1
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Yang R, Cai Y, Qi Y, Tang Z, Zhu JJ, Li J, Zhu W, Chen Z. How local electric field regulates C-C coupling at a single nanocavity in electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7140. [PMID: 39164320 PMCID: PMC11336232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
C-C coupling is of utmost importance in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2, as it governs the selectivity of diverse product formation. Nevertheless, the difficulties to directly observe C-C coupling pathways at a specific nanocavity hinder the advances in catalysts and electrolyzer design for efficient high-value hydrocarbon production. Here we develop a nano-confined Raman technology to elucidate the influence of the local electric field on the evolution of C-C coupling intermediates. Through precise adjustments to the Debye length in nanocavities of a copper catalyst, the overlapping of electrical double layers drives a transition in the C-C coupling pathway at a specific nanocavity from *CHO-*CO coupling to the direct dimerization of *CO species. Experimental evidence and simulations validate that a reduced potential drop across the compact layer promotes a higher yield of CO and promotes the direct dimerization of *CO species. Our findings provide insights for the development of highly selective catalyst materials tailored to promote specific products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanming Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongbing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhuodong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenlei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zixuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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2
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Yang F, Jiang S, Liu S, Beyer P, Mebs S, Haumann M, Roth C, Dau H. Dynamics of bulk and surface oxide evolution in copper foams for electrochemical CO 2 reduction. Commun Chem 2024; 7:66. [PMID: 38548895 PMCID: PMC10978924 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) materials exhibit extraordinary catalytic activities in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which likely relates to non-metallic material constituents formed in transitions between the oxidized and the reduced material. In time-resolved operando experiment, we track the structural dynamics of copper oxide reduction and its re-formation separately in the bulk of the catalyst material and at its surface using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Surface-species transformations progress within seconds whereas the subsurface (bulk) processes unfold within minutes. Evidence is presented that electroreduction of OD-Cu foams results in kinetic trapping of subsurface (bulk) oxide species, especially for cycling between strongly oxidizing and reducing potentials. Specific reduction-oxidation protocols may optimize formation of bulk-oxide species and thereby catalytic properties. Together with the Raman-detected surface-adsorbed *OH and C-containing species, the oxide species could collectively facilitate *CO adsorption, resulting an enhanced selectivity towards valuable C2+ products during CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Paul Beyer
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
| | - Michael Haumann
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Christina Roth
- Electrochemical Process Engineering, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
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3
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Yusufoğlu M, Tafazoli S, Jahangiri H, Yağcı MB, Balkan T, Kaya S. ALD-Engineered Cu xO Overlayers Transform ZnO Nanorods for Selective Production of CO in Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7288-7296. [PMID: 38316646 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) holds tremendous promise as a strategy for lowering atmospheric CO2 levels and creating new clean energy sources. The conversion of CO2RR to CO, in particular, has garnered significant scientific interest due to its industrial feasibility. Within this context, the CuZn-based electrocatalyst presents an attractive alternative to conventional CO-selective electrocatalysts, which are often costly and scarce. Nevertheless, the wide-range utilization of CuZn electrocatalysts requires a more comprehensive understanding of their performance and characteristics. In this study, we synthesized ZnO nanorods through electrodeposition and subsequently coated them with CuxO overlayers prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). CuxO significantly enhanced CO selectivity, and 88% CO selectivity at a relatively low potential of -0.8 V was obtained on an optimized CuxO overlayer thickness (CuxO-250/ZnO). The addition of CuxO on ZnO was found to dramatically increase the electrochemical surface area (ESCA), lower the charge-transfer resistance (Rct), and introduce new active sites in the ε-CuZn4 phase. Furthermore, electrochemical Raman spectroscopy results showed that the CuxO-250/ALD electrode developed a ZnO layer on the surface during the CO2RR, while the bare ZnO electrode showed no evidence of ZnO during the reaction. These results suggest that the addition of CuxO by ALD played a crucial role in stabilizing ZnO on the surface. The initial amount of CuxO was shown to further affect the redeposition of the ZnO layer and hence affect the final composition of the surface. We attribute the improvement in CO selectivity to the introduction of both ε-CuZn4 and ZnO that developed during the CO2RR. Overall, our study provides new insights into the dynamic behavior and surface composition of CuZn electrocatalysts during CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yusufoğlu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University Tüpraş Energy Center (KUTEM), 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Saeede Tafazoli
- Materials Science and Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University Tüpraş Energy Center (KUTEM), 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hadi Jahangiri
- Koç University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - M Barış Yağcı
- Koç University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Timuçin Balkan
- Koç University Tüpraş Energy Center (KUTEM), 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Chemistry, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sarp Kaya
- Koç University Tüpraş Energy Center (KUTEM), 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Chemistry, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
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4
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Gong Y, He T. Gaining Deep Understanding of Electrochemical CO 2 RR with In Situ/Operando Techniques. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300702. [PMID: 37608449 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis for CO2 conversion has been extensively studied to mitigate the energy shortage and environmental issues, which are gaining ever-increasing attention. However, the complicated CO2 reduction process and the dynamic evolution occurring on electrocatalyst surface make it hard to understand the catalytic mechanism. The development of advanced in situ/operando techniques intelligently coupled with electrochemical cells sheds light on the related study via capturing surface atomic rearrangement, tracing chemical state change of catalysts, monitoring the behavior of intermediates and products, and depicting microenvironment near the electrode surface. In this review, fundamentals of the state-of-the-art in situ/operando techniques are clarified first. Case studies on the in situ/operando techniques performed to probe the CO2 reduction reaction processes are then discussed in detail. Finally, conclusions and outlook on this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gong
- CAS Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao He
- CAS Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Akbari N, Nandy S, Chae KH, Najafpour MM. Unveiling the Oxygen Evolution Mechanism with FeNi (Hydr)oxide under Neutral Conditions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15766-15776. [PMID: 37700523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale solar-driven water splitting is a way to store energy, but it requires the development of practical and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. The present paper aims to investigate the mechanism of the OER, local pH, high-valent metal ions, limitations, conversions, and details during the OER in the presence of FeNi foam using in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This research also explores the use of in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for detecting species on foam surfaces during the OER. The acidic media around the electrode not only limit the process but also affect the phosphate ion protonation and overall catalysis effectiveness. The study proposes that FeNi hydroxides serve as true catalysts for OER under neutral conditions, rather than FeNi phosphates. However, phosphate species remain crucial for proton transfer and water molecule adsorption. Changes observed in pH at the open-circuit potential suggest new insights concerning the coordination of Ni(II) to phosphate ions under certain conditions. By extrapolating the Tafel plot, the overpotential for the onset of OER was determined to be 470 mV. Furthermore, the overpotentials for current densities of 1 and 5 mA/cm2 were 590 and 790 mV, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights into the advancement of the OER catalysts and our understanding of the underlying mechanism for efficient water splitting; both are crucial elements for the purpose of energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Subhajit Nandy
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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6
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An H, de Ruiter J, Wu L, Yang S, Meirer F, van der Stam W, Weckhuysen BM. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Local Heterogeneities during Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. JACS AU 2023; 3:1890-1901. [PMID: 37502158 PMCID: PMC10369669 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The activity and selectivity of a copper electrocatalyst during the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) are largely dominated by the interplay between local reaction environment, the catalyst surface, and the adsorbed intermediates. In situ characterization studies have revealed many aspects of this intimate relationship between surface reactivity and adsorbed species, but these investigations are often limited by the spatial and temporal resolution of the analytical technique of choice. Here, Raman spectroscopy with both space and time resolution was used to reveal the distribution of adsorbed species and potential reaction intermediates on a copper electrode during eCO2RR. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the in situ Raman spectra revealed that a working electrocatalyst exhibits spatial heterogeneities in adsorbed species, and that the electrode surface can be divided into CO-dominant (mainly located at dendrite structures) and C-C dominant regions (mainly located at the roughened electrode surface). Our spectral evaluation further showed that in the CO-dominant regions, linear CO was observed (as characterized by a band at ∼2090 cm-1), accompanied by the more classical Cu-CO bending and stretching vibrations located at ∼280 and ∼360 cm-1, respectively. In contrast, in the C-C directing region, these three Raman bands are suppressed, while at the same time a band at ∼495 cm-1 and a broad Cu-CO band at ∼2050 cm-1 dominate the Raman spectra. Furthermore, PCA revealed that anodization creates more C-C dominant regions, and labeling experiments confirmed that the 495 cm-1 band originates from the presence of a Cu-C intermediate. These results indicate that a copper electrode at work is very dynamic, thereby clearly displaying spatiotemporal heterogeneities, and that in situ micro-spectroscopic techniques are crucial for understanding the eCO2RR mechanism of working electrocatalyst materials.
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7
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Gnilitskyi I, Bellucci S, Marrani AG, Shepida M, Mazur A, Zozulya G, Kordan V, Babizhetskyy V, Sahraoui B, Kuntyi O. Femtosecond laser-induced nano- and microstructuring of Cu electrodes for CO 2 electroreduction in acetonitrile medium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8837. [PMID: 37258634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The dependency of CO2 reduction rate in acetonitrile-Bu4NClO4 solution on cathodes, which were modified by laser induction of a copper surface, was studied. The topography of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) → grooves → spikes was successively formed by a certain number of pulses. It was proved that for a higher number of laser pulses, the surface area of the copper cathode increases and preferred platy orientation of the copper surface on [022] crystallografic direction and larger fluence values increase. At the same time, the content of copper (I) oxide on the surface of the copper cathode increases. Also, the tendency to larger fluency values is observed. It promotes the increase of cathodic current density for CO2 reduction, which reaches values of 14 mA cm-2 for samples with spikes surface structures at E = - 3.0 V upon a stable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iaroslav Gnilitskyi
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine.
- "NoviNano Lab" LLC, 5 Pasternaka, Lviv, 79000, Ukraine.
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044, Frascati, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomo Marrani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", p.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariana Shepida
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
| | - Artur Mazur
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Zozulya
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kordan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 6 Kyryla i Mefodiya Str., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Babizhetskyy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 6 Kyryla i Mefodiya Str., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Bouchta Sahraoui
- University of Angers, Photonics Laboratory of Angers LPhiA, SFR MATRIX, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Orest Kuntyi
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandery Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
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8
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Multi-scale morphology characterization of hierarchically porous silver foam electrodes for electrochemical CO 2 reduction. Commun Chem 2023; 6:50. [PMID: 36928610 PMCID: PMC10020469 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ag catalysts show high selectivities in the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide during the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Indeed, highly catalytically active porous electrodes with increased surface area achieve faradaic conversion efficiencies close to 100%. To establish reliable structure-property relationships, the results of qualitative structural analysis need to be complemented by a more quantitative approach to assess the overall picture. In this paper, we present a combination of suitable methods to characterize foam electrodes, which were synthesised by the Dynamic Hydrogen Bubble Templation (DHBT) approach to be used for the CO2RR. Physicochemical and microscopic techniques in conjunction with electrochemical analyses provide insight into the structure of the carefully tailored electrodes. By elucidating the morphology, we were able to link the electrochemical deposition at higher current densities to a more homogenous and dense structure and hence, achieve a better performance in the conversion of CO2 to valuable products.
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9
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Tang H, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Qian Y, Qiu Z, Chen A, Lin BL. Rationally designed hierarchical carbon supported CuO nano-sheets for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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El-Nagar GA, Yang F, Stojkovikj S, Mebs S, Gupta S, Ahmet IY, Dau H, Mayer MT. Comparative Spectroscopic Study Revealing Why the CO 2 Electroreduction Selectivity Switches from CO to HCOO - at Cu-Sn- and Cu-In-Based Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022; 12:15576-15589. [PMID: 36590316 PMCID: PMC9793466 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To address the challenge of selectivity toward single products in Cu-catalyzed electrochemical CO2 reduction, one strategy is to incorporate a second metal with the goal of tuning catalytic activity via synergy effects. In particular, catalysts based on Cu modified with post-transition metals (Sn or In) are known to reduce CO2 selectively to either CO or HCOO- depending on their composition. However, it remains unclear exactly which factors induce this switch in reaction pathways and whether these two related bimetal combinations follow similar general structure-activity trends. To investigate these questions systematically, Cu-In and Cu-Sn bimetallic catalysts were synthesized across a range of composition ratios and studied in detail. Compositional and morphological control was achieved via a simple electrochemical synthesis approach. A combination of operando and quasi-in situ spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray photoelectron, X-ray absorption, and Raman spectroscopy, was used to observe the dynamic behaviors of the catalysts' surface structure, composition, speciation, and local environment during CO2 electrolysis. The two systems exhibited similar selectivity dependency on their surface composition. Cu-rich catalysts produce mainly CO, while Cu-poor catalysts were found to mainly produce HCOO-. Despite these similarities, the speciation of Sn and In at the surface differed from each other and was found to be strongly dependent on the applied potential and the catalyst composition. For Cu-rich compositions optimized for CO production (Cu85In15 and Cu85Sn15), indium was present predominantly in the reduced metallic form (In0), whereas tin mainly existed as an oxidized species (Sn2/4+). Meanwhile, for the HCOO--selective compositions (Cu25In75 and Cu40Sn60), the indium exclusively exhibited In0 regardless of the applied potential, while the tin was reduced to metallic (Sn0) only at the most negative applied potential, which corresponds to the best HCOO- selectivity. Furthermore, while Cu40Sn60 enhances HCOO- selectivity by inhibiting H2 evolution, Cu25In75 improves the HCOO- selectivity at the expense of CO production. Due to these differences, we contend that identical mechanisms cannot be used to explain the behavior of these two bimetallic systems (Cu-In and Cu-Sn). Operando surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements provide direct evidence of the local alkalization and its impact on the dynamic transformation of oxidized Cu surface species (Cu2O/CuO) into a mixture of Cu(OH)2 and basic Cu carbonates [Cux(OH)y(CO3)y] rather than metallic Cu under CO2 electrolysis. This study provides unique insights into the origin of the switch in selectivity between CO and HCOO- pathways at Cu bimetallic catalysts and the nature of surface-active sites and key intermediates for both pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gumaa A. El-Nagar
- Young
Investigator Group Electrochemical Conversion of CO2, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany,Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo
University, Giza 12613, Egypt,
| | - Fan Yang
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Sasho Stojkovikj
- Young
Investigator Group Electrochemical Conversion of CO2, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany,Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Siddharth Gupta
- Young
Investigator Group Electrochemical Conversion of CO2, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany,Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Ibbi Y. Ahmet
- Institute
for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Matthew T. Mayer
- Young
Investigator Group Electrochemical Conversion of CO2, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin 14109, Germany,Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin D-14195, Germany,
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11
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Ye C, Raaijman SJ, Chen X, Koper MTM. Enhanced Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction to Formate on Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-Modified Copper and Gold Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45263-45271. [PMID: 36166505 PMCID: PMC9562278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing active and selective catalysts that convert CO2 into valuable products remains a critical challenge for further application of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Catalytic tuning with organic additives/films has emerged as a promising strategy to tune CO2RR activity and selectivity. Herein, we report a facile method to significantly change CO2RR selectivity and activity of copper and gold electrodes. We found improved selectivity toward HCOOH at low overpotentials on both polycrystalline Cu and Au electrodes after chemical modification with a poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) layer. In situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy and contact angle measurements indicate that the hydrophobic nature of the P4VP layer limits mass transport of HCO3- and H2O, whereas it has little influence on CO2 mass transport. Moreover, the early onset of HCOOH formation and the enhanced formation of HCOOH over CO suggest that P4VP modification promotes a surface hydride mechanism for HCOOH formation on both electrodes.
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12
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de Ruiter J, An H, Wu L, Gijsberg Z, Yang S, Hartman T, Weckhuysen BM, van der Stam W. Probing the Dynamics of Low-Overpotential CO 2-to-CO Activation on Copper Electrodes with Time-Resolved Raman Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15047-15058. [PMID: 35951390 PMCID: PMC9413204 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Oxide-derived copper electrodes have displayed a boost
in activity
and selectivity toward valuable base chemicals in the electrochemical
carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), but the exact interplay
between the dynamic restructuring of copper oxide electrodes and their
activity and selectivity is not fully understood. In this work, we
have utilized time-resolved surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TR-SERS)
to study the dynamic restructuring of the copper (oxide) electrode
surface and the adsorption of reaction intermediates during cyclic
voltammetry (CV) and pulsed electrolysis (PE). By coupling the electrochemical
data to the spectral features in TR-SERS, we study the dynamic activation
of and reactions on the electrode surface and find that CO2 is already activated to carbon monoxide (CO) during PE (10% Faradaic
efficiency, 1% under static applied potential) at low overpotentials
(−0.35 VRHE). PE at varying cathodic bias on different
timescales revealed that stochastic CO is dominant directly after
the cathodic bias onset, whereas no CO intermediates were observed
after prolonged application of low overpotentials. An increase in
cathodic bias (−0.55 VRHE) resulted in the formation
of static adsorbed CO intermediates, while the overall contribution
of stochastic CO decreased. We attribute the low-overpotential CO2-to-CO activation to a combination of selective Cu(111) facet
exposure, partially oxidized surfaces during PE, and the formation
of copper-carbonate-hydroxide complex intermediates during the anodic
pulses. This work sheds light on the restructuring of oxide-derived
copper electrodes and low-overpotential CO formation and highlights
the power of the combination of electrochemistry and time-resolved
vibrational spectroscopy to elucidate CO2RR mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim de Ruiter
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hongyu An
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Longfei Wu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zamorano Gijsberg
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shuang Yang
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hartman
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ward van der Stam
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Louisia S, Kim D, Li Y, Gao M, Yu S, Roh I, Yang P. The presence and role of the intermediary CO reservoir in heterogeneous electroreduction of CO 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201922119. [PMID: 35486696 PMCID: PMC9171356 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201922119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceThe electroconversion of CO2 to value-added products is a promising path to sustainable fuels and chemicals. However, the microenvironment that is created during CO2 electroreduction near the surface of heterogeneous Cu electrocatalysts remains unknown. Its understanding can lead to the development of ways to improve activity and selectivity toward multicarbon products. This work introduces a method called on-stream substitution of reactant isotope that provides quantitative information of the CO intermediate species present on Cu surfaces during electrolysis. An intermediary CO reservoir that contains more CO molecules than typically expected in a surface adsorbed configuration was identified. Its size was shown to be a factor closely associated with the formation of multicarbon products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Louisia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Dohyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mengyu Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sunmoon Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Inwhan Roh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720
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14
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Jiang Y, Wang X, Duan D, He C, Ma J, Zhang W, Liu H, Long R, Li Z, Kong T, Loh XJ, Song L, Ye E, Xiong Y. Structural Reconstruction of Cu 2 O Superparticles toward Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction with High C 2+ Products Selectivity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105292. [PMID: 35363431 PMCID: PMC9165515 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structural reconstruction is a process commonly observed for Cu-based catalysts in electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Cu-based precatalysts with structural complexity often undergo sophisticated structural reconstruction processes, which may offer opportunities for enhancing the electrosynthesis of multicarbon products (C2+ products) but remain largely uncertain due to various new structural features possibly arising during the processes. In this work, the Cu2 O superparticles with an assembly structure are demonstrated to undergo complicated structure evolution under electrochemical reduction condition, enabling highly selective CO2 -to-C2+ products conversion in electrocatalysis. As revealed by electron microscopic characterization together with in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, the building blocks inside the superparticle fuse to generate numerous grain boundaries while those in the outer shell detach to form nanogap structures that can efficiently confine OH- to induce high local pH. Such a combination of unique structural features with local reaction environment offers two important factors for facilitating C-C coupling. Consequently, the Cu2 O superparticle-derived catalyst achieves high faradaic efficiencies of 53.2% for C2 H4 and 74.2% for C2+ products, surpassing the performance of geometrically simpler Cu2 O cube-derived catalyst and most reported Cu electrocatalysts under comparable conditions. This work provides insights for rationally designing highly selective CO2 reduction electrocatalysts by controlling structural reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleFrontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging TechnologiesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleFrontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging TechnologiesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Delong Duan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleFrontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging TechnologiesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Chaohua He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleFrontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging TechnologiesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleFrontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging TechnologiesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleFrontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging TechnologiesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Hengjie Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleFrontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging TechnologiesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Ran Long
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleFrontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging TechnologiesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
| | - Tingting Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
| | - Li Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleFrontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging TechnologiesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleFrontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging TechnologiesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNational Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
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15
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Jiang S, D'Amario L, Dau H. Copper Carbonate Hydroxide as Precursor of Interfacial CO in CO 2 Electroreduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102506. [PMID: 35289108 PMCID: PMC9314821 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper electrodes are especially effective in catalysis of C2 and further multi-carbon products in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) and therefore of major technological interest. The reasons for the unparalleled Cu performance in CO2 RR are insufficiently understood. Here, the electrode-electrolyte interface was highlighted as a dynamic physical-chemical system and determinant of catalytic events. Exploiting the intrinsic surface-enhanced Raman effect of previously characterized Cu foam electrodes, operando Raman experiments were used to interrogate structures and molecular interactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface at subcatalytic and catalytic potentials. Formation of a copper carbonate hydroxide (CuCarHyd) was detected, which resembles the mineral malachite. Its carbonate ions could be directly converted to CO at low overpotential. These and further experiments suggested a basic mode of CO2 /carbonate reduction at Cu electrodes interfaces that contrasted previous mechanistic models: the starting point in carbon reduction was not CO2 but carbonate ions bound to the metallic Cu electrode in form of CuCarHyd structures. It was hypothesized that Cu oxides residues could enhance CO2 RR indirectly by supporting formation of CuCarHyd motifs. The presence of CuCarHyd patches at catalytic potentials might result from alkalization in conjunction with local electrical potential gradients, enabling the formation of metastable CuCarHyd motifs over a large range of potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of PhysicsFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Luca D'Amario
- Department of PhysicsFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of PhysicsFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
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16
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Electrochemical synthesis of catalytic materials for energy catalysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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18
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Cao X, Tan D, Wulan B, Hui KS, Hui KN, Zhang J. In Situ Characterization for Boosting Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100700. [PMID: 34927933 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into organic fuels and feedstocks is a fascinating method to implement the sustainable carbon cycle. Thus, a rational design of advanced electrocatalysts and a deep understanding of reaction mechanisms are crucial for the complex reactions of carbon dioxide reduction with multiple electron transfer. In situ and operando techniques with real-time monitoring are important to obtain deep insight into the electrocatalytic reaction to reveal the dynamic evolution of electrocatalysts' structure and composition under experimental conditions. In this paper, the reaction pathways for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) in the generation of various products (e.g., C1 and C2 ) via the proposed mechanisms are introduced. Moreover, recent advances in the development and applications of in situ and operando characterization techniques, from the basic working principles and in situ cell structure to detailed applications are discussed. Suggestions and future directions of in situ/operando analysis are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Cao
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongxing Tan
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Bari Wulan
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - K S Hui
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - K N Hui
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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19
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Li C, Xiong H, He M, Xu B, Lu Q. Oxyhydroxide Species Enhances CO 2 Electroreduction to CO on Ag via Coelectrolysis with O 2. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haocheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Abstract
The utilization of carbon dioxide is a major incentive for the growing field of carbon capture. Carbon dioxide could be an abundant building block to generate higher-value chemical products. Herein, we fabricated a porous copper electrode capable of catalyzing the reduction of carbon dioxide into higher-value products, such as ethylene, ethanol and propanol. We investigated the formation of the foams under different conditions, not only analyzing their morphological and crystal structure, but also documenting their performance as a catalyst. In particular, we studied the response of the foams to CO2 electrolysis, including the effect of urea as a potential additive to enhance CO2 catalysis. Before electrolysis, the pristine and urea-modified foam copper electrodes consisted of a mixture of cuboctahedra and dendrites. After 35 min of electrolysis, the cuboctahedra and dendrites underwent structural rearrangement affecting catalysis performance. We found that alterations in the morphology, crystallinity and surface composition of the catalyst were conducive to the deactivation of the copper foams.
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21
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Moradzaman M, Mul G. In Situ Raman Study of Potential‐Dependent Surface Adsorbed Carbonate, CO, OH, and C Species on Cu Electrodes During Electrochemical Reduction of CO
2. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Moradzaman
- Photocatalytic Synthesis Group Faculty of Science & Technology of the University of Twente PO Box 217 Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Guido Mul
- Photocatalytic Synthesis Group Faculty of Science & Technology of the University of Twente PO Box 217 Enschede The Netherlands
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22
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Wang X, Klingan K, Klingenhof M, Möller T, Ferreira de Araújo J, Martens I, Bagger A, Jiang S, Rossmeisl J, Dau H, Strasser P. Morphology and mechanism of highly selective Cu(II) oxide nanosheet catalysts for carbon dioxide electroreduction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:794. [PMID: 33542208 PMCID: PMC7862240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu oxides catalyze the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to hydrocarbons and oxygenates with favorable selectivity. Among them, the shape-controlled Cu oxide cubes have been most widely studied. In contrast, we report on novel 2-dimensional (2D) Cu(II) oxide nanosheet (CuO NS) catalysts with high C2+ products, selectivities (> 400 mA cm-2) in gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) at industrially relevant currents and neutral pH. Under applied bias, the (001)-orientated CuO NS slowly evolve into highly branched, metallic Cu0 dendrites that appear as a general dominant morphology under electrolyte flow conditions, as attested by operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and in situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Millisecond-resolved differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) track a previously unavailable set of product onset potentials. While the close mechanistic relation between CO and C2H4 was thereby confirmed, the DEMS data help uncover an unexpected mechanistic link between CH4 and ethanol. We demonstrate evidence that adsorbed methyl species, *CH3, serve as common intermediates of both CH3H and CH3CH2OH and possibly of other CH3-R products via a previously overlooked pathway at (110) steps adjacent to (100) terraces at larger overpotentials. Our mechanistic conclusions challenge and refine our current mechanistic understanding of the CO2 electrolysis on Cu catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. June 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Klingan
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Klingenhof
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. June 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Möller
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. June 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Ferreira de Araújo
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. June 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isaac Martens
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. June 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Timoshenko J, Roldan Cuenya B. In Situ/ Operando Electrocatalyst Characterization by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:882-961. [PMID: 32986414 PMCID: PMC7844833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has become an indispensable method for probing the structure and composition of heterogeneous catalysts, revealing the nature of the active sites and establishing links between structural motifs in a catalyst, local electronic structure, and catalytic properties. Here we discuss the fundamental principles of the XAS method and describe the progress in the instrumentation and data analysis approaches undertaken for deciphering X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. Recent usages of XAS in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, with emphasis on examples concerning electrocatalysis, will be presented. The latter is a rapidly developing field with immense industrial applications but also unique challenges in terms of the experimental characterization restrictions and advanced modeling approaches required. This review will highlight the new insight that can be gained with XAS on complex real-world electrocatalysts including their working mechanisms and the dynamic processes taking place in the course of a chemical reaction. More specifically, we will discuss applications of in situ and operando XAS to probe the catalyst's interactions with the environment (support, electrolyte, ligands, adsorbates, reaction products, and intermediates) and its structural, chemical, and electronic transformations as it adapts to the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Timoshenko
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Wang G, Chen J, Ding Y, Cai P, Yi L, Li Y, Tu C, Hou Y, Wen Z, Dai L. Electrocatalysis for CO2 conversion: from fundamentals to value-added products. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4993-5061. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This timely and comprehensive review mainly summarizes advances in heterogeneous electroreduction of CO2: from fundamentals to value-added products.
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25
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Yan Z, Wang X, Tan Y, Liu A, Luo F, Zhang M, Zeng L, Zhang Y. The in situ growth of Cu 2O with a honeycomb structure on a roughed graphite paper for the efficient electroreduction of CO 2 to C 2H 4. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A Cu2O/NGP self-supporting electrocatalyst is used for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene to solve environmental and energy problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoyu Yan
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fenqiang Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Miaorong Zhang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingxing Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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26
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Malkani AS, Anibal J, Chang X, Xu B. Bridging the Gap in the Mechanistic Understanding of Electrocatalysis via In Situ Characterizations. iScience 2020; 23:101776. [PMID: 33294785 PMCID: PMC7689167 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalysis offers a promising strategy to take advantage of the increasingly available and affordable renewable energy for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Attaining this promise requires a molecular level insight of the electrical interface that can be used to tailor the selectivity of electrocatalysts. Addressing this selectivity challenge remains one of the most important areas in modern electrocatalytic research. In this Perspective, we focus on the use of in situ techniques to bridge the gap in the fundamental understanding of electrocatalytic processes. We begin with a brief discussion of traditional electrochemical techniques, ex situ measurements and in silico analysis. Subsequently, we discuss the utility and limitations of in situ methodologies, with a focus on vibrational spectroscopies. We then end by looking ahead toward promising new areas for the application of in situ techniques and improvements to current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav S. Malkani
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jacob Anibal
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Chang
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Iijima G, Yamaguchi H, Inomata T, Yoto H, Ito M, Masuda H. Methanethiol SAMs Induce Reconstruction and Formation of Cu+ on a Cu Catalyst under Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Go Iijima
- Advanced Research and Innovation Center, DENSO CORPORATION, 500-1 Minamiyama, Komenoki-cho, Nisshin 470-0111, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamaguchi
- Advanced Research and Innovation Center, DENSO CORPORATION, 500-1 Minamiyama, Komenoki-cho, Nisshin 470-0111, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Inomata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yoto
- Advanced Research and Innovation Center, DENSO CORPORATION, 500-1 Minamiyama, Komenoki-cho, Nisshin 470-0111, Japan
| | - Miho Ito
- Advanced Research and Innovation Center, DENSO CORPORATION, 500-1 Minamiyama, Komenoki-cho, Nisshin 470-0111, Japan
| | - Hideki Masuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa,
Yakusa-cho, Toyota 470-0392, Japan
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28
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Yang X, Chen Y, Qin L, Wu X, Wu Y, Yan T, Geng Z, Zeng J. Boost Selectivity of HCOO - Using Anchored Bi Single Atoms towards CO 2 Reduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6307-6311. [PMID: 32755063 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single atoms have been widely applied as efficient catalysts in various catalytic systems due to its high selectivity for certain products, which is induced by a uniform coordinate environment of active sites. Herein, it is demonstrated that Bi single atoms anchored on carbon black (Bi SAs/C) can serve as an efficient catalyst for CO2 electroreduction into formate (HCOO- ). During CO2 electroreduction, Bi SAs/C achieved a faradaic efficiency for HCOO- of 83.6 % at-1.1 Vversus reversible hydrogen electrode (V vs. RHE). Notably, the selectivity for HCOO- of Bi SAs/C was always higher than 95 % at all applied potentials. In addition, at-1.2 Vvs.RHE, the current density for HCOO- formation in thepresence of Bi SAs/C reached-12.0 mA cm-2 , which was 3.4 times as high as that (-3.5 mA cm-2 ) of BiOx clusters on carbon black (BiOx /C). Mechanistic studies revealed that Bi SAs/C facilitated the faradaic process and accelerated reaction kinetics in comparison with BiOx /C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lang Qin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Geng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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29
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Chang X, Zhao Y, Xu B. pH Dependence of Cu Surface Speciation in the Electrochemical CO Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Chang
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yaran Zhao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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30
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Han X, Thoi VS. Non-Innocent Role of Porous Carbon Toward Enhancing C 2-3 Products in the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45929-45935. [PMID: 32931247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selectivity for C-C coupled products remains a major challenge for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Herein, we report a facile method by modifying a Cu foil surface with a layer of porous carbon. The structure of carbon has a major influence on C1 and C2,3 product selectivity. A carbon aerogel modifier leads to higher C2,3 product formation than that of a carbon black modifier, demonstrating the non-innocent role of carbon materials. In both cases, major surface reconstruction on the Cu foil-such as pitting and particle formation-is observed during electrocatalysis. In addition, the restructured Cu surface shows distinctly lower activity toward CO2 reduction when the carbon modifier is removed. This is likely due to the fact that the carbon modifiers influence the product distribution by (i) modulating the local pH and CO2 concentration by serving as a highly porous and hydrophobic barrier, and (ii) restructuring the metal surface that generates more active sites. Our findings illustrate that the carbon in carbon-based catalysts can have an disproportionate role in directing product formation in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - V Sara Thoi
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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31
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Zhang G, Straub S, Shen L, Hermans Y, Schmatz P, Reichert AM, Hofmann JP, Katsounaros I, Etzold BJM. Probing CO 2 Reduction Pathways for Copper Catalysis Using an Ionic Liquid as a Chemical Trapping Agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18095-18102. [PMID: 32697377 PMCID: PMC7589334 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The key to fully leveraging the potential of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to achieve a sustainable solar-power-based economy is the development of high-performance electrocatalysts. The development process relies heavily on trial and error methods due to poor mechanistic understanding of the reaction. Demonstrated here is that ionic liquids (ILs) can be employed as a chemical trapping agent to probe CO2RR mechanistic pathways. This method is implemented by introducing a small amount of an IL ([BMIm][NTf2 ]) to a copper foam catalyst, on which a wide range of CO2RR products, including formate, CO, alcohols, and hydrocarbons, can be produced. The IL can selectively suppress the formation of ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol while having little impact on others. Thus, reaction networks leading to various products can be disentangled. The results shed new light on the mechanistic understanding of the CO2RR, and provide guidelines for modulating the CO2RR properties. Chemical trapping using an IL adds to the toolbox to deduce the mechanistic understanding of electrocatalysis and could be applied to other reactions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui‐Rong Zhang
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 864287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Sascha‐Dominic Straub
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 864287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Liu‐Liu Shen
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 864287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Yannick Hermans
- Surface Science LaboratoryDepartment of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnical University of DarmstadtOtto-Berndt-Str. 364287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Patrick Schmatz
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 864287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Andreas M. Reichert
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Surface Science LaboratoryDepartment of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnical University of DarmstadtOtto-Berndt-Str. 364287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Bastian J. M. Etzold
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 864287DarmstadtGermany
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32
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Zhang G, Straub S, Shen L, Hermans Y, Schmatz P, Reichert AM, Hofmann JP, Katsounaros I, Etzold BJM. Probing CO
2
Reduction Pathways for Copper Catalysis Using an Ionic Liquid as a Chemical Trapping Agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui‐Rong Zhang
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sascha‐Dominic Straub
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Liu‐Liu Shen
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Yannick Hermans
- Surface Science Laboratory Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Patrick Schmatz
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Andreas M. Reichert
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Surface Science Laboratory Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Bastian J. M. Etzold
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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33
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Hui S(R, Shaigan N, Neburchilov V, Zhang L, Malek K, Eikerling M, Luna PD. Three-Dimensional Cathodes for Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2: From Macro- to Nano-Engineering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1884. [PMID: 32962288 PMCID: PMC7558977 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions and their climate warming effects have triggered a global response in research and development to reduce the emissions of this harmful greenhouse gas. The use of CO2 as a feedstock for the production of value-added fuels and chemicals is a promising pathway for development of renewable energy storage and reduction of carbon emissions. Electrochemical CO2 conversion offers a promising route for value-added products. Considerable challenges still remain, limiting this technology for industrial deployment. This work reviews the latest developments in experimental and modeling studies of three-dimensional cathodes towards high-performance electrochemical reduction of CO2. The fabrication-microstructure-performance relationships of electrodes are examined from the macro- to nanoscale. Furthermore, future challenges, perspectives and recommendations for high-performance cathodes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang (Rob) Hui
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Nima Shaigan
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Vladimir Neburchilov
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Kourosh Malek
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Michael Eikerling
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Modelling and Simulation of Energy Materials, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Phil De Luna
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada; (N.S.); (V.N.); (L.Z.); (K.M.); (P.D.L.)
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34
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Kimura KW, Casebolt R, Cimada DaSilva J, Kauffman E, Kim J, Dunbar TA, Pollock CJ, Suntivich J, Hanrath T. Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction during Pulsed Potential Stems from Dynamic Interface. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Kimura
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rileigh Casebolt
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jessica Cimada DaSilva
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Elyse Kauffman
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Material Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tyler A. Dunbar
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher J. Pollock
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jin Suntivich
- Material Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tobias Hanrath
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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35
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Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising approach to store renewable energy while closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle. Despite significant advances in developing new electrocatalysts, this system still lacks enough energy conversion efficiency to become a viable technology for industrial applications. To develop an active and selective electrocatalyst and engineer the reaction environment to achieve high energy conversion efficiency, we need to improve our knowledge of the reaction mechanism and material structure under reaction conditions. In situ spectroscopies are among the most powerful tools which enable measurements of the system under real conditions. These methods provide information about reaction intermediates and possible reaction pathways, electrocatalyst structure and active sites, as well as the effect of the reaction environment on products distribution. This review aims to highlight the utilization of in situ spectroscopic methods that enhance our understanding of the CO2 reduction reaction. Infrared, Raman, X-ray absorption, X-ray photoelectron, and mass spectroscopies are discussed here. The critical challenges associated with current state-of-the-art systems are identified and insights on emerging prospects are discussed.
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36
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Wu M, Zhu C, Wang K, Li G, Dong X, Song Y, Xue J, Chen W, Wei W, Sun Y. Promotion of CO 2 Electrochemical Reduction via Cu Nanodendrites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11562-11569. [PMID: 32073815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to fuels and chemicals is an opportunity for sustainable energy research that can realize both renewable energy storage and negative carbon cycle feedback. However, the selective generation of multicarbon products is challenging because of the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and protonation of the reacting adsorbate. Copper-based materials have been the most commonly studied catalysts for CO2 electroreduction due to their ability to produce a substantial amount of C2 products. Here, we report that a nanodendrite configuration can improve the electrocatalytic performance of Cu catalysts, especially multicarbon product formation, while suppressing HER and methane production. The abundant conductive networks derived from the fractal copper dendritic structures with a high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) facilitate electron transport and mass transfer, leading to superior kinetics for the formation of multicarbon products from CO2 electroreduction. As a result, approximately 70-120% higher ethylene and 60-220% higher C3 (n-PrOH and propanal) yields with lower onset potentials were produced over Cu nanodendrites compared to the initial Cu particles. This work opens an avenue for promoting CO2 electrochemical reduction to multicarbon products by catalyst configuration modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kang Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guihua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanfang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiamin Xue
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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37
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Kas R, Yang K, Bohra D, Kortlever R, Burdyny T, Smith WA. Electrochemical CO 2 reduction on nanostructured metal electrodes: fact or defect? Chem Sci 2020; 11:1738-1749. [PMID: 34123269 PMCID: PMC8150108 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction has received an increased amount of interest in the last decade as a promising avenue for storing renewable electricity in chemical bonds. Despite considerable progress on catalyst performance using nanostructured electrodes, the sensitivity of the reaction to process conditions has led to debate on the origin of the activity and high selectivity. Additionally, this raises questions on the transferability of the performance and knowledge to other electrochemical systems. At its core, the discrepancy is primarily a result of the highly porous nature of nanostructured electrodes, which are vulnerable to both mass transport effects and structural changes during the electrolysis. Both effects are not straightforward to identify and difficult to decouple. Despite the susceptibility of nanostructured electrodes to mass transfer limitations, we highlight that nanostructured silver electrodes exhibit considerably higher activity when normalized to the electrochemically active surface in contrast to gold and copper electrodes. Alongside, we provide a discussion on how active surface area and thickness of the catalytic layer itself can influence the onset potential, selectivity, stability, activity and mass transfer inside and outside of the three dimensional catalyst layer. Key parameters and potential solutions are highlighted to decouple mass transfer effects from the measured activity in electrochemical cells utilizing CO2 saturated aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Kas
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Kailun Yang
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Divya Bohra
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Kortlever
- Large-Scale Energy Storage (LSE), Department of Process and Energy, Delft University of Technology 2628 CB Delft The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Burdyny
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Wilson A Smith
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
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38
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Bergmann A, Roldan Cuenya B. Operando Insights into Nanoparticle Transformations during Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Bergmann
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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39
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Heidary N, Ly KH, Kornienko N. Probing CO 2 Conversion Chemistry on Nanostructured Surfaces with Operando Vibrational Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4817-4826. [PMID: 31260630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the rising emphasis on renewable energy research, the field of electrocatalytic CO2 conversion to fuels has grown tremendously in recent years. Advances in nanomaterial synthesis and characterization have enabled researchers to screen effects of elemental composition, size, and surface chemistry on catalyst performance. However, direct links from structure and active state to catalytic function are difficult to establish. To this end, operando spectroscopic techniques, those conducted simultaneously as catalysts operate, can provide key complementary information by investigating electrocatalysis under turnover conditions. In particular, Raman and infrared spectroscopy have the potential to reveal the identity of surface-bound intermediates, catalyst active state, and possible reaction sites to supplement the insights extracted from conventional electrochemistry. Such research aims to work in tandem synthetic and catalytic efforts to guide the development of next-generation CO2 electrocatalytic systems through rational design. In this Mini Review, we examine the latest developments in the operando probing of electrochemical CO2 reduction on nanostructured electrocatalysts and detail how this research accelerates the advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Heidary
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Building , Montreal , Quebec H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Khoa H Ly
- Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Nikolay Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Building , Montreal , Quebec H3C 3J7 , Canada
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40
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Scholten F, Sinev I, Bernal M, Roldan Cuenya B. Plasma-Modified Dendritic Cu Catalyst for CO 2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 2019; 9:5496-5502. [PMID: 31205798 PMCID: PMC6559126 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Efficient
and active catalysts with high selectivity for hydrocarbons
and other valuable chemicals during stable operation are crucial.
We have taken advantage of low-pressure oxygen plasmas to modify dendritic
Cu catalysts and were able to achieve enhanced selectivity toward
C2 and C3 products. Utilizing operando spectroscopic
methods such as X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS)
and quasi in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we observed
that the initial presence of oxides in these catalysts before the
reaction plays an inferior role in determining their catalytic performance
as compared to the overall catalyst morphology. This is assigned to
the poor stability of the CuxO species
in these materials under the conditions of electrocatalytic conversion
of CO2 (CO2RR). Our findings shed light into
the strong structure/chemical state-selectivity
correlation in CO2RR and open venues for the rational design
of more effective catalysts through plasma pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Scholten
- Department of Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
- Interface Science Department, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ilya Sinev
- Department of Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Miguel Bernal
- Department of Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Interface Science Department, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
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41
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Iijima G, Inomata T, Yamaguchi H, Ito M, Masuda H. Role of a Hydroxide Layer on Cu Electrodes in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Go Iijima
- Advanced Research and Innovation Center, DENSO Corporation, 500-1 minamiyama, Komenoki-cho, Nisshin 470-0111, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho,
Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Inomata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho,
Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamaguchi
- Advanced Research and Innovation Center, DENSO Corporation, 500-1 minamiyama, Komenoki-cho, Nisshin 470-0111, Japan
| | - Miho Ito
- Advanced Research and Innovation Center, DENSO Corporation, 500-1 minamiyama, Komenoki-cho, Nisshin 470-0111, Japan
| | - Hideki Masuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho,
Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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Kottakkat T, Klingan K, Jiang S, Jovanov ZP, Davies VH, El-Nagar GAM, Dau H, Roth C. Electrodeposited AgCu Foam Catalysts for Enhanced Reduction of CO 2 to CO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14734-14744. [PMID: 30933468 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 is an emerging field which needs more active and stable catalysts for its practicability. In this work, we have studied the influence of Ag metal incorporation into Cu dendritic structures on the product distribution and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction. Bimetallic AgCu foams prepared by hydrogen bubble templated electrodeposition shift the potentials of CO production to more positive values compared to bulk silver. The presence of Ag during the electrodeposition significantly changed the size and the shape of the dendrites in the pore walls of AgCu foams compared to Cu foam. The CO adsorption characteristics are studied by operando Raman spectroscopy. In the presence of Ag, the maximum CO adsorption is observed at a more positive potential. As a result, an improved selectivity for CO is obtained for AgCu foam catalysts at lower overpotentials compared to Cu foam catalyst, evidencing a synergistic effect between the bimetallic components. We were successful in increasing the CO mass activity with respect to the total Ag amount. AgCu foams are found to retain the CO selectivity during long-term operation, and with their easily scalable electrodeposition synthesis they possess high potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tintula Kottakkat
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Katharina Klingan
- Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Zarko P Jovanov
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Veronica H Davies
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gumaa A M El-Nagar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Christina Roth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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Gao D, Arán-Ais RM, Jeon HS, Roldan Cuenya B. Rational catalyst and electrolyte design for CO2 electroreduction towards multicarbon products. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Activated Cu/Cu2O foam with Ni nanoparticles for electrocatalytic activity enhancement of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jiang S, Klingan K, Pasquini C, Dau H. New aspects of operando Raman spectroscopy applied to electrochemical CO2 reduction on Cu foams. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041718. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5054109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Klingan
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Pasquini
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Villalobos J, González-Flores D, Klingan K, Chernev P, Kubella P, Urcuyo R, Pasquini C, Mohammadi MR, Smith RDL, Montero ML, Dau H. Structural and functional role of anions in electrochemical water oxidation probed by arsenate incorporation into cobalt-oxide materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12485-12493. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01754b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arsenate ions are incorporated in amorphous cobalt oxide catalysts at the periphery of the lattice or substituting cobalt ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Villalobos
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ) and Escuela de Química
- Universidad de Costa Rica
- San José
- Costa Rica
| | - Diego González-Flores
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ) and Escuela de Química
- Universidad de Costa Rica
- San José
- Costa Rica
- Department of Physics
| | | | - Petko Chernev
- Department of Physics
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Paul Kubella
- Department of Physics
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Roberto Urcuyo
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ) and Escuela de Química
- Universidad de Costa Rica
- San José
- Costa Rica
| | - Chiara Pasquini
- Department of Physics
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | | | - Mavis L. Montero
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales (CICIMA) and Escuela de Química
- Universidad de Costa Rica
- San José
- Costa Rica
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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