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Chen J, Li P, Zhang T, Xu Z, Huang X, Wang R, Du L. Review on Strategies and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Purification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:811971. [PMID: 35071216 PMCID: PMC8766409 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.811971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a nano-sized subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted from almost all living cells, are capable of transferring cell-specific constituents of the source cell to the recipient cell. Cumulative evidence has revealed exosomes play an irreplaceable role in prognostic, diagnostic, and even therapeutic aspects. A method that can efficiently provide intact and pure exosomes samples is the first step to both exosome-based liquid biopsies and therapeutics. Unfortunately, common exosomal separation techniques suffer from operation complexity, time consumption, large sample volumes and low purity, posing significant challenges for exosomal downstream analysis. Efficient, simple, and affordable methods to isolate exosomes are crucial to carrying out relevant researches. In the last decade, emerging technologies, especially microfluidic chips, have proposed superior strategies for exosome isolation and exhibited fascinating performances. While many excellent reviews have overviewed various methods, a compressive review including updated/improved methods for exosomal isolation is indispensable. Herein, we first overview exosomal properties, biogenesis, contents, and functions. Then, we briefly outline the conventional technologies and discuss the challenges of clinical applications of these technologies. Finally, we review emerging exosomal isolation strategies and large-scale GMP production of engineered exosomes to open up future perspectives of next-generation Exo-devices for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Taiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Israel-Elgali I, Hertzberg L, Shapira G, Segev A, Krieger I, Nitzan U, Bloch Y, Pillar N, Mayer O, Weizman A, Gurwitz D, Shomron N. Blood transcriptional response to treatment-resistant depression during electroconvulsive therapy. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 141:92-103. [PMID: 34182381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently the first-line antidepressant drug treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), defined as failure to achieve remission despite adequate treatment, affects ~30% of persons with MDD. The current recommended treatment for TRD is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), while ketamine is an experimentally suggested treatment. This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) between individuals with TRD and a control group without a psychiatric illness; and between patients with TRD, treated with either standard antidepressant drugs alone, or in combination with ECT or ketamine. Additionally, PBMC transcriptomics were compared between treatment responders, following completion of their treatment protocols. Total RNA was extracted from PBMC of the TRD group at two time points, and RNA and miRNA expression were profiled. Multiple mRNAs and miRNAs were found to be modified, with two protein coding genes, FKBP5 and ITGA2B, which are up- and downregulated, respectively; and several miRNAs have shown changes following successful ECT treatment. Further analysis demonstrated the direct functional regulation of ITGA2B by miR-24-3p. Our findings suggest that PBMC expression levels of FKBP5, ITGA2B, and miR-24-3p should be further explored as tentative ECT response biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifat Israel-Elgali
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Libi Hertzberg
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Shapira
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviv Segev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel
| | - Israel Krieger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel
| | - Uri Nitzan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel
| | - Yuval Bloch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel
| | - Nir Pillar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Mayer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
| | - David Gurwitz
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Gong Y, Wei X, Sun W, Ren X, Chen J, Aweya JJ, Ma H, Chan KG, Zhang Y, Li S. Exosomal miR-224 contributes to hemolymph microbiota homeostasis during bacterial infection in crustacean. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009837. [PMID: 34379706 PMCID: PMC8382196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that exosomes could serve as anti-microbial immune factors in animals. However, despite growing evidences have shown that the homeostasis of the hemolymph microbiota was vital for immune regulation in crustaceans, the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis during pathogenic bacteria infection has not been addressed. Here, we reported that exosomes released from Vibrio parahaemolyticus-infected mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) could help to maintain the homeostasis of hemolymph microbiota and have a protective effect on the mortality of the host during the infection process. We further confirmed that miR-224 was densely packaged in these exosomes, resulting in the suppression of HSP70 and disruption of the HSP70-TRAF6 complex, then the released TRAF6 further interacted with Ecsit to regulate the production of mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and the expression of Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) in recipient hemocytes, which eventually affected hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in response to the pathogenic bacteria infection in mud crab. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first document that reports the role of exosome in the hemolymph microbiota homeostasis modulation during pathogen infection, which reveals the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and innate immune response in crustaceans. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin which are widely involved in the regulation of a variety of pathological processes in mammals. Yet, although the antibacterial function of exosomes has been discovered for many years, the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis remains unknown. In the present study, we identified the miRNAs packaged by exosomes that were possibly involved in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection by modulating hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in crustacean mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Moreover, it was found that miR-224 was densely packaged in exosomes after Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, resulting in the suppression of HSP70 and disruption of the HSP70-TRAF6 complex in recipient hemocytes, then the released TRAF6 was further interacted with Ecsit to regulate ROS and ALFs levels, which eventually affected hemolymph microbiota homeostasis to cope with pathogenic bacteria infection. Our finding is the first to reveal the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in animals, which shows a novel molecular mechanism of invertebrate resistance to pathogenic microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (SL)
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (SL)
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Gong Y, Kong T, Ren X, Chen J, Lin S, Zhang Y, Li S. Exosome-mediated apoptosis pathway during WSSV infection in crustacean mud crab. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008366. [PMID: 32433716 PMCID: PMC7266354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are regulatory molecules that can be packaged into exosomes to modulate cellular response of recipients. While the role of exosomes during viral infection is beginning to be appreciated, the involvement of exosomal miRNAs in immunoregulation in invertebrates has not been addressed. Here, we observed that exosomes released from WSSV-injected mud crabs could suppress viral replication by inducing apoptosis of hemocytes. Besides, miR-137 and miR-7847 were found to be less packaged in mud crab exosomes during viral infection, with both miR-137 and miR-7847 shown to negatively regulate apoptosis by targeting the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Our data also revealed that AIF translocated to the nucleus to induce DNA fragmentation, and could competitively bind to HSP70 to disintegrate the HSP70-Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein) complex, thereby activating the mitochondria apoptosis pathway by freeing Bax. The present finding therefore provides a novel mechanism that underlies the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and apoptosis pathway in innate immune response in invertebrates. As a form of intercellular vesicular transport, exosomes are widely involved in the regulation of a variety of pathological processes in mammals, yet, the role of exosomes during virus infection in crustaceans remains unknown. In the present study, we identified the miRNAs packaged by exosomes that were possibly involved in WSSV infection by mediating hemocytes apoptosis in crustacean mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The results revealed that exosomes released from WSSV-injected mud crabs could suppress viral replication by inducing hemocytes apoptosis. Moreover, it was found that miR-137 and miR-7847 were less packaged in exosomes after WSSV challenge, resulting in the activation of AIF, while AIF could translocate to nucleus to induce DNA fragmentation or disintegrate the HSP70-Bax complex and freeing Bax to mitochondria, which eventually caused apoptosis and suppressed viral infection of the recipient hemocytes. Our finding is the first to reveal the involvement of exosomal miRNAs in antiviral immune response in mud crabs, which shows a novel molecular mechanism of invertebrate resistance to pathogenic microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tongtong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanmeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- * E-mail:
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Gurwitz D. Genomics and the future of psychopharmacology: MicroRNAs offer novel therapeutics
. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [PMID: 31636487 PMCID: PMC6787538 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2019.21.2/dgurwitz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs functioning as regulators of the
transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes. During the last two decades,
studies on miRNAs indicate that they have potential as diagnostic and prognostic
biomarkers for a wide range of cancers. Research interest in miRNAs has moved to
embrace further medical disciplines, including neuropsychiatric disorders, comparing
miRNA expression and mRNA targets between patient and control blood samples and
postmortem brain tissues, as well as in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
This manuscript reviews recent findings on miRNAs implicated in the pathology of mood
disorders, schizophrenia, and autism, as well as their diagnostic potential, and
their potential as tentative targets for future therapeutics. The plausible
contribution of X chromosome miRNAs to the larger prevalence of major depression
among women is also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gurwitz
- Author affiliations: Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Address for correspondence: David Gurwitz, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978 Israel.
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Song W, Zhang W, Li J, Li C, Qiu Y, Fang Y, Jiang Q, Li X, Yan B. Exosomes from EV71-infected oral epithelial cells can transfer miR-30a to promote EV71 infection. Oral Dis 2020; 26:778-788. [PMID: 31958204 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As an extracellular vesicle, exosomes can release from virus-infected cells containing various viral or host cellular elements and could stimulate recipient's cellular response. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus, is known to cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and bring about severe clinical diseases. METHODS Separated the human oral epithelial cells (OE cells) from normal buccal mucosa through enzyme digestion. Performed a comprehensive miRNA profiling in exosomes from EV71-infected OE cells through deep small RNA-seq. Using the Human Antiviral Response RT Profiler PCR Array profiles to explore the interactions of innate immune signaling networks with exosomal miR-30a. Knocked out the MyD88 gene in macrophages using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing method. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that the miR-30a was preferentially enriched in exosomes that released from EV71-infected human oral epithelial cells through small RNA-seq. We found that the transfer of exosomal miR-30a to macrophages could suppress type Ⅰ interferon response through targeting myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and subsequently facilitate the viral replication. CONCLUSIONS Exosomes released from EV71-infected OE cells selectively packaged high level of miR-30a that can be functionally transferred to the recipient macrophages resulted in targeting MyD88 and subsequently inhibited type I interferon production in receipt cells, thus promoting the EV71 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijian Song
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiasu Li
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengxi Li
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingying Qiu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanchun Fang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Gibbons A, Udawela M, Dean B. Non-Coding RNA as Novel Players in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:E11. [PMID: 29657307 PMCID: PMC6027250 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with diverse changes in the brain's transcriptome and proteome. Underlying these changes is the complex dysregulation of gene expression and protein production that varies both spatially across brain regions and temporally with the progression of the illness. The growing body of literature showing changes in non-coding RNA in individuals with schizophrenia offers new insights into the mechanisms causing this dysregulation. A large number of studies have reported that the expression of microRNA (miRNA) is altered in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia. This evidence is complemented by findings that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA host gene sequences can confer an increased risk of developing the disorder. Additionally, recent evidence suggests the expression of other non-coding RNAs, such as small nucleolar RNA and long non-coding RNA, may also be affected in schizophrenia. Understanding how these changes in non-coding RNAs contribute to the development and progression of schizophrenia offers potential avenues for the better treatment and diagnosis of the disorder. This review will focus on the evidence supporting the involvement of non-coding RNA in schizophrenia and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gibbons
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Madhara Udawela
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
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Oved K, Farberov L, Gilam A, Israel I, Haguel D, Gurwitz D, Shomron N. MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of ITGB3 and CHL1 Is Implicated in SSRI Action. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:355. [PMID: 29163031 PMCID: PMC5682014 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant drugs are the first-line of treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) but are effective in <70% of patients. Our earlier genome-wide studies indicated that two genes encoding for cell adhesion proteins, close homolog of L1 (CHL1) and integrin beta-3 (ITGB3), and microRNAs, miR-151a-3p and miR-221/222, are implicated in the variable sensitivity and response of human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) from unrelated individuals to SSRI drugs. Methods: The microRNAs miR-221, miR-222, and miR-151-a-3p, along with their target gene binding sites, were explored in silico using miRBase, TargetScan, microRNAviewer, and the UCSC Genome Browser. Luciferase reporter assays were conducted for demonstrating the direct functional regulation of ITGB3 and CHL1 expression by miR-221/222 and miR-151a-3p, respectively. A human LCL exhibiting low sensitivity to paroxetine was utilized for studying the phenotypic effect of CHL1 regulation by miR-151a-3p on SSRI response. Results: By showing direct regulation of CHL1 and ITGB3 by miR-151a-3p and miR-221/222, respectively, we link these microRNAs and genes with cellular SSRI sensitivity phenotypes. We report that miR-151a-3p increases cell sensitivity to paroxetine via down-regulating CHL1 expression. Conclusions: miR-151a-3p, miR-221/222 and their (here confirmed) respective target-genes, CHL1 and ITGB3, are implicated in SSRI responsiveness, and possibly in the clinical response to antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Oved
- Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Luba Farberov
- Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avial Gilam
- Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ifat Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danielle Haguel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Gurwitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Fu Y, Zhang L, Zhang F, Tang T, Zhou Q, Feng C, Jin Y, Wu Z. Exosome-mediated miR-146a transfer suppresses type I interferon response and facilitates EV71 infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006611. [PMID: 28910400 PMCID: PMC5614653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes can transfer genetic materials between cells. Their roles in viral infections are beginning to be appreciated. Researches have shown that exosomes released from virus-infected cells contain a variety of viral and host cellular factors that are able to modulate recipient’s cellular response and result in productive infection of the recipient host. Here, we showed that EV71 infection resulted in upregulated exosome secretion and differential packaging of the viral genomic RNA and miR-146a into exosomes. We provided evidence showing that miR-146a was preferentially enriched in exosomes while the viral RNA was not in infected cells. Moreover, the exosomes contained replication-competent EV71 RNA in complex with miR-146a, Ago2, and GW182 and could mediate EV71 transmission independent of virus-specific receptor. The exosomal viral RNA could be transferred to and replicate in a new target cell while the exosomal miR-146a suppressed type I interferon response in the target cell, thus facilitating the viral replication. Additionally, we found that the IFN-stimulated gene factors (ISGs), BST-2/tetherin, were involved in regulating EV71-induced upregulation of exosome secretion. Importantly, in vivo study showed that exosomal viral RNA exhibited differential tissue accumulation as compared to the free virus particles. Together, our findings provide evidence that exosomes secreted by EV71-infected cells selectively packaged high level miR-146a that can be functionally transferred to and facilitate exosomal EV71 RNA to replicate in the recipient cells by suppressing type I interferon response. Exosomes are small membrane-encapsulated vesicles that secrete into the extracellular environment. Various proteins and RNA molecules have been identified in exosomes whose content reflects the physiological or pathological state of the host cells. Researches have shown that exosomes released from virus-infected cells contain a variety of viral and host cellular factors that are able to modulate recipient’s cellular responses and result in productive infection of the recipient host. Here, we showed that Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a non-enveloped, single-strand positive sense RNA virus that belongs to the family Picornaviridae and is a major etiologic agent of hand-foot and-mouth disease (HFMD), could stimulate exosome secretion and differential packaging of the viral genomic RNA and miR-146a into exosomes. The exosomal viral RNA could be transferred to and replicate in a new target cell while the exosomal miR-146a suppressed type I interferon response in the target cell, thus facilitating the viral replication. Importantly, in vivo study showed that exosomal viral RNA exhibited differential tissue accumulation as compared to the free virus particles. We postulate that the preferential packaging of miRNA-146a into exosome is a viral strategy of suppressing host innate immunity upon infection and the exosomal EV 71 RNA may play an important pathogenic role in the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Fu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ting Tang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chunhong Feng
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yu Jin
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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