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Hernández-Huerta MT, Martínez-Cruz R, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Pina-Canseco MDS, Solórzano-Mata CJ, Martínez-Cruz M, Vásquez Martínez IP, Zenteno E, Laguna Barrios LÁ, Matias-Cervantes CA, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Pérez-Campos E. Association between O-GlcNAc levels and platelet function in obese insulin-resistant subjects. Glycoconj J 2024:10.1007/s10719-024-10164-9. [PMID: 39300054 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic associated with platelet and vascular disorders. Platelet O-GlcNAcylation has been poorly studied in obese subjects. We aimed to evaluate O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels and platelet activity in obese insulin-resistant (ObIR) subjects. Six healthy and six insulin-resistant obese subjects with a body mass index of 22.6 kg/m2 (SD ± 2.2) and 35.6 kg/m2 (SD ± 3.8), respectively, were included. Flow cytometry was used to measure markers of platelet activity, expression of P-selectin (CD62P antibody), glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (integrins αIIbβ3 binding to PAC-1 antibody), and thrombin stimulation. O-GlcNAc was determined in the platelets of all test subjects by cytofluometry, intracellular calcium, percentage of platelet aggregation, and immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot were used to assess O-GlcNAc and OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) in platelets. Platelets from ObIR subjects had on average 221.4 nM intracellular calcium, 81.89% PAC-1, 22.85% CD62P, 57.48% OGT, and 66.62% O-GlcNAc, while platelets from healthy subjects had on average 719.2 nM intracellular calcium, 4.99% PAC-1, 3.17% CD62P, 18.38% OGT, and 23.41% O-GlcNAc. ObIR subjects showed lower platelet aggregation than healthy subjects, 13.83% and 54%, respectively. The results show that ObIR subjects have increased O-GlcNAc, and increased intraplatelet calcium associated with platelet hyperactivity and compared to healthy subjects, suggesting that changes in platelet protein O-GlcNAcylation and platelet activity might serve as a possible prognostic tool for insulin resistance, prediabetes and its progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Martínez-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 68020, México
| | - Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 68020, México
| | - María Del Socorro Pina-Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 68020, México
| | - Carlos Josué Solórzano-Mata
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 68020, México
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City, 68120, México
| | | | - Itzel Patricia Vásquez Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 68020, México
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04360, México
| | - Luis Ángel Laguna Barrios
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 68020, México
| | | | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 68020, México
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 68030, México.
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, "Dr. Eduardo Pérez Ortega,", Oaxaca, 68000, México.
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Lyons CE, Feng AJ, Metcalf Pate KA. Validation of PAMFix, A Novel Platelet Stabilization Product, for Use on Flow Cytometric Analysis of Pigtailed Macaque ( Macaca nemestrina) Blood. Comp Med 2023; 73:378-382. [PMID: 38087408 PMCID: PMC10702162 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-23-000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of platelet activation can be important for patients suffering from prothrombotic states, bleeding diatheses, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases in which platelets play a role. The analysis of platelet activation ex vivo typically requires blood processing immediately after venipuncture; this requirement can create problematic situations for both medical and research personnel. Flow cytometry is one method used to quantify platelet activation by measuring the expression of platelet surface markers with fluorescent antibodies. PAMFix is a fixative that stabilizes platelet activation markers, including P-selectin (CD62P), in whole blood. PAMFix has already been validated for use in humans and canines for stabilization of whole blood, thus allowing flow cytometry to be performed up to 28 and 22 d, respectively, after venipuncture and reducing the need for expensive equipment and highly trained personnel at the location of venipuncture. Pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) are frequently used in infectious disease research that may require containment conditions that preclude immediate processing of samples. In this study, we tested the efficacy of PAMFix on whole blood from pigtailed macaques to determine the short- and long-term effects of PAMFix on platelet P-selectin expression as analyzed by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aileen J Feng
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and
| | - Kelly A Metcalf Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland and
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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3
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Jourdi G, Ramström S, Sharma R, Bakchoul T, Lordkipanidzé M. Consensus report on flow cytometry for platelet function testing in thrombocytopenic patients: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2941-2952. [PMID: 37481072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet count alone does not reliably predict bleeding risk, suggesting platelet function is important to monitor in patients with thrombocytopenia. There is still an unmet need for improved platelet function diagnostics in patients with low platelet count in many clinical situations. Flow cytometry is a promising tool allowing reliable platelet function study in this setting. OBJECTIVES The goal of this joint project between the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) Scientific Standardization Committee (SSC) Subcommittees on Platelet Physiology and Platelet Immunology is to provide expert consensus guidance on the use of flow cytometry for the evaluation of platelet function, particularly activation, in patients with low platelet counts. METHODS A literature review was performed to identify relevant questions and areas of interest. An electronic expression of interest form was thereafter announced on the ISTH webpage, followed by a survey encompassing 37 issues regarding preanalytical, analytical, postanalytical, and performance aspects. Areas of disagreement or uncertainty were identified and formed the basis for 2 focus group discussions. RESULTS Consensus recommendations relative to patient sample collection, preanalytical variables, sample type, platelet-count cutoff, any potential specific modification of the standard flow cytometry protocol, and results expression and reporting are proposed based on the current practices of experts in the field as well as on literature review. CONCLUSION The proposed consensus recommendations would allow standardization of protocols in upcoming clinical studies. The clinical utility of platelet function testing using flow cytometry to predict bleeding risk still needs rigorous multicenter outcome studies in patients with thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Jourdi
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France; Service d'Hématologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Ramström
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Hindle MS, Cheah LT, Yates DM, Naseem KM. Preanalytical conditions for multiparameter platelet flow cytometry. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:102205. [PMID: 37854456 PMCID: PMC10579537 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Flow cytometry is an important technique for understanding multiple aspects of blood platelet biology. Despite the widespread use of the platform for assessing platelet function, the optimization and careful consideration of preanalytical conditions, sample processing techniques, and data analysis strategies should be regularly assessed. When set up and designed with optimal conditions, it can ensure the acquisition of robust and reproducible flow cytometry data. However, these parameters are rarely described despite their importance. Objectives We aimed to characterize the effects of several preanalytical variables on the analysis of blood platelets by multiparameter fluorescent flow cytometry. Methods We assessed anticoagulant choice, sample material, sample processing, and storage times on 4 distinct and commonly used markers of platelet activation, including fibrinogen binding, expression of CD62P and CD42b, and phosphatidylserine exposure. Results The use of suboptimal conditions led to increases in basal platelet activity and reduced sensitivities to stimulation; however, the use of optimal conditions protected the platelets from artifactual stimulation and preserved basal activity and sensitivity to activation. Conclusion The optimal preanalytical conditions identified here for the measurement of platelet phenotype by flow cytometry suggest a framework for future development of multiparameter platelet assays for high-quality data sets and advanced analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Hindle
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, UK
| | - Lih T. Cheah
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Daisie M. Yates
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Khalid M. Naseem
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
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Hindle MS, Spurgeon BEJ, Cheah LT, Webb BA, Naseem KM. Multidimensional flow cytometry reveals novel platelet subpopulations in response to prostacyclin. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1800-1812. [PMID: 33834609 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robust platelet activation leads to the generation of subpopulations characterized by differential expression of phosphatidylserine (PS). Prostacyclin (PGI2 ) modulates many aspects of platelet function, but its influence on platelet subpopulations is unknown. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We used fluorescent flow cytometry coupled to multidimensional fast Fourier transform-accelerated interpolation-based t-stochastic neighborhood embedding analysis to examine the influence of PGI2 on platelet subpopulations. RESULTS Platelet activation (SFLLRN/CRP-XL) in whole blood revealed three platelet subpopulations with unique combinations of fibrinogen (fb) binding and PS exposure. These subsets, PSlo /fbhi (68%), PShi /fblo (23%), and PShi /fbhi (8%), all expressed CD62P and partially shed CD42b. PGI2 significantly reduced fibrinogen binding and prevented the majority of PS exposure, but did not significantly reduce CD62P, CD154, or CD63 leading to the generation of four novel subpopulations, CD62Phi /PSlo /fblo (64%), CD62Phi /PSlo /fbhi (22%), CD62Phi /PShi /fblo (3%), and CD62Plo /PSlo /fblo (12%). Mechanistically this was linked to PGI2 -mediated inhibition of mitochondrial depolarization upstream of PS exposure. Combining phosphoflow with surface staining, we showed that PGI2 -treated platelets were characterized by both elevated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation and CD62P. The resistance to cyclic AMP signaling was also observed for CD154 and CD63 expression. Consistent with the functional role of CD62P, exposure of blood to PGI2 failed to prevent SFLLRN/CRP-XL-induced platelet-monocyte aggregation despite reducing markers of hemostatic function. CONCLUSION The combination of multicolor flow cytometry assays with unbiased computational tools has identified novel platelet subpopulations that suggest differential regulation of platelet functions by PGI2 . Development of this approach with increased surface and intracellular markers will allow the identification of rare platelet subtypes and novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Hindle
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lih T Cheah
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Beth A Webb
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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6
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Vara D, Mailer RK, Tarafdar A, Wolska N, Heestermans M, Konrath S, Spaeth M, Renné T, Schröder K, Pula G. NADPH Oxidases Are Required for Full Platelet Activation In Vitro and Thrombosis In Vivo but Dispensable for Plasma Coagulation and Hemostasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:683-697. [PMID: 33267663 PMCID: PMC7837688 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using 3KO (triple NOX [NADPH oxidase] knockout) mice (ie, NOX1-/-/NOX2-/-/NOX4-/-), we aimed to clarify the role of this family of enzymes in the regulation of platelets in vitro and hemostasis in vivo. Approach and Results: 3KO mice displayed significantly reduced platelet superoxide radical generation, which was associated with impaired platelet aggregation, adhesion, and thrombus formation in response to the key agonists collagen and thrombin. A comparison with single-gene knockouts suggested that the phenotype of 3KO platelets is the combination of the effects of the genetic deletion of NOX1 and NOX2, while NOX4 does not show any significant function in platelet regulation. 3KO platelets displayed significantly higher levels of cGMP-a negative platelet regulator that activates PKG (protein kinase G). The inhibition of PKG substantially but only partially rescued the defective phenotype of 3KO platelets, which are responsive to both collagen and thrombin in the presence of the PKG inhibitors KT5823 or Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPs, but not in the presence of the NOS (NO synthase) inhibitor L-NG-monomethyl arginine. In vivo, triple NOX deficiency protected against ferric chloride-driven carotid artery thrombosis and experimental pulmonary embolism, while hemostasis tested in a tail-tip transection assay was not affected. Procoagulatory activity of platelets (ie, phosphatidylserine surface exposure) and the coagulation cascade in platelet-free plasma were normal. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that inhibiting NOXs has strong antithrombotic effects partially caused by increased intracellular cGMP but spares hemostasis. NOXs are, therefore, pharmacotherapeutic targets to develop new antithrombotic drugs without bleeding side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Vara
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom (D.V.)
| | - Reiner K. Mailer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (R.K.M., N.W., M.H., S.K., T.R., G.P.)
| | - Anuradha Tarafdar
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester (A.T.)
| | - Nina Wolska
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (R.K.M., N.W., M.H., S.K., T.R., G.P.)
| | - Marco Heestermans
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (R.K.M., N.W., M.H., S.K., T.R., G.P.)
| | - Sandra Konrath
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (R.K.M., N.W., M.H., S.K., T.R., G.P.)
| | - Manuela Spaeth
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S., K.S.)
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (R.K.M., N.W., M.H., S.K., T.R., G.P.)
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (M.S., K.S.)
| | - Giordano Pula
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (R.K.M., N.W., M.H., S.K., T.R., G.P.)
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Vara D, Tarafdar A, Celikag M, Patinha D, Gulacsy CE, Hounslea E, Warren Z, Ferreira B, Koeners MP, Caggiano L, Pula G. NADPH oxidase 1 is a novel pharmacological target for the development of an antiplatelet drug without bleeding side effects. FASEB J 2020; 34:13959-13977. [PMID: 32851720 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001086rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports a central role of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) in the regulation of platelets, which are circulating cells involved in both hemostasis and thrombosis. Here, the use of Nox1-/- and Nox1+/+ mice as experimental models of human responses demonstrated a critical role of NOX1 in collagen-dependent platelet activation and pathological arterial thrombosis, as tested in vivo by carotid occlusion assays. In contrast, NOX1 does not affect platelet responses to thrombin and normal hemostasis, as assayed in tail bleeding experiments. Therefore, as NOX1 inhibitors are likely to have antiplatelet effects without associated bleeding risks, the NOX1-selective inhibitor 2-acetylphenothiazine (2APT) and a series of its derivatives generated to increase inhibitory potency and drug bioavailability were tested. Among the 2APT derivatives, 1-(10H-phenothiazin-2-yl)vinyl tert-butyl carbonate (2APT-D6) was selected for its high potency. Both 2APT and 2APT-D6 inhibited collagen-dependent platelet aggregation, adhesion, thrombus formation, superoxide anion generation, and surface activation marker expression, while responses to thrombin or adhesion to fibrinogen were not affected. In vivo administration of 2APT or 2APT-D6 led to the inhibition of mouse platelet aggregation, oxygen radical output, and thrombus formation, and carotid occlusion, while tail hemostasis was unaffected. Differently to in vitro experiments, 2APT-D6 and 2APT displayed similar potency in vivo. In summary, NOX1 inhibition with 2APT or its derivative 2APT-D6 is a viable strategy to control collagen-induced platelet activation and reduce thrombosis without deleterious effects on hemostasis. These compounds should, therefore, be considered for the development of novel antiplatelet drugs to fight cardiovascular diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Vara
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Anuradha Tarafdar
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Meral Celikag
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Daniela Patinha
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Ellie Hounslea
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Zach Warren
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Barbara Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Maarten P Koeners
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Lorenzo Caggiano
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Giordano Pula
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Nagura Y, Tsuno NH, Kano K, Inoue A, Aoki J, Hirowatari Y, Kaneko M, Kurano M, Matsuhashi M, Ohkawa R, Tozuka M, Yatomi Y, Okazaki H. Regulation of the lysophosphatidylserine and sphingosine 1-phosphate levels in autologous whole blood by the pre-storage leukocyte reduction. Transfus Med 2016; 26:365-372. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Nagura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. H. Tsuno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Miyagi Japan
| | - A. Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Miyagi Japan
| | - J. Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Miyagi Japan
| | - Y. Hirowatari
- Laboratory Sciences, Department of Health Sciences; Saitama Prefectural University; Saitama Japan
| | - M. Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Matsuhashi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory Sciences, Department of Health Sciences; Saitama Prefectural University; Saitama Japan
| | - R. Ohkawa
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Tozuka
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Okazaki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
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