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Spurgeon BEJ, Frelinger AL. OMIP-097: High-parameter phenotyping of human platelets by spectral flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2023; 103:935-940. [PMID: 37786346 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Using spectral flow cytometry, we developed a 16-color panel for analysis of platelet phenotype and function in human whole blood. The panel contains markers of clinical relevance and follows an optimized protocol for the high-parameter phenotyping of (phosphatidylserine positive) procoagulant platelets. Inclusion of established markers, such as CD62P and PAC-1, allows the subsetting of classic (proinflammatory and proaggregatory) phenotypes, while addition of novel markers, such as TLR9, allows the resolution of platelets with nonclassic functions. Multiple inducible (C3b, CD63, CD107a, CD154, and TLT-1) and constitutive (CD29, CD31, CD32, CD36, CD42a, CD61, and GPVI) markers are also measurable, and we demonstrate the use of automatic gating for platelet analysis. The panel is widely applicable to research and clinical settings and can be readily modified, should users wish to tailor the panel to more specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Frelinger AL, Spurgeon BEJ. Clinical Cytometry for Platelets and Platelet Disorders. Clin Lab Med 2023; 43:445-454. [PMID: 37481322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Clinical flow cytometry tests for inherited and acquired platelet disorders are useful diagnostic tools but are not widely available. Flow cytometric methods are available to detect inherited glycoprotein deficiencies, granule release (secretion defects), drug-induced thrombocytopenias, presence of antiplatelet antibodies, and pharmacodynamic inhibition by antiplatelet agents. New tests take advantage of advanced multicolor cytometers and allow identification of novel platelet subsets by high-dimensional immunophenotyping. Studies are needed to evaluate the value of these new tests for diagnosis and monitoring of therapy in patients with platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Spurgeon BEJ, Frelinger AL. Platelet Phenotyping by Full Spectrum Flow Cytometry. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e687. [PMID: 36779850 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play key roles in hemostasis, immunity, and inflammation, and tests of platelet phenotype and function are useful in studies of disease biology and pathology. Full spectrum flow cytometry offers distinct advantages over standard tests and enables the sensitive and simultaneous detection of many biomarkers. A typical assay provides a wealth of information on platelet biology and allows the assessment of in vivo activation and in vitro reactivity, as well as the discovery of novel phenotypes. Here, we describe the analysis of platelets by full spectrum flow cytometry and discuss a range of controls and methods for interpreting results. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Platelet phenotyping by full spectrum flow cytometry Support Protocol 1: Spectral unmixing Support Protocol 2: Data preprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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4
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Spurgeon BEJ, Frelinger AL. Comprehensive phenotyping of human platelets by single-cell cytometry. Cytometry A 2022; 101:290-297. [PMID: 34997669 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleate blood cells that contribute to hemostasis, immunity, and inflammation. Circulating platelets are heterogeneous in size, age, receptor expression, and reactivity. They inherit many features from megakaryocytes and are further modified on exposure to bioactive substances in the bloodstream. Among these substances, prothrombotic agonists, vasodilators, and bloodborne pathogens modulate platelet phenotypes via distinct signaling cascades. The ability of platelets to respond to (patho)physiologic signals is incompletely understood but likely depends on their repertoire of surface receptors, which may partition them into discrete subsets with specialized functions and divergent abilities. The single-cell resolution of flow and mass cytometry is ideal for immunophenotyping and allows the identification of platelet subsets in remarkable detail. In this report, we describe the surface markers and gating strategies needed for the comprehensive characterization of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hindle MS, Spurgeon BEJ, Cheah LT, Webb BA, Naseem KM. Multidimensional flow cytometry reveals novel platelet subpopulations in response to prostacyclin. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1800-1812. [PMID: 33834609 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robust platelet activation leads to the generation of subpopulations characterized by differential expression of phosphatidylserine (PS). Prostacyclin (PGI2 ) modulates many aspects of platelet function, but its influence on platelet subpopulations is unknown. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We used fluorescent flow cytometry coupled to multidimensional fast Fourier transform-accelerated interpolation-based t-stochastic neighborhood embedding analysis to examine the influence of PGI2 on platelet subpopulations. RESULTS Platelet activation (SFLLRN/CRP-XL) in whole blood revealed three platelet subpopulations with unique combinations of fibrinogen (fb) binding and PS exposure. These subsets, PSlo /fbhi (68%), PShi /fblo (23%), and PShi /fbhi (8%), all expressed CD62P and partially shed CD42b. PGI2 significantly reduced fibrinogen binding and prevented the majority of PS exposure, but did not significantly reduce CD62P, CD154, or CD63 leading to the generation of four novel subpopulations, CD62Phi /PSlo /fblo (64%), CD62Phi /PSlo /fbhi (22%), CD62Phi /PShi /fblo (3%), and CD62Plo /PSlo /fblo (12%). Mechanistically this was linked to PGI2 -mediated inhibition of mitochondrial depolarization upstream of PS exposure. Combining phosphoflow with surface staining, we showed that PGI2 -treated platelets were characterized by both elevated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation and CD62P. The resistance to cyclic AMP signaling was also observed for CD154 and CD63 expression. Consistent with the functional role of CD62P, exposure of blood to PGI2 failed to prevent SFLLRN/CRP-XL-induced platelet-monocyte aggregation despite reducing markers of hemostatic function. CONCLUSION The combination of multicolor flow cytometry assays with unbiased computational tools has identified novel platelet subpopulations that suggest differential regulation of platelet functions by PGI2 . Development of this approach with increased surface and intracellular markers will allow the identification of rare platelet subtypes and novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Hindle
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lih T Cheah
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Beth A Webb
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Abstract
Platelets are small but very abundant blood cells that play a key role in hemostasis, contributing to thrombus formation at sites of injury. The ability of platelets to perform this function, as well as functions in immunity and inflammation, is dependent on the presence of cell surface glycoproteins and changes in their quantity and conformation after platelet stimulation. In this article, we describe the characterization of platelet surface markers and platelet function using platelet-specific fluorescent probes and flow cytometry. Unlike traditional platelet tests, immunophenotypic analysis of platelets by flow cytometry allows the analysis of platelet function in samples with very low platelet counts as often encountered in clinical situations. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Immunophenotyping of platelet surface receptors Alternate Protocol: Fix-first method for immunophenotyping of platelet surface receptors Basic Protocol 2: Determination of platelet activation using P-selectin expression and/or PAC1 binding Basic Protocol 3: Determination of procoagulant platelets using annexin V binding or antibodies specific for coagulation factor V/Va or X/Xa Support Protocol: Preparation of isolated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew D Linden
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Platelets are small blood cells that contribute to hemostasis, immunity, and inflammation. Characterization of platelet surface markers allows for differentiation of activated platelets from resting platelets, diagnosis of platelet disorders, and investigation of platelet biology and pathology. In this article, we describe the use of mass cytometry or "CyTOF" (mass spectroscopy detection of metal-tagged antibodies on individual cells) to measure a large number of markers on each platelet and to identify platelet subsets based on the shared expression of multiple markers. This powerful new approach provides a vastly more detailed picture of platelet immunophenotypes than conventional flow cytometry and enables investigation of the roles of platelet subsets in health and disease. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Platelet immunophenotyping by high-dimensional mass cytometry Support Protocol: Data preprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Aburima A, Berger M, Spurgeon BEJ, Webb BA, Wraith KS, Febbraio M, Poole AW, Naseem KM. Thrombospondin-1 promotes hemostasis through modulation of cAMP signaling in blood platelets. Blood 2021; 137:678-689. [PMID: 33538796 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is released by platelets upon activation and can increase platelet activation, but its role in hemostasis in vivo is unclear. We show that TSP-1 is a critical mediator of hemostasis that promotes platelet activation by modulating inhibitory cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. Genetic deletion of TSP-1 did not affect platelet activation in vitro, but in vivo models of hemostasis and thrombosis showed that TSP-1-deficient mice had prolonged bleeding, defective thrombosis, and increased sensitivity to the prostacyclin mimetic iloprost. Adoptive transfer of wild-type (WT) but not TSP-1-/- platelets ameliorated the thrombotic phenotype, suggesting a key role for platelet-derived TSP-1. In functional assays, TSP-1-deficient platelets showed an increased sensitivity to cAMP signaling, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and arrest under flow by prostacyclin (PGI2). Plasma swap experiments showed that plasma TSP-1 did not correct PGI2 hypersensitivity in TSP-1-/- platelets. By contrast, incubation of TSP-1-/- platelets with releasates from WT platelets or purified TSP-1, but not releasates from TSP-1-/- platelets, reduced the inhibitory effects of PGI2. Activation of WT platelets resulted in diminished cAMP accumulation and downstream signaling, which was associated with increased activity of the cAMP hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A). PDE3A activity and cAMP accumulation were unaffected in platelets from TSP-1-/- mice. Platelets deficient in CD36, a TSP-1 receptor, showed increased sensitivity to PGI2/cAMP signaling and diminished PDE3A activity, which was unaffected by platelet-derived or purified TSP-1. This scenario suggests that the release of TSP-1 regulates hemostasis in vivo through modulation of platelet cAMP signaling at sites of vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aburima
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Berger
- Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany A Webb
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katie S Wraith
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Febbraio
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; and
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Spurgeon BEJ, Michelson AD, Frelinger AL. Platelet mass cytometry: Optimization of sample, reagent, and analysis parameters. Cytometry A 2021; 99:170-179. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E. J. Spurgeon
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Alan D. Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Andrew L. Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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10
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Berger M, Raslan Z, Aburima A, Magwenzi S, Wraith KS, Spurgeon BEJ, Hindle MS, Law R, Febbraio M, Naseem KM. Atherogenic lipid stress induces platelet hyperactivity through CD36-mediated hyposensitivity to prostacyclin: the role of phosphodiesterase 3A. Haematologica 2019; 105:808-819. [PMID: 31289200 PMCID: PMC7049344 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.213348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2) controls platelet activation and thrombosis through a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade. However, in patients with cardiovascular diseases this protective mechanism fails for reasons that are unclear. Using both pharmacological and genetic approaches we describe a mechanism by which oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) associated with dyslipidemia promote platelet activation through impaired PGI2 sensitivity and diminished cAMP signaling. In functional assays using human platelets, oxLDL modulated the inhibitory effects of PGI2, but not a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-insensitive cAMP analog, on platelet aggregation, granule secretion and in vitro thrombosis. Examination of the mechanism revealed that oxLDL promoted the hydrolysis of cAMP through the phosphorylation and activation of PDE3A, leading to diminished cAMP signaling. PDE3A activation by oxLDL required Src family kinases, Syk and protein kinase C. The effects of oxLDL on platelet function and cAMP signaling were blocked by pharmacological inhibition of CD36, mimicked by CD36-specific oxidized phospholipids and ablated in CD36−/− murine platelets. The injection of oxLDL into wild-type mice strongly promoted FeCl3-induced carotid thrombosis in vivo, which was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of PDE3A. Furthermore, blood from dyslipidemic mice was associated with increased oxidative lipid stress, reduced platelet sensitivity to PGI2ex vivo and diminished PKA signaling. In contrast, platelet sensitivity to a PDE-resistant cAMP analog remained normal. Genetic deletion of CD36 protected dyslipidemic animals from PGI2 hyposensitivity and restored PKA signaling. These data suggest that CD36 can translate atherogenic lipid stress into platelet hyperactivity through modulation of inhibitory cAMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Berger
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Zaher Raslan
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ahmed Aburima
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Simbarashe Magwenzi
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Katie S Wraith
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew S Hindle
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robert Law
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Maria Febbraio
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK .,Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Konya J, Spurgeon BEJ, Al Qaissi A, Sathyapalan T, Ajjan R, Madden L, Naseem KM, Garrett AT, Kilpatrick E, Atkin SL. Corrigendum: The Effect of a Simulated Commercial Flight Environment With Hypoxia and Low Humidity on Clotting, Platelet, and Endothelial Function in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes - A Cross-Over Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:301. [PMID: 29911690 PMCID: PMC6001206 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 26 in vol. 9, PMID: 29487564.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Konya
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin E. J. Spurgeon
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Al Qaissi
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Ramzi Ajjan
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh Madden
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid M. Naseem
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Thomas Garrett
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Stephen L. Atkin,
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12
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Abstract
Multiplexed phosphoflow cytometry is a novel method that provides rapid and quantitative readouts on intracellular phosphoprotein signaling. In this approach, flow cytometry is combined with fluorescent cell barcoding (FCB) to facilitate high-throughput analyses of signaling events. After stimulation, fixed and permeabilized platelets are labeled with distinct dye intensities to create unique fluorescent signatures for individual samples. These uniquely labeled samples can be combined for simultaneous antibody staining and acquisition. During software analysis, multiplexed samples can be differentiated by their distinct fluorescence intensities and analyzed as if they had been acquired individually. Multiplexing eliminates intersample variation, increases statistical robustness, and allows 4-96 samples to be processed with no appreciable increase in antibody consumption or runtime. The method can be performed on washed platelets, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and whole blood. Its inherent versatility can fulfil wide-ranging experimental requirements from simple dose titrations to complex pharmacologic screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E J Spurgeon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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13
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Konya J, Spurgeon BEJ, Al Qaissi A, Sathyapalan T, Ajjan R, Madden L, Naseem KM, Garrett AT, Kilpatrick E, Atkin SL. The Effect of a Simulated Commercial Flight Environment with Hypoxia and Low Humidity on Clotting, Platelet, and Endothelial Function in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes - A Cross-over Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:26. [PMID: 29487564 PMCID: PMC5816834 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine if clotting, platelet, and endothelial function were affected by simulated short-haul commercial air flight conditions (SF) in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to controls. METHODS 10 participants with T2DM (7 females, 3 males) and 10 controls (3 females, 7 males) completed the study. Participants were randomized to either spend 2 h in an environmental chamber at sea level conditions (temperature: 23°C, oxygen concentration 21%, humidity 45%), or subject to a simulated 2-h simulated flight (SF: temperature: 23°C, oxygen concentration 15%, humidity 15%), and crossed over 7 days later. Main outcome measures: clot formation and clot lysis parameters, functional platelet activation markers, and endothelial function measured by reactive hyperemia index (RHI) by EndoPAT and serum microparticles. RESULTS Comparing baseline with SF conditions, clot maximal absorption was increased in controls (0.375 ± 0.05 vs. 0.39 ± 0.05, p < 0.05) and participants with T2DM (0.378 ± 0.089 vs. 0.397 ± 0.089, p < 0.01), while increased basal platelet activation for both fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression (p < 0.05) was seen in participants with T2DM. Parameters of clot formation and clot lysis, stimulated platelet function (stimulated platelet response to ADP and sensitivity to prostacyclin), and endothelial function were unchanged. CONCLUSION While SF resulted in the potential of denser clot formation with enhanced basal platelet activation in T2DM, the dynamic clotting, platelet, and endothelial markers were not affected, suggesting that short-haul commercial flying adds no additional hazard for venous thromboembolism for participants with T2DM compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Konya
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ahmed Al Qaissi
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Ramzi Ajjan
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh Madden
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Thomas Garrett
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen L Atkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Spurgeon BEJ, Aburima A, Oberprieler NG, Taskén K, Naseem KM. Multiplexed phosphospecific flow cytometry enables large-scale signaling profiling and drug screening in blood platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1733-43. [PMID: 25056834 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissecting the signaling events that contribute to platelet activation will increase our understanding of platelet function and aid in the development of new antiplatelet agents. However, high-throughput methodology for the quantitative analysis of platelet signaling events is still lacking. OBJECTIVE To develop a high-throughput assay for the analysis of platelet signaling events in whole blood. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a fluorescent barcoding protocol to facilitate multiplexing and enable large-scale signaling profiling in platelets in whole blood. The methodology allowed simultaneous staining and acquisition of 24-96 samples in a single analysis tube with a standard flow cytometer. This approach significantly reduced experimental numbers, data acquisition time, and antibody consumption, while providing automated statistically rich quantitative data on signaling events. Using vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), an established marker of platelet inhibition and antiplatelet drug therapy, we demonstrated that the assay could detect subtle changes in phosphoVASP-Ser157/239 in response to cAMP-elevating agents of varying potency and known modulators of the cAMP signaling cascade. The assay could be used with washed platelets or whole blood, analyzed immediately or frozen, without any significant change in assay performance. To demonstrate the usefulness of the assay as a drug discovery platform, we examined a prostaglandin screening library. Our screen of 70 prostaglandin derivatives revealed three previously uncharacterized lipids that stimulated phosphorylation of VASP-Ser157. Follow-up analyses demonstrated that these agents elevated intraplatelet cAMP and inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. CONCLUSIONS This novel method enables rapid, large-scale quantitative signaling profiling and compound screening in human platelets present in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E J Spurgeon
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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