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Rejeki PS, Pranoto A, Widiatmaja DM, Utami DM, Izzatunnisa N, Sugiharto, Lesmana R, Halim S. Combined Aerobic Exercise with Intermittent Fasting Is Effective for Reducing mTOR and Bcl-2 Levels in Obese Females. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:116. [PMID: 38786985 PMCID: PMC11126026 DOI: 10.3390/sports12050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of combined aerobic exercise and intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a strategy for the prevention and management of obesity, including its associated health issues such as age-related metabolic diseases. This study aimed to examine the potential of combined aerobic exercise and IF as a preventative strategy against cellular senescence by targeting mTOR and Bcl-2 levels in obese females. A total of 30 obese women, aged 23.56 ± 1.83 years, body fat percentage (FAT) 45.21 ± 3.73% (very high category), BMI 30.09 ± 3.74 kg/m2 were recruited and participated in three different types of interventions: intermittent fasting (IF), exercise (EXG), and a combination of intermittent fasting and exercise (IFEXG). The intervention program was carried out 5x/week for 2 weeks. We examined mTOR and Bcl-2 levels using ELISA kits. Statistical analysis used the one-way ANOVA test and continued with Tukey's HSD post hoc test, with a significance level of 5%. The study results showed that a combination of aerobic exercise and IF significantly decreased mTOR levels (-1.26 ± 0.79 ng/mL) compared to the control group (-0.08 ± 1.33 ng/mL; p ≤ 0.05). However, combined aerobic exercise and IF did not affect Bcl-2 levels significantly (-0.07 ± 0.09 ng/mL) compared to the control group (0.01 ± 0.17 ng/mL, p ≥ 0.05). The IF-only group, exercise-only group, and combined group all showed a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). However, the combined aerobic exercise and IF program had a significant effect in reducing the total percentage of body fat and fat mass compared to the IF-only group (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that the combined intermittent fasting and exercise group (IFEXG) undertook the most effective intervention of the three in terms of preventing cellular senescence, as demonstrated by decreases in the mTOR level, body weight, and fat mass. However, the IFEXG did not present reduced Bcl-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purwo Sri Rejeki
- Physiology Division, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adi Pranoto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia;
| | - Deandra Maharani Widiatmaja
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia; (D.M.W.); (D.M.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Dita Mega Utami
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia; (D.M.W.); (D.M.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Nabilah Izzatunnisa
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia; (D.M.W.); (D.M.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Sugiharto
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia;
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia;
| | - Shariff Halim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology MARA (UiTM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
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2
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Zhao Y, Zhao X, Jiang T, Xi H, Jiang Y, Feng X. A Retrospective Review on Dysregulated Autophagy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Strategies. Horm Metab Res 2024. [PMID: 38565184 DOI: 10.1055/a-2280-7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between autophagy and the pathological mechanism of PCOS, and to find potential therapeutic methods that can alleviate the pathological mechanism of PCOS by targeting autophagy. Relevant literatures were searched in the following databases, including: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus. The search terms were "autophagy", "PCOS", "polycystic ovary syndrome", "ovulation", "hyperandrogenemia", "insulin resistance", "inflammatory state", "circadian rhythm" and "treatment", which were combined according to the retrieval methods of different databases. Through analysis, we uncovered that abnormal levels of autophagy were closely related to abnormal ovulation, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and low-grade inflammation in patients with PCOS. Lifestyle intervention, melatonin, vitamin D, and probiotics, etc. were able to improve the pathological mechanism of PCOS via targeting autophagy. In conclusion, autophagy disorder is a key pathological mechanism in PCOS and is also a potential target for drug development and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Xi
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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3
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Ozcan M, Abdellatif M, Javaheri A, Sedej S. Risks and Benefits of Intermittent Fasting for the Aging Cardiovascular System. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00092-8. [PMID: 38354947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Population aging and the associated increase in cardiovascular disease rates pose serious threats to global public health. Different forms of fasting have become an increasingly attractive strategy to directly address aging and potentially limit or delay the onset of cardiovascular diseases. A growing number of experimental studies and clinical trials indicate that the amount and timing of food intake as well as the daily time window during which food is consumed, are crucial determinants of cardiovascular health. Indeed, intermittent fasting counteracts the molecular hallmarks of cardiovascular aging and promotes different aspects of cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure and glycemic control, as well as body weight reduction. In this report, we summarize current evidence from randomized clinical trials of intermittent fasting on body weight and composition as well as cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Moreover, we critically discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential of intermittent fasting, but also possible detrimental effects in the context of cardiovascular aging and related disease. We delve into the physiological mechanisms through which intermittent fasting might improve cardiovascular health, and raise important factors to consider in the design of clinical trials on the efficacy of intermittent fasting to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events among aged individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease. We conclude that despite growing evidence and interest among the lay and scientific communities in the cardiovascular health-improving effects of intermittent fasting, further research efforts and appropriate caution are warranted before broadly implementing intermittent fasting regimens, especially in elderly persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mualla Ozcan
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; John J. Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
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4
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Ozcan M, Guo Z, Valenzuela Ripoll C, Diab A, Picataggi A, Rawnsley D, Lotfinaghsh A, Bergom C, Szymanski J, Hwang D, Asnani A, Kosiborod M, Zheng J, Hayashi RJ, Woodard PK, Kovacs A, Margulies KB, Schilling J, Razani B, Diwan A, Javaheri A. Sustained alternate-day fasting potentiates doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Cell Metab 2023; 35:928-942.e4. [PMID: 36868222 PMCID: PMC10257771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Fasting strategies are under active clinical investigation in patients receiving chemotherapy. Prior murine studies suggest that alternate-day fasting may attenuate doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and stimulate nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. In this study, human heart tissue from patients with doxorubicin-induced heart failure demonstrated increased nuclear TFEB protein. In mice treated with doxorubicin, alternate-day fasting or viral TFEB transduction increased mortality and impaired cardiac function. Mice randomized to alternate-day fasting plus doxorubicin exhibited increased TFEB nuclear translocation in the myocardium. When combined with doxorubicin, cardiomyocyte-specific TFEB overexpression provoked cardiac remodeling, while systemic TFEB overexpression increased growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and caused heart failure and death. Cardiomyocyte TFEB knockout attenuated doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, while recombinant GDF15 was sufficient to cause cardiac atrophy. Our studies identify that both sustained alternate-day fasting and a TFEB/GDF15 pathway exacerbate doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mualla Ozcan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhen Guo
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Diab
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - David Rawnsley
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Carmen Bergom
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeff Szymanski
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Hwang
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aarti Asnani
- Beth Israel and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jie Zheng
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert J Hayashi
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pamela K Woodard
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Schilling
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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5
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Guo Z, Valenzuela Ripoll C, Picataggi A, Rawnsley DR, Ozcan M, Chirinos JA, Chendamarai E, Girardi A, Riehl T, Evie H, Diab A, Kovacs A, Hyrc K, Ma X, Asnani A, Shewale SV, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Cowart LA, Parks JS, Zhao L, Gordon D, Ramirez-Valle F, Margulies KB, Cappola TP, Desai AA, Pedersen LN, Bergom C, Stitziel NO, Rettig MP, DiPersio JF, Hajny S, Christoffersen C, Diwan A, Javaheri A. Apolipoprotein M Attenuates Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity and Lysosomal Injury. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:340-355. [PMID: 37034289 PMCID: PMC10077122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) binds sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and is inversely associated with mortality in human heart failure (HF). Here, we show that anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (Dox) reduce circulating ApoM in mice and humans, that ApoM is inversely associated with mortality in patients with anthracycline-induced heart failure, and ApoM heterozygosity in mice increases Dox-induced mortality. In the setting of Dox stress, our studies suggest ApoM can help sustain myocardial autophagic flux in a post-transcriptional manner, attenuate Dox cardiotoxicity, and prevent lysosomal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mualla Ozcan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Julio A. Chirinos
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Amanda Girardi
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Terrence Riehl
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hosannah Evie
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ahmed Diab
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Krzysztof Hyrc
- Hope Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiucui Ma
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aarti Asnani
- Beth Israel Deaconess, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Swapnil V. Shewale
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Ashley Cowart
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John S. Parks
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - David Gordon
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas P. Cappola
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Carmen Bergom
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - John F. DiPersio
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stefan Hajny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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6
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Abstract
Experimental trials in organisms ranging from yeast to humans have shown that various forms of reducing food intake (caloric restriction) appear to increase both overall and healthy lifespan, delaying the onset of disease and slowing the progression of biomarkers of aging. The gut microbiota is considered one of the key environmental factors strongly contributing to the regulation of host health. Perturbations in the composition and activity of the gut microbiome are thought to be involved in the emergence of multiple diseases. Indeed, many studies investigating gut microbiota have been performed and have shown strong associations between specific microorganisms and metabolic diseases including overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as specific gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. Dietary interventions known to reduce inflammation and improve metabolic health are potentiated by prior fasting. Inversely, birth weight differential host oxidative phosphorylation response to fasting implies epigenetic control of some of its effector pathways. There is substantial evidence for the efficacy of fasting in improving insulin signaling and blood glucose control, and in reducing inflammation, conditions for which, additionally, the gut microbiota has been identified as a site of both risk and protective factors. Accordingly, human gut microbiota, both in symbiont and pathobiont roles, have been proposed to impact and mediate some health benefits of fasting and could potentially affect many of these diseases. While results from small-N studies diverge, fasting consistently enriches widely recognized anti-inflammatory gut commensals such as Faecalibacterium and other short-chain fatty acid producers, which likely mediates some of its health effects through immune system and barrier function impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K Forslund
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Intermittent Fasting in Cancer: a Role in Survivorship? Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:500-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Is there any role of intermittent fasting in the prevention and improving clinical outcomes of COVID-19?: intersection between inflammation, mTOR pathway, autophagy and calorie restriction. Virusdisease 2021; 32:625-634. [PMID: 34104708 PMCID: PMC8177033 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is provoking a global public health crisis. Even though the academic world is intensively pursuing new therapies, there is still no “game changer” in the management of COVID 19. The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is an ancient signaling system that has been proposed as a molecular tool used by coronaviruses and other RNA and DNA viruses in order to replicate and persist in the host cell. In recent years, Intermittent Fasting (IF), a practice consisting on a strict calorie restriction during a prolonged period of time during the day, has gained popularity due to its potential benefits in multiple health systems and in regulating inflammation. IF inhibits the mTOR pathway which is similar to the effects of Rapamycin in some animal models. mTOR inhibition and promotion of autophagy could potentially be the link between the possible direct benefits of IF in COVID-19 due to the interruption of the viral cycle (protein synthesis). Besides, IF has shown to be a strong anti-inflammatory in multiple prior studies, and may play a role in attenuating COVID -19 severity. This review hypothesizes the possible intersection between viral, immunological, and metabolic pathways related to mTOR and the potential mechanisms through which IF may improve clinical outcomes. Future prospective randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate intermittent fasting (IF) regimens in order to prevent and treat moderate to severe forms of COVID-19 in humans are needed.
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9
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Sciarretta S, Forte M, Castoldi F, Frati G, Versaci F, Sadoshima J, Kroemer G, Maiuri MC. Caloric restriction mimetics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1434-1449. [PMID: 33098415 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) are emerging as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. CRMs include natural and synthetic compounds able to inhibit protein acetyltransferases, to interfere with acetyl coenzyme A biosynthesis, or to activate (de)acetyltransferase proteins. These modifications mimic the effects of caloric restriction, which is associated with the activation of autophagy. Previous evidence demonstrated the ability of CRMs to ameliorate cardiac function and reduce cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive remodelling in animal models of ageing, mechanical overload, chronic myocardial ischaemia, and in genetic and metabolic cardiomyopathies. In addition, CRMs were found to reduce acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury. In many cases, these beneficial effects of CRMs appeared to be mediated by autophagy activation. In the present review, we discuss the relevant literature about the role of different CRMs in animal models of cardiac diseases, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these compounds and their potential future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Versaci
- Division of Cardiology, S. Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215163, China.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
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10
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Rawnsley DR, Diwan A. Lysosome impairment as a trigger for inflammation in obesity: The proof is in the fat. EBioMedicine 2020; 56:102824. [PMID: 32540774 PMCID: PMC7300142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic contributing to the rising prevalence of multiple disorders including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and certain cancers. A renewed sense of urgency is required as obesity remains an intractable problem, despite a rapidly expanding armamentarium of behavioral, pharmacologic and surgical approaches which fall short of delivering sustained results
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Rawnsley
- Cardiolovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 660 S. Euclid, CSRB 827 NTA, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Cardiolovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 660 S. Euclid, CSRB 827 NTA, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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11
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Islam M, Diwan A, Mani K. Come Together: Protein Assemblies, Aggregates and the Sarcostat at the Heart of Cardiac Myocyte Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:586. [PMID: 32581848 PMCID: PMC7287178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in vertebrate systems is contingent on normal cardiac function. This, in turn, depends on intricate protein-based cellular machinery, both for contractile function, as well as, durability of cardiac myocytes. The cardiac small heat shock protein (csHsp) chaperone system, highlighted by αB-crystallin (CRYAB), a small heat shock protein (sHsp) that forms ∼3–5% of total cardiac mass, plays critical roles in maintaining proteostatic function via formation of self-assembled multimeric chaperones. In this work, we review these ancient proteins, from the evolutionarily preserved role of homologs in protists, fungi and invertebrate systems, as well as, the role of sHsps and chaperones in maintaining cardiac myocyte structure and function. We propose the concept of the “sarcostat” as a protein quality control mechanism in the sarcomere. The roles of the proteasomal and lysosomal proteostatic network, as well as, the roles of the aggresome, self-assembling protein complexes and protein aggregation are discussed in the context of cardiac myocyte homeostasis. Finally, we will review the potential for targeting the csHsp system as a novel therapeutic approach to prevent and treat cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moydul Islam
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kartik Mani
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
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12
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Jamshed H, Beyl RA, Della Manna DL, Yang ES, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves 24-Hour Glucose Levels and Affects Markers of the Circadian Clock, Aging, and Autophagy in Humans. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1234. [PMID: 31151228 PMCID: PMC6627766 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting that involves having a longer daily fasting period. Preliminary studies report that TRF improves cardiometabolic health in rodents and humans. Here, we performed the first study to determine how TRF affects gene expression, circulating hormones, and diurnal patterns in cardiometabolic risk factors in humans. Eleven overweight adults participated in a 4-day randomized crossover study where they ate between 8 am and 2 pm (early TRF (eTRF)) and between 8 am and 8 pm (control schedule). Participants underwent continuous glucose monitoring, and blood was drawn to assess cardiometabolic risk factors, hormones, and gene expression in whole blood cells. Relative to the control schedule, eTRF decreased mean 24-hour glucose levels by 4 ± 1 mg/dl (p = 0.0003) and glycemic excursions by 12 ± 3 mg/dl (p = 0.001). In the morning before breakfast, eTRF increased ketones, cholesterol, and the expression of the stress response and aging gene SIRT1 and the autophagy gene LC3A (all p < 0.04), while in the evening, it tended to increase brain-derived neurotropic factor (BNDF; p = 0.10) and also increased the expression of MTOR (p = 0.007), a major nutrient-sensing protein that regulates cell growth. eTRF also altered the diurnal patterns in cortisol and the expression of several circadian clock genes (p < 0.05). eTRF improves 24-hour glucose levels, alters lipid metabolism and circadian clock gene expression, and may also increase autophagy and have anti-aging effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Jamshed
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Robbie A Beyl
- Biostatistics and Analysis Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Deborah L Della Manna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Courtney M Peterson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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