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Puvogel S, Alsema A, North HF, Webster MJ, Weickert CS, Eggen BJL. Single-Nucleus RNA-Seq Characterizes the Cell Types Along the Neuronal Lineage in the Adult Human Subependymal Zone and Reveals Reduced Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Abundance with Age. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0246-23.2024. [PMID: 38351133 PMCID: PMC10913050 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0246-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The subependymal zone (SEZ), also known as the subventricular zone (SVZ), constitutes a neurogenic niche that persists during postnatal life. In humans, the neurogenic potential of the SEZ declines after the first year of life. However, studies discovering markers of stem and progenitor cells highlight the neurogenic capacity of progenitors in the adult human SEZ, with increased neurogenic activity occurring under pathological conditions. In the present study, the complete cellular niche of the adult human SEZ was characterized by single-nucleus RNA sequencing, and compared between four youth (age 16-22) and four middle-aged adults (age 44-53). We identified 11 cellular clusters including clusters expressing marker genes for neural stem cells (NSCs), neuroblasts, immature neurons, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. The relative abundance of NSC and neuroblast clusters did not differ between the two age groups, indicating that the pool of SEZ NSCs does not decline in this age range. The relative abundance of oligodendrocyte progenitors and microglia decreased in middle-age, indicating that the cellular composition of human SEZ is remodeled between youth and adulthood. The expression of genes related to nervous system development was higher across different cell types, including NSCs, in youth as compared with middle-age. These transcriptional changes suggest ongoing central nervous system plasticity in the SEZ in youth, which declined in middle-age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Puvogel
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Alsema
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| | - Hayley F North
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Rockville 20850, Maryland
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13201
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, The Netherlands
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Yin BK, Lázaro D, Wang ZQ. TRRAP-mediated acetylation on Sp1 regulates adult neurogenesis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:472-484. [PMID: 36618986 PMCID: PMC9804013 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a vital role in the function of the central nervous system (CNS), including memory consolidation, cognitive flexibility, emotional function, and social behavior. The deficiency of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) in maintaining the quiescence and entering cell cycle, self-renewal and differentiation capacity is detrimental to the functional integrity of neurons and cognition of the adult brain. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) have been shown to modulate brain functionality and are important for embryonic neurogenesis via regulation of gene transcription. We showed previously that Trrap, an adapter for several HAT complexes, is required for Sp1 transcriptional control of the microtubule dynamics in neuronal cells. Here, we find that Trrap deletion compromises self-renewal and differentiation of aNSCs in mice and in cultures. We find that the acetylation status of lysine residues K16, K19, K703 and K639 all fail to overcome Trrap-deficiency-incurred instability of Sp1, indicating a scaffold role of Trrap. Interestingly, the deacetylation of Sp1 at K639 and K703 greatly increases Sp1 binding to the promoter of target genes, which antagonizes Trrap binding, and thereby elevates Sp1 activity. However, only deacetylated K639 is refractory to Trrap deficiency and corrects the differentiation defects of Trrap-deleted aNSCs. We demonstrate that the acetylation pattern at K639 by HATs dictates the role of Sp1 in the regulation of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kun Yin
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - David Lázaro
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Bachstrasse 18k, 07743 Jena, Germany,Corresponding author at: Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany,.
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3
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Association of complement component 4 with neuroimmune abnormalities in the subventricular zone in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105840. [PMID: 35995342 PMCID: PMC9582995 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An early inflammatory insult is the most recognized risk factor associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, even more so than genetic variants. Notably, complement component 4 (C4), a molecule involved in inflammatory responses, has been strongly associated with schizophrenia (SZ) and its role in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism (ASD), is an area of active investigation. However, while C4 in SZ has been implicated in the context of synaptic pruning, little is known about its neuroinflammatory role. The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a region heavily involved in neurodevelopment and neuroimmune interactions through the lifespan; thus, it is a region wherein C4 may play a vital role in disease pathology. Using in situ hybridization with radioactive riboprobes and RNAscope, we identified robust astrocytic expression of C4 in the SVZ and in the septum pellucidum. C4 was also expressed in ependyma, neurons, and Ki67+ progenitor cells. Examination of mRNA levels showed elevated C4 in both ASD and SZ, with higher expression in SZ compared to controls. Targeted transcriptomic analysis of inflammatory pathways revealed a strong association of complement system genes with SZ, and to a lesser extent, ASD, as well as generalized immune dysregulation without a strong association with known infectious pathways. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that ASD DEGs were enriched in adaptive immune system functions such as Th cell differentiation, while SZ DEGs were enriched in innate immune system functions, including NF-κB and toll like receptor signaling. Moreover, the number of Ki67+ cells was significantly higher in ASD compared to SZ and controls. Taken together, these results support a role for C4 into inflammatory-neuroimmune dysregulation observed in SZ and ASD pathology.
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Sivasangari K, Rajan KE. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid alters Reelin, NGF expressing neuron architecture and impairs social interaction in their autistic-like phenotype male offspring. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2005-2016. [PMID: 35648200 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to anti-epileptic drug Valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy increases the risk for the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this study, we have examined whether prenatal exposure to VPA will alter expression of key genes, synaptic morphology of nerve growth factor (NGF) and Reelin expressing neurons in the cortex of male offspring. To characterize in animal models, rat fetuses were exposed to VPA on 12.5 gestational day. The offspring of the VPA-exposed individuals (42%) resembles ASD-related phenotype (facial malformation, crooked-like tail, flattened paw, toenails and in-turning-ankles). Furthermore, we have observed deficit in social interaction accompanied by deregulation in expression of genes such as Caspase-3, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Reelin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and NGF. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that exposure to VPA alters the cytoarchitecture (area, diameter) and reduced the dendritic arborization of Reelin, NGF expressing neurons in cortex. The compromised neurodevelopment by altered expression of Caspase-3, FAK, Reelin, GFAP, PCNA and NGF may cause defects in neuronal architecture, synaptic formation, synaptic plasticity and neuronal communication which could be linked with observed ASD-like phenotype and deficit social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunanithi Sivasangari
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Takahashi E, Allan N, Peres R, Ortug A, van der Kouwe AJW, Valli B, Ethier E, Levman J, Baumer N, Tsujimura K, Vargas-Maya NI, McCracken TA, Lee R, Maunakea AK. Integration of structural MRI and epigenetic analyses hint at linked cellular defects of the subventricular zone and insular cortex in autism: Findings from a case study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1023665. [PMID: 36817099 PMCID: PMC9935943 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1023665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication and repetitive, restrictive behaviors, features supported by cortical activity. Given the importance of the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventrical to cortical development, we compared molecular, cellular, and structural differences in the SVZ and linked cortical regions in specimens of ASD cases and sex and age-matched unaffected brain. Methods We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tractography on ex vivo postmortem brain samples, which we further analyzed by Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS), Flow Cytometry, and RT qPCR. Results Through MRI, we observed decreased tractography pathways from the dorsal SVZ, increased pathways from the posterior ventral SVZ to the insular cortex, and variable cortical thickness within the insular cortex in ASD diagnosed case relative to unaffected controls. Long-range tractography pathways from and to the insula were also reduced in the ASD case. FACS-based cell sorting revealed an increased population of proliferating cells in the SVZ of ASD case relative to the unaffected control. Targeted qPCR assays of SVZ tissue demonstrated significantly reduced expression levels of genes involved in differentiation and migration of neurons in ASD relative to the control counterpart. Finally, using genome-wide DNA methylation analyses, we identified 19 genes relevant to neurological development, function, and disease, 7 of which have not previously been described in ASD, that were significantly differentially methylated in autistic SVZ and insula specimens. Conclusion These findings suggest a hypothesis that epigenetic changes during neurodevelopment alter the trajectory of proliferation, migration, and differentiation in the SVZ, impacting cortical structure and function and resulting in ASD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nina Allan
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Rafael Peres
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Alpen Ortug
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andre J W van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Briana Valli
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ethier
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Levman
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Nicole Baumer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nauru Idalia Vargas-Maya
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Trevor A McCracken
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Rosa Lee
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Alika K Maunakea
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Gault N, Szele FG. Immunohistochemical evidence for adult human neurogenesis in health and disease. WIREs Mech Dis 2021; 13:e1526. [PMID: 34730290 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal and adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and subgranular zone of animals such as rodents and non-human primates has been observed with many different technical approaches. Since most techniques used in animals cannot be used in humans, the majority of human neurogenesis studies rely on postmortem immunohistochemistry. This technique is difficult in human tissue, due to poor and variable preservation of antigens and samples. Nevertheless, a survey of the literature reveals that most published studies provide evidence for childhood and adult neurogenesis in the human brain stem cell niches. There are some conflicting results even when assessing the same markers and when using the same antibodies. Focusing on immunohistochemical studies on post-mortem human sections, we discuss the relative robustness of the literature on adult neurogenesis. We also discuss the response of the subventricular and subgranular zones to human disease, showing that the two niches can respond differently and that the stage of disease impacts neurogenesis levels. Thus, we highlight strong evidence for adult human neurogenesis, discuss other work that did not find it, describe obstacles in analysis, and offer other approaches to evaluate the neurogenic potential of the subventricular and subgranular zones of Homo sapiens. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Reproductive System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Kamimura K. Roles of Glypican and Heparan Sulfate at the Synapses. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2021. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2017.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kamimura
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
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8
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Kamimura K. Roles of Glypican and Heparan Sulfate at the Synapses. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2021. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2017.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kamimura
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
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9
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Fetit R, Hillary RF, Price DJ, Lawrie SM. The neuropathology of autism: A systematic review of post-mortem studies of autism and related disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:35-62. [PMID: 34273379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-mortem studies allow for the direct investigation of brain tissue in those with autism and related disorders. Several review articles have focused on aspects of post-mortem abnormalities but none has brought together the entire post-mortem literature. Here, we systematically review the evidence from post-mortem studies of autism, and of related disorders that present with autistic features. The literature consists of a small body of studies with small sample sizes, but several remarkably consistent findings are evident. Cortical layering is largely undisturbed, but there are consistent reductions in minicolumn numbers and aberrant myelination. Transcriptomics repeatedly implicate abberant synaptic, metabolic, proliferation, apoptosis and immune pathways. Sufficient replicated evidence is available to implicate non-coding RNA, aberrant epigenetic profiles, GABAergic, glutamatergic and glial dysfunction in autism pathogenesis. Overall, the cerebellum and frontal cortex are most consistently implicated, sometimes revealing distinct region-specific alterations. The literature on related disorders such as Rett syndrome, Fragile X and copy number variations (CNVs) predisposing to autism is particularly small and inconclusive. Larger studies, matched for gender, developmental stage, co-morbidities and drug treatment are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Fetit
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
| | - Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David J Price
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK; Patrick Wild Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
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10
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Wang Y, Lafon PA, Salvador-Prince L, Gines AR, Trousse F, Torrent J, Prevostel C, Crozet C, Liu J, Perrier V. Prenatal exposure to low doses of fungicides corrupts neurogenesis in neonates. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110829. [PMID: 33548298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis plays a crucial role during neurodevelopment and its dysfunction can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. A recent hypothesis stipulates that exogenous factors could corrupt this process and predispose to neurodegenerative disorders later in life. The presence of pesticide residues in the diet represents a threat of which we have recently become aware of. Indeed, they could corrupt neurogenesis, especially during gestation, potentially leading to impaired neuronal and synaptic functions. Since the effects of this low-noise contamination have not yet been evaluated on the neurodevelopment, we investigated the impact of fungicide residues on WT mice exposed throughout gestation. Thus, mice were exposed to fungicides, cyprodinil, mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil, alone at 0.1 μg/L during gestation until P3. Besides, another group was exposed to a cocktail of these three fungicides (0.1 μg/L each) for the same time. Exposure was performed through drinking water at the regulatory limit dose of the European countries (0.1 μg/L). No general toxicity was observed in neonates on body and brain weight upon fungicide exposure. However, results showed that gestational exposure to fungicide residues substantially promoted an increase of neural precursor cells at P3. This corrupted neurogenesis was linked to increased levels of β-catenin, likely through the crosstalk of the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, both involved in cell proliferation. Fungicide exposure also altered protein expression of PSD95 and NMDA receptors in P3 neonates, two targets of the β-catenin signaling pathway. Adult neural stem cell extractions from mice treated with the fungicide cocktail, showed an increase proliferation and differentiation combined with a reduction of their migration properties. In addition, in vitro studies on hippocampal primary cell cultures treated with various concentrations of fungicides showed neurotoxic effects. To conclude, corruption of neurogenesis by this chemical assault could be a fertile ground for the development of neurological diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wang
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, International Research Centre for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China; MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-André Lafon
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, International Research Centre for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China; MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Salvador-Prince
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France; INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Aroa Relano Gines
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Joan Torrent
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France; INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Carole Crozet
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France; IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, International Research Centre for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Véronique Perrier
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France; INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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11
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Kamimura K, Maeda N. Glypicans and Heparan Sulfate in Synaptic Development, Neural Plasticity, and Neurological Disorders. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:595596. [PMID: 33679334 PMCID: PMC7928303 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.595596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix, which bear long polysaccharides called heparan sulfate (HS) attached to the core proteins. HSPGs interact with a variety of ligand proteins through the HS chains, and mutations in HSPG-related genes influence many biological processes and cause various diseases. In particular, recent findings from vertebrate and invertebrate studies have raised the importance of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HSPGs, glypicans, as central players in the development and functions of synapses. Glypicans are important components of the synapse-organizing protein complexes and serve as ligands for leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins (LRRTMs), leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) family receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), and G-protein-coupled receptor 158 (GPR158), regulating synapse formation. Many of these interactions are mediated by the HS chains of glypicans. Neurexins (Nrxs) are also synthesized as HSPGs and bind to some ligands in common with glypicans through HS chains. Therefore, glypicans and Nrxs may act competitively at the synapses. Furthermore, glypicans regulate the postsynaptic expression levels of ionotropic glutamate receptors, controlling the electrophysiological properties and non-canonical BMP signaling of synapses. Dysfunctions of glypicans lead to failures in neuronal network formation, malfunction of synapses, and abnormal behaviors that are characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent human genetics revealed that glypicans and HS are associated with autism spectrum disorder, neuroticism, and schizophrenia. In this review, we introduce the studies showing the roles of glypicans and HS in synapse formation, neural plasticity, and neurological disorders, especially focusing on the mouse and Drosophila as potential models for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kamimura
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Maeda
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
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12
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Sciara AN, Beasley B, Crawford JD, Anderson EP, Carrasco T, Zheng S, Ordway GA, Chandley MJ. Neuroinflammatory Gene Expression Alterations in Anterior Cingulate Cortical White and Gray Matter of Males With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2020; 13:870-884. [PMID: 32129578 PMCID: PMC7540672 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for putative pathophysiological mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including peripheral inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, white matter alterations, and abnormal synaptic overgrowth, indicate a possible involvement of neuroinflammation in the disorder. Neuroinflammation plays a role in the development and maintenance of the dendritic spines involved in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, and also influences blood-brain permeability. Cytokines released from microglia can impact the length, location or organization of dendritic spines on excitatory and inhibitory cells as well as recruit and impact glial cell function around the neurons. In this study, gene expression levels of anti- and pro-inflammatory signaling molecules, as well as oligodendrocyte and astrocyte marker proteins, were measured in both gray and white matter tissue in the anterior cingulate cortex from ASD and age-matched typically developing (TD) control brain donors, ranging from ages 4 to 37 years. Expression levels of the pro-inflammatory gene, HLA-DR, were significantly reduced in gray matter and expression levels of the anti-inflammatory gene MRC1 were significantly elevated in white matter from ASD donors as compared to TD donors, but neither retained statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Modest trends toward differences in expression levels were also observed for the pro-inflammatory (CD68, IL1β) and anti-inflammatory genes (IGF1, IGF1R) comparing ASD donors to TD donors. The direction of gene expression changes comparing ASD to TD donors did not reveal consistent findings implicating an elevated pro- or anti-inflammatory state in ASD. However, altered expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression indicates some involvement of neuroinflammation in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 870-884. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The anterior cingulate cortex is an integral brain region in modulating social behaviors including nonverbal communication. The study found that inflammatory gene expression levels were altered in this brain region. We hypothesize that the inflammatory changes in this area could impact neuronal function. The finding has future implications in using these molecular markers to identify potential environmental exposures and distinct cell differences in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey N. Sciara
- Department of Biological SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTennessee
| | - Brooke Beasley
- Department of Health SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
| | - Jessica D. Crawford
- Department of Biomedical SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
| | - Emma P. Anderson
- Department of Health SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
| | - Tiffani Carrasco
- Department of Health SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
| | - Shimin Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
| | - Gregory A. Ordway
- Department of Biomedical SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEast Tennessee State University, Johnson CityJohnson CityTN
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13
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The role of neuroglia in autism spectrum disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 173:301-330. [PMID: 32711814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglia are a large class of neural cells of ectodermal (astroglia, oligodendroglia, and peripheral glial cells) and mesodermal (microglia) origin. Neuroglial cells provide homeostatic support, protection, and defense to the nervous tissue. Pathological potential of neuroglia has been acknowledged since their discovery. Research of the recent decade has shown the key role of all classes of glial cells in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), although molecular mechanisms defining glial contribution to ASD are yet to be fully characterized. This narrative conceptualizes recent findings of the broader roles of glial cells, including their active participation in the control of cerebral environment and regulation of synaptic development and scaling, highlighting their putative involvement in the etiopathogenesis of ASD.
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14
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Yang G, Shcheglovitov A. Probing disrupted neurodevelopment in autism using human stem cell-derived neurons and organoids: An outlook into future diagnostics and drug development. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:6-33. [PMID: 31398277 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction, repetitive or restrictive behaviors, and problems with speech. According to a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in 68 children in the US is diagnosed with ASDs. Although ASD-related diagnostics and the knowledge of ASD-associated genetic abnormalities have improved in recent years, our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways disrupted in ASD remains very limited. As a result, no specific therapies or medications are available for individuals with ASDs. In this review, we describe the neurodevelopmental processes that are likely affected in the brains of individuals with ASDs and discuss how patient-specific stem cell-derived neurons and organoids can be used for investigating these processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Finally, we propose a discovery pipeline to be used in the future for identifying the cellular and molecular deficits and developing novel personalized therapies for individuals with idiopathic ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alex Shcheglovitov
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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15
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Neural stem cells in neuropsychiatric disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 48:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Forde NJ, Naaijen J, Lythgoe DJ, Akkermans SEA, Openneer TJC, Dietrich A, Zwiers MP, Hoekstra PJ, Buitelaar JK. Multi-modal imaging investigation of anterior cingulate cortex cytoarchitecture in neurodevelopment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:13-23. [PMID: 29223496 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Multi-modal imaging may improve our understanding of the relationship between cortical morphology and cytoarchitecture. To this end we integrated the analyses of several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) metrics within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Considering the ACCs role in neurodevelopmental disorders, we also investigated the association between neuropsychiatric symptoms and the various metrics. T1 and diffusion-weighted MRI and 1H-MRS (ACC voxel) data along with phenotypic information were acquired from children (8-12 years) with various neurodevelopmental disorders (n=95) and healthy controls (n=50). From within the MRS voxel mean diffusivity (MD) of the grey matter fraction, intrinsic curvature (IC) of the surface and concentrations of creatine, choline, glutamate, N-acetylaspartate and myo-inositol were extracted. Linear models were used to investigate if the neurochemicals predicted MD and IC or if MD predicted IC. Finally, measures of various symptom severities were included to determine the influence of symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders. All five neurochemicals inversely predicted MD (all puncorrected<0.04, β=0.23-0.36). There was no association between IC and MD or IC and the neurochemicals (all p>0.05). Severity of autism symptoms related positively to MD (puncorrected=0.002, β=0.39). Our findings support the notion that the neurochemicals relate to cytoarchitecture within the cortex. Additionally, we showed that autism symptoms across participants relate to the ACC cytoarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Forde
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of (Child and Adolescent) Psychiatry, Postbus 660, 9700 AR Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Lythgoe
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie E A Akkermans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thaïra J C Openneer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of (Child and Adolescent) Psychiatry, Postbus 660, 9700 AR Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of (Child and Adolescent) Psychiatry, Postbus 660, 9700 AR Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of (Child and Adolescent) Psychiatry, Postbus 660, 9700 AR Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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17
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Ponti G, Farinetti A, Marraudino M, Panzica G, Gotti S. Sex Steroids and Adult Neurogenesis in the Ventricular-Subventricular Zone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:156. [PMID: 29686651 PMCID: PMC5900029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The forebrain ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) continuously generates new neurons throughout life. Neural stem cells (type B1 cells) along the lateral ventricle become activated, self-renew, and give rise to proliferating precursors which progress along the neurogenic lineage from intermediate progenitors (type C cells) to neuroblasts (type A cells). Neuroblasts proliferate and migrate into the olfactory bulb and differentiate into different interneuronal types. Multiple factors regulate each step of this process. Newly generated olfactory bulb interneurons are an important relay station in the olfactory circuits, controlling social recognition, reproductive behavior, and parental care. Those behaviors are strongly sexually dimorphic and changes throughout life from puberty through aging and in the reproductive age during estrous cycle and gestation. Despite the key role of sex hormones in regulating those behaviors, their contribution in modulating adult neurogenesis in V-SVZ is underestimated. Here, we compare the literature highlighting the sexual dimorphism and the differences across the physiological phases of the animal for the different cell types and steps through the neurogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Ponti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco,Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Ponti,
| | - Alice Farinetti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marilena Marraudino
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - GianCarlo Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Gotti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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18
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Adorjan I, Ahmed B, Feher V, Torso M, Krug K, Esiri M, Chance SA, Szele FG. Calretinin interneuron density in the caudate nucleus is lower in autism spectrum disorder. Brain 2017; 140:2028-2040. [PMID: 29177493 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a debilitating condition with possible neurodevelopmental origins but unknown neuroanatomical correlates. Whereas investigators have paid much attention to the cerebral cortex, few studies have detailed the basal ganglia in autism. The caudate nucleus may be involved in the repetitive movements and limbic changes of autism. We used immunohistochemistry for calretinin and neuropeptide Y in 24 age- and gender-matched patients with autism spectrum disorder and control subjects ranging in age from 13 to 69 years. Patients with autism had a 35% lower density of calretinin+ interneurons in the caudate that was driven by loss of small calretinin+ neurons. This was not caused by altered size of the caudate, as its cross-sectional surface areas were similar between diagnostic groups. Controls exhibited an age-dependent increase in the density of medium and large calretinin+ neurons, whereas subjects with autism did not. Diagnostic groups did not differ regarding ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1+ immunoreactivity for microglia, suggesting chronic inflammation did not cause the decreased calretinin+ density. There was no statistically significant difference in the density of neuropeptide Y+ neurons between subjects with autism and controls. The decreased calretinin+ density may disrupt the excitation/inhibition balance in the caudate leading to dysfunctional corticostriatal circuits. The description of such changes in autism spectrum disorder may clarify pathomechanisms and thereby help identify targets for drug intervention and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Adorjan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bashir Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Virginia Feher
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mario Torso
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristine Krug
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margaret Esiri
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven A Chance
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Varghese M, Keshav N, Jacot-Descombes S, Warda T, Wicinski B, Dickstein DL, Harony-Nicolas H, De Rubeis S, Drapeau E, Buxbaum JD, Hof PR. Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:537-566. [PMID: 28584888 PMCID: PMC5693718 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a major impact on the development and social integration of affected individuals and is the most heritable of psychiatric disorders. An increase in the incidence of ASD cases has prompted a surge in research efforts on the underlying neuropathologic processes. We present an overview of current findings in neuropathology studies of ASD using two investigational approaches, postmortem human brains and ASD animal models, and discuss the overlap, limitations, and significance of each. Postmortem examination of ASD brains has revealed global changes including disorganized gray and white matter, increased number of neurons, decreased volume of neuronal soma, and increased neuropil, the last reflecting changes in densities of dendritic spines, cerebral vasculature and glia. Both cortical and non-cortical areas show region-specific abnormalities in neuronal morphology and cytoarchitectural organization, with consistent findings reported from the prefrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, frontoinsular cortex, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and brainstem. The paucity of postmortem human studies linking neuropathology to the underlying etiology has been partly addressed using animal models to explore the impact of genetic and non-genetic factors clinically relevant for the ASD phenotype. Genetically modified models include those based on well-studied monogenic ASD genes (NLGN3, NLGN4, NRXN1, CNTNAP2, SHANK3, MECP2, FMR1, TSC1/2), emerging risk genes (CHD8, SCN2A, SYNGAP1, ARID1B, GRIN2B, DSCAM, TBR1), and copy number variants (15q11-q13 deletion, 15q13.3 microdeletion, 15q11-13 duplication, 16p11.2 deletion and duplication, 22q11.2 deletion). Models of idiopathic ASD include inbred rodent strains that mimic ASD behaviors as well as models developed by environmental interventions such as prenatal exposure to sodium valproate, maternal autoantibodies, and maternal immune activation. In addition to replicating some of the neuropathologic features seen in postmortem studies, a common finding in several animal models of ASD is altered density of dendritic spines, with the direction of the change depending on the specific genetic modification, age and brain region. Overall, postmortem neuropathologic studies with larger sample sizes representative of the various ASD risk genes and diverse clinical phenotypes are warranted to clarify putative etiopathogenic pathways further and to promote the emergence of clinically relevant diagnostic and therapeutic tools. In addition, as genetic alterations may render certain individuals more vulnerable to developing the pathological changes at the synapse underlying the behavioral manifestations of ASD, neuropathologic investigation using genetically modified animal models will help to improve our understanding of the disease mechanisms and enhance the development of targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merina Varghese
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1639, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Neha Keshav
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1639, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Jacot-Descombes
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1639, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Children and Teenagers, University Hospitals and School of Medicine, Geneva, CH-1205, Switzerland
| | - Tahia Warda
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1639, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bridget Wicinski
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1639, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dara L Dickstein
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1639, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Hala Harony-Nicolas
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Elodie Drapeau
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1639, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1639, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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20
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Xu M, Huang Y, Li K, Cheng X, Li G, Liu M, Nie Y, Geng S, Zhao S. Developmental exposure of decabromodiphenyl ether impairs subventricular zone neurogenesis and morphology of granule cells in mouse olfactory bulb. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:529-539. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Nagy J, Kobolák J, Berzsenyi S, Ábrahám Z, Avci HX, Bock I, Bekes Z, Hodoscsek B, Chandrasekaran A, Téglási A, Dezső P, Koványi B, Vörös ET, Fodor L, Szél T, Németh K, Balázs A, Dinnyés A, Lendvai B, Lévay G, Román V. Altered neurite morphology and cholinergic function of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from a patient with Kleefstra syndrome and autism. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1179. [PMID: 28742076 PMCID: PMC5538124 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish an in vitro Kleefstra syndrome (KS) disease model using the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology. Previously, an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patient with Kleefstra syndrome (KS-ASD) carrying a deleterious premature termination codon mutation in the EHMT1 gene was identified. Patient specific hiPSCs generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the KS-ASD patient were differentiated into post-mitotic cortical neurons. Lower levels of EHMT1 mRNA as well as protein expression were confirmed in these cells. Morphological analysis on neuronal cells differentiated from the KS-ASD patient-derived hiPSC clones showed significantly shorter neurites and reduced arborization compared to cells generated from healthy controls. Moreover, density of dendritic protrusions of neuronal cells derived from KS-ASD hiPSCs was lower than that of control cells. Synaptic connections and spontaneous neuronal activity measured by live cell calcium imaging could be detected after 5 weeks of differentiation, when KS-ASD cells exhibited higher sensitivity of calcium responses to acetylcholine stimulation indicating a lower nicotinic cholinergic tone at baseline condition in KS-ASD cells. In addition, gene expression profiling of differentiated neuronal cells from the KS-ASD patient revealed higher expression of proliferation-related genes and lower mRNA levels of genes involved in neuronal maturation and migration. Our data demonstrate anomalous neuronal morphology, functional activity and gene expression in KS-ASD patient-specific hiPSC-derived neuronal cultures, which offers an in vitro system that contributes to a better understanding of KS and potentially other neurodevelopmental disorders including ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nagy
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Gedeon Richter Plc. Gyömrői út 19-21., Budapest 1103, Hungary. E-mail:
| | | | - S Berzsenyi
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Ábrahám
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - H X Avci
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - I Bock
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Z Bekes
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Hodoscsek
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - P Dezső
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Koványi
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - E T Vörös
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - L Fodor
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Szél
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Németh
- Autism Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Balázs
- Autism Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - B Lendvai
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Lévay
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - V Román
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Bozzi Y, Provenzano G, Casarosa S. Neurobiological bases of autism-epilepsy comorbidity: a focus on excitation/inhibition imbalance. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 47:534-548. [PMID: 28452083 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and epilepsy are common neurological diseases of childhood, with an estimated incidence of approximately 0.5-1% of the worldwide population. Several genetic, neuroimaging and neuropathological studies clearly showed that both ASD and epilepsy have developmental origins and a substantial degree of heritability. Most importantly, ASD and epilepsy frequently coexist in the same individual, suggesting a common neurodevelopmental basis for these disorders. Genome-wide association studies recently allowed for the identification of a substantial number of genes involved in ASD and epilepsy, some of which are mutated in syndromes presenting both ASD and epilepsy clinical features. At the cellular level, both preclinical and clinical studies indicate that the different genetic causes of ASD and epilepsy may converge to perturb the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, due to the dysfunction of excitatory and inhibitory circuits in various brain regions. Metabolic and immune dysfunctions, as well as environmental causes also contribute to ASD pathogenesis. Thus, an E/I imbalance resulting from neurodevelopmental deficits of multiple origins might represent a common pathogenic mechanism for both diseases. Here, we will review the most significant studies supporting these hypotheses. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular determinants of autism-epilepsy comorbidity will pave the way to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Bozzi
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Group, Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy.,CNR Neuroscience Institute, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Provenzano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Simona Casarosa
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Pisa, Italy.,Laboratory of Neural Development and Regeneration, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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23
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Herzine A, Laugeray A, Feat J, Menuet A, Quesniaux V, Richard O, Pichon J, Montécot-Dubourg C, Perche O, Mortaud S. Perinatal Exposure to Glufosinate Ammonium Herbicide Impairs Neurogenesis and Neuroblast Migration through Cytoskeleton Destabilization. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:191. [PMID: 27555806 PMCID: PMC4977287 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis, a process of generating functional neurons from neural precursors, occurs throughout life in restricted brain regions such as the subventricular zone (SVZ). During this process, newly generated neurons migrate along the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb to replace granule cells and periglomerular neurons. This neuronal migration is pivotal not only for neuronal plasticity but also for adapted olfactory based behaviors. Perturbation of this highly controlled system by exogenous chemicals has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. We reported recently that perinatal exposure to low dose herbicide glufosinate ammonium (GLA), leads to long lasting behavioral defects reminiscent of Autism Spectrum Disorder-like phenotype in the offspring (Laugeray et al., 2014). Herein, we demonstrate that perinatal exposure to low dose GLA induces alterations in neuroblast proliferation within the SVZ and abnormal migration from the SVZ to the olfactory bulbs. These disturbances are not only concomitant to changes in cell morphology, proliferation and apoptosis, but are also associated with transcriptomic changes. Therefore, we demonstrate for the first time that perinatal exposure to low dose GLA alters SVZ neurogenesis. Jointly with our previous work, the present results provide new evidence on the link between molecular and cellular consequences of early life exposure to the herbicide GLA and the onset of ASD-like phenotype later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameziane Herzine
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans, France; Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of OrleansOrleans, France
| | - Anthony Laugeray
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans, France; Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of OrleansOrleans, France
| | - Justyne Feat
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans, France; Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of OrleansOrleans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans, France; Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of OrleansOrleans, France
| | - Valérie Quesniaux
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans, France; Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of OrleansOrleans, France
| | - Olivier Richard
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans, France; Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of OrleansOrleans, France
| | - Jacques Pichon
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans, France; Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of OrleansOrleans, France
| | - Céline Montécot-Dubourg
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans, France; Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of OrleansOrleans, France
| | - Olivier Perche
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans, France; Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of OrleansOrleans, France; Genetics Department, Regional HospitalOrleans, France
| | - Stéphane Mortaud
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans, France; Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of OrleansOrleans, France
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Berbel P, Navarro D, Román GC. An evo-devo approach to thyroid hormones in cerebral and cerebellar cortical development: etiological implications for autism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:146. [PMID: 25250016 PMCID: PMC4158880 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological alterations of cortical lamination observed in mouse models of developmental hypothyroidism prompted the recognition that these experimental changes resembled the brain lesions of children with autism; this led to recent studies showing that maternal thyroid hormone deficiency increases fourfold the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), offering for the first time the possibility of prevention of some forms of ASD. For ethical reasons, the role of thyroid hormones on brain development is currently studied using animal models, usually mice and rats. Although mammals have in common many basic developmental principles regulating brain development, as well as fundamental basic mechanisms that are controlled by similar metabolic pathway activated genes, there are also important differences. For instance, the rodent cerebral cortex is basically a primary cortex, whereas the primary sensory areas in humans account for a very small surface in the cerebral cortex when compared to the associative and frontal areas that are more extensive. Associative and frontal areas in humans are involved in many neurological disorders, including ASD, attention deficit-hyperactive disorder, and dyslexia, among others. Therefore, an evo-devo approach to neocortical evolution among species is fundamental to understand not only the role of thyroid hormones and environmental thyroid disruptors on evolution, development, and organization of the cerebral cortex in mammals but also their role in neurological diseases associated to thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Berbel
- Departamento de Histología y Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniela Navarro
- Departamento de Histología y Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gustavo C. Román
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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