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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Stegemann A, Pethö Z, Raker V, Schwab A, Steinbrink K, Böhm M. 617 Endothelial to mesenchymal transition - a novel field of action of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor? J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schwab A, Hélary C, Richards R, Alini M, Eglin D, D'Este M. Tissue mimetic hyaluronan bioink containing collagen fibers with controlled orientation modulating cell migration and alignment. Mater Today Bio 2020; 7:100058. [PMID: 32613184 PMCID: PMC7317236 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication is providing scientists and clinicians the ability to produce engineered tissues with desired shapes and gradients of composition and biological cues. Typical resolutions achieved with extrusion-based bioprinting are at the macroscopic level. However, for capturing the fibrillar nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it is necessary to arrange ECM components at smaller scales, down to the micron and the molecular level. Herein, we introduce a bioink containing the tyramine derivative of hyaluronan (HA; henceforth known as THA) and collagen (Col) type 1. In this bioink, similar to connective tissues, Col is present in the fibrillar form, and HA functions as a viscoelastic space filler. THA was enzymatically cross-linked under mild conditions allowing simultaneous Col fibrillogenesis, thus achieving a homogeneous distribution of Col fibrils within the viscoelastic HA-based matrix. The THA-Col composite displayed synergistic properties in terms of storage modulus and shear thinning, translating into good printability. Shear-induced alignment of the Col fibrils along the printing direction was achieved and quantified via immunofluorescence and second-harmonic generation. Cell-free and cell-laden constructs were printed and characterized, analyzing the influence of the controlled microscopic anisotropy on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) migration. Anisotropic HA-Col showed cell-instructive properties modulating hMSC adhesion, morphology, and migration from micropellets stimulated by the presence and the orientation of Col fibers. Actin filament staining showed that hMSCs embedded in aligned constructs displayed increased cytoskeleton alignment along the fibril direction. Based on gene expression of cartilage/bone markers and ECM production, hMSCs embedded in the isotropic bioink displayed chondrogenic differentiation comparable with standard pellet culture by means of proteoglycan production (safranin O staining and proteoglycan quantification). The possibility of printing matrix components with control over microscopic alignment brings biofabrication one step closer to capturing the complexity of native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Schwab
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - C. Hélary
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Laboratoire de Chimie de La Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Paris, France
| | - R.G. Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M. Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - D. Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M. D'Este
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
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Key B, Arlinghaus R, Browman HI, Cooke SJ, Cowx IG, Diggles BK, Rose JD, Sawynok W, Schwab A, Skiftesvik AB, Stevens ED, Watson CA. Problems with equating thermal preference with 'emotional fever' and sentience: comment on 'Fish can show emotional fever: stress-induced hyperthermia in zebrafish' by Rey et al. (2015). Proc Biol Sci 2019; 284:rspb.2016.0681. [PMID: 28100812 PMCID: PMC5310028 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Key
- Brain Growth and Regeneration Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - R Arlinghaus
- Dept Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries & Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - H I Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Storebø, Norway
| | - S J Cooke
- Dept Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - I G Cowx
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - B K Diggles
- DigsFish Services, Banksia Beach, Queensland 4507, Australia
| | - J D Rose
- Dept Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - W Sawynok
- Infofish Australia, Frenchville, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - A Schwab
- Schwab & Sohn, 3507 Biglen, Switzerland
| | | | - E D Stevens
- Biomed Sci, Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - C A Watson
- Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Koch A, Schwab A. Cutaneous pH landscape as a facilitator of melanoma initiation and progression. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13105. [PMID: 29802798 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma incidence is on the rise and currently causes the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Yet, therapies for metastatic melanoma are still insufficient so that new concepts are essential. Malignant transformation of melanocytes and melanoma progression are intimately linked to the cutaneous pH landscape and its dysregulation in tumour lesions. The pH landscape of normal skin is characterized by a large pH gradient of up to 3 pH units between surface and dermis. The Na+ /H+ exchanger NHE1 is one of the major contributors of acidity in superficial skin layers. It is also activated by the most frequent mutation in melanoma, BRAFV 600E , thereby causing pH dysregulation during melanoma initiation. Melanoma progression is supported by an extracellular acidification and/or NHE1 activity which promote the escape of single melanoma cells from the primary tumour, migration and metastatic spreading. We propose that viewing melanoma against the background of the acid-base physiology of the skin provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and allows the development of novel therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Koch
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - A. Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
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Ceppi P, Schwab A. PO-166 Polyol pathway connects glucose metabolism with cancer differentiation and EMT. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mustafa A, Seeley J, Munirama S, Columb M, McKendrick M, Schwab A, Corner G, Eisma R, Mcleod G. Investigation into the visual perceptive ability of anaesthetists during ultrasound-guided interscalene and femoral blocks conducted on soft embalmed cadavers: a randomised single-blind study. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:854-859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Diggles BK, Arlinghaus R, Browman HI, Cooke SJ, Cowx IG, Kasumyan AO, Key B, Rose JD, Sawynok W, Schwab A, Skiftesvik AB, Stevens ED, Watson CA, Wynne CDL. Responses of larval zebrafish to low pH immersion assay. Comment on Lopez-Luna et al. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:3191-3192. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.162834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. K. Diggles
- DigsFish Services, Banksia Beach, QLD 4507, Australia
| | - R. Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries & Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 12587, Germany
| | - H. I. Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Sauganeset 16, 5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - S. J. Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - I. G. Cowx
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - A. O. Kasumyan
- Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - B. Key
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - J. D. Rose
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - W. Sawynok
- Infofish Australia, Frenchville, QLD 4701, Australia
| | | | - A. B. Skiftesvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Sauganeset 16, 5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - E. D. Stevens
- Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - C. A. Watson
- Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 33547, USA
| | - C. D. L. Wynne
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Kimpton LS, Schwab A, Ehlicke F, Waters SL, Please CP, Whiteley JP, Byrne HM. A mathematical model for cell infiltration and proliferation in a chondral defect. Math Biosci 2017; 292:46-56. [PMID: 28735871 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We develop a mathematical model to describe the regeneration of a hydrogel inserted into an ex vivo osteochondral explant. Specifically we use partial differential equations to describe the evolution of two populations of cells that migrate from the tissue surrounding the defect, proliferate, and compete for space and resources within the hydrogel. The two cell populations are chondrocytes and cells that infiltrate from the subchondral bone. Model simulations are used to investigate how different seeding strategies and growth factor placement within the hydrogel affect the spatial distribution of both cell types. Since chondrocyte migration is extremely slow, we conclude that the hydrogel should be seeded with chondrocytes prior to culture in order to obtain zonal chondrocyte distributions typical of those associated with healthy cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Kimpton
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - A Schwab
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - F Ehlicke
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - S L Waters
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - C P Please
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - J P Whiteley
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, United Kingdom.
| | - H M Byrne
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
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Munirama S, Zealley K, Schwab A, Columb M, Corner G, Eisma R, McLeod G. Trainee anaesthetist diagnosis of intraneural injection—a study comparing B-mode ultrasound with the fusion of B-mode and elastography in the soft embalmed Thiel cadaver model. Br J Anaesth 2016; 117:792-800. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zaccagnino A, Pilarsky C, Tawfik D, Sebens S, Trauzold A, Novak I, Schwab A, Kalthoff H. In silico analysis of the transportome in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Eur Biophys J 2016; 45:749-763. [PMID: 27652669 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The altered expression and/or activity of ion channels and transporters (transportome) have been associated with malignant behavior of cancer cells and were proposed to be a hallmark of cancer. However, the impact of altered transportome in epithelial cancers, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as well as its pathophysiological consequences, still remains unclear. Here, we report the in silico analysis of 840 transportome genes in PDAC patients' tissues. Our study was focused on the transportome changes and their correlation with functional and behavioral responses in PDAC tumor and stromal compartments. The dysregulated gene expression datasets were filtered using a cut-off of fold-change values ≤-2 or ≥2 (adjusted p value ≤0.05). The dysregulated transportome genes were clearly associated with impaired physiological secretory mechanisms and/or pH regulation, control of cell volume, and cell polarity. Additionally, some down-regulated transportome genes were found to be closely linked to epithelial cell differentiation. Furthermore, the observed decrease in genes coding for calcium and chloride transport might be a mechanism for evasion of apoptosis. In conclusion, the current work provides a comprehensive overview of the altered transportome expression and its association with predicted PDAC malignancy with special focus on the epithelial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaccagnino
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - C Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, University Clinic, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Tawfik
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Trauzold
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - I Novak
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27 b, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - H Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Stevens ED, Arlinghaus R, Browman HI, Cooke SJ, Cowx IG, Diggles BK, Key B, Rose JD, Sawynok W, Schwab A, Skiftesvik AB, Watson CA, Wynne CDL. Stress is not pain. Comment on Elwood and Adams (2015) 'Electric shock causes physiological stress responses in shore crabs, consistent with prediction of pain'. Biol Lett 2016; 12:rsbl.2015.1006. [PMID: 27048466 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E D Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Science, Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - R Arlinghaus
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H I Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, Storebø, Norway
| | - S J Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - I G Cowx
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, Hull, Humberside, UK
| | | | - B Key
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - J D Rose
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming Laramie, WY, USA
| | - W Sawynok
- Infofish Australia, Frenchville, Australia
| | | | | | - C A Watson
- Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C D L Wynne
- Department Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Schemionek M, Herrmann O, Reher MM, Chatain N, Schubert C, Costa IG, Hänzelmann S, Gusmao EG, Kintsler S, Braunschweig T, Hamilton A, Helgason GV, Copland M, Schwab A, Müller-Tidow C, Li S, Holyoake TL, Brümmendorf TH, Koschmieder S. Mtss1 is a critical epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor in CML. Leukemia 2015; 30:823-32. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lastraioli E, Perrone G, Sette A, Fiore A, Crociani O, Manoli S, D'Amico M, Masselli M, Iorio J, Callea M, Borzomati D, Nappo G, Bartolozzi F, Santini D, Bencini L, Farsi M, Boni L, Di Costanzo F, Schwab A, Onetti Muda A, Coppola R, Arcangeli A. hERG1 channels drive tumour malignancy and may serve as prognostic factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1076-87. [PMID: 25719829 PMCID: PMC4366888 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: hERG1 channels are aberrantly expressed in human cancers. The expression, functional role and clinical significance of hERG1 channels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is lacking. Methods: hERG1 expression was tested in PDAC primary samples assembled as tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry using an anti-hERG1 monoclonal antibody (α-hERG1-MoAb). The functional role of hERG1 was studied in PDAC cell lines and primary cultures. ERG1 expression during PDAC progression was studied in Pdx-1-Cre,LSL-KrasG12D/+,LSL-Trp53R175H/+ transgenic (KPC) mice. ERG1 expression in vivo was determined by optical imaging using Alexa-680-labelled α-hERG1-MoAb. Results: (i) hERG1 was expressed at high levels in 59% of primary PDAC; (ii) hERG1 blockade decreased PDAC cell growth and migration; (iii) hERG1 was physically and functionally linked to the Epidermal Growth Factor-Receptor pathway; (iv) in transgenic mice, ERG1 was expressed in PanIN lesions, reaching high expression levels in PDAC; (v) PDAC patients whose primary tumour showed high hERG1 expression had a worse prognosis; (vi) the α-hERG1-MoAb could detect PDAC in vivo. Conclusions: hERG1 regulates PDAC malignancy and its expression, once validated in a larger cohort also comprising of late-stage, non-surgically resected cases, may be exploited for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in PDAC either ex vivo or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lastraioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - G Perrone
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, via del Portillo 200, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - A Sette
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - A Fiore
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - O Crociani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - S Manoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - M D'Amico
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence 50134, Italy [2] DI.V.A.L Toscana Srl, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - M Masselli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - J Iorio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - M Callea
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, via del Portillo 200, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - D Borzomati
- Department of General Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, via del Portillo 200, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - G Nappo
- Department of General Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, via del Portillo 200, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - F Bartolozzi
- Casa di Cura Villa Margherita, Viale di Villa Massimo 48, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - D Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, via del Portillo 200, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - L Bencini
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - M Farsi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - L Boni
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi/Istituto Toscano Tumori, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - F Di Costanzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - A Schwab
- Physiologisches Institut II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - A Onetti Muda
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, via del Portillo 200, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - R Coppola
- Department of General Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, via del Portillo 200, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - A Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence 50134, Italy
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16
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Lindemann O, Strodthoff C, Horstmann M, Nielsen N, Jung F, Schimmelpfennig S, Heitzmann M, Schwab A. TRPC1 regulates fMLP-stimulated migration and chemotaxis of neutrophil granulocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1853:2122-30. [PMID: 25595528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils form the first line of defense of the innate immune system and are rapidly recruited by chemotactic signals to sites of inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms of neutrophil chemotaxis is therefore of great interest for the potential development of new immunoregulatory therapies. It has been shown that members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels are involved in both cell migration and chemotaxis. In this study, we demonstrate that TRPC1 channels play an important role in fMLP mediated chemotaxis and migration of murine neutrophils. The knock-out of TRPC1 channels leads to an impaired migration, transmigration and chemotaxis of the neutrophils. In contrast, Ca²⁺ influx but not store release after activation of the TRPC1(-/-) neutrophils with fMLP is strongly enhanced. We show that the enhanced Ca²⁺ influx in the TRPC1(-/-) neutrophils is associated with a steepened front to rear gradient of the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration with higher levels at the cell rear. Taken together, this paper highlights a distinct role of TRPC1 in neutrophil migration and chemotaxis. We propose that TRPC1 controls the activity of further Ca²⁺ influx channels and thus regulates the maintenance of intracellular Ca²⁺ gradients which are critical for cell migration. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lindemann
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - C Strodthoff
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Horstmann
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - N Nielsen
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Schimmelpfennig
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Heitzmann
- Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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17
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Nielsen N, Lindemann O, Schwab A. TRP channels and STIM/ORAI proteins: sensors and effectors of cancer and stroma cell migration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5524-40. [PMID: 24724725 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer cells are strongly influenced by host cells within the tumour stroma and vice versa. This leads to the development of a tumour microenvironment with distinct physical and chemical properties that are permissive for tumour progression. The ability to migrate plays a central role in this mutual interaction. Migration of cancer cells is considered as a prerequisite for tumour metastasis and the migration of host stromal cells is required for reaching the tumour site. Increasing evidence suggests that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and STIM/ORAI proteins affect key calcium-dependent mechanisms implicated in both cancer and stroma cell migration. These include, among others, cytoskeletal remodelling, growth factor/cytokine signalling and production, and adaptation to tumour microenvironmental properties such as hypoxia and oxidative stress. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding TRP channels and STIM/ORAI proteins in cancer and stroma cell migration. We focus on how TRP channel or STIM/ORAI-mediated Ca(2+) signalling directly or indirectly influences cancer and stroma cell migration by affecting the above listed mechanisms. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nielsen
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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18
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Jacobsen KS, Zeeberg K, Sauter DRP, Poulsen KA, Hoffmann EK, Schwab A. The role of TMEM16A (ANO1) and TMEM16F (ANO6) in cell migration. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1753-62. [PMID: 23832500 PMCID: PMC3898376 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the TMEM16 family have recently been described as Ca2+-activated Cl− channels. They have been implicated in cancer and appear to be associated with poor patient prognosis. Here, we investigate the role of TMEM16 channels in cell migration, which is largely unknown. We focused on TMEM16A and TMEM16F channels that have the highest expression of TMEM16 channels in Ehrlich Lettre ascites (ELA) cells. Due to the lack of specific pharmacological modulators, we employed a miRNA approach and stably knocked down the expression of TMEM16A and TMEM16F channels, respectively. Migration analysis shows that TMEM16A KD clones are affected in their directional migration, whereas TMEM16F KD clones show a 40 % reduced rate of cell migration. Moreover, TMEM16A KD clones have a smaller projected cell area, and they are rounder than TMEM16F KD clones. The morphological changes are linearly correlated with the directionality of cells. TMEM16A and TMEM16F, thus, have an important function in cell migration—TMEM16A in directional migration, TMEM16F in determination of the speed of migration. We conclude that TMEM16A and TMEM16F channels have a distinct impact on the steering and motor mechanisms of migrating ELA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Jacobsen
- Department of Biology, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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19
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Umlauf D, Hidding H, Lindemann L, Frank S, Dankbar B, Cromme C, Rupp M, Stange R, Marshall R, Amling M, Dietrich A, Steiner M, Kornak U, Schwab A, Pap T, Bertrand J. OP0041 Essential role for TRPC1 channels in osteoclast fusion and in osteoporotic bone loss. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Camussone C, Rejf P, Pujato N, Schwab A, Marcipar I, Calvinho L. Genotypic and phenotypic detection of capsular polysaccharides in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections in Argentina. Braz J Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Stock C, Ludwig FT, Schwab A. Is the multifunctional Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 a potential therapeutic target in cancer? Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:647-60. [PMID: 22204338 DOI: 10.2174/092986712798992101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is a ubiquitously expressed transporter fulfilling a variety of cell physiological tasks. By importing Na(+) and exporting H(+), NHE1 contributes to regulatory volume increase and cytoplasmic pH homeostasis. In addition it anchors the cytoskeleton in the plasma membrane. NHE1 plays a critical role in mediating the progression of reperfusion injuries after ischemia. Moreover, it is upregulated and/or overexpressed in a number of tumour cells. In many cases an elevated NHE1 activity can be correlated with an increase in cell motility and malignancy. Consequently, NHE1 including its regulators may represent potential targets in anticancer therapy. Different NHE1 inhibitors are compared and possible clinical exploitations of NHE1 inhibition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stock
- Institute of Physiology II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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22
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Camussone C, Rejf P, Pujato N, Schwab A, Marcipar I, Calvinho L. Genotypic and phenotypic detection of capsular polysaccharides in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections in Argentina. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1010-4. [PMID: 24031920 PMCID: PMC3768870 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120003000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (n=157) isolated from intramammary infections in Argentine dairy areas were evaluated for presence of cap5 and cap8 loci. Isolates carrying cap5 and cap8 were serotyped using specific antisera. Sixty four percent of the isolates were genotyped as cap5 or cap8 and 50% of them expressed CP5 or 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Camussone
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, INTA. Ruta 34, Km 227, (2300) Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - P. Rejf
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Rvdo. Padre Kreder 2805, (3080) Esperanza, Santa Fe,
| | - N. Pujato
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Paraje El Pozo, CC242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A. Schwab
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Paraje El Pozo, CC242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - I. Marcipar
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Paraje El Pozo, CC242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L.F. Calvinho
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, INTA. Ruta 34, Km 227, (2300) Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Rvdo. Padre Kreder 2805, (3080) Esperanza, Santa Fe,
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23
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Munirama S, Satapathy AR, Schwab A, Eisma R, Corner GA, Cochran S, Soames R, McLeod GA. Translation of sonoelastography from Thiel cadaver to patients for peripheral nerve blocks*. Anaesthesia 2012; 67:721-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Munirama S, McLeod GA, Eisma R, Schwab A, Corner G, Soames R, Cochran S. Application of sonoelastography to regional anaesthesia: a descriptive study with the Thiel embalmed cadaver model. Ultrasound 2012. [DOI: 10.1258/ult.2011.011039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia (UGRA) is being used increasingly in patients but varying patient characteristics make it difficult to visualize needles and spread of local anaesthetic fluid. Methods To evaluate the use of elastography for UGRA by performing ultrasound-guided nerve blocks in Thiel embalmed cadavers. Both upper limb and lower limb blocks were performed on cadavers with ultrasound guidance. B-mode and elastography images obtained on split screen were analysed. Results The B-mode images were superior compared with the ultrasound elastography images with respect to the anatomical details; however, dynamic changes such as fluid spread were visualized better with elastography. Conclusion The elastography images also had good dose response to the volume of the injectate implying its usefulness in detecting local anaesthetic spread when low volumes are used as test doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Munirama
- Department of Anaesthesia, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - G A McLeod
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - R Eisma
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - A Schwab
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - G Corner
- Department of Medical Physics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - R Soames
- Department of Anaesthesia, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - S Cochran
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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25
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Umlauf D, Hidding H, Lindemann O, Dankbar B, Frank S, Cromme C, Dietrich A, Marshall RP, Amling M, Steiner M, Kornak U, Schwab A, Pap T, Bertrand J. Transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 dependent pathways are required for osteoclast fusion and mediate osteoporotic bone loss. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201237.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Schwab A. Epistemic Humility and Medical Practice: Translating Epistemic Categories into Ethical Obligations. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 2012; 37:28-48. [DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhr054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Rauscher M, Schwab A, Schwieger W, Rauscher M. Bindemittelfreie ZSM-5-Formkörper auf Basis von porösen Gläsern durch In-situ-Kristallisation: Herstellung, Eigenschaften und katalytische Testung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Lindemann O, Umlauf D, Mally S, Bertrand J, Fabian A, Dietrich A, Schwab A, Pap T. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels contribute to neutrophil chemotaxis during the inflammatory response. Ann Rheum Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.129627q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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29
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Arlinghaus R, Schwab A, Cooke SJ, Cowx IG. Contrasting pragmatic and suffering-centred approaches to fish welfare in recreational angling. J Fish Biol 2009; 75:2448-2463. [PMID: 20738501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two views dealing with fish welfare in recreational fishing are discussed in an effort to stimulate the current discourse on the topic. The pragmatic approach asks whether and how strongly recreational fishing compromises the health and fitness of individual fishes and what can be done to avoid or mitigate such effects. Its implementation rests on accepting recreational fishing as a principally legitimate activity. The second approach to fish welfare focuses on suffering and pain in fishes and is usually morally prescriptive. Its central tenet is that some or all recreational fishing practices may be unacceptable unless sufficient benefits to humans are created, which justify the supposedly cruel treatment of the fishes. The pragmatic approach to fish welfare is preferred because it relies on objectively measurable variables of impaired fish welfare (e.g. physiological, behavioural or fitness indicators) and does not question recreational fishing on moral grounds. Contrary to a suffering-centred approach to fish welfare, a pragmatic perspective emphasizes positive messages and facilitates constructive dialogue among stakeholders. In contrast, a suffering-centred approach to fish welfare tends to promote tension and enduring conflict that cannot be reconciled objectively and thus should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Schroer CG, Boye P, Feldkamp JM, Patommel J, Schropp A, Schwab A, Stephan S, Burghammer M, Schöder S, Riekel C. Coherent x-ray diffraction imaging with nanofocused illumination. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:090801. [PMID: 18851597 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.090801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Coherent x-ray diffraction imaging is an x-ray microscopy technique with the potential of reaching spatial resolutions well beyond the diffraction limits of x-ray microscopes based on optics. However, the available coherent dose at modern x-ray sources is limited, setting practical bounds on the spatial resolution of the technique. By focusing the available coherent flux onto the sample, the spatial resolution can be improved for radiation-hard specimens. A small gold particle (size <100 nm) was illuminated with a hard x-ray nanobeam (E=15.25 keV, beam dimensions approximately 100 x 100 nm2) and is reconstructed from its coherent diffraction pattern. A resolution of about 5 nm is achieved in 600 s exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Schroer
- Institute of Structural Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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31
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Fabian A, Fortmann T, Dieterich P, Riethmüller C, Schön P, Mally S, Nilius B, Schwab A. TRPC1 channels regulate directionality of migrating cells. Pflugers Arch 2008; 457:475-84. [PMID: 18542994 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-008-0515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration depends on the generation of structural asymmetry and on different steps: protrusion and adhesion at the front and traction and detachment at the rear part of the cell. The activity of Ca(2+) channels coordinate these steps by arranging intracellular Ca(2+) signals along the axis of movement. Here, we investigated the role of the putative mechanosensitive canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) in cell migration. We analyzed its function in transformed renal epithelial (Madin-Darby canine kidney-focus) cells with variation of TRPC1 expression. As shown by time lapse video microscopy, TRPC1 knockdown cells have partially lost their polarity and the ability to persistently migrate into a given direction. This failure is linked to the suppression of a local Ca(2+) gradient at the front of migrating TRPC1 knockdown cells, whereas TRPC1 overexpression leads to steeper Ca(2+) gradients. We propose that the Ca(2+) signaling events regulated by TRPC1 within the lamellipodium determine polarity and directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fabian
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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32
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Waning J, Vriens J, Owsianik G, Stüwe L, Mally S, Fabian A, Frippiat C, Nilius B, Schwab A. A novel function of capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1 channels: Involvement in cell migration. Cell Calcium 2007; 42:17-25. [PMID: 17184838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration relies on a tight temporal and spatial regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). [Ca2+]i in turn depends on Ca2+ influx via channels in the plasma membrane whose molecular nature is still largely unknown for migrating cells. A mechanosensitive component of the Ca2+ influx pathway was suggested. We show here that the capsaicin-sensitive transient receptor potential channel TRPV1, that plays an important role in pain transduction, is one of the Ca2+ influx channels involved in cell migration. Activating TRPV1 channels with capsaicin leads to an acceleration of human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells pretreated with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The speed rises by up to 50% and the displacement is doubled. Patch clamp experiments revealed the presence of capsaicin and resiniferatoxin (RTX)-sensitive currents. In contrast, HepG2 cells kept in the absence of HGF are not accelerated by capsaicin and express no capsaicin- or RTX-sensitive current. The TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine prevents the stimulation of migration and inhibits capsaicin-sensitive currents. Finally, we compared the contribution of capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1 channels to cell migration with that of mechanosensitive TRPV4 channels that are also expressed in HepG2 cells. A specific TRPV4 agonist, 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, does not increase the displacement. In summary, we assigned a novel role to capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1 channels. They are important Ca2+ influx channels required for cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Waning
- Institut für Physiologie II, Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Walpoth B, Schmid M, Schwab A, Bosshard A, Cikirikcioglu M, Eckstein FS, Carrel TP, Hess OM. Normalisation of IMA-flow after coronary bypass surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Cell migration plays a basic role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes such as embryogenesis, immune defence, wound healing or metastasis. The activity of the ubiquitously expressed NHE1 isoform of the plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger is one of the requirements for directed locomotion of migrating cells and also contributes to cell adhesion. The mechanisms by which NHE1 is involved in cell migration are multiple. NHE1 contributes to cell migration by affecting the cell volume, by regulating the intracellular pH and thereby the assembly and activity of cytoskeletal elements, by anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, by signalling, by regulating gene expression and by controlling cell adhesion. The present article gives a review of the different ways in which NHE1 is involved in and contributes to cell migration. These different mechanisms complement one another forming an intricate, integrative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stock
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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35
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Schwab A, Rossmann H, Klein M, Dieterich P, Gassner B, Neff C, Stock C, Seidler U. Functional role of Na+-HCO3- cotransport in migration of transformed renal epithelial cells. J Physiol 2005; 568:445-58. [PMID: 16037087 PMCID: PMC1474735 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.092957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/19/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is crucial for immune defence, wound healing or formation of tumour metastases. It has been shown that the activity of the Na(+)-H(+) exchanger (NHE1) plays an important role in cell migration. However, so far it is unknown whether Na(+)- HCO(3)(-) cotransport (NBC), which has similar functions in the regulation of intracellular pH (pH(i)) as NHE1, is also involved in cell migration. We therefore isolated NHE-deficient Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-F) cells and tested whether NBC compensates for NHE in pH(i) and cell volume regulation as well as in migration. Intracellular pH was measured with the fluorescent pH indicator 2'7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). The expression of NBC isoforms was determined with semiquantitative PCR. Migration was monitored with time-lapse video microscopy and quantified as the displacement of the cell centre. We found that MDCK-F cells express the isoform NBC1 (SLCA4A gene product) at a much higher level than the isoform kNBC3 (SLCA4A8 gene product). This difference is even more pronounced in NHE-deficient cells so that NBC1 is likely to be the major acid extruder in these cells and the major mediator of propionate-induced cell volume increase. NHE-deficient MDCK-F cells migrate more slowly than normal MDCK-F cells. NBC activity promotes migration during an acute intracellular acid load and increases migratory speed and displacement on a short timescale (< 30 min) whereas it has no effect on the long-term behaviour of migrating MDCK-F cells. Taken together, our results show that NBC actvity, despite many functional similarities, does not have the same importance for cell migration as NHE1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, Münster, Germany.
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36
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Wach J, Marín-Burgin A, Klusch A, Forster C, Engert S, Schwab A, Petersen M. Low-threshold heat receptor in chick sensory neurons is upregulated independently of nerve growth factor after nerve injury. Neuroscience 2003; 117:513-9. [PMID: 12617958 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the cloned low-threshold heat receptor, vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1), is involved in the genesis of thermal hyperalgesia after inflammation. However, there is evidence that VR1 is not involved in the thermal hyperalgesia that occurs after nerve injury. In search for other heat receptors which might be involved in this phenomenon, we previously demonstrated that chick dorsal root ganglion neurons, which are insensitive to capsaicin, respond to low-threshold heat. Here, we investigated whether expression of the low-threshold noxious heat receptor in chicks is regulated by nerve growth factor (NGF), as VR1 is in mammals. Heat (44 degrees C) responsiveness of isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons of chicks was investigated (i) under culture conditions for up to 4 days with and without NGF and (ii) after a tight ligation of the sciatic nerve for up to 6 days, using cobalt-uptake method. In every case, a significant upregulation in the proportion of heat-responsive neurons was observed. On the molecular level, there was an increase of chick VR1 mRNA level in dorsal root ganglion cells cultured for 3 days in medium lacking NGF. In rat dorsal root ganglion neurons cultured for 1-4 days without NGF, patch-clamp experiments revealed that after 1 day almost all neurons responding to heat also responded to capsaicin, whereas after 3-4 days, more than one-half of the heat-responsive neurons did not respond to capsaicin. These data suggest the existence of low-threshold heat receptors in chick dorsal root ganglion neurons, the expression of which is regulated independently of NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wach
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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38
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Cowan JC, Wheeler D, Teeter H, Paschke R, Scholfield C, Schwab A, Jackson J, Bull W, Earle F, Foster R, Bond W, Beal R, Skell P, Wolff I, Mehltretter C. Polymerization of Drying Oils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie50476a031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Abstract
Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels (IK1 channels) are required for many physiological functions such as cell proliferation, epithelial transport or cell migration. They are regulated by the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and by phosphorylation-dependent reactions. Here, we investigate by means of the patch-clamp technique mechanisms by which protein kinase C (PKC) regulates the canine isoform, cIK1, cloned from transformed renal epithelial (MDCK-F) cells. cIK1 elicits a K+-selective, inwardly rectifying, and Ca2+-dependent current when expressed in HEK293 or CHO cells. It is inhibited by charybdotoxin, clotrimazole, and activated by 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolone. cIK1 is activated by intracellular application of ATP or ATP[gS]. ATP-dependent activation is reversed by PKC inhibitors (bisindolylmaleimide, calphostin C), while stimulation with ATP[gS] resists PKC inhibition. Stimulation of protein kinase C with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) leads to the acute activation of cIK1 currents, which are blocked by PKC inhibitors. In contrast, PKC depletion by overnight incubation with PMA prevents ATP-dependent cIK1 activation. Neither single mutations nor the simultaneous mutation of all PKC sites (T101, S178, T329) to alanine alter the acute regulation of cIK1 channels by PKC. However, current amplitudes of CIK1-T329A and the triple mutant are dramatically increased upon long-term treatment with PMA. These mutations thereby disclose an inhibitory effect on cIKl current of the PKC site at T329. Our results indicate that cIK1 channel activity is regulated in two ways. PKC-dependent activation of cIK1 channels occurs indirectly, while the inhibitory effect probably requires a direct interaction with the channel protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wulf
- Physiologisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
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40
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Hoenicke K, Simat TJ, Steinhart H, Köhler HJ, Schwab A. Determination of free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid, tryptophan, and tryptophan metabolites in grape must and wine. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:5494-501. [PMID: 11714350 DOI: 10.1021/jf010575v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites, especially indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), are considered to be potential precursors of 2-aminoacetophenone (AAP), an aroma compound that causes an "untypical aging off-flavor" (UTA) in Vitis vinifera wines. In this study, RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Trp and Trp metabolites in grape musts and wines to which different viticultural measures had been applied (time of harvest, soil treatment, leaf plucking, vine prune). An alkaline hydrolysis was developed to release bound IAA and Trp. A sensitive and selective determination of different Trp metabolites was achieved after solid phase extraction using a strong anion exchange material. In the examined grape musts, more than 95% of the total IAA was bound either as ester conjugate or as amide conjugate. Free IAA and other Trp metabolites were below the detection limit (<3 microg/L) or could be determined only in traces. Their amounts increased significantly during fermentation, whereas the amount of Trp decreased. It could be shown that the different viticultural measures applied (except the vine prune) as well as the climatic conditions of the vintage exhibited significant influences on the amounts of Trp and Trp metabolites in grape musts or wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hoenicke
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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41
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Abstract
Cell migration plays a central role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as embryogenesis, immune defense, wound healing, or the formation of tumor metastases. Detailed models have been developed that describe cytoskeletal mechanisms of cell migration. However, evidence is emerging that ion channels and transporters also play an important role in cell migration. The purpose of this review is to examine the function and subcellular distribution of ion channels and transporters in cell migration. Topics covered will be a brief overview of cytoskeletal mechanisms of migration, the role of ion channels and transporters involved in cell migration, and ways by which a polarized distribution of ion channels and transporters can be achieved in migrating cells. Moreover, a model is proposed that combines ion transport with cytoskeletal mechanisms of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schwab
- Physiologisches Institut, Röntgenring 9, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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Shah NJ, Marshall JC, Zafiris O, Schwab A, Zilles K, Markowitsch HJ, Fink GR. The neural correlates of person familiarity. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study with clinical implications. Brain 2001; 124:804-15. [PMID: 11287379 DOI: 10.1093/brain/124.4.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural activity was measured in 10 healthy volunteers by functional MRI while they viewed familiar and unfamiliar faces and listened to familiar and unfamiliar voices. The familiar faces and voices were those of people personally known to the subjects; they were not people who are more widely famous in the media. Changes in neural activity associated with stimulus modality irrespective of familiarity were observed in modules previously demonstrated to be activated by faces (fusiform gyrus bilaterally) and voices (superior temporal gyrus bilaterally). Irrespective of stimulus modality, familiarity of faces and voices (relative to unfamiliar faces and voices) was associated with increased neural activity in the posterior cingulate cortex, including the retrosplenial cortex. Our results suggest that recognizing a person involves information flow from modality-specific modules in the temporal cortex to the retrosplenial cortex. The latter area has recently been implicated in episodic memory and emotional salience, and now seems to be a key area involved in assessing the familiarity of a person. We propose that disturbances in the information flow described may underlie neurological and psychiatric disorders of the recognition of familiar faces, voices and persons (prosopagnosia, phonagnosia and Capgras delusion, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Shah
- Institut für Medizin, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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43
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Abstract
Cell migration plays a crucial role in a variety of (patho)physiological processes such as immune defense, wound healing, and formation of tumor metastases. Detailed models have been developed to describe cytoskeletal mechanisms of migration. However, evidence is accumulating that the activity of ion channels and transporters is also required for optimal cell locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schwab
- Physiologisches Institut, Röntgenring 9, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
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44
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Schwab A, Klein M, Rossmann H, Seidler U. The role of Na+/H+ exchange and Na+-HCO3− cotransport for cell migration. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)80265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Schwab A, Reinhardt J, Schneider SW, Gassner B, Schuricht B. K(+) channel-dependent migration of fibroblasts and human melanoma cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2000; 9:126-32. [PMID: 10494026 DOI: 10.1159/000016309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that migration of transformed renal epithelial cells (MDCK-F cells) is a K(+) channel-dependent process [J Clin Invest 1994;93:1631]. In order to determine whether K(+) channel activity is a general requirement for locomotion, we extended our observations to NIH3T3 fibroblasts and human melanoma cells. Migration of both cell types and its dependence on K(+) channel activity was measured at the single cell level by time lapse photography in the absence and presence of the specific K(+) channel blocker charybdotoxin (CTX). Locomotion of both cell types is inhibited by K(+) channel blockade. CTX slows down migration of fibroblasts and of melanoma cells dose-dependently by up to 61 +/- 11%. These findings suggest that K(+) channel activity is a general prerequisite for migration. To determine whether CTX-induced inhibition of migration of fibroblasts and melanoma cells involves quantitative changes of actin filaments, we indirectly measured filamentous actin by quantitating binding of fluorescently labeled phalloidin. Whereas CTX elicits a decrease of bound phalloidin in fibroblasts there is an increase in melanoma cells. Since migration of tumor cells is required for invading surrounding tissue, we developed an assay to test whether CTX-induced inhibition of migration also impairs invasion of melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were seeded on a layer of high resistance renal epithelial cells (MDCK cells clone C7; transepithelial resistance R(te) >3,000 Omegacm(2)) and R(te) was measured daily. R(te) starts to decrease 2 days after seeding of melanoma cells onto MDCK-C7 cells. By day 7, R(te) has dropped to 24 +/- 1.5% of control. K(+) channel blockade with CTX (10 nmol/l) cannot prevent or delay this drop of R(te). R(te) reaches the same level with or without CTX. These results indicate that the disruption of an epithelial layer, unlike migration of melanoma cells, cannot be modulated by K(+) channel blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schwab
- Physiologische Institute, Würzburg, Deutschland.
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46
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Hoenicke K, Simat TJ, Steinhart H, Christoph N, Köhler HJ, Schwab A. Determination of tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites in grape must and wine. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 467:671-7. [PMID: 10721117 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites, especially indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), are considered as potential precursors of 2-aminoacetophenone (AAP), an aroma compound which causes the "untypical aging off-flavor" (UTA) in Vitis vinifera white wines. In this study RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Trp and Trp-metabolites in 39 grapes, 22 grape musts and 16 wines, to which different viticultural conditions (ripeness, pruning, strip of leaves, soil condition) have been applied. A sensitive and selective determination was achieved after solid phase extraction using an anion exchange material. Only traces of Trp-metabolites could be determined in the examined grapes and grape musts, but their amounts increased significantly during fermentation, whereas the amount of Trp decreased. Different viticultural measures, besides the time of grape harvest, showed no significant influences on the amount of Trp and Trp-metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hoenicke
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Biochemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Hamburg.
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47
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Schneider SW, Pagel P, Rotsch C, Danker T, Oberleithner H, Radmacher M, Schwab A. Volume dynamics in migrating epithelial cells measured with atomic force microscopy. Pflugers Arch 2000; 439:297-303. [PMID: 10650981 DOI: 10.1007/s004249900176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Migration of transformed renal epithelial cells (transformed Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, MDCK-F cells) relies on the activity of a Ca(2+)-sensitive K+ channel (IK channel) that is more active at the rear end of these cells. We have postulated that intermittent IK channel activity induces local cell shrinkage at the rear end of migrating MDCK-F cells and thereby supports the cytoskeletal mechanisms of migration. However, due to the complex morphology of MDCK-F cells we have not yet been able to measure volume changes directly. The aim of the present study was to devise a new technique employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure the volume of MDCK-F cells in their physiological environment and to demonstrate its dependence on IK channel activity. The spatial (x, y' and z) co-ordinates of each pixel of the three-dimensional image of MDCK-F cells allow calculation of the volume of the column "underneath" a given pixel. Thus, total cell volume is the sum of all pixel-defined columns. The mean volume of 17 MDCK-F cells was 2500+/-300 fl. Blockade of the IK channel with the specific inhibitor charybdotoxin (CTX) increased cell volume by 17+/-4%; activation of IK by elevating the intracellular [Ca2+] with the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin decreased cell volume by 19+/-3%. Subtraction images (experimental minus control) reveal that swelling and shrinkage occur predominantly at the rear end of MDCK-F cells. In summary, our experiments show that AFM allows the measurement not only of total cell volume of living cells in their physiological environment but also the tracing of local effects induced by the polarized distribution of K+ channel activity.
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48
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Warth R, Hamm K, Bleich M, Kunzelmann K, von Hahn T, Schreiber R, Ullrich E, Mengel M, Trautmann N, Kindle P, Schwab A, Greger R. Molecular and functional characterization of the small Ca(2+)-regulated K+ channel (rSK4) of colonic crypts. Pflugers Arch 1999; 438:437-44. [PMID: 10519135 DOI: 10.1007/s004249900059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Colonic crypt cells possess basolateral Ca(2+)-regulated K+ channels which support Cl- secretion by providing the necessary driving force. The pharmacological characteristics of these channels were examined in Ussing chamber experiments of rat and rabbit colon mucosa by the use of blockers. The chromanol 293B, a blocker of KVLQT1 channels, and clotrimazole (CTZ), a blocker of small Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels, blocked stimulated Cl- secretion completely. Small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels (SK) in excised basolateral patches of rat colonic crypts were inhibited concentration dependently by the imidazoles CTZ, NS004 and NS1619 and activated by 1-EBIO. These properties are similar to those of the known human SK channel (hSK4). hSK4-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes showed ionomycin-activated and CTZ-inhibited K+ currents. When P2Y2 receptors were coexpressed these currents were also activated by ATP. The concentration/response curve was identical to that of rat SK channels. In human colonocytes (T84) exposed to hSK4 antisense probes, but not to sense probes, carbachol-induced K+ currents were attenuated. With RT-PCR an hSK4 could be demonstrated in human colon and in T84 colonocytes. By homology cloning the SK of the rat colon (rSK4) was identified. This protein has a high homology to hSK4 and mouse IK1. These data indicate that the Ca(2+)-activated and imidazole-inhibited basolateral K+ current in the colon is caused by SK4 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Warth
- Physiologisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
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49
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Schwab A, Schuricht B, Seeger P, Reinhardt J, Dartsch PC. Migration of transformed renal epithelial cells is regulated by K+ channel modulation of actin cytoskeleton and cell volume. Pflugers Arch 1999; 438:330-7. [PMID: 10398863 DOI: 10.1007/s004240050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Migration of transformed renal epithelial (MDCK-F) cells depends on the polarized activity of a Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel (IK channel; Pflügers Arch 432:R87-R93, 1996). This study was aimed at elucidating the functional link between the IK channel and the actin cytoskeleton which is required for cell locomotion. We monitored migration of MDCK-F cells with video microscopy, quantified filamentous actin with phalloidin binding, and measured the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with the fluorescent dye fura-2/AM. We compared the effects of IK channel activation or inhibition with those of hypotonic swelling or hypertonic shrinkage. IK channel inhibition with charybdotoxin (CTX) or cell swelling (omission of up to 50 mmol/l NaCl) as well as IK channel activation with 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (1-EBIO) or cell shrinkage (addition of up to 100 mmol/l mannitol) reduce the rate of migration dose-dependently by up to 80%, i.e., to the same extent as cytochalasin D. Inhibition of migration is accompanied either by actin depolymerization (CTX and cell swelling) or by actin polymerization (1-EBIO and cell shrinkage). Changes of migration and phalloidin binding induced by CTX and cell swelling or by 1-EBIO and cell shrinkage, respectively, are linearly correlated with each other. CTX and cell swelling elicit a rise of [Ca2+]i whereas 1-EBIO and cell shrinkage induce a slight decrease of [Ca2+]i in most MDCK-F cells. Taken together IK-channel-dependent perturbations of cell volume and anisotonicity elicit virtually identical effects on migration, actin filaments and [Ca2+]i. We therefore suggest that cell volume - possibly via [Ca2+]i - is the link between IK channel activity, actin filaments and migration. We propose a model for how temporal and local changes of cell volume can support the migration of MDCK-F cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schwab
- Physiologisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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50
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Deuring A, Floeder K, Fromme D, Raith W, Schwab A, Sinapius G, Zitzewitz PW, Krug J. Total cross section measurements for positron and electron scattering on molecular hydrogen between 8 and 400 eV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/16/9/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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