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Zhang Y, Hei F, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Han J, Hu D, Wang H. Acidic fibroblast growth factor inhibits reactive oxygen species-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation in vascular endothelial cells via the miR-155-5p/SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to promote wound healing in diabetic mice. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae010. [PMID: 38803612 PMCID: PMC11129767 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Diabetic chronic wounds are among the most common and serious complications of diabetes and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a specific pathological state in which endothelial cells are transformed into mesenchymal cells in response to various stimuli, such as high glucose levels and high oxidative stress. Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), which is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, possesses strong antioxidant properties and can promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into angiogenic cells. Therefore, we investigated the role of aFGF in EndMT in diabetic wounds and analysed the underlying mechanisms. Methods A diabetic mouse model was used to verify the effect of aFGF on wound healing, and the effect of aFGF on vascular endothelial cells in a high-glucose environment was examined in vitro. We examined the expression of miR-155-5p in a high-glucose environment and the miR-155 downstream target gene SIRT1 by luciferase reporter assays. Results aFGF promoted wound closure and neovascularization in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. In vitro, aFGF inhibited the production of total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular endothelial cells and alleviated epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation in a high-glucose environment. Mechanistically, aFGF promoted the expression of SIRT1 and the downstream targets Nrf2 and HO-1 by negatively regulating miR-155-5p, thereby reducing ROS generation. Conclusions In conclusion, our results suggest that aFGF inhibits ROS-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation in diabetic vascular endothelial cells via the miR-155-5p/SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, thereby promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fenghui Hei
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yujie Xiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Juntao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Yang K, Sun J, Zhang Z, Xiao M, Ren D, Liu SM. Reduction of mRNA m 6A associates with glucose metabolism via YTHDC1 in human and mice. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 198:110607. [PMID: 36878322 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA is involved in glucose metabolism. Our goal is to investigate the relationship of glucose metabolism, m6A and YTH domain-containing protein 1 (YTHDC1), a binding protein to m6A, in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS HPLC-MS/MS and qRT-PCR were used to quantify m6A and YTHDC1 levels in white blood cells from patients with T2D and healthy individuals. MIP-CreERT and tamoxifen treatment were used to create β-cell Ythdc1 knockout mice (βKO). m6A sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed in wildtype/βKO islets and MIN6 cells to identify the differential genes. RESULTS In T2D patients, both of m6A and YTHDC1 levels were reduced and associated with fasting glucose. Deletion of Ythdc1 resulted in glucose intolerance and diabetes due to decreased insulin secretion, even though β-cell mass in βKO mice was comparable to wildtype mice. Moreover, Ythdc1 was shown to bind to SRSF3 (serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3) and CPSF6 (cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 6) in β-cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that YTHDC1 may regulate mRNA splicing and export by interacting with SRSF3 and CPSF6 to modulate glucose metabolism via regulating insulin secretion, implying YTHDC1 might be a novel potential target for lowing glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 5841, S. Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5841, S. Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mengyao Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Decheng Ren
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China.
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3
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Ji SH, Dong C, Chen R, Shen CC, Xiao J, Gu YJ, Gao JL. Effects of Variability in Glycemic Indices on Longevity in Chinese Centenarians. Front Nutr 2022; 9:955101. [PMID: 35879983 PMCID: PMC9307500 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.955101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large fluctuations in blood glucose levels greatly impact the health and life span of elderly individuals. This study describes the characteristics of variability in glycemic indices in centenarians with the aim of emphasizing the importance of glycemic variability in elderly people. Methods We recruited individuals from Rugao City, Jiangsu Province, China from April 2020 to May 2021. The study cohort included 60 centenarians and 60 first-generation offspring, as well as 20 randomly selected non-cohabitant control individuals aged 60–80 years. A FreeStyle Libre H (hospital version) continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device (Abbott Ireland UK) was used to measure glycemic variability. The indices measured included the time in target glucose range (TIR), time below target glucose range (TBR), time above target glucose range (TAR), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), mean of daily differences (MODD), coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), continuous overlapping net glycemic action (CONGA), glucose management indicator (GMI) and estimated glycated hemoglobin (eHbA1c). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between glycemic variability and longevity. Results Mean blood glucose (MBG), eHbA1c, GMI, mean fasting plasma glucose (M-FPG) and CONGA were lower in the centenarian group (p all < 0.05). PPGE-2 was higher in the control group than that measured in the centenarian and first-generation offspring groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups in MAGE, MODD, MAG, or TIR (p > 0.05). The risk of not achieving longevity increased with each one unit increase in MBG by 126% [2.26 (1.05–4.91)], eHbA1c by 67% [1.67 (1.03–2.72)], GMI by 568% [6.68 (1.11–40.30)], M-FPG by 365% [4.65 (1.57–13.75)], M-PPG1h by 98% [1.98 (1.18–3.31)], CONGA1 by 102% [2.02 (1.01–4.06)], Li by 200% [3.00 (1.04–8.61)], and PPGE-2 by 150% [2.50 (1.39–4.50)]. However, the risk of achieving longevity decreased with each unit increase of LBGI by 53% [0.47 (0.28–0.80)], ADRR by 60% [0.40 (0.18–0.86)], and TBR by 11% [0.89 (0.80–0.98)]. Conclusion Fluctuation in blood glucose levels in centenarians is relatively small. Maintaining an average blood glucose level and keeping blood glucose fluctuations in the normal range is conducive to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-han Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Research Center of Gerontology and Longevity, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rou Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen-chen Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rugao Bo'ai Branch of Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun-juan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Health Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yun-juan Gu
| | - Jian-lin Gao
- Research Center of Gerontology and Longevity, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Jian-lin Gao
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Hinojosa-Laborde C, Hudson IL, Ross E, Xiang L, Ryan KL. Pathophysiology of Hemorrhage as It Relates to the Warfighter. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:141-153. [PMID: 35001653 PMCID: PMC8977138 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Saving lives of wounded military Warfighters often depends on the ability to resolve or mitigate the pathophysiology of hemorrhage, specifically diminished oxygen delivery to vital organs that leads to multi-organ failure and death. However, caring for hemorrhaging patients on the battlefield presents unique challenges that extend beyond applying a tourniquet and giving a blood transfusion, especially when battlefield care must be provided for a prolonged period. This review will describe these challenges and potential strategies for treating hemorrhage on the battlefield in a prolonged casualty care situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian L Hudson
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Evan Ross
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lusha Xiang
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kathy L Ryan
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
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Maiese K. Nicotinamide as a Foundation for Treating Neurodegenerative Disease and Metabolic Disorders. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:134-149. [PMID: 33397266 PMCID: PMC8254823 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617999210104220334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders impact more than one billion individuals worldwide and are intimately tied to metabolic disease that can affect another nine hundred individuals throughout the globe. Nicotinamide is a critical agent that may offer fruitful prospects for neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Nicotinamide protects against multiple toxic environments that include reactive oxygen species exposure, anoxia, excitotoxicity, ethanolinduced neuronal injury, amyloid (Aß) toxicity, age-related vascular disease, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, excess lactate production, and loss of glucose homeostasis with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, nicotinamide offers cellular protection in a specific concentration range, with dosing outside of this range leading to detrimental effects. The underlying biological pathways of nicotinamide that involve the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs) may offer insight for the clinical translation of nicotinamide into a safe and efficacious therapy through the modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Nicotinamide is a highly promising target for the development of innovative strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disease, but the benefits of this foundation depend greatly on gaining a further understanding of nicotinamide's complex biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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6
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Sun J, Huang X, Niu C, Wang X, Li W, Liu M, Wang Y, Huang S, Chen X, Li X, Wang Y, Jin L, Xiao J, Cong W. aFGF alleviates diabetic endothelial dysfunction by decreasing oxidative stress via Wnt/β-catenin-mediated upregulation of HXK2. Redox Biol 2020; 39:101811. [PMID: 33360774 PMCID: PMC7772795 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications of diabetes are a serious challenge in clinical practice, and effective treatments are an unmet clinical need. Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) has potent anti-oxidative properties and therefore has become a research focus for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications. However, the specific mechanisms by which aFGF regulates these processes remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether aFGF alleviates diabetic endothelial dysfunction by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress. We found that aFGF markedly decreased mitochondrial superoxide generation in both db/db mice and endothelial cells incubated with high glucose (30 mM) plus palmitic acid (PA, 0.1 mM), and restored diabetes-impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Pretreatment with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors IWR-1-endo (IWR) and ICG-001 abolished aFGF-mediated attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide generation and endothelial protection. Furthermore, the effects of aFGF on endothelial protection under diabetic conditions were suppressed by c-Myc knockdown. Mechanistically, c-Myc knockdown triggered mitochondrial superoxide generation, which was related to decreased expression and subsequent impaired mitochondrial localization of hexokinase 2 (HXK2). The role of HXK2 in aFGF-mediated attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide levels and EC protection was further confirmed by si-Hxk2 and a cell-permeable form of hexokinase II VDAC binding domain (HXK2VBD) peptide, which inhibits mitochondrial localization of HXK2. Taken together, these findings suggest that the endothelial protective effect of aFGF under diabetic conditions could be partly attributed to its role in suppressing mitochondrial superoxide generation via HXK2, which is mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Niu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wanqian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinhua Women & Children Health Hospital, Jinhua, PR China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
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7
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Maiese K. Dysregulation of metabolic flexibility: The impact of mTOR on autophagy in neurodegenerative disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 155:1-35. [PMID: 32854851 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that involve neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disease impact over 400 million individuals globally. Interestingly, metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, are significant risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Given that current therapies for these NCDs address symptomatic care, new avenues of discovery are required to offer treatments that affect disease progression. Innovative strategies that fill this void involve the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated pathways of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), trophic factors that include erythropoietin (EPO), and the programmed cell death pathways of autophagy and apoptosis. These pathways are intriguing in their potential to provide effective care for metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, future work is necessary to fully comprehend the entire breadth of the mTOR pathways that can effectively and safely translate treatments to clinical medicine without the development of unexpected clinical disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY, United States.
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8
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Maiese K. New Insights for nicotinamide: Metabolic disease, autophagy, and mTOR. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2020; 25:1925-1973. [PMID: 32472766 DOI: 10.2741/4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), are increasingly becoming significant risk factors for the health of the global population and consume substantial portions of the gross domestic product of all nations. Although conventional therapies that include early diagnosis, nutritional modification of diet, and pharmacological treatments may limit disease progression, tight serum glucose control cannot prevent the onset of future disease complications. With these concerns, novel strategies for the treatment of metabolic disorders that involve the vitamin nicotinamide, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the cellular pathways of autophagy and apoptosis offer exceptional promise to provide new avenues of treatment. Oversight of these pathways can promote cellular energy homeostasis, maintain mitochondrial function, improve glucose utilization, and preserve pancreatic beta-cell function. Yet, the interplay among mTOR, AMPK, and autophagy pathways can be complex and affect desired clinical outcomes, necessitating further investigations to provide efficacious treatment strategies for metabolic dysfunction and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022,
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9
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Luo E, Wang D, Yan G, Qiao Y, Zhu B, Liu B, Hou J, Tang C. The NF-κB/miR-425-5p/MCT4 axis: A novel insight into diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 500:110641. [PMID: 31711985 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) primarily rely on glycolysis for their energy metabolism, and the final product of glycolysis-lactate-is transferred out of cells via monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). We previously showed that MCT4 downregulation is involved in diabetic endothelial injury. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of MCT4 in diabetes remain unclear. This study showed that miR-425-5p was significantly upregulated in diabetic patients and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with high glucose (HG) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). MCT4 was shown to be a direct target gene of miR-425-5p, and miR-425-5p expression led to MCT4 downregulation, lactate accumulation and increased apoptosis in HUVECs. Furthermore, the results indicated that NF-κB signaling activation increased miR-425-5p levels and induced MCT4 downregulation, lactate accumulation and apoptosis in HUVECs. In conclusion, NF-κB/miR-425-5p/MCT4 axis activation plays a crucial role in the EC injury induced by HG and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfei Luo
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Boqian Zhu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jiantong Hou
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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10
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Maiese K. Nicotinamide: Oversight of Metabolic Dysfunction Through SIRT1, mTOR, and Clock Genes. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 17:765-783. [PMID: 33183203 PMCID: PMC7914159 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617999201111195232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders that include diabetes mellitus present significant challenges for maintaining the welfare of the global population. Metabolic diseases impact all systems of the body and despite current therapies that offer some protection through tight serum glucose control, ultimately such treatments cannot block the progression of disability and death realized with metabolic disorders. As a result, novel therapeutic avenues are critical for further development to address these concerns. An innovative strategy involves the vitamin nicotinamide and the pathways associated with the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and clock genes. Nicotinamide maintains an intimate relationship with these pathways to oversee metabolic disease and improve glucose utilization, limit mitochondrial dysfunction, block oxidative stress, potentially function as antiviral therapy, and foster cellular survival through mechanisms involving autophagy. However, the pathways of nicotinamide, SIRT1, mTOR, AMPK, and clock genes are complex and involve feedback pathways as well as trophic factors such as erythropoietin that require a careful balance to ensure metabolic homeostasis. Future work is warranted to gain additional insight into these vital pathways that can oversee both normal metabolic physiology and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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11
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Maiese K. Cognitive impairment with diabetes mellitus and metabolic disease: innovative insights with the mechanistic target of rapamycin and circadian clock gene pathways. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:23-34. [PMID: 31794280 PMCID: PMC6959472 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1698288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Dementia is the 7th leading cause of death that imposes a significant financial and service burden on the global population. Presently, only symptomatic care exists for cognitive loss, such as Alzheimer's disease.Areas covered: Given the advancing age of the global population, it becomes imperative to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for cognitive loss. New studies provide insight to the association of cognitive loss with metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus.Expert opinion: Diabetes mellitus is increasing in incidence throughout the world and affects 350 million individuals. Treatment strategies identifying novel pathways that oversee metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders offer exciting prospects to treat dementia. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and circadian clock gene pathways that include AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), erythropoietin (EPO), and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) provide novel strategies to treat cognitive loss that has its basis in metabolic cellular dysfunction. However, these pathways are complex and require precise regulation to maximize treatment efficacy and minimize any potential clinical disability. Further investigations hold great promise to treat both the onset and progression of cognitive loss that is associated with metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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12
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Platelet microparticles contribute to aortic vascular endothelial injury in diabetes via the mTORC1 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:468-476. [PMID: 30446735 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet microparticles (PMPs) are closely associated with diabetic macrovascular complications. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of PMPs in diabetes on aortic vascular endothelial injury and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Peritoneal injection of streptozotocin was used to generate a diabetic rat model in vivo, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with PMPs were used in vitro. PMP levels in the circulation and aorta tissues were time-dependently increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (P < 0.05). Aspirin significantly inhibited the PMP levels at each time point (P < 0.05). In diabetic rats, the endothelial nitric oxide levels were decreased significantly combined with increased endothelial permeability. PMPs were internalized by HUVECs and primarily accumulated around the nuclei. PMPs inhibited endothelial nitric oxide levels to about 50% and caused approximately twofold increase in reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, PMPs significantly decreased the endothelial glycocalyx area and expression levels of glypican-1 and occludin (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the PMP-induced endothelial injuries were prevented by raptor siRNA and rapamycin. In conclusion, increased PMPs levels contribute to aortic vascular endothelial injuries in diabetes through activating the mTORC1 pathway.
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13
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Maiese K. Sirtuins: Developing Innovative Treatments for Aged-Related Memory Loss and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neurovasc Res 2019; 15:367-371. [PMID: 30484407 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666181128120003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The world's population continues to age at a rapid pace. By the year 2050, individuals over the age of 65 will account for sixteen percent of the world's population and life expectancy will increase well over eighty years of age. Accompanied by the aging of the global population is a significant rise in Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Neurodegenerative disorders will form a significant component for NCDs. Currently, dementia is the 7th leading cause of death and can be the result of multiple causes that include diabetes mellitus, vascular disease, and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD may represent at least sixty percent of these cases. Current treatment for these disorders is extremely limited to provide only some symptomatic relief at present. Sirtuins and in particular, the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), represent innovative strategies for the treatment of cognitive loss. New work has revealed that SIRT1 provides protection against memory loss through mechanisms that involve oxidative stress, Aβ toxicity, neurofibrillary degeneration, vascular injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal loss. In addition, SIRT1 relies upon other avenues that can include trophic factors, such as erythropoietin, and signaling pathways, such as Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1/CCN4). Yet, SIRT1 can have detrimental effects as well that involve tumorigenesis and blockade of stem cell differentiation and maturation that can limit reparative processes for cognitive loss. Further investigations with sirtuins and SIRT1 should be able to capitalize upon these novel targets for dementia and cognitive loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, United States
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14
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Hu X, Bai T, Xu Z, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Cai L. Pathophysiological Fundamentals of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:693-711. [PMID: 28333387 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) was first recognized more than four decades ago and occurred independent of cardiovascular diseases or hypertension in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The exact mechanisms underlying this disease remain incompletely understood. Several pathophysiological bases responsible for DCM have been proposed, including the presence of hyperglycemia, nonenzymatic glycosylation of large molecules (e.g., proteins), energy metabolic disturbance, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, impaired calcium handling, reactive oxygen species formation, inflammation, cardiac cell death, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, leading to impairment of cardiac contractile functions. Increasing evidence also indicates the phenomenon called "metabolic memory" for diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications, for which epigenetic modulation seemed to play an important role, suggesting that the aforementioned pathogenic bases may be regulated by epigenetic modification. Therefore, this review aims at briefly summarizing the current understanding of the pathophysiological bases for DCM. Although how epigenetic mechanisms play a role remains incompletely understood now, extensive clinical and experimental studies have implicated its importance in regulating the cardiac responses to diabetes, which are believed to shed insight into understanding of the pathophysiological and epigenetic mechanisms for the development of DCM and its possible prevention and/or therapy. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:693-711, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tao Bai
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zheng Xu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematological Disorders the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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15
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Mehrabzadeh M, Pasalar P, Karimi M, Abdollahi M, Daneshpour M, Asadolahpour E, Razi F. Association between ELMO1 gene polymorphisms and diabetic nephropathy in an Iranian population. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:43. [PMID: 27761430 PMCID: PMC5055690 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several genome-wide association studies have introduced Engulfment and Cell Motility 1 (ELMO1) as a candidate gene which is associated with DN. This study assessed the association of ELMO1 gene polymorphisms with DN in order to investigate the effects of ELMO1 gene on susceptibility to DN in an Iranian population. METHODS In the present study, 100 patients with T2DM, 100 patients with DN and 100 healthy subjects who were matched for sex were selected. Allele and genotype frequencies were determined by Tetra-ARMS PCR technique. In all groups, levels of FBS, creatinine, urea, HbA1C, urine levels of albumin creatinine ratio and glomerular filtration rate were measured. RESULTS A statistically significant association was shown between G allele of rs741301 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7 [95 % CI 1.17-2.63]; p value = 0.005), and GG genotypes of rs741301 (OR = 2.5 [95 % CI 1.2-5.4]; p value = 0.01) and DN. A significant association was not detected between allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs1345365 and DN. Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) between two variants was weak (D' = 0.11, r2 = 0.008). rs1345365A/rs741301A haplotypes were more frequent in patients with T2DM as compared to DN (OR = 0.5 [95 % CI 0.3-0.7]; p value = 0.0006). Also, genotypes of variant rs741301 in all subjects had significant difference with respect to the mean of ACR (p Value < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study first investigated the association of ELMO1 gene polymorphisms (rs741301) with DN in an Iranian population, supporting its key role as a candidate gene in the susceptibility to DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mehrabzadeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Pasalar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Karimi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411413137 Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Shahid beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Asadolahpour
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411413137 Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411413137 Iran
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