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Aldridge CM, Braun R, Lohse K, de Havenon A, Cole JW, Cramer SC, Lindgren AG, Keene KL, Hsu FC, Worrall BB. Genome-Wide Association Studies of 3 Distinct Recovery Phenotypes in Mild Ischemic Stroke. Neurology 2024; 102:e208011. [PMID: 38181310 PMCID: PMC11023036 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Stroke genetic research has made substantial progress in the past decade. Its recovery application, however, remains behind, in part due to its reliance on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score as a measure of poststroke outcome. The mRS does not map well to biological processes because numerous psychosocial factors drive much of what the mRS captures. Second, the mRS contains multiple disparate biological events into a single measure further limiting its use for biological discovery. This led us to investigate the effect of distinct stroke recovery phenotypes on genetic variation associations with Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs) by repurposing the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and its subscores. METHODS In the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention cohort, we estimated changes in cognition, motor, and global impairments over 2 years using specific measures. We included genotyped participants with a total NIHSS score greater than zero at randomization and excluded those with recurrent stroke during the trial. A GWAS linear mixed-effects model predicted score changes, with participant as a random effect, and included initial score, age, sex, treatment group, and the first 5 ancestry principal components. RESULTS In total, 1,270 participants (64% male) were included with a median NIHSS score of 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1-3) and median age 68 (IQR 59-75) years. At randomization, 20% had cognitive deficits (NIHSS Cog-4 score >0) and 70% had ≥1 motor deficits (impairment score >1). At 2 years, these percentages improved to 7.2% with cognitive deficits and 30% with motor deficits. GWAS identified novel suggestive gene-impairment associations (p < 5e-6) for cognition (CAMK2D, EVX2, LINC0143, PTPRM, SGMS1, and SMAD2), motor (ACBD6, KDM4B, MARK4, PTPRS, ROBO1, and ROBO2), and global (MSR1 and ROBO2) impairments. DISCUSSION Defining domain-specific stroke recovery phenotypes and using longitudinal clinical trial designs can help detect novel genes associated with chronic recovery. These data support the use of granular endpoints to identify genetic associations related to stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Aldridge
- From the Department of Neurology (C.M.A., B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (R.B., J.W.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Program in Physical Therapy (K.L.), Washington University; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California Los Angeles; California Rehabilitation Institute (S.C.C.), Los Angeles; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.G.L.), Lund University; Department of Neurology (A.G.L.), Skane University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences (K.L.K., B.B.W.); Center for Health Equity and Precision Public Health (K.L.K.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Biostatistics (F.-C.H.), School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Robynne Braun
- From the Department of Neurology (C.M.A., B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (R.B., J.W.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Program in Physical Therapy (K.L.), Washington University; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California Los Angeles; California Rehabilitation Institute (S.C.C.), Los Angeles; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.G.L.), Lund University; Department of Neurology (A.G.L.), Skane University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences (K.L.K., B.B.W.); Center for Health Equity and Precision Public Health (K.L.K.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Biostatistics (F.-C.H.), School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Keith Lohse
- From the Department of Neurology (C.M.A., B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (R.B., J.W.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Program in Physical Therapy (K.L.), Washington University; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California Los Angeles; California Rehabilitation Institute (S.C.C.), Los Angeles; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.G.L.), Lund University; Department of Neurology (A.G.L.), Skane University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences (K.L.K., B.B.W.); Center for Health Equity and Precision Public Health (K.L.K.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Biostatistics (F.-C.H.), School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Adam de Havenon
- From the Department of Neurology (C.M.A., B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (R.B., J.W.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Program in Physical Therapy (K.L.), Washington University; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California Los Angeles; California Rehabilitation Institute (S.C.C.), Los Angeles; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.G.L.), Lund University; Department of Neurology (A.G.L.), Skane University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences (K.L.K., B.B.W.); Center for Health Equity and Precision Public Health (K.L.K.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Biostatistics (F.-C.H.), School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - John W Cole
- From the Department of Neurology (C.M.A., B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (R.B., J.W.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Program in Physical Therapy (K.L.), Washington University; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California Los Angeles; California Rehabilitation Institute (S.C.C.), Los Angeles; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.G.L.), Lund University; Department of Neurology (A.G.L.), Skane University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences (K.L.K., B.B.W.); Center for Health Equity and Precision Public Health (K.L.K.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Biostatistics (F.-C.H.), School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Steven C Cramer
- From the Department of Neurology (C.M.A., B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (R.B., J.W.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Program in Physical Therapy (K.L.), Washington University; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California Los Angeles; California Rehabilitation Institute (S.C.C.), Los Angeles; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.G.L.), Lund University; Department of Neurology (A.G.L.), Skane University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences (K.L.K., B.B.W.); Center for Health Equity and Precision Public Health (K.L.K.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Biostatistics (F.-C.H.), School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Arne G Lindgren
- From the Department of Neurology (C.M.A., B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (R.B., J.W.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Program in Physical Therapy (K.L.), Washington University; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California Los Angeles; California Rehabilitation Institute (S.C.C.), Los Angeles; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.G.L.), Lund University; Department of Neurology (A.G.L.), Skane University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences (K.L.K., B.B.W.); Center for Health Equity and Precision Public Health (K.L.K.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Biostatistics (F.-C.H.), School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Keith L Keene
- From the Department of Neurology (C.M.A., B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (R.B., J.W.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Program in Physical Therapy (K.L.), Washington University; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California Los Angeles; California Rehabilitation Institute (S.C.C.), Los Angeles; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.G.L.), Lund University; Department of Neurology (A.G.L.), Skane University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences (K.L.K., B.B.W.); Center for Health Equity and Precision Public Health (K.L.K.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Biostatistics (F.-C.H.), School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- From the Department of Neurology (C.M.A., B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (R.B., J.W.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Program in Physical Therapy (K.L.), Washington University; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California Los Angeles; California Rehabilitation Institute (S.C.C.), Los Angeles; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.G.L.), Lund University; Department of Neurology (A.G.L.), Skane University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences (K.L.K., B.B.W.); Center for Health Equity and Precision Public Health (K.L.K.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Biostatistics (F.-C.H.), School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- From the Department of Neurology (C.M.A., B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (R.B., J.W.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Program in Physical Therapy (K.L.), Washington University; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California Los Angeles; California Rehabilitation Institute (S.C.C.), Los Angeles; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (A.G.L.), Lund University; Department of Neurology (A.G.L.), Skane University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences (K.L.K., B.B.W.); Center for Health Equity and Precision Public Health (K.L.K.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Biostatistics (F.-C.H.), School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
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Terzi A, Ngo KJ, Mourrain P. Phylogenetic conservation of the interdependent homeostatic relationship of sleep regulation and redox metabolism. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-023-01530-4. [PMID: 38324048 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is an essential and evolutionarily conserved process that affects many biological functions that are also strongly regulated by cellular metabolism. The interdependence between sleep homeostasis and redox metabolism, in particular, is such that sleep deprivation causes redox metabolic imbalances in the form of over-production of ROS. Likewise (and vice versa), accumulation of ROS leads to greater sleep pressure. Thus, it is theorized that one of the functions of sleep is to act as the brain's "antioxidant" at night by clearing oxidation built up from daily stress of the active day phase. In this review, we will highlight evidence linking sleep homeostasis and regulation to redox metabolism by discussing (1) the bipartite role that sleep-wake neuropeptides and hormones have in redox metabolism through comparing cross-species cellular and molecular mechanisms, (2) the evolutionarily metabolic changes that accompanied the development of sleep loss in cavefish, and finally, (3) some of the challenges of uncovering the cellular mechanism underpinning how ROS accumulation builds sleep pressure and cellularly, how this pressure is cleared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Terzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Keri J Ngo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Mourrain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- INSERM 1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
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Alam SMS, Watanabe Y, Steeno BL, Dutta S, Szilagyi HA, Wei A, Suter DM. Neuronal NADPH oxidase is required for neurite regeneration of Aplysia bag cell neurons. J Neurochem 2023; 167:505-519. [PMID: 37818836 PMCID: PMC10842957 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (Nox), a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is involved in neurodegeneration after injury and disease. Nox is expressed in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells and contributes to an elevated ROS level after injury. Contrary to the well-known damaging effect of Nox-derived ROS in neurodegeneration, recently a physiological role of Nox in nervous system development including neurogenesis, neuronal polarity, and axonal growth has been revealed. Here, we tested a role for neuronal Nox in neurite regeneration following mechanical transection in cultured Aplysia bag cell neurons. Using a novel hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-sensing dye, 5'-(p-borophenyl)-2'-pyridylthiazole pinacol ester (BPPT), we found that H2 O2 levels are elevated in regenerating growth cones following injury. Redistribution of Nox2 and p40phox in the growth cone central domain suggests Nox2 activation after injury. Inhibiting Nox with the pan-Nox inhibitor celastrol reduced neurite regeneration rate. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox is correlated with reduced activation of Src2 tyrosine kinase and F-actin content in the growth cone. Taken together, these findings suggest that Nox-derived ROS regulate neurite regeneration following injury through Src2-mediated regulation of actin organization in Aplysia growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Sabbir Alam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brooke L. Steeno
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Soumyajit Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Halie A. Szilagyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Alexander Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Daniel M. Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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4
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Li Q, Huang L, Ding Y, Sherchan P, Peng W, Zhang JH. Recombinant Slit2 suppresses neuroinflammation and Cdc42-mediated brain infiltration of peripheral immune cells via Robo1-srGAP1 pathway in a rat model of germinal matrix hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:249. [PMID: 37899442 PMCID: PMC10613398 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a devastating neonatal stroke, in which neuroinflammation is a critical pathological contributor. Slit2, a secreted extracellular matrix protein, plays a repulsive role in axon guidance and leukocyte chemotaxis via the roundabout1 (Robo1) receptor. This study aimed to explore effects of recombinant Slit2 on neuroinflammation and the underlying mechanism in a rat model of GMH. METHODS GMH was induced by stereotactically infusing 0.3 U of bacterial collagenase into the germinal matrix of 7-day-old Sprague Dawley rats. Recombinant Slit2 or its vehicle was administered intranasally at 1 h after GMH and daily for 3 consecutive days. A decoy receptor recombinant Robo1 was co-administered with recombinant Slit2 after GMH. Slit2 siRNA, srGAP1 siRNA or the scrambled sequences were administered intracerebroventricularly 24 h before GMH. Neurobehavior, brain water content, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and Cdc42 activity assays were performed. RESULTS The endogenous brain Slit2 and Robo1 expressions were increased after GMH. Robo1 was expressed on neuron, astrocytes and infiltrated peripheral immune cells in the brain. Endogenous Slit2 knockdown by Slit2 siRNA exacerbated brain edema and neurological deficits following GMH. Recombinant Slit2 (rSlit2) reduced neurological deficits, proinflammatory cytokines, intercellular adhesion molecules, peripheral immune cell markers, neuronal apoptosis and Cdc42 activity in the brain tissue after GMH. The anti-neuroinflammation effects were reversed by recombinant Robo1 co-administration or srGAP1 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant Slit2 reduced neuroinflammation and neuron apoptosis after GMH. Its anti-neuroinflammation effects by suppressing onCdc42-mediated brain peripheral immune cells infiltration was at least in part via Robo1-srGAP1 pathway. These results imply that recombinant Slit2 may have potentials as a therapeutic option for neonatal brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Access Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 120 Longshan Access Rd, Yubei District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Wenjie Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Access Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Bhosle VK, Sun C, Patel S, Ho TWW, Westman J, Ammendolia DA, Langari FM, Fine N, Toepfner N, Li Z, Sharma M, Glogauer J, Capurro MI, Jones NL, Maynes JT, Lee WL, Glogauer M, Grinstein S, Robinson LA. The chemorepellent, SLIT2, bolsters innate immunity against Staphylococcus aureus. eLife 2023; 12:e87392. [PMID: 37773612 PMCID: PMC10541174 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential for host defense against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The neuro-repellent, SLIT2, potently inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis, and might, therefore, be expected to impair antibacterial responses. We report here that, unexpectedly, neutrophils exposed to the N-terminal SLIT2 (N-SLIT2) fragment kill extracellular S. aureus more efficiently. N-SLIT2 amplifies reactive oxygen species production in response to the bacteria by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that in turn phosphorylates NCF1, an essential subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex. N-SLIT2 also enhances the exocytosis of neutrophil secondary granules. In a murine model of S. aureus skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), local SLIT2 levels fall initially but increase subsequently, peaking at 3 days after infection. Of note, the neutralization of endogenous SLIT2 worsens SSTI. Temporal fluctuations in local SLIT2 levels may promote neutrophil recruitment and retention at the infection site and hasten bacterial clearance by augmenting neutrophil oxidative burst and degranulation. Collectively, these actions of SLIT2 coordinate innate immune responses to limit susceptibility to S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant K Bhosle
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
| | - Chunxiang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Sajedabanu Patel
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
| | - Tse Wing Winnie Ho
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Johannes Westman
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
| | - Dustin A Ammendolia
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Sciences Building, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Fatemeh Mirshafiei Langari
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Nicole Toepfner
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Zhubing Li
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
| | - Manraj Sharma
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
| | - Judah Glogauer
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Mariana I Capurro
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
| | - Nicola L Jones
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
- Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Jason T Maynes
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Warren L Lee
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer CentreTorontoCanada
- Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health TorontoTorontoCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoCanada
- Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
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Role of NADPH Oxidases in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101966. [PMID: 36290688 PMCID: PMC9598888 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (Nox) are one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the central nervous system (CNS). While these enzymes have been shown to be involved in physiological regulation of cerebral vascular tone, excessive ROS produced by Nox1-5 play a critical role in blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in numerous neuropathologies. Nox-derived ROS have been implicated in mediating matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activation, downregulation of junctional complexes between adjacent brain endothelial cells and brain endothelial cell apoptosis, leading to brain microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction and consequently, increases in BBB permeability. In this review, we will highlight recent findings on the role played by these enzymes in BBB disruption induced by ischemic stroke.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as regulators of key processes supporting neuronal growth, function, and plasticity across lifespan. At normal physiological levels, ROS perform important roles as secondary messengers in diverse molecular processes such as regulating neuronal differentiation, polarization, synapse maturation, and neurotransmission. In contrast, high levels of ROS are toxic and can ultimately lead to cell death. Excitable cells, such as neurons, often require high levels of metabolic activity to perform their functions. As a consequence, these cells are more likely to produce high levels of ROS, potentially enhancing their susceptibility to oxidative damage. In addition, because neurons are generally post-mitotic, they may be subject to accumulating oxidative damage. Thus, maintaining tight control over ROS concentration in the nervous system is essential for proper neuronal development and function. We are developing a more complete understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for control of ROS in these processes. This review focuses on ROS regulation of the developmental and functional properties of neurons, highlighting recent in vivo studies. We also discuss the current evidence linking oxidative damage to pathological conditions associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Villegas L, Nørremølle A, Freude K, Vilhardt F. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases Are Everywhere in Brain Disease, but Not in Huntington's Disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:736734. [PMID: 34803655 PMCID: PMC8602359 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.736734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and tissue atrophy mainly in the striatum and cortex. In the early stages of the disease, impairment of neuronal function, synaptic dysfunction and white matter loss precedes neuronal death itself. Relative to other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, where the effects of either microglia or NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are recognized as important contributors to disease pathogenesis and progression, there is a pronounced lack of information in HD. This information void contrasts with evidence from human HD patients where blood monocytes and microglia are activated well before HD clinical symptoms (PET scans), and the clear signs of oxidative stress and inflammation in post mortem HD brain. Habitually, NOX activity and oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS) are equated with microglia, but research of the last two decades has carved out important roles for NOX enzyme function in neurons. Here, we will convey recent information about the function of NOX enzymes in neurons, and contemplate on putative roles of neuronal NOX in HD. We will focus on NOX-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) as redox signaling molecules in/among neurons, and the specific roles of NOXs in important processes such as neurogenesis and lineage specification, neurite outgrowth and growth cone dynamics, and synaptic plasticity where NMDAR-dependent signaling, and long-term depression/potentiation are redox-regulated phenomena. HD animal models and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) studies have made it clear that the very same physiological processes are also affected in HD, and we will speculate on possible roles for NOX in the pathogenesis and development of disease. Finally, we also take into account the limited information on microglia in HD and relate this to any contribution of NOX enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Villegas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Nørremølle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Dhawan S, Myers P, Bailey DMD, Ostrovsky AD, Evers JF, Landgraf M. Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Activity-Regulated Dendritic Plasticity Through NADPH Oxidase and Aquaporin Regulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:641802. [PMID: 34290589 PMCID: PMC8288108 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.641802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons utilize plasticity of dendritic arbors as part of a larger suite of adaptive plasticity mechanisms. This explicitly manifests with motoneurons in the Drosophila embryo and larva, where dendritic arbors are exclusively postsynaptic and are used as homeostatic devices, compensating for changes in synaptic input through adapting their growth and connectivity. We recently identified reactive oxygen species (ROS) as novel plasticity signals instrumental in this form of dendritic adjustment. ROS correlate with levels of neuronal activity and negatively regulate dendritic arbor size. Here, we investigated NADPH oxidases as potential sources of such activity-regulated ROS and implicate Dual Oxidase (but not Nox), which generates hydrogen peroxide extracellularly. We further show that the aquaporins Bib and Drip, but not Prip, are required for activity-regulated ROS-mediated adjustments of dendritic arbor size in motoneurons. These results suggest a model whereby neuronal activity leads to activation of the NADPH oxidase Dual Oxidase, which generates hydrogen peroxide at the extracellular face; aquaporins might then act as conduits that are necessary for these extracellular ROS to be channeled back into the cell where they negatively regulate dendritic arbor size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene Dhawan
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Neural Circuits and Evolution Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Myers
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David M. D. Bailey
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron D. Ostrovsky
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Felix Evers
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Landgraf
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Terzi A, Alam SMS, Suter DM. ROS Live Cell Imaging During Neuronal Development. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33645566 DOI: 10.3791/62165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-established signaling molecules, which are important in normal development, homeostasis, and physiology. Among the different ROS, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is best characterized with respect to roles in cellular signaling. H2O2 has been implicated during the development in several species. For example, a transient increase in H2O2 has been detected in zebrafish embryos during the first days following fertilization. Furthermore, depleting an important cellular H2O2 source, NADPH oxidase (NOX), impairs nervous system development such as the differentiation, axonal growth, and guidance of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) both in vivo and in vitro. Here, we describe a method for imaging intracellular H2O2 levels in cultured zebrafish neurons and whole larvae during development using the genetically encoded H2O2-specific biosensor, roGFP2-Orp1. This probe can be transiently or stably expressed in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, the ratiometric readout diminishes the probability of detecting artifacts due to differential gene expression or volume effects. First, we demonstrate how to isolate and culture RGCs derived from zebrafish embryos that transiently express roGFP2-Orp1. Then, we use whole larvae to monitor H2O2 levels at the tissue level. The sensor has been validated by the addition of H2O2. Additionally, this methodology could be used to measure H2O2 levels in specific cell types and tissues by generating transgenic animals with tissue-specific biosensor expression. As zebrafish facilitate genetic and developmental manipulations, the approach demonstrated here could serve as a pipeline to test the role of H2O2 during neuronal and general embryonic development in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Terzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University
| | - S M Sabbir Alam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University
| | - Daniel M Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University;
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11
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Yin JW, Li J, Ren YM, Li Y, Wang RX, Wang S, Zuo YX. Dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 Combination Therapy Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Regulating the ERK5/MEF2A Pathway to Attenuate Cerebral Ischemia Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:641345. [PMID: 33584197 PMCID: PMC7876398 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.641345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of hard-to-treat diseases such as ischemic stroke strongly undermines the therapeutic potential of available treatment options. Therefore, current developments have gently shifted from a focus on monotherapy to combined or multiple therapies. Both dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 have anti-neuronal apoptosis effects, but the mechanism is still unclear. The study aimed to estimate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 combination therapy against ERS-induced apoptosis after cerebral ischemia injury in vivo and in vitro, and whether the mechanism is related to the ERK5/MEF2A pathway. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo, 90 min ischemia and 24 h reperfusion. The hippocampus slices used to establish oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury model in vitro. Neterin-1 and Dexmedetomidine were pretreated and post-treated, respectively, before and after the model establishment. MEF2A knockdown was performed by microinjection of AAV9-MEF2A RNAi vector. Orthodromic population spike (OPS) at the end of reoxygenation were recorded. Neurobehavioral tests, TTC staining, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining were performed to assess the effect of the drugs. The expression of CHOP, GRP78, MEF2A, ERK5, and p-ERK5 were investigated by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Neurological deficit score, infarct volume, the expression of GRP78, CHOP, and neural apoptotic rate of MCAO group increased markedly. Combination of dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 resulted in lower infarct volumes and fewer neurological impairments, higher OPS recovery rate, and less damaged and apoptotic cells after cerebral ischemia injury. Furthermore, expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP decreased in the combination therapy group, and it was more effective than the single drug group. Meanwhile, Combination of dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 increased MEF2A expression and promoted ERK5 phosphorylation. However, the protective effect of dexmedetomidine combined with Netrin-1 in improving neurological function was significantly eliminated by pre-knockdown MEF2A. The neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine combined with Netrin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and hippocampal hypoxia injury in terms of ERS. The synergistic effect of combination therapy is related to the activation of ERK5/MEF2A signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Wen Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Min Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Rui-Xue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yun-Xia Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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