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Zhao Y, Raj J, Xu X, Jiang J, Wu J, Fan M. Carbon Catalysts Empowering Sustainable Chemical Synthesis via Electrochemical CO 2 Conversion and Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311163. [PMID: 38308114 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbon materials hold significant promise in electrocatalysis, particularly in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2 RR) and two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR). The pivotal factor in achieving exceptional overall catalytic performance in carbon catalysts is the strategic design of specific active sites and nanostructures. This work presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments in carbon electrocatalysts for eCO2 RR and 2e- ORR. The creation of active sites through single/dual heteroatom doping, functional group decoration, topological defect, and micro-nano structuring, along with their synergistic effects, is thoroughly examined. Elaboration on the catalytic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of these active sites is provided. In addition to directly serving as electrocatalysts, this review explores the role of carbon matrix as a support in finely adjusting the reactivity of single-atom molecular catalysts. Finally, the work addresses the challenges and prospects associated with designing and fabricating carbon electrocatalysts, providing valuable insights into the future trajectory of this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Jithu Raj
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Xiang Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Jingjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Mengmeng Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
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2
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Olivier A, Desgagnés A, Mercier E, Iliuta MC. New Insights on Catalytic Valorization of Carbon Dioxide by Conventional and Intensified Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Olivier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alex Desgagnés
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Etienne Mercier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maria C. Iliuta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, G1 V 0A6, Canada
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3
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Barrio J, Pedersen A, Favero S, Luo H, Wang M, Sarma SC, Feng J, Ngoc LTT, Kellner S, Li AY, Jorge Sobrido AB, Titirici MM. Bioinspired and Bioderived Aqueous Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2311-2348. [PMID: 36354420 PMCID: PMC9999430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and sustainable electrochemical systems able to provide clean-energy fuels and chemicals is one of the main current challenges of materials science and engineering. Over the last decades, significant advances have been made in the development of robust electrocatalysts for different reactions, with fundamental insights from both computational and experimental work. Some of the most promising systems in the literature are based on expensive and scarce platinum-group metals; however, natural enzymes show the highest per-site catalytic activities, while their active sites are based exclusively on earth-abundant metals. Additionally, natural biomass provides a valuable feedstock for producing advanced carbonaceous materials with porous hierarchical structures. Utilizing resources and design inspiration from nature can help create more sustainable and cost-effective strategies for manufacturing cost-effective, sustainable, and robust electrochemical materials and devices. This review spans from materials to device engineering; we initially discuss the design of carbon-based materials with bioinspired features (such as enzyme active sites), the utilization of biomass resources to construct tailored carbon materials, and their activity in aqueous electrocatalysis for water splitting, oxygen reduction, and CO2 reduction. We then delve in the applicability of bioinspired features in electrochemical devices, such as the engineering of bioinspired mass transport and electrode interfaces. Finally, we address remaining challenges, such as the stability of bioinspired active sites or the activity of metal-free carbon materials, and discuss new potential research directions that can open the gates to the implementation of bioinspired sustainable materials in electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Barrio
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K
| | - Angus Pedersen
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K
| | - Silvia Favero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K
| | - Mengnan Wang
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K
| | - Saurav Ch Sarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K
| | - Jingyu Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, LondonE1 4NS, England, U.K
| | - Linh Tran Thi Ngoc
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, LondonE1 4NS, England, U.K
| | - Simon Kellner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K
| | - Alain You Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K
| | - Ana Belén Jorge Sobrido
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, LondonE1 4NS, England, U.K
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, England, U.K.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi980-8577, Japan
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4
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Chen S, Li X, Li H, Chen K, Luo T, Fu J, Liu K, Wang Q, Zhu M, Liu M. Proton Transfer Dynamics-Mediated CO 2 Electroreduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202202251. [PMID: 36820747 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) is crucial to addressing environmental crises and producing chemicals. Proton activation and transfer are essential in CO2 RR. To date, few research reviews have focused on this process and its effect on catalytic performance. Recent studies have demonstrated ways to improve CO2 RR by regulating proton transfer dynamics. This Concept highlights the use of regulating proton transfer dynamics to enhance CO2 RR for the target product and discusses modulation strategies for proton transfer dynamics and operative mechanisms in typical systems, including single-atom catalysts, molecular catalysts, metal heterointerfaces, and organic-ligand modified metal catalysts. Characterization methods for proton transfer dynamics during CO2 RR are also discussed, providing powerful tools for the hydrogen-involving electrochemical study. This Concept offers new insights into the CO2 RR mechanism and guides the design of efficient CO2 RR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyong Chen
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Kejun Chen
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Tao Luo
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Fu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qiyou Wang
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Mingshan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
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Liu G, Zhan J, Zhang Z, Zhang LH, Yu F. Recent Advances of the Confinement Effects Boosting Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202200983. [PMID: 36373345 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Powered by clean and renewable energy, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) to chemical feedstocks is an effective way to mitigate the greenhouse effect and artificially close the carbon cycle. However, the performance of electrocatalytic CO2 RR was impeded by the strong thermodynamic stability of CO2 molecules and the high susceptibility to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous phase systems. Moreover, the numerous reaction intermediates formed at very near potentials lead to poor selectivity of reaction products, further preventing the industrialization of CO2 RR. Catalysis in confined space can enrich the reaction intermediates to improve their coverage at the active site, increase local pH to inhibit HER, and accelerate the mass transfer rate of reactants/products and subsequently facilitate CO2 RR performance. Therefore, we summarize the research progress on the application of the confinement effects in the direction of CO2 RR in theoretical and experimental directions. We first analyzed the mechanism of the confinement effect. Subsequently, the confinement effect was discussed in various forms, which can be characterized as an abnormal catalytic phenomenon due to the relative limitation of the reaction region. In specific, based on the physical structure of the catalyst, the confinement effect was divided in four categories: pore structure confinement, cavity structure confinement, active center confinement, and other confinement methods. Based on these discussions, we also have summarized the prospects and challenges in this field. This review aims to stimulate greater interests for the development of more efficient confined strategy for CO2 RR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomeng Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Jiauyu Zhan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Hua Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Fengshou Yu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
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Wu J, Wang L, Xu S, Cao Y, Han Z, Li H. Sequential hydrogenation of nitroaromatics to alicyclic amines via highly-dispersed Ru-Pd nanoparticles anchored on air-exfoliated C 3N 4 nanosheets. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2024-2035. [PMID: 36712606 PMCID: PMC9832582 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07612h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing efficient and green catalytic systems is highly desired in the syntheses of alicyclic amines via hydrogenation of nitroaromatics. Herein, we developed Ru-Pd dual active site catalysts in which Ru and Pd species were anchored and highly dispersed on air-exfoliated carbon nitride (Ru-Pd/C3N4-air). As-prepared catalysts were employed in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (NB) to cyclohexylamine (CHA). Compared with single Ru or Pd based catalysts, Ru-Pd dual active site catalysts obtained a higher CHA production rate of 26.7 mol CHA mol-1 Ru·Pd h-1 at 80 °C and 3 MPa H2. The activation energy for the hydrogenation of the nitro group and benzene ring was calculated as 26.26 kJ mol-1 and 66.30 kJ mol-1, respectively. Intrinsic kinetic studies demonstrated that Pd was the dominant metal for hydrogenation of nitro group, while Ru was dominant for benzene ring. Thereinto, the corresponding non-dominant metals enhanced activation and dissociation of H2, thereby improving catalytic activity significantly. This excellent performance of Ru-Pd catalysts could be attributed to highly dispersed Ru-N x and Pd-N x at a nanoscale distance, which was conducive to metal-assisted hydrogenation. Stability investigation showed that the performance of Ru-Pd catalysts could be essentially maintained at a high level. Additionally, the substrate scope could be successfully extended to hydrogenation of other nitroaromatics with different substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Liguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian116023China
| | - Shuang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Yan Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Ziqiang Han
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Huiquan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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7
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Hursán D, Ábel M, Baán K, Fako E, Samu GF, Nguyën HC, López N, Atanassov P, Kónya Z, Sápi A, Janáky C. CO 2 Conversion on N-Doped Carbon Catalysts via Thermo- and Electrocatalysis: Role of C–NO x Moieties. ACS Catal 2022; 12:10127-10140. [PMID: 36033366 PMCID: PMC9397536 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
N-doped carbon (N–C) materials are increasingly
popular
in different electrochemical and catalytic applications. Due to the
structural and stoichiometric diversity of these materials, however,
the role of different functional moieties is still controversial.
We have synthesized a set of N–C catalysts, with identical
morphologies (∼27 nm pore size). By systematically changing
the precursors, we have varied the amount and chemical nature of N-functions
on the catalyst surface. The CO2 reduction (CO2R) properties of these catalysts were tested in both electrochemical
(EC) and thermal catalytic (TC) experiments (i.e., CO2 +
H2 reaction). CO was the major CO2R product
in all cases, while CH4 appeared as a minor product. Importantly,
the CO2R activity changed with the chemical composition,
and the activity trend was similar in the EC and TC scenarios. The
activity was correlated with the amount of different N-functions,
and a correlation was found for the −NOx species. Interestingly, the amount of this species decreased
radically during EC CO2R, which was coupled with the performance
decrease. The observations were rationalized by the adsorption/desorption
properties of the samples, while theoretical insights indicated a
similarity between the EC and TC paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Hursán
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marietta Ábel
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Baán
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edvin Fako
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gergely F. Samu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Huu Chuong Nguyën
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Sápi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Janáky
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Sun M, Pan D, Ye T, Gu J, Zhou Y, Wang J. Ionic porous polyamide derived N-doped carbon towards highly selective electroreduction of CO2. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Gawel A, Jaster T, Siegmund D, Holzmann J, Lohmann H, Klemm E, Apfel UP. Electrochemical CO 2 reduction - The macroscopic world of electrode design, reactor concepts & economic aspects. iScience 2022; 25:104011. [PMID: 35340428 PMCID: PMC8943412 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the efficient electrochemical conversion of CO2 into valuable chemical feedstocks, a well-coordinated interaction of all electrolyzer compartments is required. In addition to the catalyst, whose role is described in detail in the part "Electrochemical CO2 Reduction toward Multicarbon Alcohols - The Microscopic World of Catalysts & Process Conditions" of this divided review, the general cell setups, design and manufacture of the electrodes, membranes used, and process parameters must be optimally matched. The authors' goal is to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on how these aspects affect the overall performance of CO2 electrolysis. To be economically competitive as an overall process, the framework conditions, i.e., CO2 supply and reaction product treatment must also be considered. If the key indicators for current density, selectivity, cell voltage, and lifetime of a CO2 electrolyzer mentioned in the techno-economic consideration of this review are met, electrochemical CO2 reduction can make a valuable contribution to the creation of closed carbon cycles and to a sustainable energy economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Gawel
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Theresa Jaster
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes Holzmann
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heiko Lohmann
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Elias Klemm
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Jaster T, Gawel A, Siegmund D, Holzmann J, Lohmann H, Klemm E, Apfel UP. Electrochemical CO 2 reduction toward multicarbon alcohols - The microscopic world of catalysts & process conditions. iScience 2022; 25:104010. [PMID: 35345454 PMCID: PMC8956800 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tackling climate change is one of the undoubtedly most important challenges at the present time. This review deals mainly with the chemical aspects of the current status for converting the greenhouse gas CO2 via electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to multicarbon alcohols as valuable products. Feasible reaction routes are presented, as well as catalyst synthesis methods such as electrodeposition, precipitation, or sputtering. In addition, a comprehensive overview of the currently achievable selectivities for multicarbon alcohols in CO2RR is given. It is also outlined to what extent, for example, modifications of the catalyst surfaces or the use of bifunctional compounds the product distribution is shifted. In addition, the influence of varying electrolyte, temperature, and pressure is described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Jaster
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, D46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alina Gawel
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, D46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, D46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Johannes Holzmann
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heiko Lohmann
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, D46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Elias Klemm
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, D46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D44801 Bochum, Germany
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Hernández-Ibáñez N, Gomis-Berenguer A, Montiel V, Ania CO, Iniesta J. Fabrication of a biocathode for formic acid production upon the immobilization of formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii on a nanoporous carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133117. [PMID: 34861253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The immobilization of the non-metallic enzyme formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii (CbFDH) into a nanoporous carbon with appropriate pore structure was explored for the bioelectrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid (FA). Higher FA production rates were obtained upon immobilization of CbFDH compared to the performance of the enzyme in solution, despite the lower nominal CbFDH to NADH (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced) cofactor ratio and the lower amount of enzyme immobilized. The co-immobilization of the enzyme and a rhodium complex as mediator in the nanoporous carbon allowed the electrochemical regeneration of the cofactor. Preparative electrosynthesis of FA carried out on biocathodes of relatively large dimensions (ca. 3 cm × 2 cm) confirmed the higher production rate of FA for the immobilized enzyme. Furthermore, the incorporation of a Nafion binder in the biocathodes did not modify the immobilization extent of the CbFDH in the carbon support. Coulombic efficiencies close to 46% were obtained for the electrosynthesis carried out at -0.8 V for the biocathodes prepared using the lowest Nafion binder content and the co-immobilized enzyme and rhodium redox mediator. Although these values may yet be improved, they confirm the feasibility of these biocathodes in larger scales (6 cm2) beyond most common electrode dimensions reported in the literature (ca. a few mm2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Hernández-Ibáñez
- Physical Chemistry Department and Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Montiel
- Physical Chemistry Department and Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Conchi O Ania
- CEMHTI (UPR 3079, CNRS), University of Orléans, 45071, Orléans, France.
| | - Jesús Iniesta
- Physical Chemistry Department and Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
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13
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Zhu S, Delmo EP, Li T, Qin X, Tian J, Zhang L, Shao M. Recent Advances in Catalyst Structure and Composition Engineering Strategies for Regulating CO 2 Electrochemical Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005484. [PMID: 33899277 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction has been recognized as a promising solution in tackling energy- and environment-related challenges of human society. In the past few years, the rapid development of advanced electrocatalysts has significantly improved the efficiency of this reaction and accelerated the practical applications of this technology. Herein, representative catalyst structures and composition engineering strategies in regulating the CO2 reduction selectivity and activity toward various products including carbon monoxide, formate, methane, methanol, ethylene, and ethanol are summarized. An overview of in situ/operando characterizations and advanced computational modeling in deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanisms and accelerating catalyst design are also provided. To conclude, future challenges and opportunities in this research field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangqian Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ernest Pahuyo Delmo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiehuai Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueping Qin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimension Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Energy Institute, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Park S, Anggraini TM, Chung J, Kang PK, Lee S. Microfluidic pore model study of precipitates induced by the pore-scale mixing of an iron sulfate solution with simulated groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129857. [PMID: 33736220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precipitates induced by the pore-scale mixing of iron sulfate solutions with simulated groundwater were investigated using a microfluidic pore model to assess the environmental impacts of the infiltration of acid mine drainage into a shallow aquifer. This model was employed to visualize the formation of precipitates in a porous network and to evaluate their physicochemical influences on pore flow. Four types of groundwater (Na-HCO3, Na-SO4, Na-Cl, and Ca-Cl) were evaluated, and precipitation rates were calculated by processing images of precipitates in the pores captured via microscopy. The results showed that all groundwater types formed a yellow-brownish precipitate at the interface of the iron solution and simulated groundwater flow. Microscopic X-ray analyses demonstrated that precipitate morphology varied with groundwater type. Faster precipitation was observed in the following order by groundwater type: Na-HCO3 > Na-Cl > Na-SO4 > Ca-Cl, which was attributed to the different stability constants of the major anions in each simulated groundwater with Fe ions. Chemical equilibrium models suggested that precipitates were Fe minerals, with FeOOH as the predominant form consistent with the results of X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The presence of FeOOH implies that precipitates may serve as an effective sorption barrier against some nutrients and heavy metals for the underlying groundwater. However, dye-flow experiments suggested that the precipitates may clog aquifer pores, thereby altering hydrogeological properties in the aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerom Park
- Urban Water Circulation Research Center, Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Gyeonggi-do, 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Theresia May Anggraini
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeshik Chung
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter K Kang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Seunghak Lee
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Du J, Zhang P, Liu H. Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol: An Approach to Transforming Greenhouse Gas to Fuel Source. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:588-603. [PMID: 33522132 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Converting carbon dioxide (CO2 ) into high-value fuels or chemicals is considered as a promising way to utilize CO2 and alleviate the excessive greenhouse gas emission. Among multiple catalysis approaches, electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethanol has an important prospect due to the high energy density and widely applications of ethanol. In recent years, many electrocatalysts for CO2 reduce reaction (CO2 RR) have shown promising catalytic activity for ethanol production. In this review, we will introduce the recent progress in this field. The basic principles and electrochemical performances of CO2 RR are reviewed at first. Then, several categories of active electrocatalysts for CO2 RR to ethanol are summarized, including the discussion of reaction mechanism and catalytic sites. Finally, several possible strategies are proposed, providing guidance for future design and preparation of high-performance catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-3255, United States
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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16
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From CO2 to Value-Added Products: A Review about Carbon-Based Materials for Electro-Chemical CO2 Conversion. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global warming and the dangerous climate change arising from the massive emission of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels have motivated the search for alternative clean and sustainable energy sources. However, the industrial development and population necessities make the decoupling of economic growth from fossil fuels unimaginable and, consequently, the capture and conversion of CO2 to fuels seems to be, nowadays, one of the most promising and attractive solutions in a world with high energy demand. In this respect, the electrochemical CO2 conversion using renewable electricity provides a promising solution. However, faradaic efficiency of common electro-catalysts is low, and therefore, the design of highly selective, energy-efficient, and cost-effective electrocatalysts is critical. Carbon-based materials present some advantages such as relatively low cost and renewability, excellent electrical conductivity, and tunable textural and chemical surface, which show them as competitive materials for the electro-reduction of CO2. In this review, an overview of the recent progress of carbon-based electro-catalysts in the conversion of CO2 to valuable products is presented, focusing on the role of the different carbon properties, which provides a useful understanding for the materials design progress in this field. Development opportunities and challenges in the field are also summarized.
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17
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Zhao K, Quan X. Carbon-Based Materials for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C2+ Oxygenates: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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18
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Dongare S, Singh N, Bhunia H. Nitrogen-doped graphene supported copper nanoparticles for electrochemical reduction of CO2. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Wang G, Chen J, Ding Y, Cai P, Yi L, Li Y, Tu C, Hou Y, Wen Z, Dai L. Electrocatalysis for CO2 conversion: from fundamentals to value-added products. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4993-5061. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This timely and comprehensive review mainly summarizes advances in heterogeneous electroreduction of CO2: from fundamentals to value-added products.
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20
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Carbon-based electrocatalysts for CO2 electroreduction produced via MOF, biomass, and other precursors carbonization: A review. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Advances in Clean Fuel Ethanol Production from Electro-, Photo- and Photoelectro-Catalytic CO2 Reduction. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Using renewable energy to convert CO2 to a clean fuel ethanol can not only reduce carbon emission through the utilization of CO2 as feedstock, but also store renewable energy as the widely used chemical and high-energy-density fuel, being considered as a perfect strategy to address current environment and energy issues. Developing efficient electrocatalysts, photocatalysts, and photoelectrocatalysts for CO2 reduction is the most crucial keystone for achieving this goal. Considerable progresses in CO2-based ethanol production have been made over the past decades. This review provides the general principles and summarizes the latest advancements in electrocatalytic, photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic CO2 conversion to ethanol. Furthermore, the main challenges and proposed future prospects are illustrated for further developments in clean fuel ethanol production.
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22
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Geng W, Chen W, Li G, Dong X, Song Y, Wei W, Sun Y. Induced CO 2 Electroreduction to Formic Acid on Metal-Organic Frameworks via Node Doping. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4035-4040. [PMID: 32652883 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), combining the advantages of heterogeneous and homogeneous components, have been explored as catalytic materials for the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2 ERR). However, the unmatched metal nodes result in MOFs having lower faradaic efficiencies (FEs) and limited current densities in CO2 ERR. Herein, we report a general strategy to promote activities of MOFs via node doping in CO2 ERR. With ion exchange, an active tin node was doped into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) to facilitate the reduction kinetics of CO2 . The divalent Sn2+ node accelerates the formation of formic acid (HCOOH), resulting in the highest HCOOH FE of 74 % and total current density (Jtotal ) of 27 mA/cm2 at -1.1 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) over 0.6 wt% Sn-doped ZIF-8 with stable catalytic performance after seven reuse cycles, which is clearly better compared to the catalytic properties of pristine ZIF-8 (FEHCOOH =0 %, Jtotal =13 mA/cm2 ). This work opens an avenue for promoting the CO2 ERR performance of MOFs by node doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Clean Technology, 300 Dingyuan Road, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
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23
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Du J, Li S, Liu S, Xin Y, Chen B, Liu H, Han B. Selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethanol via a relay catalytic platform. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5098-5104. [PMID: 34122967 PMCID: PMC8159220 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to ethanol is of great importance, but remains a challenge because it involves the transfer of multiple proton-electron pairs and carbon-carbon coupling. Herein, we report a CoO-anchored N-doped carbon material composed of mesoporous carbon (MC) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a catalyst for CO2 electroreduction. The faradaic efficiencies of ethanol and current density reached 60.1% and 5.1 mA cm-2, respectively. Moreover, the selectivity for ethanol products was extremely high among the products produced from CO2. A proposed mechanism is discussed in which the MC-CNT/Co catalyst provides a relay catalytic platform, where CoO catalyzes the formation of CO* intermediates which spill over to MC-CNT for carbon-carbon coupling to form ethanol. The high selectivity for ethanol is attributed mainly to the highly selective carbon-carbon coupling active sites on MC-CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shulin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Bingfeng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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