional networks across all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) such as cell differentiation and apoptosis, and this information will be used for developing mechanistic models of bioelectric regulation of patterning. Moreover, our analysis reveals that Vmem change regulates transcripts related to important disease pathways such as cancer and neurodegeneration, which may represent novel targets for emerging electroceutical therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav P Pai
- Biology Department and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Department of Physiological Sciences UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Karen Echeverri
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Sarah Sundelacruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Silver K, Littlejohn A, Thomas L, Marsh E, Lillich JD. Inhibition of Kv channel expression by NSAIDs depolarizes membrane potential and inhibits cell migration by disrupting calpain signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:614-28. [PMID: 26549367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is well known to cause gastrointestinal ulcer formation via several mechanisms that include inhibiting epithelial cell migration and mucosal restitution. The drug-affected signaling pathways that contribute to inhibition of migration by NSAIDs are poorly understood, though previous studies have shown that NSAIDs depolarize membrane potential and suppress expression of calpain proteases and voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel subunits. Kv channels play significant roles in cell migration and are targets of NSAID activity in white blood cells, but the specific functional effects of NSAID-induced changes in Kv channel expression, particularly on cell migration, are unknown in intestinal epithelial cells. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of NSAIDs on expression of Kv1.3, 1.4, and 1.6 in vitro and/or in vivo and evaluated the functional significance of loss of Kv subunit expression. Indomethacin or NS-398 reduced total and plasma membrane protein expression of Kv1.3 in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6). Additionally, depolarization of membrane potential with margatoxin (MgTx), 40mM K(+), or silencing of Kv channel expression with siRNA significantly reduced IEC-6 cell migration and disrupted calpain activity. Furthermore, in rat small intestinal epithelia, indomethacin and NS-398 had significant, yet distinct, effects on gene and protein expression of Kv1.3, 1.4, or 1.6, suggesting that these may be clinically relevant targets. Our results show that inhibition of epithelial cell migration by NSAIDs is associated with decreased expression of Kv channel subunits, and provide a mechanism through which NSAIDs inhibit cell migration and may contribute to NSAID-induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Silver
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Alaina Littlejohn
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Laurel Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Elizabeth Marsh
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - James D Lillich
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hirst CS, Foong JPP, Stamp LA, Fegan E, Dent S, Cooper EC, Lomax AE, Anderson CR, Bornstein JC, Young HM, McKeown SJ. Ion channel expression in the developing enteric nervous system. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123436. [PMID: 25798587 PMCID: PMC4370736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system arises from neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs) that migrate caudally along the embryonic gut. The expression of ion channels by ENCCs in embryonic mice was investigated using a PCR-based array, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Many ion channels, including chloride, calcium, potassium and sodium channels were already expressed by ENCCs at E11.5. There was an increase in the expression of numerous ion channel genes between E11.5 and E14.5, which coincides with ENCC migration and the first extension of neurites by enteric neurons. Previous studies have shown that a variety of ion channels regulates neurite extension and migration of many cell types. Pharmacological inhibition of a range of chloride or calcium channels had no effect on ENCC migration in cultured explants or neuritogenesis in vitro. The non-selective potassium channel inhibitors, TEA and 4-AP, retarded ENCC migration and neuritogenesis, but only at concentrations that also resulted in cell death. In summary, a large range of ion channels is expressed while ENCCs are colonizing the gut, but we found no evidence that ENCC migration or neuritogenesis requires chloride, calcium or potassium channel activity. Many of the ion channels are likely to be involved in the development of electrical excitability of enteric neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Hirst
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jaime P. P. Foong
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lincon A. Stamp
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Fegan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephan Dent
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward C. Cooper
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alan E. Lomax
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin R. Anderson
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joel C. Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather M. Young
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sonja J. McKeown
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chernet BT, Levin M. Transmembrane voltage potential of somatic cells controls oncogene-mediated tumorigenesis at long-range. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3287-306. [PMID: 24830454 PMCID: PMC4102810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment is increasingly recognized as a crucial aspect of cancer. In contrast and complement to the field's focus on biochemical factors and extracellular matrix, we characterize a novel aspect of host:tumor interaction - endogenous bioelectric signals among non-excitable somatic cells. Extending prior work focused on the bioelectric state of cancer cells themselves, we show for the first time that the resting potentials of distant cells are critical for oncogene-dependent tumorigenesis. In the Xenopus laevis tadpole model, we used human oncogenes such as mutant KRAS to drive formation of tumor-like structures that exhibited overproliferation, increased nuclear size, hypoxia, acidity, and leukocyte attraction. Remarkably, misexpression of hyperpolarizing ion channels at distant sites within the tadpole significantly reduced the incidence of these tumors. The suppression of tumorigenesis could also be achieved by hyperpolarization using native CLIC1 chloride channels, suggesting a treatment modality not requiring gene therapy. Using a dominant negative approach, we implicate HDAC1 as the mechanism by which resting potential changes affect downstream cell behaviors. Based on published data on the voltage-mediated changes of butyrate flux through the SLC5A8 transporter, we present a model linking resting potentials of host cells to the ability of oncogenes to initiate tumorigenesis. Antibiotic data suggest that the relevant butyrate is generated by a native bacterial species, identifying a novel link between the microbiome and cancer that is mediated by alterations in bioelectric signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brook T Chernet
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology and Department of Biology Tufts University 200 Boston Avenue,Suite 4600 Medford, MA 02155 U.S.A
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Veland IR, Lindbæk L, Christensen ST. Linking the Primary Cilium to Cell Migration in Tissue Repair and Brain Development. Bioscience 2014; 64:1115-1125. [PMID: 26955067 PMCID: PMC4776690 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are unique sensory organelles that coordinate cellular signaling networks in vertebrates. Inevitably, defects in the formation or function of primary cilia lead to imbalanced regulation of cellular processes that causes multisystemic disorders and diseases, commonly known as ciliopathies. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that primary cilia coordinate multiple activities that are required for cell migration, which, when they are aberrantly regulated, lead to defects in organogenesis and tissue repair, as well as metastasis of tumors. Here, we present an overview on how primary cilia may contribute to the regulation of the cellular signaling pathways that control cyclic processes in directional cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iben Rønn Veland
- Iben Rønn Veland ( ) is a postdoctoral researcher from the Christensen Lab, at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and she studies the role of primary cilia in cell polarization and migration. Louise Lindbæk ( ) is a PhD student in the Christensen Lab, and she studies the function of primary cilia in neurogenesis and brain development. Søren Tvorup Christensen ( ) is a professor at the University of Copenhagen. He studies how primary cilia coordinate signaling pathways during development and in tissue homeostasis
| | - Louise Lindbæk
- Iben Rønn Veland ( ) is a postdoctoral researcher from the Christensen Lab, at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and she studies the role of primary cilia in cell polarization and migration. Louise Lindbæk ( ) is a PhD student in the Christensen Lab, and she studies the function of primary cilia in neurogenesis and brain development. Søren Tvorup Christensen ( ) is a professor at the University of Copenhagen. He studies how primary cilia coordinate signaling pathways during development and in tissue homeostasis
| | - Søren Tvorup Christensen
- Iben Rønn Veland ( ) is a postdoctoral researcher from the Christensen Lab, at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and she studies the role of primary cilia in cell polarization and migration. Louise Lindbæk ( ) is a PhD student in the Christensen Lab, and she studies the function of primary cilia in neurogenesis and brain development. Søren Tvorup Christensen ( ) is a professor at the University of Copenhagen. He studies how primary cilia coordinate signaling pathways during development and in tissue homeostasis
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stock C, Schwab A. Ion channels and transporters in metastasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2638-46. [PMID: 25445667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An elaborate interplay between ion channels and transporters, components of the cytoskeleton, adhesion molecules, and signaling cascades provides the basis for each major step of the metastatic cascade. Ion channels and transporters contribute to cell motility by letting through or transporting ions essential for local Ca2+, pH and--in cooperation with water permeable aquaporins--volume homeostasis. Moreover, in addition to the actual ion transport they, or their auxiliary subunits, can display non-conducting activities. They can exert kinase activity in order to phosphorylate cytoskeletal constituents or their associates. They can become part of signaling processes by permeating Ca2+, by generating local pH-nanodomains or by being final downstream effectors. A number of channels and transporters are found at focal adhesions, interacting directly or indirectly with proteins of the extracellular matrix, with integrins or with components of the cytoskeleton. We also include the role of aquaporins in cell motility. They drive the outgrowth of lamellipodia/invadopodia or control the number of β1 integrins in the plasma membrane. The multitude of interacting ion channels and transporters (called transportome) including the associated signaling events holds great potential as therapeutic target(s) for anticancer agents that are aimed at preventing metastasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nielsen N, Lindemann O, Schwab A. TRP channels and STIM/ORAI proteins: sensors and effectors of cancer and stroma cell migration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5524-40. [PMID: 24724725 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer cells are strongly influenced by host cells within the tumour stroma and vice versa. This leads to the development of a tumour microenvironment with distinct physical and chemical properties that are permissive for tumour progression. The ability to migrate plays a central role in this mutual interaction. Migration of cancer cells is considered as a prerequisite for tumour metastasis and the migration of host stromal cells is required for reaching the tumour site. Increasing evidence suggests that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and STIM/ORAI proteins affect key calcium-dependent mechanisms implicated in both cancer and stroma cell migration. These include, among others, cytoskeletal remodelling, growth factor/cytokine signalling and production, and adaptation to tumour microenvironmental properties such as hypoxia and oxidative stress. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding TRP channels and STIM/ORAI proteins in cancer and stroma cell migration. We focus on how TRP channel or STIM/ORAI-mediated Ca(2+) signalling directly or indirectly influences cancer and stroma cell migration by affecting the above listed mechanisms. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Nielsen
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schwab A, Stock C. Ion channels and transporters in tumour cell migration and invasion. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130102. [PMID: 24493750 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a central component of the metastatic cascade requiring a concerted action of ion channels and transporters (migration-associated transportome), cytoskeletal elements and signalling cascades. Ion transport proteins and aquaporins contribute to tumour cell migration and invasion among other things by inducing local volume changes and/or by modulating Ca(2+) and H(+) signalling. Targeting cell migration therapeutically bears great clinical potential, because it is a prerequisite for metastasis. Ion transport proteins appear to be attractive candidate target proteins for this purpose because they are easily accessible as membrane proteins and often overexpressed or activated in cancer. Importantly, a number of clinically widely used drugs are available whose anticipated efficacy as anti-tumour drugs, however, has now only begun to be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Schwab
- Institut für Physiologie II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, , Robert-Koch-Strasse 27b, Münster 48149, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ast S, Rutledge PJ, Todd MH. The properties and performance of a pH-responsive functionalised nanoparticle. Faraday Discuss 2014; 175:171-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report fluorescence measurements of three quantum dots (QDs) of different sizes functionalised with the same pH responsive naphthalimide dye. QD size strongly influences energy transfer between dye and dot. Using QDs with an emission maximum of 570 nm gives rise to an interesting transfer of energy from dye to dot, while QDs with an emission maximum at 670 nm give unexpected enhancement of the dye emission. Titrations of QDs with the dye provide a means to establish the loading and hence an approximation of the surface dye density, which varies in proportion to QD size. Quenching effects are observed beyond the loading limit, and may indicate non-specific interactions between the excess dye and the nanoparticle. Attachment of the dye to the QD core is achieved by a thiol/disulfide exchange process that has been interrogated with Raman spectroscopy. The stability of these QD–dye conjugates over time and across a physiological pH range has been investigated to provide an assessment of their performance and robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ast
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- , Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|