1
|
Yoshioka H, Jin R, Hisaka A, Suzuki H. Disease progression modeling with temporal realignment: An emerging approach to deepen knowledge on chronic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108655. [PMID: 38710372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The recent development of the first disease-modifying drug for Alzheimer's disease represents a major advancement in dementia treatment. Behind this breakthrough is a quarter century of research efforts to understand the disease not by a particular symptom at a given moment, but by long-term sequential changes in multiple biomarkers. Disease progression modeling with temporal realignment (DPM-TR) is an emerging computational approach proposed with this biomarker-based disease concept. By integrating short-term clinical observations of multiple disease biomarkers in a data-driven manner, DPM-TR provides a way to understand the progression of chronic diseases over decades and predict individual disease stages more accurately. DPM-TR has been developed primarily in the area of neurodegenerative diseases but has recently been extended to non-neurodegenerative diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary, autoimmune, and ophthalmologic diseases. This review focuses on opportunities for DPM-TR in clinical practice and drug development and discusses its current status and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yoshioka
- Office of Regulatory Science Research, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryota Jin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hisaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Executive Director, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Benzekry S, Mastri M, Nicolò C, Ebos JML. Machine-learning and mechanistic modeling of metastatic breast cancer after neoadjuvant treatment. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012088. [PMID: 38701089 PMCID: PMC11095706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials involving systemic neoadjuvant treatments in breast cancer aim to shrink tumors before surgery while simultaneously allowing for controlled evaluation of biomarkers, toxicity, and suppression of distant (occult) metastatic disease. Yet neoadjuvant clinical trials are rarely preceded by preclinical testing involving neoadjuvant treatment, surgery, and post-surgery monitoring of the disease. Here we used a mouse model of spontaneous metastasis occurring after surgical removal of orthotopically implanted primary tumors to develop a predictive mathematical model of neoadjuvant treatment response to sunitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKI). Treatment outcomes were used to validate a novel mathematical kinetics-pharmacodynamics model predictive of perioperative disease progression. Longitudinal measurements of presurgical primary tumor size and postsurgical metastatic burden were compiled using 128 mice receiving variable neoadjuvant treatment doses and schedules (released publicly at https://zenodo.org/records/10607753). A non-linear mixed-effects modeling approach quantified inter-animal variabilities in metastatic dynamics and survival, and machine-learning algorithms were applied to investigate the significance of several biomarkers at resection as predictors of individual kinetics. Biomarkers included circulating tumor- and immune-based cells (circulating tumor cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells) as well as immunohistochemical tumor proteins (CD31 and Ki67). Our computational simulations show that neoadjuvant RTKI treatment inhibits primary tumor growth but has little efficacy in preventing (micro)-metastatic disease progression after surgery and treatment cessation. Machine learning algorithms that included support vector machines, random forests, and artificial neural networks, confirmed a lack of definitive biomarkers, which shows the value of preclinical modeling studies to identify potential failures that should be avoided clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Benzekry
- Computational Pharmacology and Clinical Oncology (COMPO), Inria Sophia Antipolis–Méditerranée, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Michalis Mastri
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Chiara Nicolò
- InSilicoTrials Technologies S.P.A, Riva Grumula, Trieste, Italy
| | - John M. L. Ebos
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Metzcar J, Jutzeler CR, Macklin P, Köhn-Luque A, Brüningk SC. A review of mechanistic learning in mathematical oncology. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363144. [PMID: 38533513 PMCID: PMC10963621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic learning refers to the synergistic combination of mechanistic mathematical modeling and data-driven machine or deep learning. This emerging field finds increasing applications in (mathematical) oncology. This review aims to capture the current state of the field and provides a perspective on how mechanistic learning may progress in the oncology domain. We highlight the synergistic potential of mechanistic learning and point out similarities and differences between purely data-driven and mechanistic approaches concerning model complexity, data requirements, outputs generated, and interpretability of the algorithms and their results. Four categories of mechanistic learning (sequential, parallel, extrinsic, intrinsic) of mechanistic learning are presented with specific examples. We discuss a range of techniques including physics-informed neural networks, surrogate model learning, and digital twins. Example applications address complex problems predominantly from the domain of oncology research such as longitudinal tumor response predictions or time-to-event modeling. As the field of mechanistic learning advances, we aim for this review and proposed categorization framework to foster additional collaboration between the data- and knowledge-driven modeling fields. Further collaboration will help address difficult issues in oncology such as limited data availability, requirements of model transparency, and complex input data which are embraced in a mechanistic learning framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Metzcar
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Catherine R. Jutzeler
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Macklin
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Alvaro Köhn-Luque
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah C. Brüningk
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qin Y, Huo M, Liu X, Li SC. Biomarkers and computational models for predicting efficacy to tumor ICI immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368749. [PMID: 38524135 PMCID: PMC10957591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy has great potential as a cancer treatment, leading to significant clinical improvements in numerous cases. However, it benefits a minority of patients, underscoring the importance of discovering reliable biomarkers that can be used to screen for potential beneficiaries and ultimately reduce the risk of overtreatment. Our comprehensive review focuses on the latest advancements in predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy, particularly emphasizing those that enhance the efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors immunotherapies. We explore biomarkers derived from various sources, including tumor cells, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), body fluids, gut microbes, and metabolites. Among them, tumor cells-derived biomarkers include tumor mutational burden (TMB) biomarker, tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) biomarker, microsatellite instability (MSI) biomarker, PD-L1 expression biomarker, mutated gene biomarkers in pathways, and epigenetic biomarkers. TIME-derived biomarkers include immune landscape of TIME biomarkers, inhibitory checkpoints biomarkers, and immune repertoire biomarkers. We also discuss various techniques used to detect and assess these biomarkers, detailing their respective datasets, strengths, weaknesses, and evaluative metrics. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive review of computer models for predicting the response to ICI therapy. The computer models include knowledge-based mechanistic models and data-based machine learning (ML) models. Among the knowledge-based mechanistic models are pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models, partial differential equation (PDE) models, signal networks-based models, quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models, and agent-based models (ABMs). ML models include linear regression models, logistic regression models, support vector machine (SVM)/random forest/extra trees/k-nearest neighbors (KNN) models, artificial neural network (ANN) and deep learning models. Additionally, there are hybrid models of systems biology and ML. We summarized the details of these models, outlining the datasets they utilize, their evaluation methods/metrics, and their respective strengths and limitations. By summarizing the major advances in the research on predictive biomarkers and computer models for the therapeutic effect and clinical utility of tumor ICI, we aim to assist researchers in choosing appropriate biomarkers or computer models for research exploration and help clinicians conduct precision medicine by selecting the best biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Qin
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaozhe Huo
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingwu Liu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Cheng Li
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen Y, Li H, Sun C, Ji H, Zhang D, Hu K, Tang Y, Chen Y, Wei Z, Lv J. Optimizing skin disease diagnosis: harnessing online community data with contrastive learning and clustering techniques. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:28. [PMID: 38332257 PMCID: PMC10853166 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases pose significant challenges in China. Internet health forums offer a platform for millions of users to discuss skin diseases and share images for early intervention, leaving large amount of valuable dermatology images. However, data quality and annotation challenges limit the potential of these resources for developing diagnostic models. In this study, we proposed a deep-learning model that utilized unannotated dermatology images from diverse online sources. We adopted a contrastive learning approach to learn general representations from unlabeled images and fine-tuned the model on coarsely annotated images from Internet forums. Our model classified 22 common skin diseases. To improve annotation quality, we used a clustering method with a small set of standardized validation images. We tested the model on images collected by 33 experienced dermatologists from 15 tertiary hospitals and achieved a 45.05% top-1 accuracy, outperforming the published baseline model by 3%. Accuracy increased with additional validation images, reaching 49.64% with 50 images per category. Our model also demonstrated transferability to new tasks, such as detecting monkeypox, with a 61.76% top-1 accuracy using only 50 additional images in the training process. We also tested our model on benchmark datasets to show the generalization ability. Our findings highlight the potential of unannotated images from online forums for future dermatology applications and demonstrate the effectiveness of our model for early diagnosis and potential outbreak mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Simulation of Complex Systems Lab, Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Huanyu Li
- Shanghai Beforteen AI Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Sun
- Institution of Aix-marseille, Wuhan University of Technology WHUT, Wuhan City, China
| | - Hongtao Ji
- Shanghai Business School No. 6333, Oriental Meigu Avenue, Shanghai, China
| | - Daojun Zhang
- The third affiliated hospital of CQMU, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Hu
- Shanghai Beforteen AI Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Tang
- Shanghai Beforteen AI Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Simulation of Complex Systems Lab, Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zikun Wei
- Shanghai Beforteen AI Lab, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junwei Lv
- Shanghai Beforteen AI Lab, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rawlani P, Ghosh NK, Kumar A. Role of artificial intelligence in the characterization of indeterminate pancreatic head mass and its usefulness in preoperative diagnosis. Artif Intell Gastroenterol 2023; 4:48-63. [DOI: 10.35712/aig.v4.i3.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used in various fields of day-to-day life and its role in medicine is immense. Understanding of oncology has been improved with the introduction of AI which helps in diagnosis, treatment planning, management, prognosis, and follow-up. It also helps to identify high-risk groups who can be subjected to timely screening for early detection of malignant conditions. It is more important in pancreatic cancer as it is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and there are no specific early features (clinical and radiological) for diagnosis. With improvement in imaging modalities (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasound), most often clinicians were being challenged with lesions that were difficult to diagnose with human competence. AI has been used in various other branches of medicine to differentiate such indeterminate lesions including the thyroid gland, breast, lungs, liver, adrenal gland, kidney, etc. In the case of pancreatic cancer, the role of AI has been explored and is still ongoing. This review article will focus on how AI can be used to diagnose pancreatic cancer early or differentiate it from benign pancreatic lesions, therefore, management can be planned at an earlier stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palash Rawlani
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nalini Kanta Ghosh
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ribba B. Quantitative systems pharmacology in the age of artificial intelligence. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1823-1826. [PMID: 37779349 PMCID: PMC10725257 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ribba
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laurie M, Lu J. Explainable deep learning for tumor dynamic modeling and overall survival prediction using Neural-ODE. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:58. [PMID: 37980358 PMCID: PMC10657412 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While tumor dynamic modeling has been widely applied to support the development of oncology drugs, there remains a need to increase predictivity, enable personalized therapy, and improve decision-making. We propose the use of Tumor Dynamic Neural-ODE (TDNODE) as a pharmacology-informed neural network to enable model discovery from longitudinal tumor size data. We show that TDNODE overcomes a key limitation of existing models in its ability to make unbiased predictions from truncated data. The encoder-decoder architecture is designed to express an underlying dynamical law that possesses the fundamental property of generalized homogeneity with respect to time. Thus, the modeling formalism enables the encoder output to be interpreted as kinetic rate metrics, with inverse time as the physical unit. We show that the generated metrics can be used to predict patients' overall survival (OS) with high accuracy. The proposed modeling formalism provides a principled way to integrate multimodal dynamical datasets in oncology disease modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Laurie
- Modeling & Simulation/Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James Lu
- Modeling & Simulation/Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodríguez-Belenguer P, March-Vila E, Pastor M, Mangas-Sanjuan V, Soria-Olivas E. Usage of model combination in computational toxicology. Toxicol Lett 2023; 389:34-44. [PMID: 37890682 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) have ushered in a new era in the field of toxicology, aiming to replace animal testing. However, despite these advancements, they are not exempt from the inherent complexities associated with the study's endpoint. In this review, we have identified three major groups of complexities: mechanistic, chemical space, and methodological. The mechanistic complexity arises from interconnected biological processes within a network that are challenging to model in a single step. In the second group, chemical space complexity exhibits significant dissimilarity between compounds in the training and test series. The third group encompasses algorithmic and molecular descriptor limitations and typical class imbalance problems. To address these complexities, this work provides a guide to the usage of a combination of predictive Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models, known as metamodels. This combination of low-level models (LLMs) enables a more precise approach to the problem by focusing on different sub-mechanisms or sub-processes. For mechanistic complexity, multiple Molecular Initiating Events (MIEs) or levels of information are combined to form a mechanistic-based metamodel. Regarding the complexity arising from chemical space, two types of approaches were reviewed to construct a fragment-based chemical space metamodel: those with and without structure sharing. Metamodels with structure sharing utilize unsupervised strategies to identify data patterns and build low-level models for each cluster, which are then combined. For situations without structure sharing due to pharmaceutical industry intellectual property, the use of prediction sharing, and federated learning approaches have been reviewed. Lastly, to tackle methodological complexity, various algorithms are combined to overcome their limitations, diverse descriptors are employed to enhance problem definition and balanced dataset combinations are used to address class imbalance issues (methodological-based metamodels). Remarkably, metamodels consistently outperformed classical QSAR models across all cases, highlighting the importance of alternatives to classical QSAR models when faced with such complexities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodríguez-Belenguer
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric March-Vila
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Pastor
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Mangas-Sanjuan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Soria-Olivas
- IDAL, Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, ETSE, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Strobl MAR, Gallaher J, Robertson-Tessi M, West J, Anderson ARA. Treatment of evolving cancers will require dynamic decision support. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:867-884. [PMID: 37777307 PMCID: PMC10688269 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer research has traditionally focused on developing new agents, but an underexplored question is that of the dose and frequency of existing drugs. Based on the modus operandi established in the early days of chemotherapies, most drugs are administered according to predetermined schedules that seek to deliver the maximum tolerated dose and are only adjusted for toxicity. However, we believe that the complex, evolving nature of cancer requires a more dynamic and personalized approach. Chronicling the milestones of the field, we show that the impact of schedule choice crucially depends on processes driving treatment response and failure. As such, cancer heterogeneity and evolution dictate that a one-size-fits-all solution is unlikely-instead, each patient should be mapped to the strategy that best matches their current disease characteristics and treatment objectives (i.e. their 'tumorscape'). To achieve this level of personalization, we need mathematical modeling. In this perspective, we propose a five-step 'Adaptive Dosing Adjusted for Personalized Tumorscapes (ADAPT)' paradigm to integrate data and understanding across scales and derive dynamic and personalized schedules. We conclude with promising examples of model-guided schedule personalization and a call to action to address key outstanding challenges surrounding data collection, model development, and integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A R Strobl
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa; Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA
| | - J Gallaher
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa
| | - M Robertson-Tessi
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa
| | - J West
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa
| | - A R A Anderson
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Denck J, Ozkirimli E, Wang K. Machine-learning-based adverse drug event prediction from observational health data: A review. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103715. [PMID: 37467879 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Adverse drug events (ADEs) are responsible for a significant number of hospital admissions and fatalities. Machine learning models have been developed to assess the individual patient risk of having an ADE. In this article, we have reviewed studies addressing the prediction of ADEs in observational health data with machine learning. The field of individualised ADE prediction is rapidly emerging through the increasing availability of additional data modalities (e.g., genetic data, screening data, wearables data) and advanced deep learning models such as transformers. Consequently, personalised adverse drug event predictions are becoming more feasible and tangible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Denck
- Roche Informatics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Elif Ozkirimli
- Roche Informatics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Ken Wang
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Courlet P, Abler D, Guidi M, Girard P, Amato F, Vietti Violi N, Dietz M, Guignard N, Wicky A, Latifyan S, De Micheli R, Jreige M, Dromain C, Csajka C, Prior JO, Venkatakrishnan K, Michielin O, Cuendet MA, Terranova N. Modeling tumor size dynamics based on real-world electronic health records and image data in advanced melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1170-1181. [PMID: 37328961 PMCID: PMC10431051 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer therapy but only a fraction of patients benefits from this therapy. Model-informed drug development can be used to assess prognostic and predictive clinical factors or biomarkers associated with treatment response. Most pharmacometric models have thus far been developed using data from randomized clinical trials, and further studies are needed to translate their findings into the real-world setting. We developed a tumor growth inhibition model based on real-world clinical and imaging data in a population of 91 advanced melanoma patients receiving ICIs (i.e., ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab). Drug effect was modeled as an ON/OFF treatment effect, with a tumor killing rate constant identical for the three drugs. Significant and clinically relevant covariate effects of albumin, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status were identified on the baseline tumor volume parameter, as well as NRAS mutation on tumor growth rate constant using standard pharmacometric approaches. In a population subgroup (n = 38), we had the opportunity to conduct an exploratory analysis of image-based covariates (i.e., radiomics features), by combining machine learning and conventional pharmacometric covariate selection approaches. Overall, we demonstrated an innovative pipeline for longitudinal analyses of clinical and imaging RWD with a high-dimensional covariate selection method that enabled the identification of factors associated with tumor dynamics. This study also provides a proof of concept for using radiomics features as model covariates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Courlet
- Precision Oncology Center, Department of OncologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical SciencesLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Abler
- Precision Oncology Center, Department of OncologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Institute of Informatics, School of Management, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES‐SO)SierreSwitzerland
| | - Monia Guidi
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical SciencesLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Service of Clinical PharmacologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Pascal Girard
- Merck Institute of Pharmacometrics, Ares Trading S.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Federico Amato
- Swiss Data Science Centre, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich (ETH)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Naik Vietti Violi
- Department of Radiology and Interventional RadiologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Matthieu Dietz
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging DepartmentLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nicolas Guignard
- Department of Radiology and Interventional RadiologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alexandre Wicky
- Precision Oncology Center, Department of OncologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sofiya Latifyan
- Department of OncologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Rita De Micheli
- Department of OncologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Mario Jreige
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging DepartmentLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Clarisse Dromain
- Department of Radiology and Interventional RadiologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Chantal Csajka
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical SciencesLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of GenevaUniversity of LausanneGenevaSwitzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - John O. Prior
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging DepartmentLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Olivier Michielin
- Precision Oncology Center, Department of OncologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Michel A. Cuendet
- Precision Oncology Center, Department of OncologyLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Nadia Terranova
- Merck Institute of Pharmacometrics, Ares Trading S.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany)LausanneSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abler D, Courlet P, Dietz M, Gatta R, Girard P, Munafo A, Wicky A, Jreige M, Guidi M, Latifyan S, De Micheli R, Csajka C, Prior JO, Michielin O, Terranova N, Cuendet MA. Semiautomated Pipeline to Quantify Tumor Evolution From Real-World Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2023; 7:e2200126. [PMID: 37146261 PMCID: PMC10281365 DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A semiautomated pipeline for the collection and curation of free-text and imaging real-world data (RWD) was developed to quantify cancer treatment outcomes in large-scale retrospective real-world studies. The objectives of this article are to illustrate the challenges of RWD extraction, to demonstrate approaches for quality assurance, and to showcase the potential of RWD for precision oncology. METHODS We collected data from patients with advanced melanoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors at the Lausanne University Hospital. Cohort selection relied on semantically annotated electronic health records and was validated using process mining. The selected imaging examinations were segmented using an automatic commercial software prototype. A postprocessing algorithm enabled longitudinal lesion identification across imaging time points and consensus malignancy status prediction. Resulting data quality was evaluated against expert-annotated ground-truth and clinical outcomes obtained from radiology reports. RESULTS The cohort included 108 patients with melanoma and 465 imaging examinations (median, 3; range, 1-15 per patient). Process mining was used to assess clinical data quality and revealed the diversity of care pathways encountered in a real-world setting. Longitudinal postprocessing greatly improved the consistency of image-derived data compared with single time point segmentation results (classification precision increased from 53% to 86%). Image-derived progression-free survival resulting from postprocessing was comparable with the manually curated clinical reference (median survival of 286 v 336 days, P = .89). CONCLUSION We presented a general pipeline for the collection and curation of text- and image-based RWD, together with specific strategies to improve reliability. We showed that the resulting disease progression measures match reference clinical assessments at the cohort level, indicating that this strategy has the potential to unlock large amounts of actionable retrospective real-world evidence from clinical records.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abler
- Department of Oncology, Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Informatics, School of Management, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sierre, Switzerland
| | - Perrine Courlet
- Department of Oncology, Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Dietz
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Roberto Gatta
- Department of Oncology, Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Girard
- Translational Medicine, Merck Institute of Pharmacometrics, Lausanne, Switzerland, an Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alain Munafo
- Translational Medicine, Merck Institute of Pharmacometrics, Lausanne, Switzerland, an Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexandre Wicky
- Department of Oncology, Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Jreige
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monia Guidi
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofiya Latifyan
- Service of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rita De Micheli
- Service of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Csajka
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John O. Prior
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Department of Oncology, Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Terranova
- Translational Medicine, Merck Institute of Pharmacometrics, Lausanne, Switzerland, an Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michel A. Cuendet
- Department of Oncology, Precision Oncology Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bigarré C, Bertucci F, Finetti P, Macgrogan G, Muracciole X, Benzekry S. Mechanistic modeling of metastatic relapse in early breast cancer to investigate the biological impact of prognostic biomarkers. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 231:107401. [PMID: 36804267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Estimating the risk of metastatic relapse is a major challenge to decide adjuvant treatment options in early-stage breast cancer (eBC). To date, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) analysis mainly relies on classical, agnostic, statistical models (e.g., Cox regression). Instead, we propose here to derive mechanistic models of DMFS. METHODS The present series consisted of eBC patients who did not receive adjuvant systemic therapy from three datasets, composed respectively of 692 (Bergonié Institute), 591 (Paoli-Calmettes Institute, IPC), and 163 (Public Hospital Marseille, AP-HM) patients with routine clinical annotations. The last dataset also contained expression of three non-routine biomarkers. Our mechanistic model of DMFS relies on two mathematical parameters that represent growth (α) and dissemination (μ). We identified their population distributions using mixed-effects modeling. Critically, we propose a novel variable selection procedure allowing to: (i) identify the association of biological parameters with either α, μ or both, and (ii) generate an optimal candidate model for DMFS prediction. RESULTS We found that Ki67 and Thymidine Kinase-1 were associated with α, and nodal status and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 with μ. The predictive performances of the model were excellent in calibration but moderate in discrimination, with c-indices of 0.72 (95% CI [0.48, 0.95], AP-HM), 0.63 ([0.44, 0.83], Bergonié) and 0.60 (95% CI [0.54, 0.80], IPC). CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrate that our novel method combining mechanistic and advanced statistical modeling is able to unravel the biological roles of clinicopathological parameters from DMFS data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célestin Bigarré
- COMPO, Inria Méditerranée, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix Marseille University UM105, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Department of Medical Oncology, CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Inserm, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Gaëtan Macgrogan
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Regional Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1218, Bordeaux Public Health, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Muracciole
- COMPO, Inria Méditerranée, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix Marseille University UM105, 13385 Marseille, France; Radiotherapy Department, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Benzekry
- COMPO, Inria Méditerranée, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix Marseille University UM105, 13385 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wawer Matos PA, Reimer RP, Rokohl AC, Caldeira L, Heindl LM, Große Hokamp N. Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology - Status Quo and Future Perspectives. Semin Ophthalmol 2023; 38:226-237. [PMID: 36356300 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2022.2139625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology in healthcare and holds the potential to disrupt many arms in medical care. In particular, disciplines using medical imaging modalities, including e.g. radiology but ophthalmology as well, are already confronted with a wide variety of AI implications. In ophthalmologic research, AI has demonstrated promising results limited to specific diseases and imaging tools, respectively. Yet, implementation of AI in clinical routine is not widely spread due to availability, heterogeneity in imaging techniques and AI methods. In order to describe the status quo, this narrational review provides a brief introduction to AI ("what the ophthalmologist needs to know"), followed by an overview of different AI-based applications in ophthalmology and a discussion on future challenges.Abbreviations: Age-related macular degeneration, AMD; Artificial intelligence, AI; Anterior segment OCT, AS-OCT; Coronary artery calcium score, CACS; Convolutional neural network, CNN; Deep convolutional neural network, DCNN; Diabetic retinopathy, DR; Machine learning, ML; Optical coherence tomography, OCT; Retinopathy of prematurity, ROP; Support vector machine, SVM; Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert P Reimer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Liliana Caldeira
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Nils Große Hokamp
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nicolò C, Sips F, Vaghi C, Baretta A, Carbone V, Emili L, Bursi R. Accelerating Digitalization in Healthcare with the InSilicoTrials Cloud-Based Platform: Four Use Cases. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:125-136. [PMID: 36074307 PMCID: PMC9831955 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of in silico trials is expected to play an increasingly important role in the development and regulatory evaluation of new medical products. Among the advantages that in silico approaches offer, is that they permit testing of drug candidates and new medical devices using virtual patients or computational emulations of preclinical experiments, allowing to refine, reduce or even replace time-consuming and costly benchtop/in vitro/ex vivo experiments as well as the involvement of animals and humans in in vivo studies. To facilitate and widen the adoption of in silico trials, InSilicoTrials Technologies has developed a cloud-based platform, hosting healthcare simulation tools for different bench, preclinical and clinical evaluations, and for diverse disease areas. This paper discusses four use cases of in silico trials performed using the InSilicoTrials.com platform. The first application illustrates how in silico approaches can improve the early preclinical assessment of drug-induced cardiotoxicity risks. The second use case is a virtual reproduction of a bench test for the safety assessment of transcatheter heart valve substitutes. The third and fourth use cases are examples of virtual patients generation to evaluate treatment effects in multiple sclerosis and prostate cancer patients, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nicolò
- InSilicoTrials Technologies S.P.A, Riva Grumula 2, 34123 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fianne Sips
- InSilicoTrials Technologies B.V., Bruistensingel 130, 5232 AC ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Vaghi
- InSilicoTrials Technologies S.P.A, Riva Grumula 2, 34123 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessia Baretta
- InSilicoTrials Technologies S.P.A, Riva Grumula 2, 34123 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carbone
- InSilicoTrials Technologies S.P.A, Riva Grumula 2, 34123 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Emili
- InSilicoTrials Technologies S.P.A, Riva Grumula 2, 34123 Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Bursi
- InSilicoTrials Technologies B.V., Bruistensingel 130, 5232 AC ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shojaee P, Mornata F, Deutsch A, Locati M, Hatzikirou H. The impact of tumor associated macrophages on tumor biology under the lens of mathematical modelling: A review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050067. [PMID: 36439180 PMCID: PMC9685623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the role of mathematical modelling to elucidate the impact of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor progression and therapy design. We first outline the biology of TAMs, and its current application in tumor therapies, and their experimental methods that provide insights into tumor cell-macrophage interactions. We then focus on the mechanistic mathematical models describing the role of macrophages as drug carriers, the impact of macrophage polarized activation on tumor growth, and the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) parameters on the tumor-macrophage interactions. This review aims to identify the synergies between biological and mathematical approaches that allow us to translate knowledge on fundamental TAMs biology in addressing current clinical challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Shojaee
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Federica Mornata
- Leukocyte Biology Lab, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Massimo Locati
- Leukocyte Biology Lab, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Centre (HEIC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Y, Wu X, Yang P, Jiang G, Luo Y. Machine Learning for Lung Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:850-866. [PMID: 36462630 PMCID: PMC10025752 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of imaging and sequencing technologies enables systematic advances in the clinical study of lung cancer. Meanwhile, the human mind is limited in effectively handling and fully utilizing the accumulation of such enormous amounts of data. Machine learning-based approaches play a critical role in integrating and analyzing these large and complex datasets, which have extensively characterized lung cancer through the use of different perspectives from these accrued data. In this review, we provide an overview of machine learning-based approaches that strengthen the varying aspects of lung cancer diagnosis and therapy, including early detection, auxiliary diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and immunotherapy practice. Moreover, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for future applications of machine learning in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 / Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Guoqian Jiang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Karatza E, Papachristos A, Sivolapenko GB, Gonzalez D. Machine learning-guided covariate selection for time-to-event models developed from a small sample of real-world patients receiving bevacizumab treatment. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:1328-1340. [PMID: 35851999 PMCID: PMC9574729 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) receiving bevacizumab treatment are highly variable, and a reliable predictive factor is not available. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded from an observational, prospective study after 5 years of follow-up, including 46 patients with mCRC receiving bevacizumab treatment. Three vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and two intercellular adhesion molecule-1 genes polymorphisms, age, gender, weight, dosing scheme, and co-treatments were collected. Given the relatively small number of events (37 [80%] for the PFS and 26 [57%] for the OS), to study the effect of these covariates on PFS and OS, a covariate analysis was performed using statistical and supervised machine learning techniques, including Cox regression, penalized Cox regression techniques (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [LASSO], ridge regression, and elastic net), survival trees, and survival forest. The predictive performance of each method was evaluated in bootstrapped samples, using prediction error curves and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic. The LASSO penalized Cox-regression model showed the best overall performance. Nonlinear mixed effects (NLME) models were developed, and a conventional stepwise covariate search was performed. Then, covariates identified as important by the LASSO model were included in the base NLME models developed for PFS and OS, resulting in improved models as compared to those obtained with the stepwise covariate search. It was shown that having gene polymorphisms in VEGFA (rs699947 and rs1570360) and ICAM1 (rs1799969) are associated with a favorable clinical outcome in patients with mCRC receiving bevacizumab treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Karatza
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Apostolos Papachristos
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health SciencesUniversity of PatrasRion, PatrasGreece
| | - Gregory B. Sivolapenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health SciencesUniversity of PatrasRion, PatrasGreece
| | - Daniel Gonzalez
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Coggan H, Andres Terre H, Liò P. A novel interpretable machine learning algorithm to identify optimal parameter space for cancer growth. Front Big Data 2022; 5:941451. [PMID: 36172548 PMCID: PMC9510846 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2022.941451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increase in the application of machine learning to the analysis of physical and biological systems, including cancer progression. A fundamental downside to these tools is that their complexity and nonlinearity makes it almost impossible to establish a deterministic, a priori relationship between their input and output, and thus their predictions are not wholly accountable. We begin with a series of proofs establishing that this holds even for the simplest possible model of a neural network; the effects of specific loss functions are explored more fully in Appendices. We return to first principles and consider how to construct a physics-inspired model of tumor growth without resorting to stochastic gradient descent or artificial nonlinearities. We derive an algorithm which explores the space of possible parameters in a model of tumor growth and identifies candidate equations much faster than a simulated annealing approach. We test this algorithm on synthetic tumor-growth trajectories and show that it can efficiently and reliably narrow down the area of parameter space where the correct values are located. This approach has the potential to greatly improve the speed and reliability with which patient-specific models of cancer growth can be identified in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Coggan
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Helena Coggan
| | - Helena Andres Terre
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Liò
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
An Artificial Intelligence-Based Tool for Data Analysis and Prognosis in Cancer Patients: Results from the Clarify Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164041. [PMID: 36011034 PMCID: PMC9406336 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is associated with significant morbimortality worldwide. Although significant advances have been made in the last few decades in terms of early detection and treatment, providing personalized care remains a challenge. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a means of improving cancer care with the use of computer science. Identification of risk factors for poor prognosis and patient profiling with AI techniques and tools is feasible and has potential application in clinical settings, including surveillance management. The goal of this study is to present an AI-based solution tool for cancer patients data analysis and improve their management by identifying clinical factors associated with relapse and survival, developing a prognostic model that identifies features associated with poor prognosis, and stratifying patients by risk. Abstract Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has contributed substantially in recent years to the resolution of different biomedical problems, including cancer. However, AI tools with significant and widespread impact in oncology remain scarce. The goal of this study is to present an AI-based solution tool for cancer patients data analysis that assists clinicians in identifying the clinical factors associated with poor prognosis, relapse and survival, and to develop a prognostic model that stratifies patients by risk. Materials and Methods: We used clinical data from 5275 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma at Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda. Accessible clinical parameters measured with a wearable device and quality of life questionnaires data were also collected. Results: Using an AI-tool, data from 5275 cancer patients were analyzed, integrating clinical data, questionnaires data, and data collected from wearable devices. Descriptive analyses were performed in order to explore the patients’ characteristics, survival probabilities were calculated, and a prognostic model identified low and high-risk profile patients. Conclusion: Overall, the reconstruction of the population’s risk profile for the cancer-specific predictive model was achieved and proved useful in clinical practice using artificial intelligence. It has potential application in clinical settings to improve risk stratification, early detection, and surveillance management of cancer patients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wilbaux M, Demanse D, Gu Y, Jullion A, Myers A, Katsanou V, Meille C. Contribution of machine learning to tumor growth inhibition modeling for hepatocellular carcinoma patients under Roblitinib (FGF401) drug treatment. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:1122-1134. [PMID: 35728123 PMCID: PMC9381917 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) opens new perspectives in identifying predictive factors of efficacy among a large number of patients’ characteristics in oncology studies. The objective of this work was to combine ML with population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling of tumor growth inhibition to understand the sources of variability between patients and therefore improve model predictions to support drug development decisions. Data from 127 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma enrolled in a phase I/II study evaluating once‐daily oral doses of the fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR4 kinase inhibitor, Roblitinib (FGF401), were used. Roblitinib PKs was best described by a two‐compartment model with a delayed zero‐order absorption and linear elimination. Clinical efficacy using the longitudinal sum of the longest lesion diameter data was described with a population PK/PD model of tumor growth inhibition including resistance to treatment. ML, applying elastic net modeling of time to progression data, was associated with cross‐validation, and allowed to derive a composite predictive risk score from a set of 75 patients’ baseline characteristics. The two approaches were combined by testing the inclusion of the continuous risk score as a covariate on PD model parameters. The score was found as a significant covariate on the resistance parameter and resulted in 19% reduction of its variability, and 32% variability reduction on the average dose for stasis. The final PK/PD model was used to simulate effect of patients’ characteristics on tumor growth inhibition profiles. The proposed methodology can be used to support drug development decisions, especially when large interpatient variability is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Demanse
- Early Development Analytics, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yi Gu
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
| | - Astrid Jullion
- Early Development Analytics, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luchini C, Pantanowitz L, Adsay V, Asa SL, Antonini P, Girolami I, Veronese N, Nottegar A, Cingarlini S, Landoni L, Brosens LA, Verschuur AV, Mattiolo P, Pea A, Mafficini A, Milella M, Niazi MK, Gurcan MN, Eccher A, Cree IA, Scarpa A. Ki-67 assessment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Systematic review and meta-analysis of manual vs. digital pathology scoring. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:712-720. [PMID: 35249100 PMCID: PMC9174054 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ki-67 assessment is a key step in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) from all anatomic locations. Several challenges exist related to quantifying the Ki-67 proliferation index due to lack of method standardization and inter-reader variability. The application of digital pathology coupled with machine learning has been shown to be highly accurate and reproducible for the evaluation of Ki-67 in NENs. We systematically reviewed all published studies on the subject of Ki-67 assessment in pancreatic NENs (PanNENs) employing digital image analysis (DIA). The most common advantages of DIA were improvement in the standardization and reliability of Ki-67 evaluation, as well as its speed and practicality, compared to the current gold standard approach of manual counts from captured images, which is cumbersome and time consuming. The main limitations were attributed to higher costs, lack of widespread availability (as of yet), operator qualification and training issues (if it is not done by pathologists), and most importantly, the drawback of image algorithms counting contaminating non-neoplastic cells and other signals like hemosiderin. However, solutions are rapidly developing for all of these challenging issues. A comparative meta-analysis for DIA versus manual counting shows very high concordance (global coefficient of concordance: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98) between these two modalities. These findings support the widespread adoption of validated DIA methods for Ki-67 assessment in PanNENs, provided that measures are in place to ensure counting of only tumor cells either by software modifications or education of non-pathologist operators, as well as selection of standard regions of interest for analysis. NENs, being cellular and monotonous neoplasms, are naturally more amenable to Ki-67 assessment. However, lessons of this review may be applicable to other neoplasms where proliferation activity has become an integral part of theranostic evaluation including breast, brain, and hematolymphoid neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
- ARC-Net Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology, Koç University Hospital and Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pietro Antonini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Girolami
- Division of Pathology, San Maurizio Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Nottegar
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Cingarlini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Landoni
- Department of Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lodewijk A Brosens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna V Verschuur
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Mattiolo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Pea
- Department of Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Department of Medicine, Section of Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Muhammad K Niazi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Metin N Gurcan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Albino Eccher
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Ian A Cree
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
- ARC-Net Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
When artificial intelligence meets PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: Population screening, response prediction and efficacy evaluation. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Zhang T, Cho CR, Bonate PL. Perspectives on training quantitative systems pharmacologists. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:669-672. [PMID: 35388628 PMCID: PMC9197534 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tongli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Carolyn R. Cho
- Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics‐Immuno‐onocology Merck & Co., Inc. Kenilworth New Jersey USA
| | - Peter L. Bonate
- Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Development, New Technologies Astellas Northbrook Illinois USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ghosh NK, Kumar A. Colorectal cancer: Artificial intelligence and its role in surgical decision making. Artif Intell Gastroenterol 2022; 3:36-45. [DOI: 10.35712/aig.v3.i2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several advances in the oncological management of colorectal cancer (CRC), there still remains a lacuna in the treatment strategy, which differs from center to center and on the philosophy of the treating clinician that is not without bias. Personalized treatment is essential for the treatment of CRC to achieve better long-term outcomes and to reduce morbidity. Surgery has an important role to play in the treatment. Surgical treatment of CRC is decided based on clinical parameters and investigations and hence likely to have judgmental errors. Artificial intelligence has been reported to be useful in the surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up with accuracy in several malignancies. However, it is still evolving and yet to be established in surgical decision making in CRC. It is not only useful preoperatively but also intraoperatively. Artificial intelligence helps to rectify the human surgical decision when clinical data and radiological and laboratory parameters are fed into the computer and may guide correct surgical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Kanta Ghosh
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang T, Tyson JJ. Understanding virtual patients efficiently and rigorously by combining machine learning with dynamical modelling. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2022; 49:117-131. [PMID: 34985622 PMCID: PMC8837571 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-021-09798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Individual biological organisms are characterized by daunting heterogeneity, which precludes describing or understanding populations of ‘patients’ with a single mathematical model. Recently, the field of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) has adopted the notion of virtual patients (VPs) to cope with this challenge. A typical population of VPs represents the behavior of a heterogeneous patient population with a distribution of parameter values over a mathematical model of fixed structure. Though this notion of VPs is a powerful tool to describe patients’ heterogeneity, the analysis and understanding of these VPs present new challenges to systems pharmacologists. Here, using a model of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, we show that an integrated pipeline that combines machine learning (ML) and bifurcation analysis can be used to effectively and efficiently analyse the behaviors observed in populations of VPs. Compared with local sensitivity analyses, ML allows us to capture and analyse the contributions of simultaneous changes of multiple model parameters. Following up with bifurcation analysis, we are able to provide rigorous mechanistic insight regarding the influences of ML-identified parameters on the dynamical system’s behaviors. In this work, we illustrate the utility of this pipeline and suggest that its wider adoption will facilitate the use of VPs in the practice of systems pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.
| | - John J Tyson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Androulakis IP. Teaching computational systems biology with an eye on quantitative systems pharmacology at the undergraduate level: Why do it, who would take it, and what should we teach? FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:1044281. [PMID: 36866242 PMCID: PMC9977321 DOI: 10.3389/fsysb.2022.1044281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Computational systems biology (CSB) is a field that emerged primarily as the product of research activities. As such, it grew in several directions in a distributed and uncoordinated manner making the area appealing and fascinating. The idea of not having to follow a specific path but instead creating one fueled innovation. As the field matured, several interdisciplinary graduate programs emerged attempting to educate future generations of computational systems biologists. These educational initiatives coordinated the dissemination of information across student populations that had already decided to specialize in this field. However, we are now entering an era where CSB, having established itself as a valuable research discipline, is attempting the next major step: Entering undergraduate curricula. As interesting as this endeavor may sound, it has several difficulties, mainly because the field is not uniformly defined. In this manuscript, we argue that this diversity is a significant advantage and that several incarnations of an undergraduate-level CSB biology course could, and should, be developed tailored to programmatic needs. In this manuscript, we share our experiences creating a course as part of a Biomedical Engineering program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Androulakis
- Biomedical Engineering Department, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.,Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luchini C, Pea A, Scarpa A. Artificial intelligence in oncology: current applications and future perspectives. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:4-9. [PMID: 34837074 PMCID: PMC8727615 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is concretely reshaping the landscape and horizons of oncology, opening new important opportunities for improving the management of cancer patients. Analysing the AI-based devices that have already obtained the official approval by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA), here we show that cancer diagnostics is the oncology-related area in which AI is already entered with the largest impact into clinical practice. Furthermore, breast, lung and prostate cancers represent the specific cancer types that now are experiencing more advantages from AI-based devices. The future perspectives of AI in oncology are discussed: the creation of multidisciplinary platforms, the comprehension of the importance of all neoplasms, including rare tumours and the continuous support for guaranteeing its growth represent in this time the most important challenges for finalising the 'AI-revolution' in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy. .,ARC-Net Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Antonio Pea
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XDepartment of Surgery, the Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy. .,ARC-Net Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Combining dynamic modeling with machine learning can be the key for the integration of mathematical and clinical oncology. Phys Life Rev 2022; 40:1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Liu J, Wang H, Yang Z, Quan J, Liu L, Tian J. Deep learning-based computer-aided heart sound analysis in children with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2021; 348:58-64. [PMID: 34902505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore a new algorithm model capable of leverage deep learning to screen and diagnose specific types of left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease (CHD) in children. METHODS Using deep learning, screening models were constructed to identify 884 heart sound recordings from children with left-to-right shunt CHD. The most suitable model for each type was summarized and compared with expert auscultation. An exploratory analysis was conducted to assess whether there were correlations between heart sounds and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pulmonary artery pressure, and malformation size. RESULTS The residual convolution recurrent neural network (RCRnet) classification model had higher accuracy than other models with respect to atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septum defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and combined CHD, and the best auscultation sites were determined to be the 4th, 5th, 2nd and 3rd auscultation areas, respectively. The diagnostic results of this model were better than those derived from expert auscultation, with sensitivity values of 0.932-1.000, specificity values of 0.944-0.997, precision values of 0.888-0.997 and accuracy values of 0.940-0.994. Absolute Pearson correlation coefficient values between heart sounds of the four types of CHD and LVEF, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and malformation size were all less than 0.3. CONCLUSIONS The RCRnet model can preliminarily determine types of left-to-right shunt CHD and improve diagnostic efficiency, which may provide a new choice algorithmic CHD screening in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China; Medical Data Science Academy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolin Wang
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Quan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China; Department of Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Machine Learning for Prediction of Immunotherapy Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer from Simple Clinical and Biological Data. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246210. [PMID: 34944830 PMCID: PMC8699503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now a therapeutic standard in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but strong predictive markers for ICIs efficacy are still lacking. We evaluated machine learning models built on simple clinical and biological data to individually predict response to ICIs. METHODS Patients with metastatic NSCLC who received ICI in second line or later were included. We collected clinical and hematological data and studied the association of this data with disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms were assessed for their ability to predict response. RESULTS Overall, 298 patients were enrolled. The overall response rate and DCR were 15.3% and 53%, respectively. Median PFS and OS were 3.3 and 11.4 months, respectively. In multivariable analysis, DCR was significantly associated with performance status (PS) and hemoglobin level (OR 0.58, p < 0.0001; OR 1.8, p < 0.001). These variables were also associated with PFS and OS and ranked top in random forest-based feature importance. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was also associated with DCR, PFS and OS. The best ML algorithm was a random forest. It could predict DCR with satisfactory efficacy based on these three variables. Ten-fold cross-validated performances were: accuracy 0.68 ± 0.04, sensitivity 0.58 ± 0.08; specificity 0.78 ± 0.06; positive predictive value 0.70 ± 0.08; negative predictive value 0.68 ± 0.06; AUC 0.74 ± 0.03. CONCLUSION Combination of simple clinical and biological data could accurately predict disease control rate at the individual level.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kurz D, Sánchez CS, Axenie C. Data-Driven Discovery of Mathematical and Physical Relations in Oncology Data Using Human-Understandable Machine Learning. Front Artif Intell 2021; 4:713690. [PMID: 34901835 PMCID: PMC8655230 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2021.713690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, researchers have used the concepts of rate of change and differential equations to model and forecast neoplastic processes. This expressive mathematical apparatus brought significant insights in oncology by describing the unregulated proliferation and host interactions of cancer cells, as well as their response to treatments. Now, these theories have been given a new life and found new applications. With the advent of routine cancer genome sequencing and the resulting abundance of data, oncology now builds an "arsenal" of new modeling and analysis tools. Models describing the governing physical laws of tumor-host-drug interactions can be now challenged with biological data to make predictions about cancer progression. Our study joins the efforts of the mathematical and computational oncology community by introducing a novel machine learning system for data-driven discovery of mathematical and physical relations in oncology. The system utilizes computational mechanisms such as competition, cooperation, and adaptation in neural networks to simultaneously learn the statistics and the governing relations between multiple clinical data covariates. Targeting an easy adoption in clinical oncology, the solutions of our system reveal human-understandable properties and features hidden in the data. As our experiments demonstrate, our system can describe nonlinear conservation laws in cancer kinetics and growth curves, symmetries in tumor's phenotypic staging transitions, the preoperative spatial tumor distribution, and up to the nonlinear intracellular and extracellular pharmacokinetics of neoadjuvant therapies. The primary goal of our work is to enhance or improve the mechanistic understanding of cancer dynamics by exploiting heterogeneous clinical data. We demonstrate through multiple instantiations that our system is extracting an accurate human-understandable representation of the underlying dynamics of physical interactions central to typical oncology problems. Our results and evaluation demonstrate that, using simple-yet powerful-computational mechanisms, such a machine learning system can support clinical decision-making. To this end, our system is a representative tool of the field of mathematical and computational oncology and offers a bridge between the data, the modeler, the data scientist, and the practicing clinician.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kurz
- Interdisziplinäres Brustzentrum, Helios Klinikum München West, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlos Salort Sánchez
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Cristian Axenie
- Audi Konfuzius-Institut Ingolstadt Laboratory, Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang T. A Modeling and Machine Learning Pipeline to Rationally Design Treatments to Restore Neuroendocrine Disorders in Heterogeneous Individuals. Front Genet 2021; 12:656508. [PMID: 34567056 PMCID: PMC8458900 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.656508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity among individual patients presents a fundamental challenge to effective treatment, since a treatment protocol working for a portion of the population often fails in others. We hypothesize that a computational pipeline integrating mathematical modeling and machine learning could be used to address this fundamental challenge and facilitate the optimization of individualized treatment protocols. We tested our hypothesis with the neuroendocrine systems controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. With a synergistic combination of mathematical modeling and machine learning (ML), this integrated computational pipeline could indeed efficiently reveal optimal treatment targets that significantly contribute to the effective treatment of heterogeneous individuals. What is more, the integrated pipeline also suggested quantitative information on how these key targets should be perturbed. Based on such ML revealed hints, mathematical modeling could be used to rationally design novel protocols and test their performances. We believe that this integrated computational pipeline, properly applied in combination with other computational, experimental and clinical research tools, can be used to design novel and improved treatment against a broad range of complex diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
This perspective article gathers the latest developments in mathematical and computational oncology tools that exploit network approaches for the mathematical modelling, analysis, and simulation of cancer development and therapy design. It instigates the community to explore new paths and synergies under the umbrella of the Special Issue “Networks in Cancer: From Symmetry Breaking to Targeted Therapy”. The focus of the perspective is to demonstrate how networks can model the physics, analyse the interactions, and predict the evolution of the multiple processes behind tumour-host encounters across multiple scales. From agent-based modelling and mechano-biology to machine learning and predictive modelling, the perspective motivates a methodology well suited to mathematical and computational oncology and suggests approaches that mark a viable path towards adoption in the clinic.
Collapse
|
36
|
Terranova N, Venkatakrishnan K, Benincosa LJ. Application of Machine Learning in Translational Medicine: Current Status and Future Opportunities. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:74. [PMID: 34008139 PMCID: PMC8130984 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The exponential increase in our ability to harness multi-dimensional biological and clinical data from experimental to real-world settings has transformed pharmaceutical research and development in recent years, with increasing applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Patient-centered iterative forward and reverse translation is at the heart of precision medicine discovery and development across the continuum from target validation to optimization of pharmacotherapy. Integration of advanced analytics into the practice of Translational Medicine is now a fundamental enabler to fully exploit information contained in diverse sources of big data sets such as “omics” data, as illustrated by deep characterizations of the genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, microbiome, and exposome. In this commentary, we provide an overview of ML applications in drug discovery and development, aligned with the three strategic pillars of Translational Medicine (target, patient, dose) and offer perspectives on their potential to transform the science and practice of the discipline. Opportunities for integrating ML approaches into the discipline of Pharmacometrics are discussed and will revolutionize the practice of model-informed drug discovery and development. Finally, we posit that joint efforts of Clinical Pharmacology, Bioinformatics, and Biomarker Technology experts are vital in cross-functional team settings to realize the promise of AI/ML-enabled Translational and Precision Medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Terranova
- Translational Medicine, Merck Institute for Pharmacometrics, Merck Serono S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- Translational Medicine, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa J Benincosa
- Translational Medicine, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bondarenko M, Le Grand M, Shaked Y, Raviv Z, Chapuisat G, Carrère C, Montero MP, Rossi M, Pasquier E, Carré M, André N. Metronomic Chemotherapy Modulates Clonal Interactions to Prevent Drug Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092239. [PMID: 34066944 PMCID: PMC8125381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in deciphering cancer drug resistance mechanisms, relapse is a widely observed phenomenon in advanced cancers, mainly due to intratumor clonal heterogeneity. How tumor clones progress and impact each other remains elusive. In this study, we developed 2D and 3D non-small cell lung cancer co-culture systems and defined a phenomenological mathematical model to better understand clone dynamics. Our results demonstrated that the drug-sensitive clones inhibit the proliferation of the drug-resistant ones under untreated conditions. Model predictions and their experimental in vitro and in vivo validations indicated that a metronomic schedule leads to a better regulation of tumor cell heterogeneity over time than a maximum-tolerated dose schedule, while achieving control of tumor progression. We finally showed that drug-sensitive and -resistant clones exhibited different metabolic statuses that could be involved in controlling the intratumor heterogeneity dynamics. Our data suggested that the glycolytic activity of drug-sensitive clones could play a major role in inhibiting the drug-resistant clone proliferation. Altogether, these computational and experimental approaches provide foundations for using metronomic therapy to control drug-sensitive and -resistant clone balance and highlight the potential of targeting cell metabolism to manage intratumor heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Bondarenko
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Timone Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Le Grand
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel; (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
- Metronomics Global Health Initiative, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Ziv Raviv
- Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel; (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
| | | | - Cécile Carrère
- Institut Denis Poisson, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 45100 Orléans, France;
| | - Marie-Pierre Montero
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Mailys Rossi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Eddy Pasquier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
- Metronomics Global Health Initiative, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Manon Carré
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (N.A.); Tel.: +33-(0)4-9183-5626 (M.C. & N.A.)
| | - Nicolas André
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Timone Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France
- Metronomics Global Health Initiative, 13385 Marseille, France
- Service d’Hématologie & Oncologie Pédiatrique, AP-HM, 13385 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (N.A.); Tel.: +33-(0)4-9183-5626 (M.C. & N.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tsompanas MA, Bull L, Adamatzky A, Balaz I. Metameric representations on optimization of nano particle cancer treatment. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
39
|
Chakravarty K, Antontsev V, Bundey Y, Varshney J. Driving success in personalized medicine through AI-enabled computational modeling. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1459-1465. [PMID: 33609781 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of successful drugs is expensive and time-consuming because of high clinical attrition rates. This is caused partially by the rupture seen in the translatability of the drug from the bench to the clinic in the context of personalized medicine. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven platforms integrated with mechanistic modeling have become instrumental in accelerating the drug development process by leveraging data ubiquitously across the various phases. AI can counter the deficiencies and ambiguities that arise during the classical drug development process while reducing human intervention and bridging the translational gap in discovering the connections between drugs and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Antontsev
- VeriSIM Life Inc., 1 Sansome St. Suite 3500, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
| | - Yogesh Bundey
- VeriSIM Life Inc., 1 Sansome St. Suite 3500, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
| | - Jyotika Varshney
- VeriSIM Life Inc., 1 Sansome St. Suite 3500, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Venkatakrishnan K, van der Graaf PH, Holstein SA. The Changing Face of Oncology Research, Drug Development, and Clinical Practice: Toward Patient-Focused Precision Therapeutics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 108:399-404. [PMID: 33439492 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA.,A Business of, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Sarah A Holstein
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Benzekry S, Sentis C, Coze C, Tessonnier L, André N. Development and Validation of a Prediction Model of Overall Survival in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Using Mechanistic Modeling of Metastasis. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2021; 5:81-90. [PMID: 33439729 DOI: 10.1200/cci.20.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma (HRNB) remains poor despite multimodal therapies. Better prediction of survival could help to refine patient stratification and better tailor treatments. We established a mechanistic model of metastasis in HRNB relying on two processes: growth and dissemination relying on two patient-specific parameters: the dissemination rate μ and the minimal visible lesion size Svis. This model was calibrated using diagnosis values of primary tumor size, lactate dehydrogenase circulating levels, and the meta-iodobenzylguanidine International Society for Paediatric Oncology European (SIOPEN) score from nuclear imaging, using data from 49 metastatic patients. It was able to describe the data of total tumor mass (lactate dehydrogenase, R2 > 0.99) and number of visible metastases (SIOPEN, R2 = 0.96). A prediction model of overall survival (OS) was then developed using Cox regression. Clinical variables alone were not able to generate a model with sufficient OS prognosis ability (P = .507). The parameter μ was found to be independent of the clinical variables and positively associated with OS (P = .0739 in multivariable analysis). Critically, addition of this computational biomarker significantly improved prediction of OS with a concordance index increasing from 0.675 (95% CI, 0.663 to 0.688) to 0.733 (95% CI, 0.722 to 0.744, P < .0001), resulting in significant OS prognosis ability (P = .0422).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Benzekry
- MONC Team, Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest and Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Coline Sentis
- Paediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hôpital pour enfant de La Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Coze
- Paediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hôpital pour enfant de La Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laëtitia Tessonnier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital de La Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas André
- Paediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hôpital pour enfant de La Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,SMARTc Unit, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tumor Targeted Drug Delivery Using Nano-Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010092. [PMID: 33445681 PMCID: PMC7828117 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-engineered mesenchymal stem cells (nano-MSCs) are promising targeted drug delivery platforms for treating solid tumors. MSCs engineered with paclitaxel (PTX) loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are efficacious in treating lung and ovarian tumors in mouse models. The quantitative description of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of nano-MSCs is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic efficacy and clinical translatability. However, successful translation of nano-MSCs is challenging due to their complex composition and physiological mechanisms regulating their pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship (PK-PD). Therefore, in this study, a mechanism-based preclinical PK-PD model was developed to characterize the PK-PD relationship of nano-MSCs in orthotopic A549 human lung tumors in SCID Beige mice. The developed model leveraged literature information on diffusivity and permeability of PTX and PLGA NPs, PTX release from PLGA NPs, exocytosis of NPs from MSCs as well as PK and PD profiles of nano-MSCs from previous in vitro and in vivo studies. The developed PK-PD model closely captured the reported tumor growth in animals receiving no treatment, PTX solution, PTX-PLGA NPs and nano-MSCs. Model simulations suggest that increasing the dosage of nano-MSCs and/or reducing the rate of PTX-PLGA NPs exocytosis from MSCs could result in improved anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical settings.
Collapse
|