1
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Khanthong P, Sriyakul K, Dechakhamphu A, Krajarng A, Kamalashiran C, Jayathavaj V, Tungsukruthai P. A randomized controlled trial on the effects of traditional Thai mind-body exercise (Ruesi Dadton) on biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2024; 60:604-610. [PMID: 38814196 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.24.08015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has been shown to reduce the rate of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease. Although motor coordination movements and poses in Ruesi Dadton (RD) exercises may improve cognitive function, RD is rarely used for MCI. To date, there is insufficient evidence on whether 12 weeks of RD exercise correlates with blood biomarkers related to neurogenesis and plasticity. AIM To determine the effects on blood biomarkers of 12-week RD in MCI. DESIGN Two-group parallel randomized controlled trial. SETTING Community exercise. POPULATION Individual with MCI. METHODS Fifty-eight participants (n.=29 in each group). The RD group performed 60min of RD exercises (15 poses) three times weekly for 12 weeks. The control group received no intervention. In addition, both groups were given information regarding MCI symptoms by the physician on the first day. Peripheral blood was collected to measure serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels before and after intervention. RESULTS The effects of 12-week RD pre- and post-intervention were examined using 2×2 repeated multivariate analyses, which showed significant differences in interaction by group and time. Student's t-tests and paired t-tests were employed in subsequent analyses to evaluate between-group and within-group differences for both biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS In each test, we discovered increased levels of BDNF and SIRT1 in the RD group but not in the control group. These findings suggested that RD could benefit MCI patients through enhanced BDNF and SIRT1 levels. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Twelve weeks of RD might be helpful to patients with MCI and older people who experience cognitive impairment by improving blood biomarkers responsible for brain plasticity and amyloid plaque degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaksachiphon Khanthong
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine and Alternative Medicine, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Kusuma Sriyakul
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ananya Dechakhamphu
- Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine and Alternative Medicine, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Aungkana Krajarng
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chuntida Kamalashiran
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Vadhana Jayathavaj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Pathumthani University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Parunkul Tungsukruthai
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand -
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2
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Zhao R. Can exercise benefits be harnessed with drugs? A new way to combat neurodegenerative diseases by boosting neurogenesis. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:36. [PMID: 39049102 PMCID: PMC11271207 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is affected by multiple factors, such as enriched environment, exercise, ageing, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders can impair AHN, leading to progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Compelling evidence suggests that individuals engaged in regular exercise exhibit higher production of proteins that are essential for AHN and memory. Interestingly, specific molecules that mediate the effects of exercise have shown effectiveness in promoting AHN and cognition in different transgenic animal models. Despite these advancements, the precise mechanisms by which exercise mimetics induce AHN remain partially understood. Recently, some novel exercise molecules have been tested and the underlying mechanisms have been proposed, involving intercommunications between multiple organs such as muscle-brain crosstalk, liver-brain crosstalk, and gut-brain crosstalk. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence regarding the effects and potential mechanisms of exercise mimetics on AHN and cognition in various neurological disorders. Opportunities, challenges, and future directions in this research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, 88 South Daxue Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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3
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Wang M, Hua Y, Bai Y. A review of the application of exercise intervention on improving cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms and clinical studies. Rev Neurosci 2024; 0:revneuro-2024-0046. [PMID: 39029521 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, leading to sustained cognitive decline. An increasing number of studies suggest that exercise is an effective strategy to promote the improvement of cognition in AD. Mechanisms of the benefits of exercise intervention on cognitive function may include modulation of vascular factors by affecting cardiovascular risk factors, regulating cardiorespiratory health, and enhancing cerebral blood flow. Exercise also promotes neurogenesis by stimulating neurotrophic factors, affecting neuroplasticity in the brain. Additionally, regular exercise improves the neuropathological characteristics of AD by improving mitochondrial function, and the brain redox status. More and more attention has been paid to the effect of Aβ and tau pathology as well as sleep disorders on cognitive function in persons diagnosed with AD. Besides, there are various forms of exercise intervention in cognitive improvement in patients with AD, including aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and multi-component exercise. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to summarize the findings of the mechanisms of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with AD, and also discuss the application of different exercise interventions in cognitive impairment in AD to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the selection of exercise intervention in cognitive rehabilitation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
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4
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Walzik D, Wences Chirino TY, Zimmer P, Joisten N. Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:138. [PMID: 38806473 PMCID: PMC11133400 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Several exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose, and liver tissue. These signaling molecules, which are collectively termed exerkines, form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances, mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue adaption. Numerous scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such properties. Additionally, some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes. A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and disease. Herein, we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various diseases. By emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research, we provide a comprehensive overview of (i) the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion, (ii) the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption, and (iii) the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tiffany Y Wences Chirino
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Division of Exercise and Movement Science, Institute for Sport Science, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
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5
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Ali NH, Alhamdan NA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Batiha GES. Irisin/PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway in Parkinson's disease: truth under the throes. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1985-1995. [PMID: 37819389 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered one of the most common neurodegenerative brain diseases which involves the deposition of α-synuclein. Irisin hormone, a newly discovered adipokine, has a valuable role in diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the possible role of the irisin hormone in PD neuropathology. Irisin hormone has a neuroprotective effect against the development and progression of various neurodegenerative disorders by increasing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Irisin hormone has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative impacts, thereby reducing the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and the progression of neuroinflammation. Irisin-induced PGC-1α could potentially prevent α-synuclein-induced dopaminergic injury, neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity in PD. Inhibition of NF-κB by irisin improves PGC-1α and FNDC5 signaling pathway with subsequent attenuation of PD neuropathology. Therefore, the irisin/PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway could prevent dopaminergic neuronal injury. In conclusion, the irisin hormone has a neuroprotective effect through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant impacts with the amelioration of brain BDNF levels. Further preclinical and clinical studies are recommended in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Ahmad Alhamdan
- Department of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
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6
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Kaloğlu HA, Örsel S, Erzin G. Evaluation of the Relationships between Irisin Levels and Cognitive Functions in Individuals with Schizophrenia. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 21:724-731. [PMID: 37859445 PMCID: PMC10591173 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.22.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective : Irisin is a myokine that is involved in neurogenesis, neuronal proliferation, and neuronal differentiation. Many research examine the relationship between irisin and schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and cognitive functions in individuals with schizophrenia. Methods : Ninety-six individuals who were diagnosed with schizophrenia were included. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to assess disease severity. To evaluate the cognitive functions of the patients, the trail-making test was evaluated with the A and B forms and the verbal memory processes scale. After a 12-hour night fast, samples of fasting blood were obtained from the participants. Results : There was no significant correlation between irisin, duration of disease, and BPRS total score. In the analysis performed, a positive correlation was found between the plasma irisin level and the error score of the trail-making test form B. Other than that, no correlation was found between irisin level and cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients. In addition, in subgroup analysis between genders, it was determined that the duration of the trail-making test B was longer in female schizophrenia patients. Conclusion : In this study, there was a positive correlation between the trail-making test B-form error scores and the irisin levels. This relationship between impaired executive functions and irisin levels may suggest that the irisin level is increased as compensation for the impairment in executive functions. More research is needed to understand the role of irisin in cognitive impairment and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Ayça Kaloğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Örsel
- Department of Psychiatry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Erzin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Jiang X, Yan Q, Lao W, Lin Q, Cao H, Chen L, Chen J, Yu X, Liu F. Irisin attenuates ethanol-induced behavioral deficits in mice through activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1643-1656. [PMID: 36947333 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of irisin on ethanol-induced behavioral deficits and explore the underlying mechanisms. A mouse model of ethanol addiction/withdrawal was constructed through chronic ethanol administration. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by the tail suspension test and forced swimming test, and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated by the marble-burying test and elevated plus maze test. The expression of Nrf2 was measured by western blotting. Levels of inflammatory mediators (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and oxidative stress factors (ROS, MDA, GSH and SOD) were detected by ELISA. The ethanol-induced PC12/BV2 cell injury model was used to elucidate whether the effect of irisin on ethanol-induced neurological injury was related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Ethanol-induced ethanol preference and emotional deficits were improved by chronic irisin treatment; however, these improvements were partly reversed by cotreatment with the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Further results implied that the improvement effect of irisin on behavioral abnormalities may be related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In detail, irisin inhibited ethanol-induced abnormal expression of ROS and MDA and upregulated the expression of GSH and SOD. Meanwhile, irisin treatment inhibited ethanol-induced overexpression of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The regulation of oxidative stress factors by irisin was reversed after ML385 treatment. In the in vitro study, overexpression of oxidative stress factors in ethanol-treated PC12 cells was inhibited by irisin treatment; however, the prevention was reversed after the knockdown of Nrf2 siRNA. Moreover, ethanol-induced overexpression of inflammatory mediators in BV2 cells was also inhibited by irisin treatment. Irisin improved depressive and anxiety-like behaviors induced by ethanol addiction/withdrawal in mice, and this protection was greatly associated with the NF-κB-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling pathway and Nrf2-mediated antioxidative stress signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Zhejiang University Mingzhou Hospital, 315000, Ningbo, China
| | - Qizhi Yan
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Wendie Lao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, 315000, Ningbo, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Haoran Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, 315000, Ningbo, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, 315000, Ningbo, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Zhejiang University Mingzhou Hospital, 315000, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, 315000, Ningbo, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No.888 Yinxian Avenue East Section, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| | - Fuhe Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, 315000, Ningbo, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No.888 Yinxian Avenue East Section, Ningbo, 315000, China.
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8
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Parra MA, Orellana P, Leon T, Victoria CG, Henriquez F, Gomez R, Avalos C, Damian A, Slachevsky A, Ibañez A, Zetterberg H, Tijms BM, Yokoyama JS, Piña-Escudero SD, Cochran JN, Matallana DL, Acosta D, Allegri R, Arias-Suárez BP, Barra B, Behrens MI, Brucki SMD, Busatto G, Caramelli P, Castro-Suarez S, Contreras V, Custodio N, Dansilio S, De la Cruz-Puebla M, de Souza LC, Diaz MM, Duque L, Farías GA, Ferreira ST, Guimet NM, Kmaid A, Lira D, Lopera F, Meza BM, Miotto EC, Nitrini R, Nuñez A, O'neill S, Ochoa J, Pintado-Caipa M, de Paula França Resende E, Risacher S, Rojas LA, Sabaj V, Schilling L, Sellek AF, Sosa A, Takada LT, Teixeira AL, Unaucho-Pilalumbo M, Duran-Aniotz C. Biomarkers for dementia in Latin American countries: Gaps and opportunities. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:721-735. [PMID: 36098676 PMCID: PMC10906502 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Limited knowledge on dementia biomarkers in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries remains a serious barrier. Here, we reported a survey to explore the ongoing work, needs, interests, potential barriers, and opportunities for future studies related to biomarkers. The results show that neuroimaging is the most used biomarker (73%), followed by genetic studies (40%), peripheral fluids biomarkers (31%), and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (29%). Regarding barriers in LAC, lack of funding appears to undermine the implementation of biomarkers in clinical or research settings, followed by insufficient infrastructure and training. The survey revealed that despite the above barriers, the region holds a great potential to advance dementia biomarkers research. Considering the unique contributions that LAC could make to this growing field, we highlight the urgent need to expand biomarker research. These insights allowed us to propose an action plan that addresses the recommendations for a biomarker framework recently proposed by regional experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Parra
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde. Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Orellana
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez. Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez. Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomas Leon
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College. Dublin, Ireland
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN) Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
| | - Cabello G. Victoria
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez. Santiago, Chile
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
- Unit of Brain Health, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Henriquez
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO). Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Evolutionary Neuroscience (LaNCE), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Gomez
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN) Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
- Graduate School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Mayor, Chile - Centro de Apoyo Comunitario a personas con Demencia Kintun. Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Avalos
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez. Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez. Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Damian
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM) - Centro de Medicina Nuclear e Imagenología Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN) Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO). Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurology and Psyquiatry, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo. Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustin Ibañez
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez. Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez. Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College. Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute and the Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). San Francisco, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, & National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg. Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital. Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology. Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL. London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Betty M. Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience. Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Global Brain Health Institute and the Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). San Francisco, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, UCSF. San Francisco, USA
| | - Stefanie D. Piña-Escudero
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco. San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Diana L Matallana
- Medical School, Aging Institute and Psychiatry Department, Neuroscience PhD Program, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá,Colombia
- Memory and Cognition Center, Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Bogotá, Colombia
- Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitario Santa Fe de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daisy Acosta
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena (UNPHU). Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto Neurológico Fleni. Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad de la Costa. Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Bianca P. Arias-Suárez
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Postgraduate Section, National University of San Marcos. Lima, Perú
| | - Bernardo Barra
- Mental Health Service, Clínica Universidad de los Andes. Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Medicine School, Andrés Bello University of Santiago (UNAB). Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Isabel Behrens
- Department of Neurology and Psyquiatry, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo. Santiago, Chile
- Center for Advanced Clinical Research (CICA). Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurocience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia M. D. Brucki
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Busatto
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo HCFMUSP. São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sheila Castro-Suarez
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco. San Francisco, USA
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas. Lima, Perú
| | | | - Nilton Custodio
- Unit of diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia prevention, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias.Lima, Perú
| | - Sergio Dansilio
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institut of Neurology, Hospital de Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine,Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Myriam De la Cruz-Puebla
- Global Brain Health Institute and the Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). San Francisco, USA
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute. Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Neuroscience Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Technical University of Ambato. Tungurahua, Ecuador
| | - Leonardo Cruz de Souza
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo HCFMUSP. São Paulo, Brazil
- Neurology Service, School of Medicine, Pontifical University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Monica M. Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. North Carolina, USA
- School of Public Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Peru
| | - Lissette Duque
- Unit of Cognitive diseases, Neuromedicenter. Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gonzalo A. Farías
- Center for Advanced Clinical Research (CICA). Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nahuel Magrath Guimet
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco. San Francisco, USA
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology, Instituto Neurológico Fleni. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Kmaid
- Unit of Cognitive evaluation. Department of Geriatry ang Gerentology. Hospital de Clínicas. Faculty of Medicine. Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - David Lira
- Unit of diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia prevention, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias.Lima, Perú
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, School of Medicine. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Mar Meza
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco. San Francisco, USA
- Department of Geriatry ang Gerentology, Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú. Lima, Perú
| | - Eliane C Miotto
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Nuñez
- Unit of Cognitive diseases, Neuromedicenter. Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago O'neill
- Neurosciences Institute, Favaloro Foundation University Hospital. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John Ochoa
- Group of Neuropsychology and behavior, Universidad de Antioquia, School of Medicine. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maritza Pintado-Caipa
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco. San Francisco, USA
- Unit of diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia prevention, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias.Lima, Perú
| | - Elisa de Paula França Resende
- Global Brain Health Institute and the Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). San Francisco, USA
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Neurology Service, School of Medicine, Pontifical University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Shannon Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, USA
| | - Luz Angela Rojas
- Research Group, MI Dneuropsy, Universidad Surcolombiana. Neiva, Colombia
| | - Valentina Sabaj
- Unit of Neuropsychogeriatry, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría. Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucas Schilling
- Neurology Service, School of Medicine, Pontifical University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifical University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Sosa
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), Manuel Velasco Suarez. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leonel T. Takada
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Teixeira
- Faculdade Santa Casa BH. Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Neuropsychiatry Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Houston, USA
| | - Martha Unaucho-Pilalumbo
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco. San Francisco, USA
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. Loja, Ecuador
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez. Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez. Santiago, Chile
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9
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Lima-Filho R, Fortuna JS, Cozachenco D, Isaac AR, Lyra e Silva N, Saldanha A, Santos LE, Ferreira ST, Lourenco MV, De Felice FG. Brain FNDC5/Irisin Expression in Patients and Mouse Models of Major Depression. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0256-22.2023. [PMID: 36697257 PMCID: PMC9927507 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0256-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major cause of disability in adults. MDD is both a comorbidity and a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and regular physical exercise has been associated with reduced incidence and severity of MDD and AD. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine derived from proteolytic processing of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). FNDC5/irisin is reduced in the brains of AD patients and mouse models. However, whether brain FNDC5/irisin expression is altered in depression remains elusive. Here, we investigate changes in fndc5 expression in postmortem brain tissue from MDD individuals and mouse models of depression. We found decreased fndc5 expression in the MDD prefrontal cortex, both with and without psychotic traits. We further demonstrate that the induction of depressive-like behavior in male mice by lipopolysaccharide decreased fndc5 expression in the frontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Conversely, chronic corticosterone administration increased fndc5 expression in the frontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Social isolation in mice did not result in altered fndc5 expression in either frontal cortex or hippocampus. Finally, fluoxetine, but not other antidepressants, increased fndc5 gene expression in the mouse frontal cortex. Results indicate a region-specific modulation of fndc5 in depressive-like behavior and by antidepressant in mice. Our finding of decreased prefrontal cortex fndc5 expression in MDD individuals differs from results in mice, highlighting the importance of carefully interpreting observations in mice. The reduction in fndc5 mRNA suggests that decreased central FNDC5/irisin could comprise a shared pathologic mechanism between MDD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lima-Filho
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana S. Fortuna
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cozachenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Alinny R. Isaac
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lyra e Silva
- Centre for Neurosciences Studies, Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, and Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alice Saldanha
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis E. Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Mychael V. Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Centre for Neurosciences Studies, Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, and Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
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10
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Azevedo CV, Hashiguchi D, Campos HC, Figueiredo EV, Otaviano SFSD, Penitente AR, Arida RM, Longo BM. The effects of resistance exercise on cognitive function, amyloidogenesis, and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1131214. [PMID: 36937673 PMCID: PMC10017453 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1131214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and difficulties in finding effective treatments, it is essential to discover alternative therapies through new approaches. In this regard, non-pharmacological therapies, such as physical exercise, have been proposed and explored for the treatment of AD. Recent studies have suggested that resistance exercise (RE) is an effective strategy for promoting benefits in memory and cognitive function, producing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, and reducing amyloid load and plaques, thereby reducing the risk, and alleviating the neurodegeneration process of AD and other types of dementia in the elderly. In addition, RE is the exercise recommended by the World Health Organization for the elderly due to its benefits in improving muscle strength and balance, and increasing autonomy and functional capacity, favoring improvements in the quality of life of the elderly population, who is more likely to develop AD and other types of dementia. In this mini-review, we discuss the impact of RE on humans affected by MCI and AD, and animal models of AD, and summarize the main findings regarding the effects of RE program on memory and cognitive functions, neurotrophic factors, Aβ deposition and plaque formation, as well as on neuroinflammation. Overall, the present review provides clinical and preclinical evidence that RE plays a role in alleviating AD symptoms and may help to understand the therapeutic potential of RE, thereby continuing the advances in AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debora Hashiguchi
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Arlete Rita Penitente
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina, Departamento de Ginecologia Obstetrícia e Propedêutica da, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Monteiro Longo
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Beatriz Monteiro Longo,
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11
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Gonçalves RA, Sudo FK, Lourenco MV, Drummond C, Assunção N, Vanderborght B, Ferreira DDP, Ribeiro FC, Pamplona FA, Tovar‐Moll F, Mattos P, Ferreira ST, De Felice FG. Cerebrospinal fluid irisin and lipoxin A4 are reduced in elderly Brazilian individuals with depression: Insight into shared mechanisms between depression and dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella A. Gonçalves
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences & Department of Psychiatry Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Felipe K. Sudo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Claudia Drummond
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Naima Assunção
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Felipe C. Ribeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fabricio A. Pamplona
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology Oswald Cruz Institute Oswald Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Biosciences Program Federal University for Latin American Integration Foz do Iguaçu Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar‐Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Program in Morphological Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Program in Morphological Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences & Department of Psychiatry Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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12
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Age-linked suppression of lipoxin A4 associates with cognitive deficits in mice and humans. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:439. [PMID: 36216800 PMCID: PMC9551034 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age increases the risk for cognitive impairment and is the single major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly. The pathophysiological processes triggered by aging that render the brain vulnerable to dementia involve, at least in part, changes in inflammatory mediators. Here we show that lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a lipid mediator of inflammation resolution known to stimulate endocannabinoid signaling in the brain, is reduced in the aging central nervous system. We demonstrate that genetic suppression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), the enzyme mediating LXA4 synthesis, promotes learning impairment in mice. Conversely, administration of exogenous LXA4 attenuated cytokine production and memory loss induced by inflammation in mice. We further show that cerebrospinal fluid LXA4 is reduced in patients with dementia and positively associated with cognitive performance, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and AD-linked amyloid-β. Our findings suggest that reduced LXA4 levels may lead to vulnerability to age-related cognitive disorders and that promoting LXA4 signaling may comprise an effective strategy to prevent early cognitive decline in AD.
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13
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Sui SX, Balanta-Melo J, Pasco JA, Plotkin LI. Musculoskeletal Deficits and Cognitive Impairment: Epidemiological Evidence and Biological Mechanisms. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:260-272. [PMID: 35764750 PMCID: PMC9522710 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cognitive impairment is associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. However, no critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between musculoskeletal deficits and cognitive impairment, focusing on the epidemiological evidence and biological mechanisms, has been published to date. Herein, we critically evaluate the literature published over the past 3 years, emphasizing interesting and important new findings, and provide an outline of future directions that will improve our understanding of the connections between the brain and the musculoskeletal system. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature suggests that musculoskeletal deficits and cognitive impairment share pathophysiological pathways and risk factors. Cytokines and hormones affect both the brain and the musculoskeletal system; yet, lack of unified definitions and standards makes it difficult to compare studies. Interventions designed to improve musculoskeletal health are plausible means of preventing or slowing cognitive impairment. We highlight several musculoskeletal health interventions that show potential in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia X Sui
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, Deakin University, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, PO Box 281 (Barwon Health), Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Julián Balanta-Melo
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS5022A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Universidad del Valle School of Dentistry, Cali, Colombia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, Deakin University, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, PO Box 281 (Barwon Health), Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS5022A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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14
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Lourenco MV, de Freitas GB, Raony Í, Ferreira ST, De Felice FG. Irisin stimulates protective signaling pathways in rat hippocampal neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:953991. [PMID: 36187295 PMCID: PMC9518673 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.953991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise stimulates neuroprotective pathways, has pro-cognitive actions, and alleviates memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Irisin is an exercise-linked hormone produced by cleavage of fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in skeletal muscle, brain and other tissues. Irisin was recently shown to mediate the brain benefits of exercise in AD mouse models. Here, we sought to obtain insight into the neuroprotective actions of irisin. We demonstrate that adenoviral-mediated expression of irisin promotes extracellular brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) accumulation in hippocampal cultures. We further show that irisin stimulates transient activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), and prevents amyloid-β oligomer-induced oxidative stress in primary hippocampal neurons. Finally, analysis of RNA sequencing (RNAseq) datasets shows a trend of reduction of hippocampal FNDC5 mRNA with aging and tau pathology in humans. Results indicate that irisin activates protective pathways in hippocampal neurons and further support the notion that stimulation of irisin signaling in the brain may be beneficial in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mychael V. Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mychael V. Lourenco,
| | - Guilherme B. de Freitas
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ícaro Raony
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Sergio T. Ferreira,
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Fernanda G. De Felice,
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15
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Cariati I, Bonanni R, Pallone G, Romagnoli C, Rinaldi AM, Annino G, D’Arcangelo G, Tancredi V. Whole Body Vibration Improves Brain and Musculoskeletal Health by Modulating the Expression of Tissue-Specific Markers: FNDC5 as a Key Regulator of Vibration Adaptations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810388. [PMID: 36142305 PMCID: PMC9498983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole body vibration (WBV) is well known to exert beneficial effects on multiple tissues, improving synaptic transmission, muscle mass, bone quality, and reducing anxiety and depressive behavior. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood, and organs and tissues may respond differently to the vibratory stimulus depending on multiple factors. Therefore, we investigated the WBV effects on the brain and musculoskeletal tissue of 4-month-old young mice, evaluating synaptic plasticity by electrophysiological recordings and tissue organization by histology and histomorphometric analysis. Specifically, WBV protocols were characterized by the same vibration frequency (45 Hz), but different in vibration exposure time (five series of 3 min for the B protocol and three series of 2 min and 30 s for the C protocol) and recovery time between two vibration sessions (1 min for the B protocol and 2 min and 30 s for the C protocol). In addition, immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate the expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), as well as that of tissue-specific markers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain, myostatin in muscle and collagen I (COL-1) in bone. Our results suggest that the WBV effects depend closely on the type of protocol used and support the hypothesis that different organs or tissues have different susceptibility to vibration. Further studies will be needed to deepen our knowledge of physiological adaptations to vibration and develop customized WBV protocols to improve and preserve cognitive and motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Cariati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pallone
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Romagnoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Rinaldi
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annino
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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16
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Rody T, De Amorim JA, De Felice FG. The emerging neuroprotective roles of exerkines in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:965190. [PMID: 36118704 PMCID: PMC9472554 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.965190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive knowledge of the beneficial effects of physical exercise, a sedentary lifestyle is still a predominant harm in our society. Sedentarism is one of the major modifiable risk factors for metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD)–characterized by synaptic failure, amyloid protein deposition and memory loss. Physical exercise promotes neuroprotective effects through molecules released in circulation and mediates the physiological crosstalk between the periphery and the brain. This literature review summarizes the current understanding of the roles of exerkines, molecules released during physical exercise, as systemic and central factors that mediate the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognition. We highlight the neuroprotective role of irisin—a myokine released from the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) transmembrane protein. Lastly, we review evidence pointing to physical exercise as a potential preventative and interventional strategy against cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayna Rody
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia A. De Amorim
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fernanda G. De Felice,
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17
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Traylor MK, Bauman AJ, Saiyasit N, Frizell CA, Hill BD, Nelson AR, Keller JL. An examination of the relationship among plasma brain derived neurotropic factor, peripheral vascular function, and body composition with cognition in midlife African Americans/Black individuals. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:980561. [PMID: 36092801 PMCID: PMC9453229 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.980561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
African American/Black individuals have been excluded from several lines of prominent neuroscience research, despite exhibiting disproportionately higher risk factors associated with the onset and magnitude of neurodegeneration. Therefore, the objective of the current investigation was to examine potential relationships among brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), peripheral vascular function, and body composition with cognition in a sample of midlife, African American/Black individuals. Midlife adults (men: n = 3, 60 ± 4 years; women: n = 9, 58 ± 5 years) were invited to complete two baseline visits separated by 4 weeks. Peripheral vascular function was determined by venous occlusion plethysmography, a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition, and plasma was collected to quantify BDNF levels. The CNS Vital Signs computer-based test was used to provide scores on numerous cognitive domains. The principal results included that complex attention (r = 0.629) and processing speed (r = 0.734) were significantly (p < 0.05) related to the plasma BDNF values. However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) relationship between any vascular measure and any cognitive domain or BDNF value. Secondary findings included the relationship between lean mass and peak hyperemia (r = 0.758) as well as total hyperemia (r = 0.855). The major conclusion derived from these results was that there is rationale for future clinical trials to use interventions targeting increasing BDNF to potentially improve cognition. Additionally, these results strongly suggest that clinicians aiming to improve cognitive health via improvements in the known risk factor of vascular function should consider interventions capable of promoting the size and function of skeletal muscle, especially in the African American/Black population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda K. Traylor
- Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology (iLEAP), Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, College of Education and Professional Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Allison J. Bauman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Napatsorn Saiyasit
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Carl A. Frizell
- Physician Assistant Sciences Program, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Joshua L. Keller
- Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology (iLEAP), Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, College of Education and Professional Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
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18
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A Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature on Irisin from 2012-2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106153. [PMID: 35627690 PMCID: PMC9141152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone-like molecule mainly released by skeletal muscles in response to exercise, which is proposed to induce the ‘browning’ of white adipose tissue. Since its identification, irisin was reported to be closely associated with many metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and metabolic bone diseases. In recent years, irisin has attracted increasing research interest, and numerous studies have been published in this field. Thus, it is essential to identify the current research status of irisin and measure research hotspots and possible future trends. In this study, by utilizing two visualization software named CiteSpace and VOSviewer, we analyzed 1510 Web of Science publications on irisin published from 2012 to 2021. Our results show that the number of irisin-related articles published annually has increased significantly. China participates in the most studies, followed by the United States and Turkey. Firat University, Harvard University, and Shandong University are three major institutions with larger numbers of publications. The analysis of keywords co-occurrence indicates that insulin resistance, inflammation, and circulating irisin levels in serum are the research hotspots. Apoptosis, BDNF, and osteoporosis will likely become the focus of future research related to irisin. Overall, this study may provide helpful insights for researchers to understand the current research situation and identify the potential frontiers of irisin.
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19
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Ribarič S. Physical Exercise, a Potential Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063245. [PMID: 35328666 PMCID: PMC8952567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarises the evidence for considering physical exercise (PE) as a non-pharmacological intervention for delaying cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) not only by improving cardiovascular fitness but also by attenuating neuroinflammation. Ageing is the most important risk factor for AD. A hallmark of the ageing process is a systemic low-grade chronic inflammation that also contributes to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is associated with AD, Parkinson’s disease, late-onset epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and anxiety disorders. Pharmacological treatment of AD is currently limited to mitigating the symptoms and attenuating progression of the disease. AD animal model studies and human studies on patients with a clinical diagnosis of different stages of AD have concluded that PE attenuates cognitive decline not only by improving cardiovascular fitness but possibly also by attenuating neuroinflammation. Therefore, low-grade chronic inflammation and neuroinflammation should be considered potential modifiable risk factors for AD that can be attenuated by PE. This opens the possibility for personalised attenuation of neuroinflammation that could also have important health benefits for patients with other inflammation associated brain disorders (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, late-onset epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and anxiety disorders). In summary, life-long, regular, structured PE should be considered as a supplemental intervention for attenuating the progression of AD in human. Further studies in human are necessary to develop optimal, personalised protocols, adapted to the progression of AD and the individual’s mental and physical limitations, to take full advantage of the beneficial effects of PE that include improved cardiovascular fitness, attenuated systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, stimulated brain Aβ peptides brain catabolism and brain clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Chen K, Wang K, Wang T. Protective effect of irisin against Alzheimer's disease. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:967683. [PMID: 36203845 PMCID: PMC9530446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.967683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century, Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks specific medicine. Irisin, an exercise-generated muscle factor, emerges as a potential hormone for AD prevention and treatment because of its role in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, accelerating energy expenditure, regulating energy metabolism, and improving insulin resistance. The study reviews classic hallmarks of AD and irisin's physiology before discussing the possible mechanism by which irisin protects against AD in terms of its effects related to molecular biology and cellular biology. Results reveal that irisin sharpens learning memory by inducing the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), lowers the production of inflammatory factors, protects neurology through astrocytes, and ameliorates AD symptoms by improving insulin resistance. The review aims to facilitate future experimental studies and clinical applications of irisin in preventing and treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Tianjin Key Lab of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medicine Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medicine Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medicine Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China
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21
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Lan X, Fu K, Xu G, Zhao J, Yuan H. Irisin Is Correlated with Blood Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. Int J Hypertens 2021; 2021:4717349. [PMID: 34804606 PMCID: PMC8601862 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4717349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite approximately 95% primary cases of hypertension, secondary hypertension seems to be common with resistant forms. Notably, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known as a common cause of secondary hypertension and has a major characteristic of obesity. Irisin acts as a link between muscles and adipose tissues in obesity, playing an essential role in human blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, whether irisin is associated with secondary hypertension caused by OSA and how it takes effect essentially have not been elucidated. PURPOSE To investigate the changes of irisin and its relationship with BP in OSA. METHODS 72 snoring patients finished Epworth Sleep Scale (ESS) evaluation before polysomnography (PSG). BP was the average of three brachial BP values by mercury sphygmomanometer. Serum irisin level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS Irisin was higher in the severe and quite severe group than that in control and nonsevere groups (p < 0.05). For BP, significant differences were found between the control group and the other three groups (p < 0.05) and between the quite severe and the other three groups (p ≤ 0.001). Positive correlations were found between irisin and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), AHI and BP, and irisin level and BP. Negative correlations were between irisin and SpO2 nadir and SpO2 nadir and BP. Positive correlation still existed between AHI and irisin even after adjusting for some obesity-related variables. CONCLUSIONS Irisin may serve as a potential biomarker for severity of OSA independently of obesity and imply the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhengjiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Sleep Center, People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxin Lan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Keyou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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22
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Abstract
The beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are well known. In general, exercise offers an effective way to improve cognitive function in all ages, particularly in the elderly, who are considered the most vulnerable to neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, myokines, hormones secreted by muscle in response to exercise, have recently gained attention as beneficial mediators. Irisin is a novel exercise-induced myokine, that modulates several bodily processes, such as glucose homeostasis, and reduces systemic inflammation. Irisin is cleaved from fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5), a transmembrane precursor protein expressed in muscle under the control of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). The FNDC5/irisin system is also expressed in the hippocampus, where it stimulates the expression of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor in this area that is associated with learning and memory. In this review, we aimed to discuss the role of irisin as a key mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity and memory in the elderly, suggesting its roles within the main promoters of the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain.
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23
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Maak S, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Erickson HP. Progress and Challenges in the Biology of FNDC5 and Irisin. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:436-456. [PMID: 33493316 PMCID: PMC8284618 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2002, a transmembrane protein-now known as FNDC5-was discovered and shown to be expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. It was virtually ignored for 10 years, until a study in 2012 proposed that, in response to exercise, the ectodomain of skeletal muscle FNDC5 was cleaved, traveled to white adipose tissue, and induced browning. The wasted energy of this browning raised the possibility that this myokine, named irisin, might mediate some beneficial effects of exercise. Since then, more than 1000 papers have been published exploring the roles of irisin. A major interest has been on adipose tissue and metabolism, following up the major proposal from 2012. Many studies correlating plasma irisin levels with physiological conditions have been questioned for using flawed assays for irisin concentration. However, experiments altering irisin levels by injecting recombinant irisin or by gene knockout are more promising. Recent discoveries have suggested potential roles of irisin in bone remodeling and in the brain, with effects potentially related to Alzheimer's disease. We discuss some discrepancies between research groups and the mechanisms that are yet to be determined. Some important questions raised in the initial discovery of irisin, such as the role of the mutant start codon of human FNDC5 and the mechanism of ectodomain cleavage, remain to be answered. Apart from these specific questions, a promising new tool has been developed-mice with a global or tissue-specific knockout of FNDC5. In this review, we critically examine the current knowledge and delineate potential solutions to resolve existing ambiguities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Lee B, Shin M, Park Y, Won SY, Cho KS. Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115795. [PMID: 34071457 PMCID: PMC8198301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatments for most NDs. Meanwhile, numerous studies conducted on human and animal models over the past decades have showed that exercises had beneficial effects on NDs. Inter-tissue communication by myokine, a peptide produced and secreted by skeletal muscles during exercise, is thought to be an important underlying mechanism for the advantages. Here, we reviewed studies about the effects of myokines regulated by exercise on NDs and their mechanisms. Myokines could exert beneficial effects on NDs through a variety of regulatory mechanisms, including cell survival, neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, proteostasis, oxidative stress, and protein modification. Studies on exercise-induced myokines are expected to provide a novel strategy for treating NDs, for which there are no adequate treatments nowadays. To date, only a few myokines have been investigated for their effects on NDs and studies on mechanisms involved in them are in their infancy. Therefore, future studies are needed to discover more myokines and test their effects on NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Myeongcheol Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Youngjae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
- Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.W.); (K.S.C.); Tel.: +82-10-3688-5474 (S.-Y.W.); Tel.: +82-2-450-3424 (K.S.C.)
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
- Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.W.); (K.S.C.); Tel.: +82-10-3688-5474 (S.-Y.W.); Tel.: +82-2-450-3424 (K.S.C.)
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25
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Jodeiri Farshbaf M, Alviña K. Multiple Roles in Neuroprotection for the Exercise Derived Myokine Irisin. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:649929. [PMID: 33935687 PMCID: PMC8086837 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.649929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has multiple beneficial effects on health including decreasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Such effects are thought to be mediated (at least in part) by myokines, a collection of cytokines and other small proteins released from skeletal muscles. As an endocrine organ, skeletal muscle synthesizes and secretes a wide range of myokines which contribute to different functions in different organs, including the brain. One such myokine is the recently discovered protein Irisin, which is secreted into circulation from skeletal muscle during exercise from its membrane bound precursor Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin contributes to metabolic processes such as glucose homeostasis and browning of white adipose tissue. Irisin also crosses the blood brain barrier and initiates a neuroprotective genetic program in the hippocampus that culminates with increased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, exercise and FNDC5/Irisin have been shown to have several neuroprotective effects against injuries in ischemia and neurodegenerative disease models, including Alzheimer's disease. In addition, Irisin has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. In this review we present and summarize recent findings on the multiple effects of Irisin on neural function, including signaling pathways and mechanisms involved. We also discuss how exercise can positively influence brain function and mental health via the "skeletal muscle-brain axis." While there are still many unanswered questions, we put forward the idea that Irisin is a potentially essential mediator of the skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Alviña
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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26
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Pignataro P, Dicarlo M, Zerlotin R, Zecca C, Dell’Abate MT, Buccoliero C, Logroscino G, Colucci S, Grano M. FNDC5/Irisin System in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Update and Novel Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041605. [PMID: 33562601 PMCID: PMC7915567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, the circulating peptide originating from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is mainly expressed by muscle fibers under peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) control during exercise. In addition to several beneficial effects on health, physical activity positively affects nervous system functioning, particularly the hippocampus, resulting in amelioration of cognition impairments. Recently, FNDC5/irisin detection in hippocampal neurons and the presence of irisin in the cerebrospinal fluid opened a new intriguing chapter in irisin history. Interestingly, in the hippocampus of mice, exercise increases FNDC5 levels and upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. BDNF, displaying neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects, is mainly produced by microglia and astrocytes. In this review, we discuss how these glial cells can morphologically and functionally switch during neuroinflammation by modulating the expression of a plethora of neuroprotective or neurotoxic factors. We also focus on studies investigating the irisin role in neurodegenerative diseases (ND). The emerging involvement of irisin as a mediator of the multiple positive effects of exercise on the brain needs further studies to better deepen this issue and the potential use in therapeutic approaches for neuroinflammation and ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Pignataro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.D.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Manuela Dicarlo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.D.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Roberta Zerlotin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari, “Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico” Hospital Tricase, 73039 Lecce, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.T.D.)
| | - Maria Teresa Dell’Abate
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari, “Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico” Hospital Tricase, 73039 Lecce, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.T.D.)
| | - Cinzia Buccoliero
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.D.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari, “Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico” Hospital Tricase, 73039 Lecce, Italy; (C.Z.); (M.T.D.)
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.P.); (M.D.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5478-361
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27
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de Freitas GB, Lourenco MV, De Felice FG. Protective actions of exercise-related FNDC5/Irisin in memory and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 155:602-611. [PMID: 32396989 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The proportion of elderly populations is rapidly booming, and human lifespan has considerably increased in the past century because of scientific and medical advances. However, the winds of change brought by the 21st century made sedentarism one of the factors that renders the brain vulnerable to age-related chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conversely, physical exercise has been shown to stimulate molecular mechanisms beneficial to cognition. Here, we review evidence showing the positive effects of physical exercise in the brain. We further discuss recent evidence that irisin, a myokine stimulated by physical exercise derived from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) transmembrane protein, has neuroprotective actions in the brain. Lastly, we highlight the importance of the crosstalk between the periphery and the brain in cognition and the therapeutic potential of FNDC5/irisin in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme B de Freitas
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies & Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies & Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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