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Arfelis S, Martín-Perales AI, Nguyen R, Pérez A, Cherubin I, Len C, Malpartida I, Bala A, Fullana-I-Palmer P. Linking mechanochemistry with the green chemistry principles: Review article. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34655. [PMID: 39148985 PMCID: PMC11325060 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The need to explore contemporary alternatives for industrial production has driven the development of innovative techniques that address critical limitations linked to traditional batch mechanochemistry. One particularly promising strategy involves the integration of flow processes with mechanochemistry. Three noteworthy technologies in this domain are single-screw extrusion (SSE) and twin-screw extrusion (TSE) and Impact (Induction) in Continuous-flow Heated Mechanochemistry (ICHeM). These technologies go beyond the industrial production of polymers, extending to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the fabrication of (nano)materials, and the extraction of high-added value products through the valorisation of biomass and waste materials. In accordance with the principles of green chemistry, ball milling processes are generally considered greener compared to conventional solvothermal processes. In fact, ball milling processes require less solvent, enhance reaction rates and reaction conversion by increasing surface area and substituting thermal energy with mechanochemical energy, among others. Special attention will be given to the types of products, reactants, size of the milling balls and reaction conditions, selecting 60 articles after applying a screening methodology during the period 2020-2022. This paper aims to compile and analyze the cutting edge of research in utilizing mechanochemistry for green chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Arfelis
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana I Martín-Perales
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie C3, Universidad de Córdoba, Crta. Nnal IV-A, km 396, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Remy Nguyen
- Chimie ParisTech, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CNRS, PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | | | - Igor Cherubin
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Polytechnique Montreal, Département de Génie Chimique, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christophe Len
- Chimie ParisTech, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CNRS, PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
- Université de Technologie de Compiegne, CS 60319, Compiegne Cedex, 60203, France
| | - Irene Malpartida
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Av. de Cervantes 2, 29016, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alba Bala
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Fullana-I-Palmer
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Kobayashi H, Fukuoka A. Mechanochemical Hydrolysis of Polysaccharide Biomass: Scope and Mechanistic Insights. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300554. [PMID: 38224154 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces can affect chemical reactions in a way that thermal reactions cannot do, which may have a variety of applications. In biomass conversion, the selective conversion of cellulose and chitin is a grand challenge because they are the top two most abundant resources and recalcitrant materials that are insoluble in common solvents. However, recent works have clarified that mechanical forces enable the depolymerization of these polysaccharides, leading to the selective production of corresponding monomers and oligomers. This article reviews the mechanochemical hydrolysis of cellulose and chitin, particularly focusing on the scope and mechanisms to show a landscape of this research field and future subjects. We introduce the background of mechanochemistry and biomass conversion, followed by recent progress on the mechanochemical hydrolysis of the polysaccharides. Afterwards, a considerable space is devoted to the mechanistic consideration on the mechanochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, 153-8902, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, 001-0021, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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3
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Oliveira L, Pereira M, Pacheli Heitman A, Filho J, Oliveira C, Ziolek M. Niobium: The Focus on Catalytic Application in the Conversion of Biomass and Biomass Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:1527. [PMID: 36838514 PMCID: PMC9960283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The world scenario regarding consumption and demand for products based on fossil fuels has demonstrated the imperative need to develop new technologies capable of using renewable resources. In this context, the use of biomass to obtain chemical intermediates and fuels has emerged as an important area of research in recent years, since it is a renewable source of carbon in great abundance. It has the benefit of not contributing to the additional emission of greenhouse gases since the CO2 released during the energy conversion process is consumed by it through photosynthesis. In the presented review, the authors provide an update of the literature in the field of biomass transformation with the use of niobium-containing catalysts, emphasizing the versatility of niobium compounds for the conversion of different types of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Campus Pampulha, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio Pereira
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Campus Mucuri, Universidade Federal dos Vales Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni 39803-371, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Pacheli Heitman
- Departamento de Química, Campus Pampulha, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - José Filho
- Departamento de Química, Campus Pampulha, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Campus Pampulha, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Ziolek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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4
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Kobayashi H, Suzuki Y, Sagawa T, Saito M, Fukuoka A. Selective Synthesis of Oligosaccharides by Mechanochemical Hydrolysis of Chitin over a Carbon-Based Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214229. [PMID: 36307374 PMCID: PMC10099807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides possess fascinating functions that are applicable in a variety of fields, such as agriculture. However, the selective synthesis of oligosaccharides, especially chitin-oligosaccharides, has remained a challenge. Chitin-oligosaccharides activate the plant immune system, enabling crops to withstand pathogens without harmful agrichemicals. Here, we demonstrate the conversion of chitin to chitin-oligosaccharides using a carbon catalyst with weak acid sites and mechanical milling. The catalyst produces chitin-oligosaccharides with up to 94 % selectivity in good yields. Monte-Carlo simulations indicate that our system preferentially hydrolyzes larger chitin molecules over oligomers, thus providing the desired high selectivity. This unique kinetics is in contrast to the fact that typical catalytic systems rapidly hydrolyze oligomers to monomers. Unlike other materials carbons more strongly adsorb large polysaccharides than small oligomers, which is suitable for the selective synthesis of small oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Sagawa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Showa Denko K.K., 1-13-9 Shiba Daimon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8518, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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5
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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6
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Kessler M, Rinaldi R. Kinetic Energy Dose as a Unified Metric for Comparing Ball Mills in the Mechanocatalytic Depolymerization of Lignocellulose. Front Chem 2022; 9:816553. [PMID: 35047484 PMCID: PMC8762196 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.816553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry utilizes mechanical forces to activate chemical bonds. It offers environmentally benign routes for both (bio) organic and inorganic syntheses. However, direct comparison of mechanochemistry results is often very challenging. In mechanochemical synthetic protocols, ball mill setup (mechanical design and grinding vessel geometry) in addition to experimental parameters (milling frequency, duration, ball count and size) vary broadly. This fact poses a severe issue to further progress in this exciting research area because ball mill setup and experimental parameters govern how much kinetic energy is transferred to a chemical reaction. In this work, we address the challenge of comparing mechanochemical reaction results by taking the energy dose provided by ball mills as a unified metric into account. In this quest, we applied kinematic modeling to two ball mills functioning under distinct working principles to express the energy dose as a mathematical function of the experimental parameters. By examining the effect of energy dose on the extent of the mechanocatalytic depolymerization (MCD) of lignocellulosic biomass (beechwood), we found linear correlations between yield of water-soluble products (WSP) and energy dose for both ball mills. Interestingly, when a substrate layer is formed on the grinding jar wall and/or grinding medium, a weak non-linear correlation between water-soluble products yield and energy dose is identified. We demonstrate that the chemical reaction’s best utilization of kinetic energy is achieved in the linear regime, which presents improved WSP yields for given energy doses. In the broader context, the current analysis outlines the usefulness of the energy dose as a unified metric in mechanochemistry to further the understanding of reaction results obtained from different ball mills operating under varied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Kobayashi H, Suzuki Y, Sagawa T, Kuroki K, Hasegawa JY, Fukuoka A. Impact of tensile and compressive forces on the hydrolysis of cellulose and chitin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15908-15916. [PMID: 34160486 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01650d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry enables unique reaction pathways in comparison to conventional thermal reactions. Notably, it can achieve selective hydrolysis of cellulose and chitin, a set of abundant and recalcitrant biomass, by solvent-free ball-milling in the presence of acid catalysts. Although the merits of mechanochemistry for this reaction are known, the reaction mechanism is still unclear. Here, we show how the mechanical forces produced by ball-milling activate the glycosidic bonds of carbohydrate molecules towards hydrolysis. This work uses experimental and theoretical evaluations to clarify the mechanism. The experimental results reveal that the ball-mill accelerates the hydrolysis by mechanical forces rather than local heat. Meanwhile, the classical and quantum mechanics calculations indicate the subnano to nano Newton order of tensile and compressive forces that activate polysaccharide molecules in the ball-milling process. Although previous studies have taken into account only the stretching of the molecules, our results show that compressive forces are stronger and effective for the activation of glycosidic bonds. Accordingly, in addition to stretching, compression is crucial for the mechanocatalytic reaction. Our work connects the classical physics of ball-milling on a macro scale with molecular activation at a quantum level, which would help to understand and control mechanochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.
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8
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Liu X, Yan P, Xu Z, Zhang ZC. The effect of mix-milling with P 2O 5 on cellulose physicochemical properties responsible for increased glucose yield. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117652. [PMID: 33593540 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Breaking the recalcitrant structure of native crystalline cellulose is an energy demanding rate liming step in the production of glucose from cellulosic biomass. Mix-milling of lignocellulosic substrates (with P2O5) dramatically increased glucose yield. In this work, the changes of physicochemical characteristics (morphology, structure, degree of polymerization (DP), solubility) of cellulose during mix-milling (with P2O5) are correlated with glucose yield in the subsequent chemical hydrolysis process. The mix-milling enables highly efficient breakdown of cellulose I crystalline to smaller amorphous particles with low DP, which is recrystallized into cellulose II structure after water-wetting. As a result, the mix-milled cellulose (MMC) shows higher hydrolysis reactivity than that of single-milled cellulose (SMC). The results showed that small particle size, low DP, higher solubility and cellulose II content are correlated with the hydrolysis reactivity of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Peifang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Zhanwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Z Conrad Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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9
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Calcio Gaudino E, Cravotto G, Manzoli M, Tabasso S. Sono- and mechanochemical technologies in the catalytic conversion of biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1785-1812. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01152e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review focuses on the valorisation of biomass by sonochemical and mechanochemical activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
| | - Maela Manzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
| | - Silvia Tabasso
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
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10
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Solvent-Free Approaches in Carbohydrate Synthetic Chemistry: Role of Catalysis in Reactivity and Selectivity. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their abundance in biomass and availability at a low cost, carbohydrates are very useful precursors for products of interest in a broad range of scientific applications. For example, they can be either converted into basic chemicals or used as chiral precursors for the synthesis of potentially bioactive molecules, even including nonsaccharide targets; in addition, there is also a broad interest toward the potential of synthetic sugar-containing structures in the field of functional materials. Synthetic elaboration of carbohydrates, in both the selective modification of functional groups and the assembly of oligomeric structures, is not trivial and often entails experimentally demanding approaches practiced by specialized groups. Over the last years, a large number of solvent-free synthetic methods have appeared in the literature, often being endowed with several advantages such as greenness, experimental simplicity, and a larger scope than analogous reactions in solution. Most of these methods are catalytically promoted, and the catalyst often plays a key role in the selectivity associated with the process. This review aims to describe the significant recent contributions in the solvent-free synthetic chemistry of carbohydrates, devoting a special critical focus on both the mechanistic role of the catalysts employed and the differences evidenced so far with corresponding methods in solution.
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Hirayama J, Kobayashi H, Fukuoka A. Amorphization and Semi-Dry Conversion of Crystalline Cellulose to Oligosaccharides by Impregnated Phosphoric Acid. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirayama
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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12
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Abstract
Aqueous-phase acid-catalyzed reactions are essential for the conversion of cellulose-based biomass into chemicals. Brønsted acid and Lewis acid play important roles for these reactions, including hydrolysis of saccharides, isomerization and epimerization of aldoses, conversion of d-glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, cyclodehydration of sugar alcohols and conversion of trioses into lactic acid. A variety of metal oxide solid acids has been developed and applied for the conversion of sugars so far. The catalytic activity is mainly dependent on the structures and types of solid acids. Amorphous metal oxides possess coordinatively unsaturated metal sites that function as Lewis acid sites while some crystal metal oxides have strong Brønsted acid sites. This review introduces several types of metal oxide solid acids, such as layered metal oxides, metal oxide nanosheet aggregates, mesoporous metal oxides, amorphous metal oxides and supported metal oxides for sugar conversions.
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Scholz D, Xie J, Kröcher O, Vogel F. Mechanochemistry-assisted hydrolysis of softwood over stable sulfonated carbon catalysts in a semi-batch process. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33525-33538. [PMID: 35529150 PMCID: PMC9073368 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrolysis of lignocellulose is the first step in saccharide based bio-refining. The recovery of homogeneous acid catalysts imposes great challenges to the feasibility of conventional hydrolysis processes. Herein, we report a strategy to overcome these limitations by using stable sulfonated carbons as solid acid catalysts in a two-step process, composed of mechanocatalytic pretreatment and secondary hydrolysis in a semi-batch reactor. Without mechanocatalytic pre-treatment the hydrolysis of the insoluble substrate largely occurs through homogeneously catalyzed reactions. Ball-milling induced amorphization promotes a substantially higher substrate reactivity, because homogeneous hydrolysis occurs preferentially from less ordered structural domains in cellulose. In contrast, concerted ball-milling (CBM) of cellulose with the sulfonated carbon promotes a heterogeneously catalyzed hydrolysis to soluble oligosaccharides. By performing an in-depth physicochemical characterization of cellulose subjected to CBM treatment with different carbons, we reveal the crucial role of strong Brønsted acid sites in facilitating mechanocatalytic depolymerization. Recyclability experiments confirmed that despite being subject to profound structural changes during repeated pre-treatment/semi-batch hydrolysis cycles, the sulfonated carbon retained its catalytic activity. The combination of mechanocatalytic pretreatment with strong solid acids and hydrolysis in the semi-batch reactor was successfully extrapolated for the first time to the hydrolysis of real lignocellulose to achieve quantitative yields in C5 and high yields in C6 derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scholz
- Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Oliver Kröcher
- Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Vogel
- Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz 5210 Windisch Switzerland
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14
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Prasad RK, Chatterjee S, Mazumder PB, Gupta SK, Sharma S, Vairale MG, Datta S, Dwivedi SK, Gupta DK. Bioethanol production from waste lignocelluloses: A review on microbial degradation potential. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:588-606. [PMID: 31154237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous explosion of population has led to about 200% increment of total energy consumptions in last twenty-five years. Apart from conventional fossil fuel as limited energy source, alternative non-conventional sources are being explored worldwide to cater the energy requirement. Lignocellulosic biomass conversion for biofuel production is an important alternative energy source due to its abundance in nature and creating less harmful impacts on the environment in comparison to the coal or petroleum-based sources. However, lignocellulose biopolymer, the building block of plants, is a recalcitrant substance and difficult to break into desirable products. Commonly used chemical and physical methods for pretreating the substrate are having several limitations. Whereas, utilizing microbial potential to hydrolyse the biomass is an interesting area of research. Because of the complexity of substrate, several enzymes are required that can act synergistically to hydrolyse the biopolymer producing components like bioethanol or other energy substances. Exploring a range of microorganisms, like bacteria, fungi, yeast etc. that utilizes lignocelluloses for their energy through enzymatic breaking down the biomass, is one of the options. Scientists are working upon designing organisms through genetic engineering tools to integrate desired enzymes into a single organism (like bacterial cell). Studies on designer cellulosomes and bacteria consortia development relating consolidated bioprocessing are exciting to overcome the issue of appropriate lignocellulose digestions. This review encompasses up to date information on recent developments for effective microbial degradation processes of lignocelluloses for improved utilization to produce biofuel (bioethanol in particular) from the most plentiful substances of our planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Prasad
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India; Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | | | | | | | - Sonika Sharma
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | | | | | | | - Dharmendra Kumar Gupta
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), HerrenhäuserStr. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Hronec M, Fulajtárová K, Klempová T, Čertík M. Fractionation of Wheat Straw Catalyzed by Recyclable Terephthalic Acid. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Hronec
- Department of Organic TechnologyCatalysis and Petroleum ChemistryFaculty of Chemical and Food TechnologySlovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Katarína Fulajtárová
- Department of Organic TechnologyCatalysis and Petroleum ChemistryFaculty of Chemical and Food TechnologySlovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Klempová
- Institute of biotechnologyFaculty of Chemical and Food TechnologySlovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Milan Čertík
- Institute of biotechnologyFaculty of Chemical and Food TechnologySlovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
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