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Cetica V, Pisano T, Lesca G, Marafi D, Licchetta L, Riccardi F, Mei D, Chung HYB, Bayat A, Balasubramanian M, Lowenstein DH, Endzinienė M, Alotaibi M, Villeneuve N, Jacobs J, Isidor B, Solazzi R, den Hollander NS, Marjanovic D, Rougeot-Jung C, Jung J, Lesieur-Sebellin M, Accogli A, Salpietro V, Saadi NW, Panagiotakaki E, Foiadelli T, Redon S, Tsai MH, Bisulli F, Hammer TB, Lupski JR, Parrini E, Guerrini R. Clinical and molecular characterization of patients with YWHAG-related epilepsy. Epilepsia 2024; 65:1439-1450. [PMID: 38491959 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE YWHAG variant alleles have been associated with a rare disease trait whose clinical synopsis includes an early onset epileptic encephalopathy with predominantly myoclonic seizures, developmental delay/intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphisms. Through description of a large cohort, which doubles the number of reported patients, we further delineate the spectrum of YWHAG-related epilepsy. METHODS We included in this study 24 patients, 21 new and three previously described, with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in YWHAG. We extended the analysis of clinical, electroencephalographic, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and molecular genetic information to 24 previously published patients. RESULTS The phenotypic spectrum of YWHAG-related disorders ranges from mild developmental delay to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Epilepsy onset is in the first 2 years of life. Seizure freedom can be achieved in half of the patients (13/24, 54%). Intellectual disability (23/24, 96%), behavioral disorders (18/24, 75%), neurological signs (13/24, 54%), and dysmorphisms (6/24, 25%) are common. A genotype-phenotype correlation emerged, as DEE is more represented in patients with missense variants located in the ligand-binding domain than in those with truncating or missense variants in other domains (90% vs. 19%, p < .001). SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that pathogenic YWHAG variants cause a wide range of clinical presentations with variable severity, ranging from mild developmental delay to DEE. In this allelic series, a genotype-phenotype correlation begins to emerge, potentially providing prognostic information for clinical management and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cetica
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pisano
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
- Department of Genetics, University Hospitals of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Laura Licchetta
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Bologna, Italy
| | - Florence Riccardi
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Toulon - La Seyne sur Mer (CHITS), Hôpital Ste Musse, Service de Génétique Médicale, Toulon, France
| | - Davide Mei
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Hon-Yin B Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Meena Balasubramanian
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel H Lowenstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Milda Endzinienė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Nathalie Villeneuve
- Depatment of Pediatric Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital de la Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Jacobs
- Alberta Children's Research Institute, Hodgekiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), l'Institut du Thorax, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Roberta Solazzi
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Julien Jung
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Lesieur-Sebellin
- Department of Genomic Medicine of Rare Disorders, Necker Hospital, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nebal W Saadi
- College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Eleni Panagiotakaki
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Foiadelli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sylvia Redon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
- Université de Brest, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang, UMR 1078, Brest, France
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Brest, France
| | - Meng-Han Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Francesca Bisulli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Trine B Hammer
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elena Parrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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2
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Rashid M, Olson EC. Delayed cortical development in mice with a neural specific deletion of β1 integrin. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1158419. [PMID: 37250402 PMCID: PMC10213249 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion systems employed by migrating cortical neurons are not well understood. Genetic deletion studies of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin in mice suggested that these classical focal adhesion molecules control the morphology and speed of cortical neuron migration, but whether β1 integrins also regulate migration morphology and speed is not known. We hypothesized that a β1 integrin adhesion complex is required for proper neuronal migration and for proper cortical development. To test this, we have specifically deleted β1 integrin from postmitotic migrating and differentiating neurons by crossing conditional β1 integrin floxed mice into the NEX-Cre transgenic line. Similar to our prior findings with conditional paxillin deficiency, we found that both homozygous and heterozygous deletion of β1 integrin causes transient mispositioning of cortical neurons in the developing cortex when analyzed pre- and perinatally. Paxillin and β1 integrin colocalize in the migrating neurons and deletion of paxillin in the migrating neuron causes an overall reduction of the β1 integrin immunofluorescence signal and reduction in the number of activated β1 integrin puncta in the migrating neurons. These findings suggest that these molecules may form a functional complex in migrating neurons. Similarly, there was an overall reduced number of paxillin+ puncta in the β1 integrin deficient neurons, despite the normal distribution of FAK and Cx26, a connexin required for cortical migration. The double knockout of paxillin and β1 integrin produces a cortical malpositioning phenotype similar to the paxillin or β1 integrin single knockouts, as would be expected if paxillin and β1 integrin function on a common pathway. Importantly, an isolation-induced pup vocalization test showed that β1 integrin mutants produced a significantly smaller number of calls compared to their littermate controls when analyzed at postnatal day 4 (P4) and revealed a several days trend in reduced vocalization development compared to controls. The current study establishes a role for β1 integrin in cortical development and suggests that β1 integrin deficiency leads to migration and neurodevelopmental delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eric C. Olson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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Bennison SA, Blazejewski SM, Liu X, Hacohen-Kleiman G, Sragovich S, Zoidou S, Touloumi O, Grigoriadis N, Gozes I, Toyo-Oka K. The cytoplasmic localization of ADNP through 14-3-3 promotes sex-dependent neuronal morphogenesis, cortical connectivity, and calcium signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1946-1959. [PMID: 36631597 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Defective neuritogenesis is a contributing pathogenic mechanism underlying a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Single gene mutations in activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) are the most frequent among autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) leading to the ADNP syndrome. Previous studies showed that during neuritogenesis, Adnp localizes to the cytoplasm/neurites, and Adnp knockdown inhibits neuritogenesis in culture. Here, we hypothesized that Adnp is localized in the cytoplasm during neurite formation and that this process is mediated by 14-3-3. Indeed, applying the 14-3-3 inhibitor, difopein, blocked Adnp cytoplasmic localization. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitations showed that Adnp bound 14-3-3 proteins and proteomic analysis identified several potential phosphorylation-dependent Adnp/14-3-3 binding sites. We further discovered that knockdown of Adnp using in utero electroporation of mouse layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the somatosensory cortex led to previously unreported changes in neurite formation beginning at P0. Defects were sustained throughout development, the most notable included increased basal dendrite number and axon length. Paralleling the observed morphological aberrations, ex vivo calcium imaging revealed that Adnp deficient neurons had greater and more frequent spontaneous calcium influx in female mice. GRAPHIC, a novel synaptic tracing technology substantiated this finding, revealing increased interhemispheric connectivity between female Adnp deficient layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. We conclude that Adnp is localized to the cytoplasm by 14-3-3 proteins, where it regulates neurite formation, maturation, and functional cortical connectivity significantly building on our current understanding of Adnp function and the etiology of ADNP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Gal Hacohen-Kleiman
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Shlomo Sragovich
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Sofia Zoidou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Touloumi
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.
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Radler MR, Liu X, Peng M, Doyle B, Toyo-Oka K, Spiliotis ET. Pyramidal neuron morphogenesis requires a septin network that stabilizes filopodia and suppresses lamellipodia during neurite initiation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:434-448.e8. [PMID: 36538929 PMCID: PMC9905282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons are a major cell type of the forebrain, consisting of a pyramidally shaped soma with axonal and apicobasal dendritic processes. It is poorly understood how the neuronal soma develops its pyramidal morphology, while generating neurites of the proper shape and orientation. Here, we discovered that the spherical somata of immature neurite-less neurons possess a circumferential wreath-like network of septin filaments, which promotes neuritogenesis by balancing the protrusive activity of lamellipodia and filopodia. In embryonic rat hippocampal and mouse cortical neurons, the septin wreath network consists of curvilinear filaments that contain septins 5, 7, and 11 (Sept5/7/11). The Sept5/7/11 wreath network demarcates a zone of myosin II enrichment and Arp2/3 diminution at the base of filopodial actin bundles. In Sept7-depleted neurons, cell bodies are enlarged with hyperextended lamellae and abnormally shaped neurites that originate from lamellipodia. This phenotype is accompanied by diminished myosin II and filopodia lifetimes and increased Arp2/3 and lamellipodial activity. Inhibition of Arp2/3 rescues soma and neurite phenotypes, indicating that the septin wreath network suppresses the extension of lamellipodia, facilitating the formation of neurites from the filopodia of a consolidated soma. We show that this septin function is critical for developing a pyramidally shaped soma with properly distributed and oriented dendrites in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and in vivo in mouse perinatal cortical neurons. Therefore, the somatic septin cytoskeleton provides a key morphogenetic mechanism for neuritogenesis and the development of pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Radler
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Megan Peng
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brenna Doyle
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Byeon S, Werner B, Falter R, Davidsen K, Snyder C, Ong SE, Yadav S. Proteomic Identification of Phosphorylation-Dependent Septin 7 Interactors that Drive Dendritic Spine Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:836746. [PMID: 35602601 PMCID: PMC9114808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.836746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are a family of cytoskeletal proteins that regulate several important aspects of neuronal development. Septin 7 (Sept7) is enriched at the base of dendritic spines in excitatory neurons and mediates both spine formation and spine and synapse maturation. Phosphorylation at a conserved C-terminal tail residue of Sept7 mediates its translocation into the dendritic spine head to allow spine and synapse maturation. The mechanistic basis for postsynaptic stability and compartmentalization conferred by phosphorylated Sept7, however, is unclear. We report herein the proteomic identification of Sept7 phosphorylation-dependent neuronal interactors. Using Sept7 C-terminal phosphopeptide pulldown and biochemical assays, we show that the 14-3-3 family of proteins specifically interacts with Sept7 when phosphorylated at the T426 residue. Biochemically, we validate the interaction between Sept7 and 14-3-3 isoform gamma and show that 14-3-3 gamma is also enriched in the mature dendritic spine head. Furthermore, we demonstrate that interaction of phosphorylated Sept7 with 14-3-3 protects it from dephosphorylation, as expression of a 14-3-3 antagonist significantly decreases phosphorylated Sept7 in neurons. This study identifies 14-3-3 proteins as an important physiological regulator of Sept7 function in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Byeon
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bailey Werner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Reilly Falter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristian Davidsen
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Calvin Snyder
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Smita Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Wen Y, Zhang G, Liu L, Zhang P, lin L, Mei R, Zhang F, Chen Y, Li R. HAP1 interacts with 14-3-3 to regulate epileptic seizure via GABAAR-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission in pentylenetetrazole rat model. Neurosci Res 2022; 182:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Navarrete M, Zhou Y. The 14-3-3 Protein Family and Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:857495. [PMID: 35359567 PMCID: PMC8964262 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.857495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the world population, yet the disorder is not very well understood. The genetics of schizophrenia is very heterogenous, making it hard to pinpoint specific alterations that may cause the disorder. However, there is growing evidence from human studies suggesting a link between alterations in the 14-3-3 family and schizophrenia. The 14-3-3 proteins are abundantly expressed in the brain and are involved in many important cellular processes. Knockout of 14-3-3 proteins in mice has been shown to cause molecular, structural, and behavioral alterations associated with schizophrenia. Thus, 14-3-3 animal models allow for further exploration of the relationship between 14-3-3 and schizophrenia as well as the study of schizophrenia pathology. This review considers evidence from both human and animal model studies that implicate the 14-3-3 family in schizophrenia. In addition, possible mechanisms by which alterations in 14-3-3 proteins may contribute to schizophrenia-like phenotypes such as dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and cytoskeletal dysregulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Antunes ASLM, Saia-Cereda VM, Crunfli F, Martins-de-Souza D. 14-3-3 proteins at the crossroads of neurodevelopment and schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:14-32. [PMID: 33952049 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1925585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 family comprises multifunctional proteins that play a role in neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis and dopamine synthesis. 14-3-3 members function as adaptor proteins and impact a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder and knowledge about its pathophysiology is still limited. 14-3-3 have been proven to be linked with the dopaminergic, glutamatergic and neurodevelopmental hypotheses of schizophrenia. Further, research using genetic models has demonstrated the role played by 14-3-3 proteins in neurodevelopment and neuronal circuits, however a more integrative and comprehensive approach is needed for a better understanding of their role in schizophrenia. For instance, we still lack an integrated assessment of the processes affected by 14-3-3 proteins in the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems. In this context, it is also paramount to understand their involvement in the biology of brain cells other than neurons. Here, we present previous and recent research that has led to our current understanding of the roles 14-3-3 proteins play in brain development and schizophrenia, perform an assessment of their functional protein association network and discuss the use of protein-protein interaction modulators to target 14-3-3 as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S L M Antunes
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Verônica M Saia-Cereda
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Crunfli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Trakadis Y, Accogli A, Qi B, Bloom D, Joober R, Levy E, Tabbane K. Next-generation gene panel testing in adolescents and adults in a medical neuropsychiatric genetics clinic. Neurogenetics 2021; 22:313-322. [PMID: 34363551 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-021-00664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) encompasses a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that may present with psychiatric illness in up to 40% of cases. Despite the evidence for clinical utility of genetic panels in pediatrics, there are no published studies in adolescents/adults with ID or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was approved by our institutional research ethics board. We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of all patients evaluated between January 2017 and December 2019 in our adult neuropsychiatric genetics clinic at the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), who had undergone a comprehensive ID/ASD gene panel. Thirty-four patients aged > 16 years, affected by ID/ASD and/or other neuropsychiatric/behavioral disorders, were identified. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in one-third of our cohort (32%): 8 single-nucleotide variants in 8 genes (CASK, SHANK3, IQSEC2, CHD2, ZBTB20, TREX1, SON, and TUBB2A) and 3 copy number variants (17p13.3, 16p13.12p13.11, and 9p24.3p24.1). The presence of psychiatric/behavioral disorders, regardless of the co-occurrence of ID, and, at a borderline level, the presence of ID alone were associated with positive genetic findings (p = 0.024 and p = 0.054, respectively). Moreover, seizures were associated with positive genetic results (p = 0.024). One-third of individuals presenting with psychiatric illness who met our red flags for Mendelian diseases have pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants which can be identified using a comprehensive ID/ASD gene panel (~ 2500 genes) performed on an exome backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Trakadis
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Room A04.3140, 1001 Boul. Décarie, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Douglas Mental Health Institute/Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - A Accogli
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Room A04.3140, 1001 Boul. Décarie, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - B Qi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Bloom
- Douglas Mental Health Institute/Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R Joober
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health Institute/Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - E Levy
- Douglas Mental Health Institute/Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - K Tabbane
- Douglas Mental Health Institute/Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Ha NT, Liu X, Smith TH, Dougherty KJ, Toyo-Oka K. Rpsa Signaling Regulates Cortical Neuronal Morphogenesis via Its Ligand, PEDF, and Plasma Membrane Interaction Partner, Itga6. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:770-795. [PMID: 34347028 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromorphological defects underlie neurodevelopmental disorders and functional defects. We identified a function for Rpsa in regulating neuromorphogenesis using in utero electroporation to knockdown Rpsa, resulting in apical dendrite misorientation, fewer/shorter extensions, and decreased spine density with altered spine morphology in upper neuronal layers and decreased arborization in upper/lower cortical layers. Rpsa knockdown disrupts multiple aspects of cortical development, including radial glial cell fiber morphology and neuronal layering. We investigated Rpsa's ligand, PEDF, and interacting partner on the plasma membrane, Itga6. Rpsa, PEDF, and Itga6 knockdown cause similar phenotypes, with Rpsa and Itga6 overexpression rescuing morphological defects in PEDF-deficient neurons in vivo. Additionally, Itga6 overexpression increases and stabilizes Rpsa expression on the plasma membrane. GCaMP6s was used to functionally analyze Rpsa knockdown via ex vivo calcium imaging. Rpsa-deficient neurons showed less fluctuation in fluorescence intensity, suggesting defective subthreshold calcium signaling. The Serpinf1 gene coding for PEDF is localized at chromosome 17p13.3, which is deleted in patients with the neurodevelopmental disorder Miller-Dieker syndrome. Our study identifies a role for Rpsa in early cortical development and for PEDF-Rpsa-Itga6 signaling in neuromorphogenesis, thus implicating these molecules in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders like Miller-Dieker syndrome and identifying them as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Ngoc T Ha
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Trevor H Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kimberly J Dougherty
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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11
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Pair FS, Yacoubian TA. 14-3-3 Proteins: Novel Pharmacological Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:226-238. [PMID: 33518287 PMCID: PMC8011313 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a family of proteins expressed throughout the body and implicated in many diseases, from cancer to neurodegenerative disorders. While these proteins do not have direct enzymatic activity, they form a hub for many signaling pathways via protein-protein interactions (PPIs). 14-3-3 interactions have proven difficult to target with traditional pharmacological methods due to the unique nature of their binding. However, recent advances in compound development utilizing a range of tools, from thermodynamic binding site analysis to computational molecular modeling techniques, have opened the door to targeting these interactions. Compounds are already being developed targeting 14-3-3 interactions with potential therapeutic implication for neurodegenerative disorders, but challenges still remain in optimizing specificity and target engagement to avoid unintended negative consequences arising from targeting 14-3-3 signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sanders Pair
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Talene A Yacoubian
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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12
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Ye XG, Liu ZG, Wang J, Dai JM, Qiao PX, Gao PM, Liao WP. YWHAG Mutations Cause Childhood Myoclonic Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures: Molecular Sub-regional Effect and Mechanism. Front Genet 2021; 12:632466. [PMID: 33767733 PMCID: PMC7985244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
YWHAG, which encodes an adapter protein 14-3-3γ, is highly expressed in the brain and regulates a diverse range of cell signaling pathways. Previously, eight YWHAG mutations have been identified in patients with epileptic encephalopathy (EE). In this study, using trios-based whole exome sequencing, we identified two novel YWHAG mutations in two unrelated families with childhood myoclonic epilepsy and/or febrile seizures (FS). The identified mutations included a heterozygous truncating mutation (c.124C>T/p.Arg42Ter) and a de novo missense mutation (c.373A>G/p.Lys125Glu). The two probands experienced daily myoclonic seizures that were recorded with ictal generalized polyspike-slow waves, but became seizure-free with simple valproate treatment. The other affected individuals presented FS. The truncating mutation was identified in the family with six individuals of mild phenotype, suggesting that YWHAG mutations of haploinsufficiency are relatively less pathogenic. Analysis on all missense mutations showed that nine mutations were located within 14-3-3γ binding groove and another mutation was located at residues critical for dimerization, indicating a molecular sub-regional effect. Mutation Arg132Cys, which was identified recurrently in five patients with EE, would have the strongest influence on binding affinity. 14-3-3γ dimers supports target proteins activity. Thus, a heterozygous missense mutation would lead to majority dimers being mutants; whereas a heterozygous truncating mutation would lead to only decreasing the number of wild-type dimer, being one of the explanations for phenotypical variation. This study suggests that YWHAG is potentially a candidate pathogenic gene of childhood myoclonic epilepsy and FS. The spectrum of epilepsy caused by YWHAG mutations potentially range from mild myoclonic epilepsy and FS to severe EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Guang Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Min Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Pei-Xiu Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ping-Ming Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are mostly expressed in the brain and are closely involved in numerous brain functions and various brain disorders. Among the isotypes of the 14-3-3 proteins, 14-3-3γ is mainly expressed in neurons and is highly produced during brain development, which could indicate that it has a significance in neural development. Furthermore, the distinctive levels of temporally and locally regulated 14-3-3γ expression in various brain disorders suggest that it could play a substantial role in brain plasticity of the diseased states. In this review, we introduce the various brain disorders reported to be involved with 14-3-3γ, and summarize the changes of 14-3-3γ expression in each brain disease. We also discuss the potential of 14-3-3γ for treatment and the importance of research on specific 14-3-3 isotypes for an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsil Cho
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
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14
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von Kügelgen N, Chekulaeva M. Conservation of a core neurite transcriptome across neuronal types and species. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 11:e1590. [PMID: 32059075 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular localization of mRNAs allows neurons to control gene expression in neurite extensions (axons and dendrites) and respond rapidly to local stimuli. This plays an important role in diverse processes including neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity, which in turn serves as a foundation for learning and memory. Recent high-throughput analyses have revealed that neurites contain hundreds to thousands of mRNAs, but an analysis comparing the transcriptomes derived from these studies has been lacking. Here we analyze 20 datasets pertaining to neuronal mRNA localization across species and neuronal types and identify a conserved set of mRNAs that had robustly localized to neurites in a high number of the studies. The set includes mRNAs encoding for ribosomal proteins and other components of the translation machinery, mitochondrial proteins, cytoskeletal components, and proteins associated with neurite formation. Our combinatorial analysis provides a unique resource for future hypothesis-driven research. This article is categorized under: RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai von Kügelgen
- Non-coding RNAs and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Gene Regulation, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Chekulaeva
- Non-coding RNAs and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Gene Regulation, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Kim DE, Cho CH, Sim KM, Kwon O, Hwang EM, Kim HW, Park JY. 14-3-3γ Haploinsufficient Mice Display Hyperactive and Stress-sensitive Behaviors. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:43-53. [PMID: 30853823 PMCID: PMC6401549 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3γ plays diverse roles in different aspects of cellular processes. Especially in the brain where 14-3-3γ is enriched, it has been reported to be involved in neurological and psychiatric diseases (e.g. Williams-Beuren syndrome and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). However, behavioral abnormalities related to 14-3-3γ deficiency are largely unknown. Here, by using 14-3-3γ deficient mice, we found that homozygous knockout mice were prenatally lethal, and heterozygous mice showed developmental delay relative to wild-type littermate mice. In addition, in behavioral analyses, we found that 14-3-3γ heterozygote mice display hyperactive and depressive-like behavior along with more sensitive responses to acute stress than littermate control mice. These results suggest that 14-3-3γ levels may be involved in the developmental manifestation of related neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, 14-3-3γ heterozygote mice may be a potential model to study the molecular pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Eon Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Cho
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Sim
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Osung Kwon
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
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16
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Nganou G, Silva CG, Gladwyn-Ng I, Engel D, Coumans B, Delgado-Escueta AV, Tanaka M, Nguyen L, Grisar T, de Nijs L, Lakaye B. Importin-8 Modulates Division of Apical Progenitors, Dendritogenesis and Tangential Migration During Development of Mouse Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:234. [PMID: 30042658 PMCID: PMC6048241 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The building of the brain is a multistep process that requires the coordinate expression of thousands of genes and an intense nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNA and proteins. This transport is mediated by karyopherins that comprise importins and exportins. Here, we investigated the role of the ß-importin, importin-8 (IPO8) during mouse cerebral corticogenesis as several of its cargoes have been shown to be essential during this process. First, we showed that Ipo8 mRNA is expressed in mouse brain at various embryonic ages with a clear signal in the sub-ventricular/ventricular zone (SVZ/VZ), the cerebral cortical plate (CP) and the ganglionic eminences. We found that acute knockdown of IPO8 in cortical progenitors reduced both their proliferation and cell cycle exit leading to the increase in apical progenitor pool without influencing the number of basal progenitors (BPs). Projection neurons ultimately reached their appropriate cerebral cortical layer, but their dendritogenesis was specifically affected, resulting in neurons with reduced dendrite complexity. IPO8 knockdown also slowed the migration of cortical interneurons. Together, our data demonstrate that IPO8 contribute to the coordination of several critical steps of cerebral cortex development. These results suggest that the impairment of IPO8 function might be associated with some diseases of neuronal migration defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Nganou
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,GENESS International Consortium, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carla G Silva
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bernard Coumans
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,GENESS International Consortium, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Antonio V Delgado-Escueta
- GENESS International Consortium, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Epilepsy Genetics/Genomics Lab, Neurology and Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (VA GLAHS), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Miyabi Tanaka
- GENESS International Consortium, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Epilepsy Genetics/Genomics Lab, Neurology and Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (VA GLAHS), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Thierry Grisar
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,GENESS International Consortium, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laurence de Nijs
- GENESS International Consortium, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,MHeNS, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bernard Lakaye
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,GENESS International Consortium, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Cornell B, Wachi T, Zhukarev V, Toyo-Oka K. Regulation of neuronal morphogenesis by 14-3-3epsilon (Ywhae) via the microtubule binding protein, doublecortin. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:4405-4418. [PMID: 28173130 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
17p13.3 microduplication syndrome is a newly identified genetic disorder characterized by duplications in the 17p13.3 chromosome locus, resulting in a variety of disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Importantly, a minimum duplication region has been defined, and this region exclusively contains the gene encoding 14-3-3ε. Furthermore, duplication of this minimum region is strongly associated with the appearance of ASD in human patients, thus implicating the overexpression of 14-3-3ε in ASD. Using in vitro and in vivo techniques, we have found that 14-3-3ε binds to the microtubule binding protein doublecortin preventing its degradation. We also found that 14-3-3ε overexpression disrupts neurite formation by preventing the invasion of microtubules into primitive neurites, which can be rescued by the knockdown of doublecortin. To analyse the function of 14-3-3ε in neurite formation, we used 14-3-3ε flox mice and found that 14-3-3ε deficiency results in an increase in neurite formation. Our findings provide the first evidence of cellular pathology in 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Cornell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Tomoka Wachi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Vladimir Zhukarev
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
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18
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Cornell B, Toyo-Oka K. 14-3-3 Proteins in Brain Development: Neurogenesis, Neuronal Migration and Neuromorphogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:318. [PMID: 29075177 PMCID: PMC5643407 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved, multifunctional proteins that are highly expressed in the brain during development. Cumulatively, the seven 14-3-3 isoforms make up approximately 1% of total soluble brain protein. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated implicating the importance of the 14-3-3 protein family in the development of the nervous system, in particular cortical development, and have more recently been recognized as key regulators in a number of neurodevelopmental processes. In this review we will discuss the known roles of each 14-3-3 isoform in the development of the cortex, their relation to human neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the challenges and questions that are left to be answered. In particular, we focus on the 14-3-3 isoforms and their involvement in the three key stages of cortical development; neurogenesis and differentiation, neuronal migration and neuromorphogenesis and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Cornell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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19
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Guella I, McKenzie MB, Evans DM, Buerki SE, Toyota EB, Van Allen MI, Suri M, Elmslie F, Simon ME, van Gassen KL, Héron D, Keren B, Nava C, Connolly MB, Demos M, Farrer MJ, Adam S, Boelman C, Bolbocean C, Candido T, Eydoux P, Horvath G, Huh L, Nelson TN, Sinclair G, van Karnebeek C, Vercauteren S. De Novo Mutations in YWHAG Cause Early-Onset Epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:300-310. [PMID: 28777935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing has revealed many de novo mutations in the etiology of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (EEs), highlighting their genetic heterogeneity. Additional candidate genes have been prioritized in silico by their co-expression in the brain. Here, we evaluate rare coding variability in 20 candidates nominated with the use of a reference gene set of 51 established EE-associated genes. Variants within the 20 candidate genes were extracted from exome-sequencing data of 42 subjects with EE and no previous genetic diagnosis. We identified 7 rare non-synonymous variants in 7 of 20 genes and performed Sanger sequence validation in affected probands and parental samples. De novo variants were found only in SLC1A2 (aka EAAT2 or GLT1) (c.244G>A [p.Gly82Arg]) and YWHAG (aka 14-3-3γ) (c.394C>T [p.Arg132Cys]), highlighting the potential cause of EE in 5% (2/42) of subjects. Seven additional subjects with de novo variants in SLC1A2 (n = 1) and YWHAG (n = 6) were subsequently identified through online tools. We identified a highly significant enrichment of de novo variants in YWHAG, establishing their role in early-onset epilepsy, and we provide additional support for the prior assignment of SLC1A2. Hence, in silico modeling of brain co-expression is an efficient method for nominating EE-associated genes to further elucidate the disorder's etiology and genotype-phenotype correlations.
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20
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Zhang S, Wu M, Peng C, Zhao G, Gu R. GFAP expression in injured astrocytes in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1905-1908. [PMID: 28962102 PMCID: PMC5609138 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is one of the best markers for the activation of astrocytes (AS) following injury or stress in the central nervous system (CNS). The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of GFAP and 14-3-3ε in rat AS subjected to hypoxia. We established primary cultures of AS from cerebral cortex of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats as a model of glucose deficiency and hypoxia/ischemia-reperfusion. We analyzed the activated astrocyte markers GFAP and 14-3-3ε by western blot analysis and found that both increased over time, starting at 4 h and reaching the highest level at 72 h, at the end of the experiment. GFAP and 14-3-3ε protein localization by double-labeling immunofluorescence showed elevated expression and co-localization in the cytoplasm of AS. GFAP and 14-3-3ε expression remained elevated in AS 72 h after stress conditions, which is possibly related to the excessive activation and dysfunction of the CNS in chronic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjing Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chuangang Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guanjie Zhao
- Department of Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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21
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Wachi T, Cornell B, Toyo-Oka K. Complete ablation of the 14-3-3epsilon protein results in multiple defects in neuropsychiatric behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2016; 319:31-36. [PMID: 27845227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies show that mice with Ywhae deficiency show abnormalities in brain development including defects in neuronal migration of post-mitotic pyramidal neurons as well as neuronal differentiation and proliferation in neuronal progenitor cells. Also, our previous research indicated that the Ywhae knockout mice show moderate defects in working memory and anxiety-like behavior. This previous work was performed using heterozygous mutant mice. Here we performed behavioral analyses using homozygous Ywhae knockout mice and found that the homozygous Ywhae knockout mice have increased locomotor activity, decreased working memory, and increased sociability. Taken together with the results obtained from the previous pathophysiological analyses in the Ywhae knockout mice, the Ywhae knockout mouse is useful for pathophysiological analyses of neuropsychiatric disorders caused by defects during neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Wachi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; Tokyo Nishi Tokushukai Hospital, Akishima, Tokyo 196-0003, Japan.
| | - Brett Cornell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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22
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Cornell B, Wachi T, Zhukarev V, Toyo-Oka K. Overexpression of the 14-3-3gamma protein in embryonic mice results in neuronal migration delay in the developing cerebral cortex. Neurosci Lett 2016; 628:40-6. [PMID: 27288018 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein family is a group of multifunctional proteins that are highly expressed in the brain; however, their functions in brain development are largely unknown. Williams Syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a deletion in the 7q11.23 chromosome locus, including the gene encoding 14-3-3gamma, resulting in developmental delay, intellectual disabilities and epilepsy. We have previously shown that knocking down the 14-3-3gamma protein in utero in mice results in delays in neuronal migration of pyramidal neurons in the cortex. Importantly, there is a reciprocal duplication syndrome to Williams Syndrome where the 7q11.23 locus is duplicated, resulting in epilepsy and intellectual disabilities. Thus, the deletion or the duplication of the 7q11.23 chromosome locus results in epilepsy. Taken together with the fact that defects in neuronal migration are one of main causes for epilepsy, we analyzed if the overexpression of 14-3-3gamma causes neuronal migration defects. In this work, we found that the overexpression of 14-3-3gamma in utero in the developing mouse cortex results in delays in pyramidal neuron migration, similar to what was previously observed when 14-3-3gamma was knocked down. These results, in conjunction with our previous research, indicate that a balance of 14-3-3gamma expression is required during cortical development to prevent delays in neuronal migration. This work provides clear evidence as to the involvement of 14-3-3gamma in neurodevelopmental disorders and how a disruption in 14-3-3gamma expression may contribute to the neurodevelopmental disorders that manifest when the 7q11.23 locus is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Cornell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Tomoka Wachi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Vladimir Zhukarev
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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