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Gonçalves M, Rodrigues-Santos P, Januário C, Cosentino M, Pereira FC. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) - Can dendritic cells and monocytes expressing this moonlight enzyme change the phase of Parkinson's Disease? Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112062. [PMID: 38652967 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease where central and peripheral immune dysfunctions have been pointed out as a critical component of susceptibility and progression of this disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes are key players in promoting immune response regulation and can induce the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) under pro-inflammatory environments. This enzyme with catalytic and signaling activity supports the axis IDO1-KYN-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), promoting disease-specific immunomodulatory effects. IDO1 is a rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway (KP) that begins tryptophan (Trp) catabolism across this pathway. The immune functions of the pathway, which are extensively described in cancer, have been forgotten so far in neurodegenerative diseases, where a chronic inflammatory environment underlines the progression of the disease. Despite dysfunctions of KP have been described in PD, these are mainly associated with neurotoxic functions. With this review, we aim to focus on the immune properties of IDO1+DCs and IDO1+monocytes as a possible strategy to balance the pro-inflammatory profile described in PD. We also highlight the importance of exploring the role of dopaminergic therapeutics in IDO1 modulation to possibly optimize current PD therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Gonçalves
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Univ Coimbra, Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Januário
- Univ Coimbra, CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Univ Insubria, Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, Varese, Italy
| | - Frederico C Pereira
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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Quan W, Qin Y, Li J, Wang L, Song J, Xu J, Chen J. Causal role of myeloid cells in Parkinson's disease: Mendelian randomization study. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:809-818. [PMID: 38538756 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have observed elevated myeloid cells in the peripheral blood of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but the causal relationship between them remains to be elucidated. We investigated whether there is a causal relationship between different subtypes of peripheral blood myeloid cells and PD using Mendelian randomization (MR) combined with bioinformatics analysis. Exploring the etiology of PD from the perspective of genetics can remove confounding factors and provide a more reliable theoretical basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of PD. METHODS Comprehensive two-sample MR analysis and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the causal associations between 64 myeloid cell signatures and PD risk. The Venn diagram and protein-protein interaction network analysis of instrumental variables (IV) corresponding genes were used to further investigate the potential mechanism of myeloid cells influencing the pathogenesis of PD. RESULTS We investigated the impact of four immunophenotypes on the risk of PD, including Im MDSC% CD33dim HLA DR- CD66b- (relative count), CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+% CD33dim HLA DR+ (relative count), and CD11b on Mo MDSC (MFI) and CD11b on CD33br HLA DR+ CD14dim (MFI), while an immunophenotype's protective effect on PD was observed CD45 on Im MDSC (MFI). The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that CD33, NTRK2, PLD2, GRIK2 and RELN had protein interactions with the risk genes of PD. CONCLUSIONS Our study has demonstrated a close genetic correlation between different subtypes of myeloid cells and PD, providing guidance for early identification and immunotherapeutic development in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yidan Qin
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xian Tai Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Abdelmoaty MM, Lu E, Kadry R, Foster EG, Bhattarai S, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Clinical biomarkers for Lewy body diseases. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:209. [PMID: 37964309 PMCID: PMC10644566 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by pathologic aggregates of neural and glial α-synuclein (α-syn) in the form of Lewy bodies (LBs), Lewy neurites, and cytoplasmic inclusions in both neurons and glia. Two major classes of synucleinopathies are LB disease and multiple system atrophy. LB diseases include Parkinson's disease (PD), PD with dementia, and dementia with LBs. All are increasing in prevalence. Effective diagnostics, disease-modifying therapies, and therapeutic monitoring are urgently needed. Diagnostics capable of differentiating LB diseases are based on signs and symptoms which might overlap. To date, no specific diagnostic test exists despite disease-specific pathologies. Diagnostics are aided by brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid evaluations, but more accessible biomarkers remain in need. Mechanisms of α-syn evolution to pathologic oligomers and insoluble fibrils can provide one of a spectrum of biomarkers to link complex neural pathways to effective therapies. With these in mind, we review promising biomarkers linked to effective disease-modifying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Eugene Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rana Kadry
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Emma G Foster
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Shaurav Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Olson KE, Abdelmoaty MM, Namminga KL, Lu Y, Obaro H, Santamaria P, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. An open-label multiyear study of sargramostim-treated Parkinson's disease patients examining drug safety, tolerability, and immune biomarkers from limited case numbers. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:26. [PMID: 37217980 PMCID: PMC10201023 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical utility and safety of sargramostim has previously been reported in cancer, acute radiation syndrome, autoimmune disease, inflammatory conditions, and Alzheimer's disease. The safety, tolerability, and mechanisms of action in Parkinson's disease (PD) during extended use has not been evaluated. METHODS As a primary goal, safety and tolerability was assessed in five PD patients treated with sargramostim (Leukine®, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) for 33 months. Secondary goals included numbers of CD4+ T cells and monocytes and motor functions. Hematologic, metabolic, immune, and neurological evaluations were assessed during a 5-day on, 2-day off therapeutic regimen given at 3 μg/kg. After 2 years, drug use was discontinued for 3 months. This was then followed by an additional 6 months of treatment. RESULTS Sargramostim-associated adverse events included injection-site reactions, elevated total white cell counts, and bone pain. On drug, blood analyses and metabolic panels revealed no untoward side effects linked to long-term treatment. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores remained stable throughout the study while regulatory T cell number and function were increased. In the initial 6 months of treatment, transcriptomic and proteomic monocyte tests demonstrated autophagy and sirtuin signaling. This finding paralleled anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities within both the adaptive and innate immune profile arms. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data affirmed long-term safety as well as immune and anti-inflammatory responses reflecting clinical stability in PD under the sargramostim treatment. Confirmation in larger patient populations is planned in a future phase II evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03790670, Date of Registration: 01/02/2019, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03790670?cond=leukine+parkinson%27s&draw=2&rank=2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mai M Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Krista L Namminga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Helen Obaro
- Great Plains Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pamela Santamaria
- Neurology Consultants of Nebraska, PC and Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Strader S, West AB. The interplay between monocytes, α-synuclein and LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:747-758. [PMID: 37013975 PMCID: PMC11110874 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein in susceptible neurons in the brain, together with robust activation of nearby myeloid cells, are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). While microglia represent the dominant type of myeloid cell in the brain, recent genetic and whole-transcriptomic studies have implicated another type of myeloid cell, bone-marrow derived monocytes, in disease risk and progression. Monocytes in circulation harbor high concentrations of the PD-linked enzyme leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and respond to both intracellular and extracellular aggregated α-synuclein with a variety of strong pro-inflammatory responses. This review highlights recent findings from studies that functionally characterize monocytes in PD patients, monocytes that infiltrate into cerebrospinal fluid, and emerging analyses of whole myeloid cell populations in the PD-affected brain that include monocyte populations. Central controversies discussed include the relative contribution of monocytes acting in the periphery from those that might engraft in the brain to modify disease risk and progression. We conclude that further investigation into monocyte pathways and responses in PD, especially the discovery of additional markers, transcriptomic signatures, and functional classifications, that better distinguish monocyte lineages and responses in the brain from other types of myeloid cells may reveal points for therapeutic intervention, as well as a better understanding of ongoing inflammation associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Strader
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, 27710, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Andrew B. West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, 27710, North Carolina, U.S.A
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Vallelunga A, Iannitti T, Somma G, Russillo MC, Picillo M, De Micco R, Vacca L, Cilia R, Cicero CE, Zangaglia R, Lazzeri G, Galantucci S, Radicati FG, De Rosa A, Amboni M, Scaglione C, Tessitore A, Stocchi F, Eleopra R, Nicoletti A, Pacchetti C, Di Fonzo A, Volontè MA, Barone P, Pellecchia MT. Gender differences in microRNA expression in levodopa-naive PD patients. J Neurol 2023:10.1007/s00415-023-11707-0. [PMID: 37052669 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Gender is an important factor influencing epidemiological and clinical features of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to evaluate gender differences in the expression of a panel of miRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-29a, miR-106a) possibly involved in the pathophysiology or progression of disease. Serum samples were obtained from 104 PD patients (58 men and 46 women) never treated with levodopa. We measured levels of miRNAs using quantitative PCR. Correlations between miRNA expression and clinical data were assessed using the Spearman's correlation test. We used STRING to evaluate co-expression relationship among target genes. MiR-34a-5p was significantly upregulated in PD male patients compared to PD female patients (fc: 1.62; p < 0.0001). No correlation was found with age, BMI, and disease severity, assessed by UPDRS III scale, in male and female patients. MiR-146a-5p was significantly upregulated in female as compared to male patients (fc: 3.44; p < 0.0001) and a significant correlation was also observed between disease duration and mir-146a-5p. No differences were found in the expression of miR-29a, miR-106a-5p and miR-155 between genders. Predicted target genes for miR-34a-5p and miR-146-5p and protein interactions in biological processes were reported. Our study supports the hypothesis that there are gender-specific differences in serum miRNAs expression in PD patients. Follow-up of this cohort is needed to understand if these differences may affect disease progression and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vallelunga
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, Section of Medicines and Health Products, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - T Iannitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Somma
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - M C Russillo
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - M Picillo
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - R De Micco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - L Vacca
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - R Cilia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - C E Cicero
- Neurologic Unit, AOU "Policlinico-San Marco", Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Zangaglia
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Lazzeri
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - S Galantucci
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A De Rosa
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - M Amboni
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - C Scaglione
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Tessitore
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - F Stocchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
- University San Raffaele, Roma, Italy
| | - R Eleopra
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - A Nicoletti
- Neurologic Unit, AOU "Policlinico-San Marco", Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Pacchetti
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Di Fonzo
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - M A Volontè
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - P Barone
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - M T Pellecchia
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
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Stonedahl S, Leser JS, Clarke P, Potter H, Boyd TD, Tyler KL. Treatment with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Reduces Viral Titers in the Brains of West Nile Virus-Infected Mice and Improves Survival. J Virol 2023; 97:e0180522. [PMID: 36802227 PMCID: PMC10062152 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01805-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of epidemic arboviral encephalitis in the United States. As there are currently no proven antiviral therapies or licensed human vaccines, understanding the neuropathogenesis of WNV is critical for rational therapeutic design. In WNV-infected mice, the depletion of microglia leads to enhanced viral replication, increased central nervous system (CNS) tissue injury, and increased mortality, suggesting that microglia play a critical role in protection against WNV neuroinvasive disease. To determine if augmenting microglial activation would provide a potential therapeutic strategy, we administered granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to WNV-infected mice. Recombinant human GM-CSF (rHuGMCSF) (sargramostim [Leukine]) is an FDA-approved drug used to increase white blood cells following leukopenia-inducing chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation. Daily treatment of both uninfected and WNV-infected mice with subcutaneous injections of GM-CSF resulted in microglial proliferation and activation as indicated by the enhanced expression of the microglia activation marker ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and several microglia-associated inflammatory cytokines, including CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10. In addition, more microglia adopted an activated morphology as demonstrated by increased sizes and more pronounced processes. GM-CSF-induced microglial activation in WNV-infected mice was associated with reduced viral titers and apoptotic activity (caspase 3) in the brains of WNV-infected mice and significantly increased survival. WNV-infected ex vivo brain slice cultures (BSCs) treated with GM-CSF also showed reduced viral titers and caspase 3 apoptotic cell death, indicating that GM-CSF specifically targets the CNS and that its actions are not dependent on peripheral immune activity. Our studies suggest that stimulation of microglial activation may be a viable therapeutic approach for the treatment of WNV neuroinvasive disease. IMPORTANCE Although rare, WNV encephalitis poses a devastating health concern, with few treatment options and frequent long-term neurological sequelae. Currently, there are no human vaccines or specific antivirals against WNV infections, so further research into potential new therapeutic agents is critical. This study presents a novel treatment option for WNV infections using GM-CSF and lays the foundation for further studies into the use of GM-CSF as a treatment for WNV encephalitis as well as a potential treatment for other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stonedahl
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J. Smith Leser
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Penny Clarke
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy D. Boyd
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Tyler
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Denver VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Danics L, Abbas AA, Kis B, Pircs K. Fountain of youth—Targeting autophagy in aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1125739. [PMID: 37065462 PMCID: PMC10090449 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1125739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As our society ages inexorably, geroscience and research focusing on healthy aging is becoming increasingly urgent. Macroautophagy (referred to as autophagy), a highly conserved process of cellular clearance and rejuvenation has attracted much attention due to its universal role in organismal life and death. Growing evidence points to autophagy process as being one of the key players in the determination of lifespan and health. Autophagy inducing interventions show significant improvement in organismal lifespan demonstrated in several experimental models. In line with this, preclinical models of age-related neurodegenerative diseases demonstrate pathology modulating effect of autophagy induction, implicating its potential to treat such disorders. In humans this specific process seems to be more complex. Recent clinical trials of drugs targeting autophagy point out some beneficial effects for clinical use, although with limited effectiveness, while others fail to show any significant improvement. We propose that using more human-relevant preclinical models for testing drug efficacy would significantly improve clinical trial outcomes. Lastly, the review discusses the available cellular reprogramming techniques used to model neuronal autophagy and neurodegeneration while exploring the existing evidence of autophagy’s role in aging and pathogenesis in human-derived in vitro models such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons (iPSC-neurons) or induced neurons (iNs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Danics
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Semmelweis University (HCEMM-SU), Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SU), Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Anoir Abbas
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Semmelweis University (HCEMM-SU), Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kis
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Semmelweis University (HCEMM-SU), Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karolina Pircs
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - Semmelweis University (HCEMM-SU), Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Karolina Pircs,
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9
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Lazarus HM, Pitts K, Wang T, Lee E, Buchbinder E, Dougan M, Armstrong DG, Paine R, Ragsdale CE, Boyd T, Rock EP, Gale RP. Recombinant GM-CSF for diseases of GM-CSF insufficiency: Correcting dysfunctional mononuclear phagocyte disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1069444. [PMID: 36685591 PMCID: PMC9850113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1069444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), identified by its ability to support differentiation of hematopoietic cells into several types of myeloid cells, is now known to support maturation and maintain the metabolic capacity of mononuclear phagocytes including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. These cells sense and attack potential pathogens, present antigens to adaptive immune cells, and recruit other immune cells. Recombinant human (rhu) GM-CSF (e.g., sargramostim [glycosylated, yeast-derived rhu GM-CSF]) has immune modulating properties and can restore the normal function of mononuclear phagocytes rendered dysfunctional by deficient or insufficient endogenous GM-CSF. Methods We reviewed the emerging biologic and cellular effects of GM-CSF. Experts in clinical disease areas caused by deficient or insufficient endogenous GM-CSF examined the role of GM-CSF in mononuclear phagocyte disorders including autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP), diverse infections (including COVID-19), wound healing, and anti-cancer immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Results We discuss emerging data for GM-CSF biology including the positive effects on mitochondrial function and cell metabolism, augmentation of phagocytosis and efferocytosis, and immune cell modulation. We further address how giving exogenous rhu GM-CSF may control or treat mononuclear phagocyte dysfunction disorders caused or exacerbated by GM-CSF deficiency or insufficiency. We discuss how rhu GM-CSF may augment the anti-cancer effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy as well as ameliorate immune-related adverse events. Discussion We identify research gaps, opportunities, and the concept that rhu GM-CSF, by supporting and restoring the metabolic capacity and function of mononuclear phagocytes, can have significant therapeutic effects. rhu GM-CSF (e.g., sargramostim) might ameliorate multiple diseases of GM-CSF deficiency or insufficiency and address a high unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillard M. Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Katherine Pitts
- Medical Affairs, Partner Therapeutics, Inc., Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Tisha Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elinor Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Buchbinder
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Dougan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David G. Armstrong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Timothy Boyd
- Clinical Development, Partner Therapeutics, Inc., Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Edwin P. Rock
- Clinical Development, Partner Therapeutics, Inc., Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Hematology Centre, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Mahjoub Y, Martino D. Immunology and microbiome: Implications for motor systems. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:135-157. [PMID: 37562867 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune-inflammatory mechanisms seem to play a relevant role in neurodegenerative disorders affecting motor systems, particularly Parkinson's disease, where activity changes in inflammatory cells and evidence of neuroinflammation in experimental models and patients is available. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is also characterized by neuroinflammatory changes that involve primarily glial cells, both microglia and astrocytes, as well as systemic immune dysregulation associated with more rapid progression. Similarly, the exploration of gut dysbiosis in these two prototypical neurodegenerative motor disorders is advancing rapidly. Altered composition of gut microbial constituents and related metabolic and putative functional pathways is supporting a pathophysiological link that is currently explored in preclinical, germ-free animal models. Less compelling, but still intriguing, evidence suggests that motor neurodevelopmental disorders, e.g., Tourette syndrome, are associated with abnormal trajectories of maturation that include also immune system development. Microglia has a key role also in these disorders, and new therapeutic avenues aiming at its modulation are exciting prospects. Preclinical and clinical research on the role of gut dysbiosis in Tourette syndrome and related behavioral disorders is still in its infancy, but early findings support the rationale to delve deeper into its contribution to neural and immune maturation abnormalities in its spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Mahjoub
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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