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Wang W, Wang Y, Chi J, Tan X, Hu J, Ma X, Sun X, Che K, Lv W, Wang Y. hUCMSCs carrying exenatide prevent T1DM by improving intestinal microflora composition and islet tissue damage repair. Mol Med 2022; 28:155. [PMID: 36514009 PMCID: PMC9746121 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exenatide is a stable analogue of glucagon-like peptide 1 that can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and has been utilized as adjunctive therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The human umbilical cord is a rich source of MSCs, and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) also show potential to enhance insulin secretion. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of hUCMSCs carrying exenatide in T1DM and further identify the possible mechanisms involved. METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord tissues, identified, and transduced with recombinant lentivirus carrying exenatide to obtain exenatide-carrying hUCMSCs (hUCMSCs@Ex-4). RESULTS The results showed that hUCMSCs@Ex-4 restored the blood glucose levels and body weight of NOD mice, and repressed immune cell infiltration and islet tissue changes. Additionally, in T1DM mice, treatment with hUCMSCs@Ex-4 reduced the blood glucose levels and promoted repair of islet tissue damage. Moreover, hUCMSCs@Ex-4 attenuated renal tissue lesions in T1DM mice. Applying bioinformatic analysis, the effects of hUCMSCs@Ex-4 were suggested to correlate with decreased abundance of pro-inflammatory intestinal bacteria and increased abundance of anti-inflammatory intestinal bacteria. CONCLUSION Overall, the study indicated that hUCMSCs carrying exenatide might improve beneficial intestinal microflora abundance and promote islet tissue damage repair, thereby alleviating T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahao Wang
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Chi
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- grid.510325.0Department of Endocrinology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang City, Weifang, 261000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Hu
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- grid.415912.a0000 0004 4903 149XDepartment of Endocrinology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266000 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Kui Che
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenshan Lv
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266000 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangang Wang
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266000 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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Andreeva–Gateva PA, Mihaleva ID, Dimova II. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk; what the pharmacotherapy can change through the epigenetics. Postgrad Med 2019; 132:109-125. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1681215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina A. Andreeva–Gateva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina D. Mihaleva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka I. Dimova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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3
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Singh R, Kursan S, Almiahoub MY, Almutairi MM, Garzón-Muvdi T, Alvarez-Leefmans FJ, Di Fulvio M. Plasma Membrane Targeting of Endogenous NKCC2 in COS7 Cells Bypasses Functional Golgi Cisternae and Complex N-Glycosylation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 4:150. [PMID: 28101499 PMCID: PMC5209364 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+K+2Cl− co-transporters (NKCCs) effect the electroneutral movement of Na+-K+ and 2Cl− ions across the plasma membrane of vertebrate cells. There are two known NKCC isoforms, NKCC1 (Slc12a2) and NKCC2 (Slc12a1). NKCC1 is a ubiquitously expressed transporter involved in cell volume regulation, Cl− homeostasis and epithelial salt secretion, whereas NKCC2 is abundantly expressed in kidney epithelial cells of the thick ascending loop of Henle, where it plays key roles in NaCl reabsorption and electrolyte homeostasis. Although NKCC1 and NKCC2 co-transport the same ions with identical stoichiometry, NKCC1 actively co-transports water whereas NKCC2 does not. There is growing evidence showing that NKCC2 is expressed outside the kidney, but its function in extra-renal tissues remains unknown. The present study shows molecular and functional evidence of endogenous NKCC2 expression in COS7 cells, a widely used mammalian cell model. Endogenous NKCC2 is primarily found in recycling endosomes, Golgi cisternae, Golgi-derived vesicles, and to a lesser extent in the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike NKCC1, NKCC2 is minimally hybrid/complex N-glycosylated under basal conditions and yet it is trafficked to the plasma membrane region of hyper-osmotically challenged cells through mechanisms that require minimal complex N-glycosylation or functional Golgi cisternae. Control COS7 cells exposed to slightly hyperosmotic (~6.7%) solutions for 16 h were not shrunken, suggesting that either one or both NKCC1 and NKCC2 may participate in cell volume recovery. However, NKCC2 targeted to the plasma membrane region or transient over-expression of NKCC2 failed to rescue NKCC1 in COS7 cells where NKCC1 had been silenced. Further, COS7 cells in which NKCC1, but not NKCC2, was silenced exhibited reduced cell size compared to control cells. Altogether, these results suggest that NKCC2 does not participate in cell volume recovery and therefore, NKCC1 and NKCC2 are functionally different Na+K+2Cl− co-transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Shams Kursan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Y Almiahoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Mohammed M Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Tomás Garzón-Muvdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Francisco J Alvarez-Leefmans
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Mauricio Di Fulvio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University Dayton, OH, USA
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4
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Song Z, Wang H, Zhu L, Han M, Gao Y, Du Y, Wen Y. Curcumin improves high glucose-induced INS-1 cell insulin resistance via activation of insulin signaling. Food Funct 2016; 6:461-9. [PMID: 25474544 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a yellow pigment isolated from Corcuma longan. This research investigates the improvement of curcumin on INS-1 cells with insulin resistance induced by high glucose. INS-1 cells were treated with high glucose (30 mmol L(-1)) for 48 h. Subsequently, the medium was replaced with curcumin for 24 h. Curcumin effectively increased insulin gene expression and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of curcumin-induced insulin expression and secretion in high glucose-induced INS-1 cells was investigated in this study. Curcumin increased the expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT in the INS-1 cells. Moreover, curcumin stimulation increased the expression of PDX-1 and GCK. This investigation suggests that curcumin prevented high glucose-reduced insulin expression and secretion through activation of the PI3K/Akt/GLUT2 pathway in INS-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, 150086, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Cai Y, Lydic TA, Turkette T, Reid GE, Olson LK. Impact of alogliptin and pioglitazone on lipid metabolism in islets of prediabetic and diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:46-57. [PMID: 25801003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure of pancreatic beta (β) cells to elevated glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) as occurs in type 2 diabetes results in loss of β cell function and survival. In Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, β cell failure is associated with increased triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis and disruption of the glycerolipid/FFA (GL/FFA) cycle, a critical arm of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of activation of PPARγ and increased incretin action via dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibition using pioglitazone and/or alogliptin, respectively, on islet lipid metabolism in prediabetic and diabetic ZDF rats. Transition of control prediabetic ZDF rats to diabetes was associated with reduced plasma insulin levels, reduced islet insulin content and GSIS, reduced stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 (SCD 2) expression, and increased islet TAG, diacylglyceride (DAG) and ceramides species containing saturated FA. Treatment of prediabetic ZDF rats with a combination of pioglitazone and alogliptin, but not individually, prevented the transition to diabetes and was associated with marked lowering of islet TAG and DAG levels. Pioglitazone and alogliptin, however, did not restore SCD2 expression, the degree of FA saturation in TAG, DAG or ceramides, islet insulin content, or lower ceramide levels. These findings are consistent with activation of PPARγ and increased incretin action working in concert to restore GL/FFA cycle in β cells of ZDF rats. Restoration of the GL/FFA cycle without correcting islet FA desaturation, production of islet ceramides, and/or insulin sensitivity, however, may place these islets at risk for β cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Thomas Turkette
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Gavin E Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
| | - L Karl Olson
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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6
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Rouse R, Zhang L, Shea K, Zhou H, Xu L, Stewart S, Rosenzweig B, Zhang J. Extended exenatide administration enhances lipid metabolism and exacerbates pancreatic injury in mice on a high fat, high carbohydrate diet. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109477. [PMID: 25291183 PMCID: PMC4188617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study expanded upon a previous study in mice reporting a link between exenatide treatment and exocrine pancreatic injury by demonstrating temporal and dose responses and providing an initial mechanistic hypothesis. The design of the present study included varying lengths of exenatide exposure (3, 6 weeks to 12 weeks) at multiple concentrations (3, 10, or 30 µg/kg) with multiple endpoints (histopathology evaluations, immunoassay for cytokines, immunostaining of the pancreas, serum chemistries and measurement of trypsin, amylase, and, lipase, and gene expression profiles). Time- and dose-dependent exocrine pancreatic injury was observed in mice on a high fat diet treated with exenatide. The morphological changes identified in the pancreas involved acinar cell injury and death (autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, and atrophy), cell adaptations (hypertrophy and hyperplasia), and cell survival (proliferation/regeneration) accompanied by varying degrees of inflammatory response leading to secondary injury in pancreatic blood vessels, ducts, and adipose tissues. Gene expression profiles indicated increased signaling for cell survival and altered lipid metabolism in exenatide treated mice. Immunohistochemistry supported gene expression findings that exenatide caused and/or exacerbated pancreatic injury in a high fat diet environment potentially by further increasing high fat diet exacerbated lipid metabolism and resulting oxidative stress. Further investigation is required to confirm these findings and determine their relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Rouse
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leshuai Zhang
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine Shea
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongfei Zhou
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lin Xu
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharron Stewart
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barry Rosenzweig
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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7
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Tian J, Liu W, Zhen Z, Tong X. Successful treatment of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults with Traditional Chinese Medicine: a case report. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2013; 33:766-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(14)60010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Darsalia V, Mansouri S, Wolbert P, Barde S, Sjöholm A, Patrone C. The specific VPAC2 agonist Bay 55-9837 increases neuronal damage and hemorrhagic transformation after stroke in type 2 diabetic rats. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:133-7. [PMID: 22981158 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
VPAC2 receptor is a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and may also convey neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to determine the potential efficacy of the VPAC2 receptor agonist Bay 55-9837 against stroke in type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. GK rats were treated intravenously once daily for 7 days with 0.25 or 0.025 nmol/kg Bay 55-9837 or vehicle before inducing stroke by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Treatments were then continued for 7 further days. The glycemic effects of Bay 55-9837 were assessed by measuring fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance. The severity of stroke was measured by assessing ischemic volume. The results show that Bay 55-9837 is not effective in lowering fasting glycemia and does not facilitate glucose disposal. The highest dose of Bay 55-9837 (0.25 nmol/kg) led to increased mortality and brain hemorrhage when compared to control. The lower dose of Bay 55-9837 (0.025 nmol/kg) did not increase mortality rate but caused a threefold increase of the ischemic lesion size with signs of brain hemorrhages as compared to control. In conclusion, Bay 55-9837 did not show antidiabetic or antistroke efficacy in the type 2 diabetic GK rat. Contrarily, Bay 55-9837 treatment led to increased mortality and worsening of the severity of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimer Darsalia
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Diabetes Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Lamounier RN, Coimbra CN, White P, Costal FL, Oliveira LS, Giannella-Neto D, Kaestner KH, Corrêa-Giannella ML. Apoptosis rate and transcriptional response of pancreatic islets exposed to the PPAR gamma agonist Pioglitazone. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:1. [PMID: 23298687 PMCID: PMC3598339 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the molecular pathways underlying thiazolidinediones effects on pancreatic islets in conditions mimicking normo- and hyperglycemia, apoptosis rate and transcriptional response to Pioglitazone at both physiological and supraphysiological glucose concentrations were evaluated. Adult rat islets were cultured at physiological (5.6 mM) and supraphysiological (23 mM) glucose concentrations in presence of 10 μM Pioglitazone or vehicle. RNA expression profiling was evaluated with the PancChip 13k cDNA microarray after 24-h, and expression results for some selected genes were validated by qRT-PCR. The effects of Pioglitazone were investigated regarding apoptosis rate after 24-, 48- and 72-h. At 5.6 mM glucose, 101 genes were modulated by Pioglitazone, while 1,235 genes were affected at 23 mM glucose. Gene networks related to lipid metabolism were identified as altered by Pioglitazone at both glucose concentrations. At 23 mM glucose, cell cycle and cell death pathways were significantly regulated as well. At 5.6 mM glucose, Pioglitazone elicited a transient reduction in islets apoptosis rate while at 23 mM, Bcl2 expression was reduced and apoptosis rate was increased by Pioglitazone. Our data demonstrate that the effect of Pioglitazone on gene expression profile and apoptosis rate depends on the glucose concentration. The modulation of genes related to cell death and the increased apoptosis rate observed at supraphysiological glucose concentration raise concerns about Pioglitazone's direct effects in conditions of hyperglycemia and reinforce the necessity of additional studies designed to evaluate TZDs effects on the preservation of β-cell function in situations where glucotoxicity might be more relevant than lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo N Lamounier
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #4305, 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 752B CRB 415 Curie Blvd., 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cassio N Coimbra
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #4305, 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Santo Amaro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter White
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 752B CRB 415 Curie Blvd., 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Flavia L Costal
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #4305, 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Oliveira
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #4305, 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Santo Amaro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Giannella-Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho - Uninove, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 752B CRB 415 Curie Blvd., 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria Lúcia Corrêa-Giannella
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #4305, 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil
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Guglielmi C, Palermo A, Pozzilli P. Latent autoimmune diabetes in the adults (LADA) in Asia: from pathogenesis and epidemiology to therapy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28 Suppl 2:40-6. [PMID: 23280865 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. An effect of this process is chronic hyperglycaemia with disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and with long-term complications of diabetes including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a type of autoimmune diabetes that resembles Type 1 diabetes (T1D), however, it shows a later onset and slower progression towards insulin necessity. Epidemiological studies suggest that LADA may account for 2-12% of all cases of diabetes in adult population. The epidemiology and phenotypic characteristics of LADA may vary between Caucasian and Asian diabetic patients as lifestyle, food habits and body mass index differ between these two populations. Data on LADA from population-based studies in Asia are sparse and only few studies have looked at it. A number of attractive therapeutic interventions may be envisaged for prevention of beta-cell loss in LADA, including hypoglycaemic and immunomodulatory agents. Because the autoimmune process in LADA seems to be slower than in childhood T1D, there is a wider window of opportunities for intervention. In deciding the best therapeutic approach, features of LADA should guide therapy including presence of other comorbidities that may influence the therapeutic choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Guglielmi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy
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Andersson SA, Olsson AH, Esguerra JLS, Heimann E, Ladenvall C, Edlund A, Salehi A, Taneera J, Degerman E, Groop L, Ling C, Eliasson L. Reduced insulin secretion correlates with decreased expression of exocytotic genes in pancreatic islets from patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 364:36-45. [PMID: 22939844 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reduced insulin release has been linked to defect exocytosis in β-cells. However, whether expression of genes suggested to be involved in the exocytotic process (exocytotic genes) is altered in pancreatic islets from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and correlate to insulin secretion, needs to be further investigated. Analysing expression levels of 23 exocytotic genes using microarray revealed reduced expression of five genes in human T2D islets (χ(2)=13.25; p<0.001). Gene expression of STX1A, SYT4, SYT7, SYT11, SYT13, SNAP25 and STXBP1 correlated negatively to in vivo measurements of HbA1c levels and positively to glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in vitro in human islets. STX1A, SYT4 and SYT11 protein levels correspondingly decreased in human T2D islets. Moreover, silencing of SYT4 and SYT13 reduced GSIS in INS1-832/13 cells. Our data support that reduced expression of exocytotic genes contributes to impaired insulin secretion, and suggest decreased expression of these genes as part of T2D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A Andersson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Darsalia V, Mansouri S, Ortsäter H, Olverling A, Nozadze N, Kappe C, Iverfeldt K, Tracy L, Grankvist N, Sjöholm Å, Patrone C. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation reduces ischaemic brain damage following stroke in Type 2 diabetic rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 122:473-83. [PMID: 22150224 PMCID: PMC3268352 DOI: 10.1042/cs20110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a strong risk factor for premature and severe stroke. The GLP-1R (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor) agonist Ex-4 (exendin-4) is a drug for the treatment of T2D (Type 2 diabetes) that may also have neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of Ex-4 against stroke in diabetes by using a diabetic animal model, a drug administration paradigm and a dose that mimics a diabetic patient on Ex-4 therapy. Furthermore, we investigated inflammation and neurogenesis as potential cellular mechanisms underlying the Ex-4 efficacy. A total of seven 9-month-old Type 2 diabetic Goto–Kakizaki rats were treated peripherally for 4 weeks with Ex-4 at 0.1, 1 or 5 μg/kg of body weight before inducing stroke by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and for 2–4 weeks thereafter. The severity of ischaemic damage was measured by evaluation of stroke volume and by stereological counting of neurons in the striatum and cortex. We also quantitatively evaluated stroke-induced inflammation, stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis. We show a profound anti-stroke efficacy of the clinical dose of Ex-4 in diabetic rats, an arrested microglia infiltration and an increase of stroke-induced neural stem cell proliferation and neuroblast formation, while stroke-induced neurogenesis was not affected by Ex-4. The results show a pronounced anti-stroke, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of peripheral and chronic Ex-4 treatment in middle-aged diabetic animals in a preclinical setting that has the potential to mimic the clinical treatment. Our results should provide strong impetus to further investigate GLP-1R agonists for their neuroprotective action in diabetes, and for their possible use as anti-stroke medication in non-diabetic conditions.
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Key Words
- exendin-4 (ex-4)
- goto–kakizaki (gk) rat
- middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao)
- neurogenesis
- neuroprotection
- brdu, bromodeoxyuridine
- bw, body weight
- cns, central nervous system
- dapi, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- dcx, doublecortin
- ex-4, exendin-4
- gk, goto–kakizaki
- glp-1r, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
- ihc, immunohistochemistry
- mca, middle cerebral artery
- mcao, mca occlusion
- svz, subventricular zone
- t2d, type 2 diabetes
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimer Darsalia
- *Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shiva Mansouri
- *Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- *Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Olverling
- *Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nino Nozadze
- *Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Kappe
- *Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Iverfeldt
- †Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda M. Tracy
- †Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Grankvist
- *Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Sjöholm
- *Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cesare Patrone
- *Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Morrison FS, Johnstone KA, Harries LW. Physiological effects of Type 2 diabetes on mRNA processing and gene expression. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2011; 6:255-267. [PMID: 30290446 DOI: 10.1586/eem.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Characteristics of Type 2 diabetes include both high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and raised cholesterol and triglycerides (hyperlipidemia). Several studies have now shown that both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can alter gene expression by disrupting physiological mechanisms of gene regulation, including alternative mRNA splicing, epigenetic gene regulation and miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression. These processes may also be influenced by intracellular oxidative stress, which is increased in diabetes and in response to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Many pathways relevant to diabetes are affected by altered gene expression, including lipid and glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. This article considers how hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can alter gene expression in diabetes, which could potentially contribute to the worsening of the diabetic phenotype and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faer S Morrison
- a Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Karen A Johnstone
- a Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Lorna W Harries
- a Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
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14
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Kilbride SM, Farrelly AM, Bonner C, Ward MW, Nyhan KC, Concannon CG, Wollheim CB, Byrne MM, Prehn JHM. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates apoptosis in response to bioenergetic stress through activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology domain-3-only protein BMF. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:36199-206. [PMID: 20841353 PMCID: PMC2975242 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.138107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A) gene result in the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes-of-the-young type 3, (HNF1A-MODY). This disorder is characterized by a primary defect in metabolism-secretion coupling and decreased beta cell mass, attributed to excessive beta cell apoptosis. Here, we investigated the link between energy stress and apoptosis activation following HNF1A inactivation. This study employed single cell fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, gene expression analysis, and gene silencing to study the effects of overexpression of dominant-negative (DN)-HNF1A expression on cellular bioenergetics and apoptosis in INS-1 cells. Induction of DN-HNF1A expression led to reduced ATP levels and diminished the bioenergetic response to glucose. This was coupled with activation of the bioenergetic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which preceded the onset of apoptosis. Pharmacological activation of AMPK using aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) was sufficient to induce apoptosis in naive cells. Conversely, inhibition of AMPK with compound C or AMPKα gene silencing protected against DN-HNF1A-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, AMPK mediated the induction of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology domain-3-only protein Bmf (Bcl-2-modifying factor). Bmf expression was also elevated in islets of DN-HNF1A transgenic mice. Furthermore, knockdown of Bmf expression in INS-1 cells using siRNA was sufficient to protect against DN-HNF1A-induced apoptosis. Our study suggests that overexpression of DN-HNF1A induces bioenergetic stress and activation of AMPK. This in turn mediates the transcriptional activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-homology protein BMF, coupling prolonged energy stress to apoptosis activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán M. Kilbride
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Caroline Bonner
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manus W. Ward
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kristine C. Nyhan
- the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland, and
| | - Caoimhín G. Concannon
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claes B. Wollheim
- the Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria M. Byrne
- the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland, and
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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15
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El-Assaad W, Joly E, Barbeau A, Sladek R, Buteau J, Maestre I, Pepin E, Zhao S, Iglesias J, Roche E, Prentki M. Glucolipotoxicity alters lipid partitioning and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, cholesterol, and ceramide deposition and reactive oxygen species production in INS832/13 ss-cells. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3061-73. [PMID: 20444946 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated glucose and saturated fatty acids synergize in inducing apoptosis in INS832/13 cells and in human islet cells. In order to gain insight into the molecular mechanism(s) of glucolipotoxicity (Gltox), gene profiling and metabolic analyses were performed in INS832/13 cells cultured at 5 or 20 mm glucose in the absence or presence of palmitate. Expression changes were observed for transcripts involved in mitochondrial, lipid, and glucose metabolism. At 24 h after Gltox, increased expression of lipid partitioning genes suggested a promotion of fatty acid esterification and reduced lipid oxidation/detoxification, whereas changes in the expression of energy metabolism genes suggested mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes were associated with decreased glucose-induced insulin secretion, total insulin content, ATP levels, AMP-kinase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and fat oxidation, unchanged de novo fatty acid synthesis, and increased reactive oxygen species, cholesterol, ceramide, and triglyceride levels. However, the synergy between elevated glucose and palmitate to cause ss-cell toxicity in term of apoptosis and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion only correlated with triglyceride and ceramide depositions. Overexpression of endoplasmic reticulum glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase to enhance lipid esterification amplified Gltox at intermediate glucose (11 mm), whereas reducing acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 expression by small interfering RNA to shift lipid partitioning to fat oxidation reduced Gltox. The results suggest that Gltox entails alterations in lipid partitioning, sterol and ceramide accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species production, all contributing to altering ss-cell function. The data also suggest that the early promotion of lipid esterification processes is instrumental in the Gltox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissal El-Assaad
- Molecular Nutrition Unit and the Montreal Diabetes Research Center, the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1W 4A4
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16
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009; 20:512-9. [PMID: 19935200 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328334096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Cernea S, Buzzetti R, Pozzilli P. Beta-cell protection and therapy for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetes Care 2009; 32 Suppl 2:S246-52. [PMID: 19875559 PMCID: PMC2811444 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-s317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cernea
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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