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Bykonia EN, Kleymenov DA, Gushchin VA, Siniavin AE, Mazunina EP, Kozlova SR, Zolotar AN, Usachev EV, Kuznetsova NA, Shidlovskaya EV, Pochtovyi AA, Kustova DD, Ivanov IA, Dmitriev SE, Ivanov RA, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Major Role of S-Glycoprotein in Providing Immunogenicity and Protective Immunity in mRNA Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccines Based on SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:379. [PMID: 38675761 PMCID: PMC11053793 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants have evolved over time in recent years, demonstrating immune evasion of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies directed against the original S protein. Updated S-targeted vaccines provide a high level of protection against circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2, but this protection declines over time due to ongoing virus evolution. To achieve a broader protection, novel vaccine candidates involving additional antigens with low mutation rates are currently needed. Based on our recently studied mRNA lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) platform, we have generated mRNA-LNP encoding SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins M, N, S from different virus variants and studied their immunogenicity separately or in combination in vivo. As a result, all mRNA-LNP vaccine compositions encoding the S and N proteins induced excellent titers of RBD- and N-specific binding antibodies. The T cell responses were mainly specific CD4+ T cell lymphocytes producing IL-2 and TNF-alpha. mRNA-LNP encoding the M protein did not show a high immunogenicity. High neutralizing activity was detected in the sera of mice vaccinated with mRNA-LNP encoding S protein (alone or in combinations) against closely related strains, but was undetectable or significantly lower against an evolutionarily distant variant. Our data showed that the addition of mRNAs encoding S and M antigens to mRNA-N in the vaccine composition enhanced the immunogenicity of mRNA-N and induced a more robust immune response to the N protein. Based on our results, we suggested that the S protein plays a key role in enhancing the immune response to the N protein when they are both encoded in the mRNA-LNP vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia N. Bykonia
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Denis A. Kleymenov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei E. Siniavin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elena P. Mazunina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Sofia R. Kozlova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Anastasia N. Zolotar
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Evgeny V. Usachev
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Andrei A. Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daria D. Kustova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Igor A. Ivanov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Dmitriev
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Roman A. Ivanov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia;
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (D.A.K.); (A.E.S.); (E.P.M.); (S.R.K.); (A.N.Z.); (E.V.U.); (N.A.K.); (E.V.S.); (A.A.P.); (D.D.K.); (I.A.I.); (S.E.D.); (D.Y.L.); (A.L.G.)
- Infectiology Department, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Ning J, Wang Q, Chen Y, He T, Zhang F, Chen X, Shi L, Zhai A, Li B, Wu C. Immunodominant SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses elicited by inactivated vaccines in healthy adults. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28743. [PMID: 37185843 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Safety profiles and humoral responses to inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have been previously assessed, but cellular immune responses to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines remain understudied. Here, we report the comprehensive characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses elicited by the BBIBP-CorV vaccine. A total of 295 healthy adults were recruited, and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were detected after stimulation with overlapping peptide pools spanning the entire length of the envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S) proteins. Robust and durable CD4+ (p < 0.0001) and CD8+ (p < 0.0001) T-cell responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 were detected following the third vaccination, with an increase in specific CD8+ T-cells, compared to CD4+ T-cells. Cytokine profiles showed that interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor-α were predominantly expressed with the negligible expression of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, indicating a Th1- or Tc1-biased response. Compared to E and M proteins, N and S activated a higher proportion of specific T-cells with broader functions. The predominant frequency of the N antigen (49/89) was highest for CD4+ T-cell immunity. Furthermore, N19-36 and N391-408 were identified to contain dominant CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell epitopes, respectively. In addition, N19-36 -specific CD8+ T-cells were mainly effector memory CD45RA cells, whereas N391-408 -specific CD4+ T-cells were mainly effector memory cells. Therefore, this study reports comprehensive features of T-cell immunity induced by the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BBIBP-CorV and proposes highly conserved candidate peptides which may be beneficial in vaccine optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Taojun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aixia Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Vallejo A, Vizcarra P, Martín-Hondarza A, Gómez-Maldonado S, Haemmerle J, Velasco H, Casado JL. Impact of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells on the immune response after mRNA-based Comirnaty vaccine in seronegative health care workers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1002748. [PMID: 36212856 PMCID: PMC9535088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the impact of SARS-COV-2-specific memory B cells (MBC) on the immune response after two doses of mRNA-based Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine in seronegative health care workers. This study is seeking a rationale for boosting vaccines. Methods Longitudinal study including 31 seronegative health care workers with undetectable specific MBCs (IgG−MBC− group), 24 seronegative with detectable specific MBCs (IgG−MBC+ group), and 24 seropositive with detectable specific MBCs (IgG+MBC+ group). The level of antibodies that inhibit ACE2-RBD interaction, and anti-Spike IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies was quantified by ELISA. In addition, specific memory B and T cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Results The level of specific MBCs, and isotypes, in the IgG−MBC− group was lower compared to that found in IgG−MBC+ (p = 0.0001) and IgG+MBC+ (p < 0.0001) groups, respectively. ACE2-RBD neutralizing antibodies and anti-S IgG antibodies were at lower levels in the IgG−MBC−group after the vaccine. Specific MBCs directly correlated with specific CD4+ T cells (although not significant, p = 0.065), while no correlation was found with specific CD8+ T cells (p = 0.156) after the vaccine. In parallel, ACE2-RBD neutralizing antibodies only positively correlated with specific CD4+ T cells (p = 0.034). Conclusion IgG−MBC− individuals showed the worst humoral and cellular responses, both in frequency and magnitude, after vaccination. Individuals whose antibodies wane and become undetectable after a given period of time post vaccination and show no specific MBCs are less protected and hence are good candidates for boosting vaccine. On the other hand, seronegative individuals with specific MBC showed faster and higher responses compared to the IgG−MBC− group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Vallejo
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Alejandro Vallejo,
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Martín-Hondarza
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Gómez-Maldonado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Haemmerle
- Department of Prevention of Occupational Risks, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Velasco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- José L. Casado,
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Young A. T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2022; 10:25151355221115011. [PMID: 36051003 PMCID: PMC9425900 DOI: 10.1177/25151355221115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While antibodies garner the lion’s share of attention in SARS-CoV-2 immunity, cellular immunity (T cells) may be equally, if not more important, in controlling infection. Both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are elicited earlier and are associated with milder disease, than antibodies, and T-cell activation appears to be necessary for control of infection. Variants of concern (VOCs) such as Omicron have escaped the neutralizing antibody responses after two mRNA vaccine doses, but T-cell immunity is largely intact. The breadth and patient-specific nature of the latter offers a formidable line of defense that can limit the severity of illness, and are likely to be responsible for most of the protection from natural infection or vaccination against VOCs which have evaded the antibody response. Comprehensive searches for T-cell epitopes, T-cell activation from infection and vaccination of specific patient groups, and elicitation of cellular immunity by various alternative vaccine modalities are here reviewed. Development of vaccines that specifically target T cells is called for, to meet the needs of patient groups for whom cellular immunity is weaker, such as the elderly and the immunosuppressed. While VOCs have not yet fully escaped T-cell immunity elicited by natural infection and vaccines, some early reports of partial escape suggest that future VOCs may achieve the dreaded result, dislodging a substantial proportion of cellular immunity, enough to cause a grave public health burden. A proactive, rather than reactive, solution which identifies and targets immutable sequences in SARS-CoV-2, not just those which are conserved, may be the only recourse humankind has to disarm these future VOCs before they disarm us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Young
- InvVax, 2265 E. Foohill Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
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Casado JL, Vizcarra P, Haemmerle J, Velasco H, Martín-Hondarza A, Rodríguez-Domínguez MJ, Velasco T, Martín S, Romero-Hernández B, Fernández-Escribano M, Vallejo A. Pre-existing T cell immunity determines the frequency and magnitude of cellular immune response to two doses of mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100165. [PMID: 35529539 PMCID: PMC9057925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of CD4 T-cell response to first/second dose of mRNA vaccine was observed in 21% and 12% of health care workers (HCWs). T-cell response was greater in frequency/magnitude in HCWs with pre-existing immunity, due due to infection or cross-reactivity. Pre-existing immunity correlated with the magnitude of specific antibodies production after vaccination.
Little is known about the factors associated with lack of T-cell response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. In a prospective cohort of 61 health care workers (HCWs), 21% and 16% after the first dose of mRNA BNT162b vaccine, and 12% and 7% after the second dose, showed lack of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response, respectively. Pre-existing T-cell immunity, due to past infection (46%) or cross-reactive cellular response (26%), was significantly associated with T-cell response in frequency (CD4+ T-cell, 100% vs 82% after two doses; p = 0.049) and in the magnitude of T-cell response during follow up. Furthermore, baseline CD4+ T-cell correlated positively with the titer of specific IgG-antibodies after first and second vaccine dose. Our data demonstrate that cross-reactive T-cells correlate with a better cellular response as well as an enhanced humoral response, and we confirm the close correlation of humoral and cellular response after mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain (J.L. Casado). Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain (A. Vallejo).
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Haemmerle
- Department of Prevention of Occupational Risks, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Velasco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Martín-Hondarza
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario J. Rodríguez-Domínguez
- Department of Microbiology, Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS), CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Velasco
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martín
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero-Hernández
- Department of Microbiology, Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS), CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain (J.L. Casado). Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain (A. Vallejo).
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Morales-Núñez JJ, García-Chagollán M, Muñoz-Valle JF, Díaz-Pérez SA, Torres-Hernández PC, Rodríguez-Reyes SC, Santoscoy-Ascencio G, Sierra García de Quevedo JJ, Hernández-Bello J. Differences in B-Cell Immunophenotypes and Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 After Administration of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) Vaccine in Individuals with and without Prior COVID-19 - A Prospective Cohort Study. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4449-4466. [PMID: 35958186 PMCID: PMC9361858 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s374304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Understanding the humoral immune response dynamics carried out by B cells in COVID-19 vaccination is little explored; therefore, we analyze the changes induced in the different cellular subpopulations of B cells after vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). Methods This prospective cohort study evaluated thirty-nine immunized health workers (22 with prior COVID-19 and 17 without prior COVID-19) and ten subjects not vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (control group). B cell subpopulations (transitional, mature, naïve, memory, plasmablasts, early plasmablast, and double-negative B cells) and neutralizing antibody levels were analyzed and quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Results The dynamics of the B cells subpopulations after vaccination showed the following pattern: the percentage of transitional B cells was higher in the prior COVID-19 group (p < 0.05), whereas virgin B cells were more prevalent in the group without prior COVID-19 (p < 0.05), mature B cells predominated in both vaccinated groups (p < 0.01), and memory B cells, plasmablasts, early plasmablasts, and double-negative B cells were higher in the not vaccinated group (p < 0.05). Conclusion BNT162b2 vaccine induces changes in B cell subpopulations, especially generating plasma cells and producing neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. However, the previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 does not significantly alter the dynamics of these subpopulations but induces more rapid and optimal antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Morales-Núñez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mariel García-Chagollán
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Saúl Alberto Díaz-Pérez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Saraí Citlalic Rodríguez-Reyes
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: Jorge Hernández-Bello,s Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44340, Mexico, Tel +52 3334509355, Email
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7
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Casado JL, Haemmerle J, Vizcarra P, Ramirez-Alonso G, Salazar-Tosco A, Romero-Hernandez B, Blasco M, Rodriguez-Dominguez M, Mirabella IG, Vallejo A, Fernandez-Escribano M. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in a Prospective Inception Cohort Study: Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination. J Clin Med 2022; 11:3352. [PMID: 35743421 PMCID: PMC9225121 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of reinfection could be related to the initial SARS-CoV-2 clinical presentation, but there are no data about the risk change after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We evaluated the rate of reinfection in an inception cohort study of 4943 health care workers (HCWs) according to symptoms and serologic results during March−May 2020. Incidence rates (IR) and IR ratios (IRR) before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were determined by adjusting Poisson models. Overall, 1005 HCWs (20.3%) referred COVID-19 suggestive symptoms during the first surge of disease, and 33.5% and 55% presented a positive PCR or serology result, respectively. Meanwhile, 13% of asymptomatic HCWs had specific antibodies. During a follow up of 3422.2 person-years before vaccination, the rate of reinfection among seropositive individuals was 81% lower for those who were symptomatic compared with those who were asymptomatic (IRR of 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05−0.67; p = 0.003). During the 3100 person-years period after vaccination, an overall 74% decrease in the rate of infection was observed (IRR of 0.26; 95% CI, 0.21−0.32; p < 0.001), with a significant 83% and 70% decrease in seropositive and seronegative HCWs, respectively. In conclusion, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections is closely related to the clinical and serological presentation of COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination further decreases the risk of reinfection more markedly among seropositive.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS (Instituto Ramon y Cajal para la Investigación Sanitaria), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (P.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Johannes Haemmerle
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.); (G.R.-A.); (A.S.-T.); (M.B.); (I.G.M.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS (Instituto Ramon y Cajal para la Investigación Sanitaria), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (P.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Gema Ramirez-Alonso
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.); (G.R.-A.); (A.S.-T.); (M.B.); (I.G.M.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Andrea Salazar-Tosco
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.); (G.R.-A.); (A.S.-T.); (M.B.); (I.G.M.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Beatriz Romero-Hernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.-H.); (M.R.-D.)
| | - Magdalena Blasco
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.); (G.R.-A.); (A.S.-T.); (M.B.); (I.G.M.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Mario Rodriguez-Dominguez
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.-H.); (M.R.-D.)
| | - Itria G. Mirabella
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.); (G.R.-A.); (A.S.-T.); (M.B.); (I.G.M.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS (Instituto Ramon y Cajal para la Investigación Sanitaria), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (P.V.); (A.V.)
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, IRYCIS (Instituto Ramon y Cajal para la Investigación Sanitaria), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Fernandez-Escribano
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.); (G.R.-A.); (A.S.-T.); (M.B.); (I.G.M.); (M.F.-E.)
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8
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Calcoen B, Callewaert N, Vandenbulcke A, Kerstens W, Imbrechts M, Vercruysse T, Dallmeier K, Van Weyenbergh J, Maes P, Bossuyt X, Zapf D, Dieckmann K, Callebaut K, Thibaut HJ, Vanhoorelbeke K, De Meyer SF, Maes W, Geukens N. High Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Breakthrough Infections Despite Residual Humoral and Cellular Immunity Induced by BNT162b2 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study in Belgium. Viruses 2022; 14:1257. [PMID: 35746728 PMCID: PMC9228150 DOI: 10.3390/v14061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the massive COVID-19 burden caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), several vaccination campaigns were initiated. We performed a single-center observational trial to monitor the mid- (3 months) and long-term (10 months) adaptive immune response and to document breakthrough infections (BTI) in healthcare workers (n = 84) upon BNT162b2 vaccination in a real-world setting. Firstly, serology was determined through immunoassays. Secondly, antibody functionality was analyzed via in vitro binding inhibition and pseudovirus neutralization and circulating receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific B cells were assessed. Moreover, the induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was investigated by an interferon-γ release assay combined with flowcytometric profiling of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Within individuals that did not experience BTI (n = 62), vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses were not correlated. Interestingly, waning over time was more pronounced within humoral compared to cellular immunity. In particular, 45 of these 62 subjects no longer displayed functional neutralization against the delta variant of concern (VoC) at long-term follow-up. Noteworthily, we reported a high incidence of symptomatic BTI cases (17.11%) caused by alpha and delta VoCs, although vaccine-induced immunity was only slightly reduced compared to subjects without BTI at mid-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Calcoen
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (B.C.); (A.V.); (K.V.); (S.F.D.M.)
| | - Nico Callewaert
- AZ Groeninge Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (K.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Aline Vandenbulcke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (B.C.); (A.V.); (K.V.); (S.F.D.M.)
| | - Winnie Kerstens
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (W.K.); (T.V.); (H.J.T.)
| | - Maya Imbrechts
- PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.I.); (N.G.)
| | - Thomas Vercruysse
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (W.K.); (T.V.); (H.J.T.)
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Piet Maes
- Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorinja Zapf
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23552 Lübeck, Germany; (D.Z.); (K.D.)
| | - Kersten Dieckmann
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23552 Lübeck, Germany; (D.Z.); (K.D.)
| | - Kim Callebaut
- AZ Groeninge Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (K.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (W.K.); (T.V.); (H.J.T.)
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (B.C.); (A.V.); (K.V.); (S.F.D.M.)
- PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.I.); (N.G.)
| | - Simon F. De Meyer
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (B.C.); (A.V.); (K.V.); (S.F.D.M.)
| | - Wim Maes
- PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.I.); (N.G.)
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.I.); (N.G.)
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9
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Cortés A, Casado JL, Longo F, Serrano JJ, Saavedra C, Velasco H, Martin A, Chamorro J, Rosero D, Fernández M, Gion M, Martínez Jáñez N, Soria Rivas A, Alonso Gordoa T, Martínez Delfrade Í, Lage Y, López Miranda E, Olmedo ME, Reguera Puertas P, Gajate P, Molina Cerrillo J, Guerra Alia E, Fuentes Mateos R, Romero B, Rodríguez-Domínguez MJ, Vallejo A, Carrato A. Limited T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine among patients with cancer receiving different cancer treatments. Eur J Cancer 2022; 166:229-239. [PMID: 35316750 PMCID: PMC8885286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with cancer (PC) are at high risk of acquiring COVID-19 and can develop more serious complications. Deeper understanding of vaccines immunogenicity in this population is crucial for adequately planning vaccines programs. The ONCOVac study aimed to comprehensively assess the immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 vaccine in terms of humoral and cellular response. METHODS We conducted a prospective, single-center study including patients with solid tumours treated with cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), immunotherapy (IT) or chemotherapy (CT). Patients were enrolled previously to vaccination with mRNA-1273. We also involved health care workers (HCW) to serve as a control group. We took blood samples before first dose administration (BL), after first dose (1D), and after second dose (2D). The primary objective was to compare the rate and magnitude of T cell response after second dose whereas safety and humoral response were defined as secondary objectives. We also collected patient reported outcomes after both the first and second vaccine dose and a six-month follow-up period to diagnose incident COVID-19 cases was planned. RESULTS The rate of specific anti-S serologic positivity (anti-S IgG cut-off point at 7,14 BAU/mL) was significantly higher in HCW compared to PC after 1D (100% versus 83.8%; p = 0.04), but similar after 2D (100% versus 95.8%; p = 0.5). This difference after 1D was driven by PC treated with CT (100% versus 64.5%; p = 0.001). Cellular response after 2D was significantly lower in PC than in HCW for both CD4+ (91.7% versus 59.7%; p = 0.001) and CD8+ (94.4% versus 55.6%; p < 0.001) T cells. We found a difference on pre-existing CD4+ T cell response in HCW comparing to PC (36% and 17%, p = 0.03); without difference in pre-existing CD8+ T cell response (31% and 23%, p = 0.5). After excluding patients with pre-existing T cell response, PC achieved even lower CD4+ (50.9% versus 95.5%, p < 0.001) and CD8+ (45.5% versus 95.5%, p < 0.001) T cell response compared with HCW. Regarding safety, PC reported notably more adverse events than HCW (96.6% versus 69.2%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that PC showed a similar humoral response but a lower T cell response following two doses of mRNA-1273 vaccination. Further studies are needed to complement our results and determine the implication of low T cell response on clinical protection of PC against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cortés
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Casado
- Infectious Disease Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Longo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Serrano
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Saavedra
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Velasco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Martin
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Chamorro
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Rosero
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gion
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Martínez Jáñez
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainara Soria Rivas
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Alonso Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Íñigo Martínez Delfrade
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Lage
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena López Miranda
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María E Olmedo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Reguera Puertas
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gajate
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Molina Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Guerra Alia
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fuentes Mateos
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Microbiology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario J Rodríguez-Domínguez
- Microbiology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Vallejo A, Martín-Hondarza A, Gómez S, Velasco H, Vizcarra P, Haemmerle J, Casado JL. Cellular Responses to Membrane and Nucleocapsid Viral Proteins Are Also Boosted After SARS-CoV-2 Spike mRNA Vaccination in Individuals With Either Past Infection or Cross-Reactivity. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:812729. [PMID: 35222312 PMCID: PMC8874124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.812729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable clinical efficacy in the general population, although the nature of T-cell priming is not fully understood. We performed longitudinal spike-, membrane-, and nucleocapsid-specific T-cell analysis in individuals with past infection and infection-naïve individuals with cross-reactivity. We found an additional enhancement of T-cell response to the structural membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins after mRNA vaccine in these individuals. Thus, despite the spike-specific response, we found that the first dose of the vaccine boosted a significant CD8 cell response to M and N proteins, whereas no cellular response to those proteins was found in infection-naïve individuals without pre-existing cross-reactivity who were tested for eventual asymptomatic infection. These findings highlight the additional benefit of mRNA vaccines as broad boosters of cellular responses to different viral epitopes in these individuals and suggest extended protection to other viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Vallejo
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Health Research Institute Ramón y Cajal (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Martín-Hondarza
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Health Research Institute Ramón y Cajal (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Gómez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Health Research Institute Ramón y Cajal (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Velasco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Health Research Institute Ramón y Cajal (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Health Research Institute Ramón y Cajal (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Haemmerle
- Department of Prevention of Occupational Risks, Health Research Institute Ramón y Cajal (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Health Research Institute Ramón y Cajal (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Lemos C, Ferreira S, Gouveia C, Mendonça É, Mota AM, Rodrigues M, Alves J, Chaves S, Andrade G, Nóbrega JJ. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers After Vaccine Administration in an Intensive Care Unit. Cureus 2021; 13:e20579. [PMID: 34963873 PMCID: PMC8695690 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China in December 2019. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are one of the high-risk groups of infection and knowledge of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among this class is very important, not only to understand the spread of COVID-19 among health institutions but also to assess the success of public health interventions. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the seroprevalence of COVID-19 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies after vaccine administration and assess the symptomatology associated with the number of IgG antibodies. A total of 75 HCWs from an intensive care unit were studied three and six months after the second administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. They were divided into three groups: IgG antibodies between 4,160 and 6,350 (group one), greater than 6,350 (group two), and less than 4,160 (group three). After the first administration of the vaccine, 80% had symptoms in both groups one and two, whereas only 13.8% had symptoms in group three. After the second dose of the vaccine, all elements of group one and 80% of group two developed symptoms, but only 40% of group three manifested symptoms. With the exception of one, all professionals showed a decrease in the number of IgG antibodies from three to six months. Our findings show that professionals with a higher number of IgG antibodies had more symptoms and that these rapidly declined over the three-to-six-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Lemos
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Central do Funchal, Funchal, PRT
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Central do Funchal, Funchal, PRT
| | - Cláudio Gouveia
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, PRT
| | | | - Ana Marta Mota
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Central do Funchal, Funchal, PRT
| | - Mariana Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação Dra Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Central do Funchal, Funchal, PRT
| | - José Alves
- Pathology, Hospital Central do Funchal, Funchal, PRT
| | - Susana Chaves
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Central do Funchal, Funchal, PRT
| | - Graça Andrade
- Pathology, Hospital Central do Funchal, Funchal, PRT
| | - José J Nóbrega
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Central do Funchal, Serviço de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira (SESARAM) EPERAM, Funchal, PRT
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