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Anatskaya OV, Vinogradov AE. Polyploidy Promotes Hypertranscription, Apoptosis Resistance, and Ciliogenesis in Cancer Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Various Origins: Comparative Transcriptome In Silico Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4185. [PMID: 38673782 PMCID: PMC11050069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) attract an increasing amount of attention due to their unique therapeutic properties. Yet, MSC can undergo undesirable genetic and epigenetic changes during their propagation in vitro. In this study, we investigated whether polyploidy can compromise MSC oncological safety and therapeutic properties. For this purpose, we compared the impact of polyploidy on the transcriptome of cancer cells and MSC of various origins (bone marrow, placenta, and heart). First, we identified genes that are consistently ploidy-induced or ploidy-repressed through all comparisons. Then, we selected the master regulators using the protein interaction enrichment analysis (PIEA). The obtained ploidy-related gene signatures were verified using the data gained from polyploid and diploid populations of early cardiomyocytes (CARD) originating from iPSC. The multistep bioinformatic analysis applied to the cancer cells, MSC, and CARD indicated that polyploidy plays a pivotal role in driving the cell into hypertranscription. It was evident from the upregulation of gene modules implicated in housekeeping functions, stemness, unicellularity, DNA repair, and chromatin opening by means of histone acetylation operating via DNA damage associated with the NUA4/TIP60 complex. These features were complemented by the activation of the pathways implicated in centrosome maintenance and ciliogenesis and by the impairment of the pathways related to apoptosis, the circadian clock, and immunity. Overall, our findings suggest that, although polyploidy does not induce oncologic transformation of MSC, it might compromise their therapeutic properties because of global epigenetic changes and alterations in fundamental biological processes. The obtained results can contribute to the development and implementation of approaches enhancing the therapeutic properties of MSC by removing polyploid cells from the cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Anatskaya
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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Maestri A, Garagnani P, Pedrelli M, Hagberg CE, Parini P, Ehrenborg E. Lipid droplets, autophagy, and ageing: A cell-specific tale. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102194. [PMID: 38218464 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are the essential organelle for storing lipids in a cell. Within the variety of the human body, different cells store, utilize and release lipids in different ways, depending on their intrinsic function. However, these differences are not well characterized and, especially in the context of ageing, represent a key factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Whole body lipid homeostasis is a central interest in the field of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review we characterize lipid droplets and their utilization via autophagy and describe their diverse fate in three cells types central in cardiometabolic dysfunctions: adipocytes, hepatocytes, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maestri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Anatskaya OV, Runov AL, Ponomartsev SV, Vonsky MS, Elmuratov AU, Vinogradov AE. Long-Term Transcriptomic Changes and Cardiomyocyte Hyperpolyploidy after Lactose Intolerance in Neonatal Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087063. [PMID: 37108224 PMCID: PMC10138443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cardiovascular diseases originate from growth retardation, inflammation, and malnutrition during early postnatal development. The nature of this phenomenon is not completely understood. Here we aimed to verify the hypothesis that systemic inflammation triggered by neonatal lactose intolerance (NLI) may exert long-term pathologic effects on cardiac developmental programs and cardiomyocyte transcriptome regulation. Using the rat model of NLI triggered by lactase overloading with lactose and the methods of cytophotometry, image analysis, and mRNA-seq, we evaluated cardiomyocyte ploidy, signs of DNA damage, and NLI-associated long-term transcriptomic changes of genes and gene modules that differed qualitatively (i.e., were switched on or switched off) in the experiment vs. the control. Our data indicated that NLI triggers the long-term animal growth retardation, cardiomyocyte hyperpolyploidy, and extensive transcriptomic rearrangements. Many of these rearrangements are known as manifestations of heart pathologies, including DNA and telomere instability, inflammation, fibrosis, and reactivation of fetal gene program. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis identified possible causes of these pathologic traits, including the impaired signaling via thyroid hormone, calcium, and glutathione. We also found transcriptomic manifestations of increased cardiomyocyte polyploidy, such as the induction of gene modules related to open chromatin, e.g., "negative regulation of chromosome organization", "transcription" and "ribosome biogenesis". These findings suggest that ploidy-related epigenetic alterations acquired in the neonatal period permanently rewire gene regulatory networks and alter cardiomyocyte transcriptome. Here we provided first evidence indicating that NLI can be an important trigger of developmental programming of adult cardiovascular disease. The obtained results can help to develop preventive strategies for reducing the NLI-associated adverse effects of inflammation on the developing cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey L Runov
- The D.I. Mendeleev All-Russian Institute for Metrology (VNIIM), Moskovsky ave 19, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russia
- Almazov Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Street 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | | | - Maxim S Vonsky
- The D.I. Mendeleev All-Russian Institute for Metrology (VNIIM), Moskovsky ave 19, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russia
- Almazov Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Street 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Artem U Elmuratov
- Medical Genetics Centre Genotek, Nastavnichesky Alley 17-1-15, Moscow 105120, Russia
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He Y, Su Y, Duan C, Wang S, He W, Zhang Y, An X, He M. Emerging role of aging in the progression of NAFLD to HCC. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101833. [PMID: 36565959 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the aging of global population, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has surged in recent decades. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease that follows a progressive course, ranging from simple fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well established that aging induces pathological changes in liver and potentiates the occurrence and progression of NAFLD, HCC and other age-related liver diseases. Studies of senescent cells also indicate a pivotal engagement in the development of NAFLD via diverse mechanisms. Moreover, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), silence information regulator protein family (sirtuins), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are three vital and broadly studied targets involved in aging process and NAFLD. Nevertheless, the crucial role of these aging-associated factors in aging-related NAFLD remains underestimated. Here, we reviewed the current research on the roles of aging, cellular senescence and three aging-related factors in the evolution of NAFLD to HCC, aiming at inspiring promising therapeutic targets for aging-related NAFLD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yingting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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Polyploidy and Myc Proto-Oncogenes Promote Stress Adaptation via Epigenetic Plasticity and Gene Regulatory Network Rewiring. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179691. [PMID: 36077092 PMCID: PMC9456078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploid cells demonstrate biological plasticity and stress adaptation in evolution; development; and pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. The nature of ploidy-related advantages is still not completely understood. Here, we summarize the literature on molecular mechanisms underlying ploidy-related adaptive features. Polyploidy can regulate gene expression via chromatin opening, reawakening ancient evolutionary programs of embryonality. Chromatin opening switches on genes with bivalent chromatin domains that promote adaptation via rapid induction in response to signals of stress or morphogenesis. Therefore, stress-associated polyploidy can activate Myc proto-oncogenes, which further promote chromatin opening. Moreover, Myc proto-oncogenes can trigger polyploidization de novo and accelerate genome accumulation in already polyploid cells. As a result of these cooperative effects, polyploidy can increase the ability of cells to search for adaptive states of cellular programs through gene regulatory network rewiring. This ability is manifested in epigenetic plasticity associated with traits of stemness, unicellularity, flexible energy metabolism, and a complex system of DNA damage protection, combining primitive error-prone unicellular repair pathways, advanced error-free multicellular repair pathways, and DNA damage-buffering ability. These three features can be considered important components of the increased adaptability of polyploid cells. The evidence presented here contribute to the understanding of the nature of stress resistance associated with ploidy and may be useful in the development of new methods for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.
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Polyploidy as a Fundamental Phenomenon in Evolution, Development, Adaptation and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073542. [PMID: 35408902 PMCID: PMC8998937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication during cell proliferation is 'vertical' copying, which reproduces an initial amount of genetic information. Polyploidy, which results from whole-genome duplication, is a fundamental complement to vertical copying. Both organismal and cell polyploidy can emerge via premature cell cycle exit or via cell-cell fusion, the latter giving rise to polyploid hybrid organisms and epigenetic hybrids of somatic cells. Polyploidy-related increase in biological plasticity, adaptation, and stress resistance manifests in evolution, development, regeneration, aging, oncogenesis, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the prevalence in nature and importance for medicine, agri- and aquaculture, biological processes and epigenetic mechanisms underlying these fundamental features largely remain unknown. The evolutionarily conserved features of polyploidy include activation of transcription, response to stress, DNA damage and hypoxia, and induction of programs of morphogenesis, unicellularity, and longevity, suggesting that these common features confer adaptive plasticity, viability, and stress resistance to polyploid cells and organisms. By increasing cell viability, polyploidization can provide survival under stressful conditions where diploid cells cannot survive. However, in somatic cells it occurs at the expense of specific function, thus promoting developmental programming of adult cardiovascular diseases and increasing the risk of cancer. Notably, genes arising via evolutionary polyploidization are heavily involved in cancer and other diseases. Ploidy-related changes of gene expression presumably originate from chromatin modifications and the derepression of bivalent genes. The provided evidence elucidates the role of polyploidy in evolution, development, aging, and carcinogenesis, and may contribute to the development of new strategies for promoting regeneration and preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
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Hunt NJ, Kang SWS, Lockwood GP, Le Couteur DG, Cogger VC. Hallmarks of Aging in the Liver. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1151-1161. [PMID: 31462971 PMCID: PMC6709368 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the liver demonstrates remarkable resilience during aging, there is growing evidence that it undergoes all the cellular hallmarks of aging, which increases the risk of liver and systemic disease. The aging process in the liver is driven by alterations of the genome and epigenome that contribute to dysregulation of mitochondrial function and nutrient sensing pathways, leading to cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation. These changes promote multiple phenotypic changes in all liver cells (hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial, hepatic stellate and Küpffer cells) and impairment of hepatic function. In particular, age-related changes in the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are a significant but under-recognized risk factor for the development of age-related cardiometabolic disease. Liver aging is driven by transcription and metabolic epigenome alterations. This leads to cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation. Hepatocyte, sinusoidal endothelial, stellate and Küpffer cells undergoes the hallmarks of aging. Each cell type demonstrates phenotypical cellular changes with age.
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Key Words
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- CR, caloric restriction
- Endothelial
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- Genetic
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocyte
- IGF-1, insulin like growth factor 1
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IL-8, interleukin 8
- KC, Küpffer cell
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nutrient sensing pathways
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- Senescence
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miR, microRNA
- αSMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hunt
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sun Woo Sophie Kang
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glen P Lockwood
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Reduction in Histone H3 Acetylation and Chromatin Remodeling in Corneas of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Cornea 2018; 37:624-632. [PMID: 29384804 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate acetylation of histone H3, chromatin remodeling, nuclear size and shape, DNA ploidy, and distribution of nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) in corneal epithelial and stromal cells of diabetic and nondiabetic rats. METHODS Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan. All diabetic rats (n = 20) included in the study had 4 weeks of moderate-to-severe hyperglycemia (plasma glucose levels >400 mg/dL). Acetylated histone H3 levels were quantified in corneal tissue using a colorimetric assay. Chromatin remodeling, nuclear sizes (area/perimeter) and shapes (circularity), and DNA ploidies were evaluated from Feulgen-stained tissue sections using video image analysis. Distributions of NORs were studied in tissue sections impregnated with silver ions. Ophthalmic clinical parameters, including corneal sensitivity, were investigated. Twenty nondiabetic rats were used as controls. RESULTS Acetylation of histone H3 was reduced in the corneas of the diabetic rats. Nuclei in corneal epithelial cells of diabetic rats compacted chromatin, increased in size, modified their shapes, and elevated DNA ploidy. The only nuclear change observed in the corneal stromal cells of diabetic rats was chromatin decompaction. The size of the silver-stained NOR did not differ between the study samples. The corneal sensitivity in diabetic rats was 51.8% lower than that in nondiabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that alloxan-induced diabetes altered the histone H3 acetylation pattern and compromised the chromatin supraorganization in corneal tissue/cells. Continued research is needed to understand the clinical and morphofunctional significance of changes in corneal cell nuclei of diabetic individuals.
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dos Santos DM, Aldrovani M, Filezio MR, Abreu TGM, Balthazar da Silveira CP, Cruz NRDN, Laus JL. Nuclear parameters and chromatin remodeling in epithelial cells and lymphocytes from the palpebral conjunctiva of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Vet Ophthalmol 2018; 22:39-49. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Moura dos Santos
- Department of Clinics and Veterinary Surgery; School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV); Sao Paulo State University (Unesp); Jaboticabal Brasil
| | - Marcela Aldrovani
- Department of Clinics and Veterinary Surgery; School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV); Sao Paulo State University (Unesp); Jaboticabal Brasil
| | - Marcella Rosa Filezio
- Department of Clinics and Veterinary Surgery; School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV); Sao Paulo State University (Unesp); Jaboticabal Brasil
| | - Thais Guimarães Morato Abreu
- Department of Clinics and Veterinary Surgery; School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV); Sao Paulo State University (Unesp); Jaboticabal Brasil
| | - Camila Pinho Balthazar da Silveira
- Department of Clinics and Veterinary Surgery; School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV); Sao Paulo State University (Unesp); Jaboticabal Brasil
| | - Nathan Rocha das Neves Cruz
- Department of Clinics and Veterinary Surgery; School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV); Sao Paulo State University (Unesp); Jaboticabal Brasil
| | - José Luiz Laus
- Department of Clinics and Veterinary Surgery; School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV); Sao Paulo State University (Unesp); Jaboticabal Brasil
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Polyploidy and nuclear phenotype characteristics of cardiomyocytes from diabetic adult and normoglycemic aged mice. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:84-94. [PMID: 29241633 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of polyploid nuclei in the aging human heart is in sharp contrast with that in the human liver. An inverse pattern exists between the mouse heart and liver cells. Ploidy degrees in mouse hepatocytes under hyperglycemic conditions are elevated to higher levels than those in aged hepatocytes. In this study, image analysis cytometry was used to investigate the effect of diabetes and aging on Feulgen-DNA quantities, ploidy degrees, nuclear shapes and chromatin texture in mouse cardiomyocytes compared to previously reported data for mouse hepatocytes. Adult, non-obese diabetic (NOD) hyperglycemic and normoglycemic females and 56-week-old normoglycemic BALB/c females were used. A small percentage (∼7%) of the cardiomyocyte nuclei in severely hyperglycemic NOD adult mice possessed higher ploidy values than those in the 8-week-old normoglycemic mice. Surprisingly, the Feulgen-DNA values and the frequency of nuclei belonging to the 4C and 8C ploidy classes were even higher (∼6%) in normoglycemic NOD specimens than in age-matched hyperglycemic NOD specimens. Additionally, a pronounced elongated nuclear shape was observed especially in adult normoglycemic NOD mice. In conclusion, NOD mice, irrespective of their glycemic level, exhibit a moderate increase in ploidy degrees within cardiomyocyte nuclei during the adult lifetime. As expected, aging did not affect the Feulgen-DNA values and the ploidy degrees of cardiomyocytes in BALB/c mice. The differences in ploidy degrees and chromatin textures such as absorbance variability and entropy, between adult NOD and aged BALB/c mice are consistent with other reports, indicating dissimilarities in chromatin functions between diabetes and aging.
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The Feulgen reaction: A brief review and new perspectives. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:603-609. [PMID: 28739089 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Feulgen reaction has been proposed by Robert Feulgen and Heinrich Rossenbeck for the identification of DNA nearly a hundred years ago. Since then, many other applications of this cytochemical/topochemical procedure at qualitative and quantitative level have been proposed in relation to DNA and its role in chromatin in human, animal and plant cells. In this article, we briefly review some fundamental aspects of the Feulgen reaction and current applications of such a method in studies of altered chromatin texture, including its association with or preceding changes in transcriptional activities and effect on epigenetic marks. Further perspectives on the use of the Feulgen reaction will depend of the proposal of innovative biological questions in which its reveals appropriate.
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Felisbino MB, Alves da Costa T, Gatti MSV, Mello MLS. Differential Response of Human Hepatocyte Chromatin to HDAC Inhibitors as a Function of Microenvironmental Glucose Level. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2257-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barreto Felisbino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (Unicamp); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thiago Alves da Costa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (Unicamp); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Silvia Viccari Gatti
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (Unicamp); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Silveira Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (Unicamp); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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Polyploidy Analysis and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress in Hepatic Tissue of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with an Aqueous Extract of Vochysia rufa. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:316017. [PMID: 25763088 PMCID: PMC4339860 DOI: 10.1155/2015/316017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and alterations in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Due to its hypoglycemic effect Vochysia rufa is frequently used in Uberlandia, Brazil, to treat DM. Despite its popularity, there is little information about its effect on hepatic tissue. Therefore, we evaluated the histoarchitecture, oxidative stress parameters, and polyploidy of liver tissue from streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of Vochysia rufa (AEV). Histology was determined by fixing the livers, processing, and staining with HE. Oxidative stress was determined by evaluating CAT, GPx, and SOD activity in liver homogenates and hepatic mitochondria fraction and by measuring GST, GSH levels and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Polyploidy was determined by subjecting isolated hepatocyte nuclei to flow cytometry. In the diabetic group, GST activity and GSH rates decreased whereas liver homogenate analysis showed that GPx, SOD activity and MDA increased. AEV treatment restored all parameters to normal levels. The oxidative stress analysis of hepatic mitochondria fraction showed similar results. Lower polyploid cell populations were found in the diabetic rat livers, even after glibenclamide treatment. Thus, AEV treatment efficiently reduced hepatic oxidative stress caused by STZ-induced diabetes and produced no morphological changes in the histological analysis.
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Rodrigues HF, Souza TA, Ghiraldini FG, Mello MLS, Moraes AS. Increased age is associated with epigenetic and structural changes in chromatin from neuronal nuclei. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:659-65. [PMID: 24166948 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin organization has been considered to play a major role on aging, by regulating DNA accessibility to transcription and repair machinery. Such organization can be modulated by epigenetic events, such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications. Since changes on gene expression profiles have been described in aged neurons, our aim was to study the age-dependent relationship between structural and epigenetic alterations on chromatin of cortical neurons from mice. For this purpose, isolated neuronal nuclei from mice of two ages were studied by image analysis after cytochemistry, or assessed for chromatin accessibility by enzymatic digestion. Additionally, two epigenetic marks, for open and for densely packed chromatin fibers were quantified. Results indicate epigenetically driven alterations on chromatin organization of cortical neurons with advancing age, whose fibers seem to undergo redistribution and unpackaging. Since increased transcriptional activity is not characteristic of aged neurons, these loosened chromatin fibers may be associated with impaired genome stability, as well as with increased accessibility of repair machinery to a life span damaged DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique F Rodrigues
- Cytology, Histology, and Embryology Section, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
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Vidal BDC, Ghiraldini FG, Mello MLS. Changes in liver cell DNA methylation status in diabetic mice affect its FT-IR characteristics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102295. [PMID: 25019512 PMCID: PMC4096918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower levels of cytosine methylation have been found in the liver cell DNA from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice under hyperglycemic conditions. Because the Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) profiles of dry DNA samples are differently affected by DNA base composition, single-stranded form and histone binding, it is expected that the methylation status in the DNA could also affect its FT-IR profile. Methodology/Principal Findings The DNA FT-IR signatures obtained from the liver cell nuclei of hyperglycemic and normoglycemic NOD mice of the same age were compared. Dried DNA samples were examined in an IR microspectroscope equipped with an all-reflecting objective (ARO) and adequate software. Conclusions/Significance Changes in DNA cytosine methylation levels induced by hyperglycemia in mouse liver cells produced changes in the respective DNA FT-IR profiles, revealing modifications to the vibrational intensities and frequencies of several chemical markers, including νas –CH3 stretching vibrations in the 5-methylcytosine methyl group. A smaller band area reflecting lower energy absorbed in the DNA was found in the hyperglycemic mice and assumed to be related to the lower levels of –CH3 groups. Other spectral differences were found at 1700–1500 cm−1 and in the fingerprint region, and a slight change in the DNA conformation at the lower DNA methylation levels was suggested for the hyperglycemic mice. The changes that affect cytosine methylation levels certainly affect the DNA-protein interactions and, consequently, gene expression in liver cells from the hyperglycemic NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Gerelli Ghiraldini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza S. Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ghiraldini FG, Silveira AB, Kleinjan DA, Gilbert N, Mello MLS. Genomic profiling of type-1 adult diabetic and aged normoglycemic mouse liver. BMC Endocr Disord 2014; 14:19. [PMID: 24581510 PMCID: PMC4016577 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia induces chromatin remodeling with consequences on differential gene expression in mouse hepatocytes, similar to what occurs during aging. The liver is the central organ for the regulation of glucose homeostasis and xenobiotic and lipid metabolism and is affected by insulin signaling. The precise transcriptional profiling of the type-1 diabetic liver and its comparison to aging have not been elucidated yet. METHODS Here, we studied the differential genomic expression of mouse liver cells under adult hyperglycemic and aged normoglycemic conditions using expression arrays. RESULTS Differential gene expression involved in an increase in glucose and impaired lipid metabolism were detected in the type-1 diabetic liver. In this regard, Ppargc1a presents an increased expression and is a key gene that might be regulating both processes. The differential gene expression observed may also be associated with hepatic steatosis in diabetic mouse liver, as a secondary disease. Similarly, middle-aged mice presented differential expression of genes involved in glucose, lipid and xenobiotic metabolism. These genes could be associated with an increase in polyploidy, but the consequences of differential expression were not as drastic as those observed in diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings provide new insights into gene expression profile changes in type-1 diabetic liver. Ppargc1a was found to be the key-gene that increases glucose metabolism and impairs lipid metabolism impairment. The novel results reported here open new areas of investigation in diabetic research and facilitate the development of new strategies for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia G Ghiraldini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - André B Silveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirk A Kleinjan
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nick Gilbert
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Luiza S Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Campos SG, Gonçalves BF, Scarano WR, Góes RM, Taboga SR. Phenotypic and metabolic aspects of prostatic epithelial cells in aged gerbils after antisteroidal therapy: turnover in the state of chromatin condensation and androgen-independent cell replacement. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:204-13. [PMID: 23942056 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The gerbil is a rodent considered a good model for studies of prostatic morphophysiology under different experimental conditions. Studies involving castration and steroidal blockers of aged gerbils showed that the glandular epithelium persists after long-term therapy, preventing the organ atrophy. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics and behavior of prostatic epithelial cells that remained after different periods of hormone ablation in aged gerbils. The identification of elements that influenced the survival of this cell type was performed by morphometric, nuclear phenotypes, ultrastructural and immune histochemical analysis. The most significant responses to treatment, by analyzing morphometric features, were observed during the first three time points (day 1, day 3, and day 7), after which there appeared to be an adjustment of the gland to the hormone ablation. All treatments led to changes in the state of chromatin condensation, DNA methylation pattern and phenotypic changes indicated cell senescence. Additionally, an increase in the basal cells seemed to guarantee self-renewal properties to the epithelium. These data indicate that changes occur at many levels, including gene expression and nuclear architecture in the epithelial cells, when aging and steroidal blockade are associated. These aspects are important when considering castration-resistant prostate cancer, a malignant tumor posing difficult therapeutic intervention.
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Abstract
Chromatin packaging plays a significant role in regulating gene transcription. Study of the higher-order packing states of chromatin by image analysis at the light microscope level, especially when validated by methods of molecular biology, immunochemistry, and/or immunocytochemistry, enabled the detection of changes involved in the processes associated with or preceding alterations in transcriptional activities. Here, we recommend and describe the use of relatively simple methods for staining and detecting chromatin remodelling by image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Ghiraldini FG, Crispim ACV, Mello MLS. Effects of hyperglycemia and aging on nuclear sirtuins and DNA damage of mouse hepatocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2467-76. [PMID: 23761075 PMCID: PMC3727938 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-04-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal aging, nuclear sirtuin levels decline and specific histone acetylation increases. In diabetic mice, Sirt1 and Sirt6 levels increase, which may induce gluconeogenesis through the PGC-1α pathway and DNA repair of the oxidative damage caused by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia, like aging, induces chromatin remodeling in mouse hepatocytes in comparison to normoglycemia and younger age, respectively. Changes in glucose metabolism also affect the action and expression of sirtuins, promoting changes in chromatin conformation and dynamics. Here we investigate the abundance and activity of the nuclear sirtuins Sirt1, Sirt6, and Sirt7 in mouse hepatocytes in association with specific histone acetylation, DNA damage, and the activation of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) in hyperglycemic nonobese diabetic (NOD) and old normoglycemic BALB/c mouse strains. Higher levels of Sirt1 and PGC-1α and increased expression of gluconeogenesis pathway genes are found in the hyperglycemic NOD mice. Increased Sirt6 abundance is found in the hyperglycemic NOD mice, which might increase DNA damage repair. With aging, lower Sirt1 abundance and activity, increased acetylated histone modifications and Sirt7 levels, and NOR methylation are found. Thus, whereas in normal aging cell metabolism is reduced, in the diabetic mice a compensatory mechanism may elevate Sirt1 and Sirt6 levels, increasing gluconeogenesis and DNA repair from the oxidative damage caused by hyperglycemia. Therefore understanding the regulation of epigenetic factors in diabetes and aging is crucial for the development of new therapeutic approaches that could prevent diseases and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Gerelli Ghiraldini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Ghiraldini FG, Mello MLS. Effects of hyperglycemia on the regulation and expression of the Apoe, Igfbp1 and Foxo1 genes and on nuclear phenotypes in HepG2 cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2013. [PMCID: PMC3600739 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-6-s1-p21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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