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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Cong W, Wang N, Zhao K, Liu J, Liu X, Zhao G, Lambert H, Huang M, Wang H, Chen Y, Jiang Q. Impact of low-level exposure to antibiotics on bile acid homeostasis in adults: Implication for human safety thresholds. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116451. [PMID: 38759535 PMCID: PMC11170111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Bile acid homeostasis is critical to human health. Low-level exposure to antibiotics has been suggested to potentially disrupt bile acid homeostasis by affecting gut microbiota, but relevant data are still lacking in humans, especially for the level below human safety threshold. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 4247 Chinese adults by measuring 34 parent antibiotics and their metabolites from six common categories (i.e., tetracyclines, qinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides, phenicols, and lincosamides) and ten representative bile acids in fasting morning urine using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Daily exposure dose of antibiotics was estimated from urinary concentrations of parent antibiotics and their metabolites. Urinary bile acids and their ratios were used to reflect bile acid homeostasis. The estimated daily exposure doses (EDED) of five antibiotic categories with a high detection frequency (i.e., tetracyclines, qinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides, and phenicols) were significantly associated with urinary concentrations of bile acids and decreased bile acid ratios in all adults and the subset of 3898 adults with a cumulative ratio of antibiotic EDED to human safety threshold of less than one. Compared to a negative detection of antibiotics, the lowest EDED quartiles of five antibiotic categories and four individual antibiotics with a high detection frequency (i.e., ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, trimethoprim, and florfenicol) in the adults with a positive detection of antibiotics had a decrease of bile acid ratio between 6.6% and 76.6%. Except for macrolides (1.2×102 ng/kg/day), the medians of the lowest EDED quartile of antibiotic categories and individual antibiotics ranged from 0.32 ng/kg/day to 10 ng/kg/day, which were well below human safety thresholds. These results suggested that low-level antibiotic exposure could disrupt bile acid homeostasis in adults and existing human safety thresholds may be inadequate in safeguarding against the potential adverse health effects of low-level exposure to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjuan Cong
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Na Wang
- The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Pingyang County, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325400, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Minhang District, Shanghai 201101, China
| | - Genming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Helen Lambert
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Min Huang
- The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Pingyang County, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325400, China.
| | - Hexing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Kallu SA, Kebede N, Kassa T, Wubaye AM, Kainga H, Mekonnen H, Simuunza MC. Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Risk Perception of Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance Among Dairy Farm Owners/Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1839-1861. [PMID: 38745680 PMCID: PMC11092976 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s453570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most significant global health threats to the public, animals, and the ecosystem. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in food animals is considered a major driver of AMR in humans. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices, and risk perception (KAPP) of dairy farm owners/workers in Addis Ababa about antibiotic use and resistance. Methods A face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 281 respondents in four selected subcities of Addis Ababa. The responses provided by each participant were recoded into a binary scale based on the mean score of each domain. Pearson chi-square was used to check the association between the KAPP and sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents and logistic regression analysis was done to explore the factors associated with KAPP. Results Overall, more than half of the surveyed dairy farm owners/workers had good knowledge (57.7%) and appropriate practice (53.0%), while less than half of the respondents showed desirable attitudes (47.7%) and positive risk perceptions (42.7%). The findings revealed a strong association between the respondents' KAPP and education and between knowledge and risk perception and farming experience. Conclusion This study found that continuous education of dairy farm owners/workers regarding antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance in dairy farms will increase their awareness and perception of risk as well as motivate them to adopt desirable attitudes and appropriate practices, and consequently limit inappropriate use of antimicrobials leading to mitigating emergence of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simegnew Adugna Kallu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nigatu Kebede
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfu Kassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Henson Kainga
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Habtamu Mekonnen
- Addis Ababa City Administration, Farmers and Urban Agriculture Development Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Martin C Simuunza
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Ding F, Li Y, He T, Ou D, Huang Y, Yin G, Yang J, Wu S, He E, Liu M. Urban agglomerations as an environmental dimension of antibiotics transmission through the "One Health" lens. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133283. [PMID: 38134700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal distributions of antibiotics in different media have been widely reported; however, their occurrence in the environmental dimension of the Chinese urban agglomerations has received less attention, especially in bioaccumulation and health risks of antibiotics through the "One Health" lens. The review presents the current knowledge on the environmental occurrence, bioaccumulation, as well as health exposure risks in urban agglomerations through the "One Health" lens, and identifies current information gaps. The reviewed studies suggested antibiotic concentrations in water and soil were more sensitive to social indicators of urban agglomerations than those in sediment. The ecological risk and resistance risk of antibiotics in water were much higher than those of sediments, and the high-risk phenomenon occurred at a higher frequency in urban agglomerations. Erythromycin-H2O (ETM-H2O), amoxicillin (AMOX) and norfloxacin (NFC) were priority-controlled antibiotics in urban waters. Tetracyclines (TCs) posed medium to high risks to soil organisms in the soil of urban agglomerations. Health risk evaluation based on dietary intake showed that children had the highest dietary intake of antibiotics in urban agglomerations. The health risk of antibiotics was higher in children than in other age groups. Our results also demonstrated that dietary structure might impact health risks associated with target antibiotics in urban agglomerations to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Tianhao He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dongni Ou
- Environment, Health and Safety Services, SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 889 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shixue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Erkai He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Bulcha B, Motuma B, Tamiru Y, Gurmessa WT. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Regarding Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance Among Animal Health Professionals of East Wallaga Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2024; 15:57-70. [PMID: 38476215 PMCID: PMC10927371 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s443043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top global public health and economic threats. The use of antimicrobials (AMs) in animal production is a major contributor to the development of AMR globally. Animal health professionals (AHPs) play a key role in ensuring judicious use of AMs. Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR among healthcare professionals in Nekemte town, Leka Dulecha and Sibu Sire districts. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 purposively chosen AHPs residing in the districts and the town. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of 49 questions was used to ascertain the KAP. The chi-square test (X2) was used to analyze the association between the knowledge score and demographic profile of the study participants. Results In the study the overall knowledge of the participants was moderately appreciable, and all participants had positive attitudes toward AMR and appropriate usage. In terms of knowledge of antibiotic use, the majority (93.33%) of the participants correctly answered the statement that antibiotics can kill viruses. About 84.17% of the participants correctly knew that antibiotics killed or stopped the growth of both bad and good bacteria. The majority of the participants (74.17%) always or (25.83%) sometimes rely on usage of antibiotics without a doctor's prescription. It was shown that comparing respondents from Sibu Sire, Leka Dulecha and Nekemte town, the scores of knowledge of AMU were significantly (X2=14.13, p=0.007) different. Most animal healthcare professionals from the Sibu sire have a good knowledge of AMU, and contribute to AMR development. Conclusion The study revealed that there was moderate knowledge and positive attitude toward AMU and resistance. This warrants continuing capacity building programs for the professionals on AM usage and resistance, and development of field-friendly disease diagnosis and management tools is essential in the need to reduce AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begna Bulcha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Bayisa Motuma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Yobsan Tamiru
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Waktola Tadesse Gurmessa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Gudda F, Odinga ES, Tang L, Waigi MG, Wang J, Abdalmegeed D, Gao Y. Tetracyclines uptake from irrigation water by vegetables: Accumulation and antimicrobial resistance risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122696. [PMID: 37804902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater irrigation may introduce antibiotic residues in the soil-plant systems. This study aimed to investigate the uptake of tetracyclines by spinach and collard greens and assess associated ecological and human health risks. Synthetic wastewater spiked with 1 ppm and 10 ppm of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline was used to grow vegetables in a greenhouse pot experiment. The uptake and accumulation of the tetracyclines were low and residual concentrations in the soil were negligible. All the tetracyclines were detected at concentrations ranging from 1.68 to 51.41 μg/g (spinach) and 1.94-30.95 μg/g (collard greens). The accumulation rate was in a dose-response scenario with a bioconcentration factor of 6.34 mL/kg (spinach) and 2.64 mL/kg (collard greens). Oxytetracycline had the highest accumulation in leaves, followed by doxycycline and tetracycline, and the residual concentrations followed the same order. The highest residual concentration was in soils receiving 10 ppm oxytetracycline. Residual concentrations in the soil were lower than accumulated levels and exerted negligible ecological risks. Tetracyclines accumulation in spinach significantly differed between the vegetables demonstrating a subspecies difference in uptake and accumulation. Ecological risk quotient (RQ) and human health risk quotient (HQ) were below thresholds that would exert toxicity and resistance selection impacts. Although RQs and HQs are low (<0.1), this study shows that the vegetables accumulate tetracyclines from irrigation water, posing plausible human health risks to allergic individuals. Similarly, the ecological risks cannot be ignored because the synergistic and antagonistic effects of sublethal concentrations can perturb ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Tufa TB, Regassa F, Amenu K, Stegeman JA, Hogeveen H. Livestock producers' knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB) regarding antimicrobial use in Ethiopia. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1167847. [PMID: 37275603 PMCID: PMC10235446 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1167847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock production is an important aspect of the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In Ethiopia, a low-income country with a large and increasing livestock population, AMU in food animals is not properly regulated. Hence, farmers are fully free to use antimicrobials to their (perceived) benefit. Therefore, understanding farmers' mindsets is important to improve antimicrobial stewardship in the livestock sector. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess livestock disease management practices and knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB) among livestock producers regarding AMU, residues, and resistance, as well as factors potentially explaining differences in KAB. We determined the KAB of livestock owners of three selected districts of central and western Ethiopia (n = 457), using a pretested questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between potential explanatory variables and the KAB scores of the respondents. Results The results showed that 44% of the farmers used antimicrobials in the past few years, where antibiotics (21%) and trypanocides (11%) were most widely used to manage livestock diseases. Furthermore, most farmers showed poor knowledge about AMU, residues, and AMR (94%) and unfavorable attitudes (<50% correct answers) toward contributing factors for AMR (97%). On the contrary, 80% of the respondents had overall good behavior scores (≥50% correct answers) related to AMU. Multivariate analysis results showed that having good knowledge, keeping ≥2 animal species, and the occurrence of ≥4 livestock diseases on the farm in a year were strong predictors of bad behavior scores (p < 0.05). The findings of the current investigation also revealed that the incidence of livestock diseases on the farm and a higher level of formal education significantly contributed to better knowledge and desirable attitudes but bad AMU behavior. Conclusion A low level of awareness about and undesirable attitudes toward AMU and AMR could potentially affect farmers' behavior toward judicious AMU, thus requiring awareness creation efforts on livestock disease management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takele B. Tufa
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Fikru Regassa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Amenu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Animal and Human Health Programme, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J. A. Stegeman
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk Hogeveen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Ben Y, Hu M, Zhong F, Du E, Li Y, Zhang H, Andrews CB, Zheng C. Human daily dietary intakes of antibiotic residues: Dominant sources and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113387. [PMID: 35513060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic use in crops is an emerging concern, however, human exposure to antibiotics residues through consumption of plant-derived food has generally been neglected. This study is a comprehensive evaluation based on full consideration of exposure sources and analysis for nearly 100 antibiotics. A total of 58 antibiotic compounds were detected in drinking water (n = 66) and 49 in food samples (n = 150) from Shenzhen, China. The probable daily intake from drinking water and food consumption based on the total concentration of all the detected antibiotic compounds was 310, 200, and 130 ng/kg-body weight/day for preschool children, adolescents, and adults, with a maximum of up to 1400, 970 and 530 ng/kg-bw/day, respectively. Consumption of plant-derived food products, rather than animal-derived food, was the main source of the daily intake, and drinking water was a minor source. Risk assessment suggested a potentially unacceptable health risk from daily intake of norfloxacin, lincomycin and ciprofloxacin. Further research is warranted to alleviate food safety concerns related to antibiotic residues in plant-derived and animal-derived food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ben
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Ground Water Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Min Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Ground Water Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fengxia Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Ground Water Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Erhu Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Ground Water Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Ground Water Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Charles B Andrews
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Ground Water Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Ground Water Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Abstract
Antibiotics have long been used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases and for prophylactic purposes in dairy animals. However, in recent decades it has become a matter of concern due to the widespread belief that there has been an abuse or misuse of these drugs in animals and that this misuse has led to the presence of residues in derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. Therefore, this review aims to compile the scientific literature published to date on the presence of antibiotic residues in these products worldwide. The focus is on the reasons that lead to their presence in food, on the potential problems caused by residues in the characteristics of dairy products and in their manufacturing process, on the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and on the effects that both residues and resistant bacteria can cause on human and environmental health.
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Chen RA, Wu WK, Panyod S, Liu PY, Chuang HL, Chen YH, Lyu Q, Hsu HC, Lin TL, Shen TCD, Yang YT, Zou HB, Huang HS, Lin YE, Chen CC, Ho CT, Lai HC, Wu MS, Hsu CC, Sheen LY. Dietary Exposure to Antibiotic Residues Facilitates Metabolic Disorder by Altering the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition. mSystems 2022; 7:e0017222. [PMID: 35670534 PMCID: PMC9239188 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00172-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics used as growth promoters in livestock and animal husbandry can be detected in animal-derived food. Epidemiological studies have indicated that exposure to these antibiotic residues in food may be associated with childhood obesity. Herein, the effect of exposure to a residual dose of tylosin-an antibiotic growth promoter-on host metabolism and gut microbiota was explored in vivo. Theoretical maximal daily intake (TMDI) doses of tylosin were found to facilitate high-fat-diet-induced obesity, induce insulin resistance, and perturb gut microbiota composition in mice. The obesity-related phenotypes were transferrable to germfree recipient mice, indicating that the effects of a TMDI dose of tylosin on obesity and insulin resistance occurred mainly via alteration of the gut microbiota. Tylosin TMDI exposure restricted to early life, the critical period of gut microbiota development, altered the abundance of specific bacteria related to host metabolic homeostasis later in life. Moreover, early-life exposure to tylosin TMDI doses was sufficient to modify the ratio of primary to secondary bile acids, thereby inducing lasting metabolic consequences via the downstream FGF15 signaling pathway. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that exposure to very low doses of antibiotic residues, whether continuously or in early life, could exert long-lasting effects on host metabolism by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolites. IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates that even with limited exposure in early life, a residual dose of tylosin might cause long-lasting metabolic disturbances by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Our findings reveal that the gut microbiota is susceptible to previously ignored environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qiang Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ching Hsu
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Bai Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-En Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Liu Y, He W, Yang J, He Y, Wang Z, Li K. The effects of preoperative intestinal dysbacteriosis on postoperative recovery in colorectal cancer surgery: a prospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:446. [PMID: 34823504 PMCID: PMC8620658 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests a critical role of intestinal dysbacteriosis in surgical site infections and anastomotic leakage after abdominal surgery. However, a direct correlation between pre-existing dysbacteriosis and postoperative infectious complications has not yet been established clinically. Methods A total of 353 consecutive patients who underwent colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery were enrolled. Gram-stained faecal smears were tested at admission and the first defecation after surgery. Intestinal dysbacteriosis was graded into three groups: normal or slightly decreased intestinal microflora (grade 1), moderate dysbacteriosis (grade 2), and severe dysbacteriosis (grade 3). Clinical outcomes were postoperative infections and anastomotic leakage within 30 days after surgery. Results At the preoperative assessment, 268 (75.9%) patients had normal or slightly decreased intestinal microflora, 58 (16.4%) patients had moderate dysbacteriosis, and 27 (7.6%) patients had severe dysbacteriosis. The patients with preoperative dysbacteriosis had a higher rate of early postoperative diarrhoea (grade 2: OR = 4.53, 95% CI 2.28–9.00, grade 3: OR = 4.52, 95% CI 1.81–11.31), total complications (grade 3 40.7% vs. grade 2 25.9% vs. grade 1 12.7%, P < 0.001), and anastomotic leakage (grade 3 11.1% vs. grade 2 5.2% vs. grade 1 1.5%, P = 0.002). An interaction effect among preoperative dysbacteriosis and early postoperative diarrhoea on total complications was observed in rectal cancer patients (P for interaction = 0.007). Conclusions An imbalance of the intestinal microbiome exists in a considerable proportion of CRC patients before surgery. Preoperative dysbacteriosis is associated with higher rates of early postoperative diarrhoea, which further correlates with infectious complications and anastomotic leakage. However, the contribution of preoperative dysbacteriosis to the occurrence of anastomotic leakage needs to be clarified in further studies. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800018755. Registered 8 October 2018—Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/ChiCTR1800018755. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-02035-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liu
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanbin He
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua He
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka Li
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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11
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In-Vitro Characterization of Growth Inhibition against the Gut Pathogen of Potentially Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains Isolated from Fermented Products. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102141. [PMID: 34683462 PMCID: PMC8537437 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are probiotic candidates that may restore the balance of microbiota populations in intestinal microbial ecosystems by controlling pathogens and thereby promoting host health. The goal of this study was to isolate potential probiotic LAB strains and characterize their antimicrobial abilities against pathogens in intestinal microbiota. Among 54 LAB strains isolated from fermented products, five LAB strains (NSMJ15, NSMJ16, NSMJ23, NSMJ42, and NFFJ04) were selected as potential probiotic candidates based on in vitro assays of acid and bile salt tolerance, cell surface hydrophobicity, adhesion to the intestinal epithelium, and antagonistic activity. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes showed that they have high similarities of 99.58-100% to Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains NSMJ15 and NFFJ04, Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri NSMJ16, Levilactobacillus brevis NSMJ23, and Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis NSMJ42. To characterize their antimicrobial abilities against pathogens in intestinal microbiota, the impact of cell-free supernatant (CFS) treatment in 10% (v/v) fecal suspensions prepared using pooled cattle feces was investigated using in vitro batch cultures. Bacterial community analysis using rRNA amplicon sequencing for control and CFS-treated fecal samples at 8 and 16 h incubation showed the compositional change after CFS treatment for all five LAB strains. The changed compositions were similar among them, but there were few variable increases or decreases in some bacterial groups. Interestingly, as major genera that could exhibit pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, the members of Bacillus, Escherichia, Leclercia, Morganella, and Vagococcus were decreased at 16 h in all CFS-treated samples. Species-level classification suggested that the five LAB strains are antagonistic to gut pathogens. This study showed the probiotic potential of the five selected LAB strains; in particular, their antimicrobial properties against pathogens present in the intestinal microbiota. These strains would therefore seem to play an important role in modulating the intestinal microbiome of the host.
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12
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Ahn Y, Jung JY, Kweon O, Veach BT, Khare S, Gokulan K, Piñeiro SA, Cerniglia CE. Impact of Chronic Tetracycline Exposure on Human Intestinal Microbiota in a Continuous Flow Bioreactor Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080886. [PMID: 34438936 PMCID: PMC8388752 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying potential dietary exposure to antimicrobial drug residues via meat and dairy products is essential to ensure human health and consumer safety. When studying how antimicrobial residues in food impact the development of antimicrobial drug resistance and disrupt normal bacteria community structure in the intestine, there are diverse methodological challenges to overcome. In this study, traditional cultures and molecular analysis techniques were used to determine the effects of tetracycline at chronic subinhibitory exposure levels on human intestinal microbiota using an in vitro continuous flow bioreactor. Six bioreactor culture vessels containing human fecal suspensions were maintained at 37 °C for 7 days. After a steady state was achieved, the suspensions were dosed with 0, 0.015, 0.15, 1.5, 15, or 150 µg/mL tetracycline, respectively. Exposure to 150 µg/mL tetracycline resulted in a decrease of total anaerobic bacteria from 1.9 × 107 ± 0.3 × 107 down to 2 × 106 ± 0.8 × 106 CFU/mL. Dose-dependent effects of tetracycline were noted for perturbations of tetB and tetD gene expression and changes in acetate and propionate concentrations. Although no-observed-adverse-effect concentrations differed, depending on the traditional cultures and the molecular analysis techniques used, this in vitro continuous flow bioreactor study contributes to the knowledge base regarding the impact of chronic exposure of tetracycline on human intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbeom Ahn
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-870-540-7084
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Brian T. Veach
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Silvia A. Piñeiro
- Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 72079, USA;
| | - Carl E. Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.Y.J.); (O.K.); (S.K.); (K.G.); (C.E.C.)
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13
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Lees P, Pelligand L, Giraud E, Toutain PL. A history of antimicrobial drugs in animals: Evolution and revolution. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:137-171. [PMID: 32725687 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary process of antimicrobial drug (AMD) uses in animals over a mere eight decades (1940-2020) has led to a revolutionary outcome, and both evolution and revolution are ongoing, with reports on a range of uses, misuses and abuses escalating logarithmically. As well as veterinary therapeutic perspectives (efficacy, safety, host toxicity, residues, selection of drug, determination of dose and measurement of outcome in treating animal diseases), there are also broader, nontherapeutic uses, some of which have been abandoned, whilst others hopefully will soon be discontinued, at least in more developed countries. Although AMD uses for treatment of animal diseases will continue, it must: (a) be sustainable within the One Health paradigm; and (b) devolve into more prudent, rationally based therapeutic uses. As this review on AMDs is published in a Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, its scope has been made broader than most recent reviews in this field. Many reviews have focused on negative aspects of AMD actions and uses, especially on the question of antimicrobial resistance. This review recognizes these concerns but also emphasizes the many positive aspects deriving from the use of AMDs, including the major research-based advances underlying both the prudent and rational use of AMDs. It is structured in seven sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Sulfonamide history; (3) Nontherapeutic and empirical uses of AMDs (roles of agronomists and veterinarians); (4) Rational uses of AMDs (roles of pharmacologists, clinicians, industry and regulatory controls); (5) Prudent use (residue monitoring, antimicrobial resistance); (6) International and inter-disciplinary actions; and (7) Conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lees
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Etienne Giraud
- INTHERES, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- INTHERES, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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14
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Woodward AP, Morin D, Whittem T. Population physiologically based modeling of pirlimycin milk concentrations in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10639-10650. [PMID: 32921458 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Predictions of drug residues in milk are critical in food protection and are a major consideration in the economics of treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NLME) has been advocated as a suitable pharmaco-statistical method for the study of drug residues in milk. Recent developments in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of intramammary drugs allow the combination of a mechanistic description of milk pharmacokinetics with NLME methods. The PBPK model was applied to NLME analysis of a data set consisting of milk drug concentrations from 78 healthy cows and 117 with clinical mastitis. Pirlimycin milk pharmacokinetics were adequately described by the model across the range of observed concentrations. Mastitis was characterized by increased variance in milk production volume. Udder residual volume was larger in cows with 1, or 2 or greater diseased mammary glands than in the healthy cows. Low-producing cows had a greater risk of prolonged milk residues. With the exclusion of the low-production cows, the model predicted that healthy cows required a milk discard time 12 h longer than that indicated by the label, and the diseased cows 36 h longer than indicated by the label. More pirlimycin was systemically absorbed in the gram-positive infected compared with the gram-negative infected or healthy cows, suggesting a greater risk of violative meat residues in gram-positive infected cows. Using NLME and PBPK models, we identified factors associated with changes in pirlimycin milk residues that may affect food safety. This model extends the verification of a simple physiologically based framework for the study of intramammary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Woodward
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia, 3030.
| | - D Morin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802
| | - T Whittem
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3030
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15
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Li S, Zhang Q, Chen M, Zhang X, Liu P. Determination of veterinary drug residues in food of animal origin: Sample preparation methods and analytical techniques. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1798247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Li
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiongyao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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16
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Piñeiro SA, Cerniglia CE. Antimicrobial drug residues in animal-derived foods: Potential impact on the human intestinal microbiome. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:215-222. [PMID: 32710465 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals may result in the presence of low levels of drug residues in these edible, animal-derived foods, with potential dietary exposure to humans. Since therapeutic doses of antibiotics have been shown to affect bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and can also promote the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, there is concern that animal drugs at residue level concentrations could also perturb the intestinal microbiome composition and modify the antimicrobial resistance profile of the human intestinal microbiota. This review provides updated information on the VICH GL#36(R2), on evaluating the safety of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods and their effects on the human intestinal microbiome; discusses critical research knowledge gaps and challenges in evaluating the impact of drug residues in animal-derived foods on the human intestinal microbiome; and analyzes integrated basic and applied research approaches, currently being conducted at FDA, on studies that specifically address key regulatory science questions. Moreover, this review aims to emphasize future research needs on scientific methodology and provides general recommendations on drug inactivation, bioavailability, and antimicrobial resistance, to improve the safety evaluation and risk assessment of antimicrobial residues and their impact on the gastrointestinal microbiota, with the goal of ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Aurora Piñeiro
- Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carl Edward Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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17
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Brown K, Mugoh M, Call DR, Omulo S. Antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria detected in milk marketed for human consumption in Kibera, Nairobi. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233413. [PMID: 32463823 PMCID: PMC7255607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of veterinary antibiotics is largely unregulated in low-income countries. Consequently, food producers rarely observe drug withdrawal periods, contributing to drug residues in food products. Drug residues in milk can cause immunogenic reactions in people, and selectively favor antibiotic-resistant bacteria in unpasteurized products. We quantified the prevalence of antibiotic residues in pasteurized and unpasteurized milk, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from unpasteurized milk sold within Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Ninety-five milk samples (74 pasteurized and 21 unpasteurized) were collected from shops, street vendors or vending machines, and tested for the presence of β-lactam and tetracycline residues using IDEXX SNAP kits. MacConkey agar without- and with antibiotics (ampicillin, 32 μg/ml; tetracycline, 16 μg/ml) was used to enumerate presumptive E. coli based on colony morphology (colony forming units per ml, CFU/ml). β-lactam and tetracycline residues were found in 7.4% and 3.2% of all milk samples, respectively. Residues were more likely to be present in unpasteurized milk samples (5/21, 23.8%) compared to pasteurized samples (5/75, 6.8%); P = 0.039. Two thirds of unpasteurized samples (14/21, 66.7%) contained detectable numbers of presumptive E. coli (mean 3.5 Log10 CFU/ml) and of these, 92.8% (13/14) were positive for ampicillin- (mean 3.2 Log10 CFU/ml) and 50% (7/14) for tetracycline-resistant E. coli (mean 3.1 Log10 CFU/ml). We found no relationship between the presence of antibiotic residues and the presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in unpasteurized milk sold within Kibera (P > 0.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Brown
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Maina Mugoh
- Washington State University Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Omulo
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Washington State University Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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18
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Adesiyun AA, Nkuna C, Mokgoatlheng‐Mamogobo M, Malepe K, Simanda L. Food safety risk posed to consumers of table eggs from layer farms in Gauteng Province, South Africa: Prevalence of
Salmonella
species and
Escherichia coli
, antimicrobial residues, and antimicrobial resistant bacteria. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun A. Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - Charlotte Nkuna
- Poultry Disease Management AgencySouth African Poultry Association (SAPA) Johannesburg South Africa
| | | | - Keleabetswe Malepe
- Veterinary Public Health UnitDepartment of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Pretoria South Africa
| | - Liberty Simanda
- Residue LaboratoryOndersterpoort Veterinary Research Onderstepoort South Africa
- Randox Food Diagnostics, Ltd. London UK
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19
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Gemeda BA, Amenu K, Magnusson U, Dohoo I, Hallenberg GS, Alemayehu G, Desta H, Wieland B. Antimicrobial Use in Extensive Smallholder Livestock Farming Systems in Ethiopia: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Livestock Keepers. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:55. [PMID: 32175334 PMCID: PMC7055293 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat, and inappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) in food animal production can contribute to the global burden of AMR in humans. This study was conducted to understand knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of smallholder livestock owners regarding antimicrobial use, residue, and resistance in three agro-ecological zones and production systems in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study based on structured interviews was conducted. Twenty-one items were used to assess farmers' KAP. Item response theory (IRT) model and Cronbach's alpha were used to assess the KAP measurement scales. Inferential analyses were used to compare the differences in the practices in terms of the farm and socio-economic characteristics. There was a difference in the type of antimicrobials reported use between agro-ecological zones and production systems. Pastoralists most commonly used antibiotics (86.7%) followed by anthelminthics (70.8%). Overall, tetracyclines (36.4%), aminoglycosides (31.3%), and trimethoprim-sulfonamides (6.2%) were the most frequently used classes of antibiotics across the study sites. Human preparation antibiotics (tetracyclines) were also being used for veterinary purposes by 18.5% of pastoralist households. About 81.6% of livestock owners surveyed reported to have access to veterinary drugs although access varied between agro-ecological zones and production system. About 72.3% of pastoralists administered antibiotics by not following through the full treatment course. Moreover, 70% of respondents were not aware of the recommended withdrawal periods of milk and meat after antibiotic treatment. It was noticed that around 80 and 70% of respondents had a tendency to give doses higher or lower than recommended of antimicrobials, respectively. The study confirms the need for interventions to increase knowledge among smallholder farmers to improve the way antimicrobials in general and antibiotics in particular are used in these settings. In addition, professional involvement, supervision, and guidance can also lead to more efficient antimicrobial use by smallholder livestock owners. The study also highlights the need for research into the development of usable tools that measure antibiotic knowledge and attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Alemu Gemeda
- Animal and Human Health Research Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Amenu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Ulf Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ian Dohoo
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Gezahegn Alemayehu
- Animal and Human Health Research Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hiwot Desta
- Animal and Human Health Research Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Barbara Wieland
- Animal and Human Health Research Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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20
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Douzandeh-Mobarrez B, Kariminik A. Gut Microbiota and IL-17A: Physiological and Pathological Responses. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11:1-10. [PMID: 28921400 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-17A is a cytokine which is produced by several immune and non-immune cells. The cytokine plays dual roles from protection from microbes and protection from pro-inflammatory based diseases to induction of the pro-inflammatory based diseases. The main mechanisms which lead to the controversial roles of IL-17A are yet to be clarified. Gut microbiota (GM) are the resident probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts which have been introduced as a plausible regulator of IL-17A production and functions. This review article describes the recent information regarding the roles played by GM in determination of IL-17A functions outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Douzandeh-Mobarrez
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
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21
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Riley LW. Differentiating Epidemic from Endemic or Sporadic Infectious Disease Occurrence. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.ame-0007-2019. [PMID: 31325286 PMCID: PMC10957193 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ame-0007-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One important scope of work of epidemiology is the investigation of infectious diseases that cluster in time and place. Clusters of infectious disease may represent outbreaks or epidemics in which the cases share in common a point source exposure or an infectious agent in a chain of transmission pathways. Investigations of outbreaks of an illness can facilitate identification of a source, risk, or cause of the illness. However, most infectious disease episodes occur not as part of any apparent outbreaks but as sporadic infections. Multiple sporadic infections that occur steadily in time and place are referred to as endemic disease. How does one investigate sources and risk factors for sporadic or endemic infections? As part of the Microbiology Spectrum Curated Collection: Advances in Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, this review discusses limitations of traditional approaches and advantages of molecular epidemiology approaches to investigate sporadic and endemic infections. Using specific examples, the discussions show that most sporadic infections are actually part of unrecognized outbreaks and that what appears to be endemic disease occurrence is actually comprised of multiple small outbreaks. These molecular epidemiologic investigations have unmasked modes of transmission of infectious agents not known to cause outbreaks. They have also raised questions about the traditional ways to measure incidence and assess sources of drug-resistant infections in community settings. The discoveries made by the application of molecular microbiology methods in epidemiologic investigations have led to creation of new public health intervention strategies that have not been previously considered. *This article is part of a curated collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee W Riley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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22
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Shirinzadeh H, Süzen S, Altanlar N, Westwell AD. Antimicrobial Activities of New Indole Derivatives Containing 1,2,4-Triazole, 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and Carbothioamide. Turk J Pharm Sci 2018; 15:291-297. [PMID: 32454672 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.55707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In new antimicrobial drug development studies, indole and its derivatives create an important class of compounds. In addition, azoles and their derivatives were recognized to be associated with a variety of biologic activities such as antibacterial and antifungal. In this study antimicrobial activities of some indole derivatives mainly substituted with 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole and hydrazinecarbothioamide were investigated to evaluate their efficacy. Materials and Methods The efficacy of new compounds was evaluated using 2-fold serial dilutions against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Candida krusei. Results The MIC was determined for test compounds and for the reference standards sultamicillin, ampicillin, fluconazole, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion The compounds possessed a broad spectrum of activity having MIC values of 3.125-50 µg/mL against the tested microorganisms. This study provides valuable evidence that the indole-triazole derivative compound 3d holds significant promise as a novel antibacterial and antifungal lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Shirinzadeh
- Erzincan University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Sibel Süzen
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurten Altanlar
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- Cardiff University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Ahn Y, Jung JY, Veach BT, Khare S, Gokulan K, Piñeiro SA, Cerniglia CE. In vitro test systems to determine tetracycline residue binding to human feces. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 99:105-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Jung JY, Ahn Y, Khare S, Gokulan K, Piñeiro SA, Cerniglia CE. An in vitro study to assess the impact of tetracycline on the human intestinal microbiome. Anaerobe 2017; 49:85-94. [PMID: 29294359 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome, a generally stable ecosystem, could be potentially altered by the ingestion of antimicrobial drug residues in foods derived from animals. Data and the scientific published literature on the effects of antimicrobial residues on the human intestinal microbiome are reviewed by national regulatory authorities as part of the human food safety evaluation of veterinary antimicrobial agents used in food-producing animals. In this study, we determined if tetracycline, at low residue concentrations, could impact the human intestinal microbiome structure and the resistance-gene profile, following acute and subchronic exposure. The effects of 0.15, 1.5, 15, and 150 μg/ml of tetracycline, after 24 h and 40 days of exposure, in 3% human fecal suspensions, collected from three individuals (A, B, and C) were investigated using in vitro batch cultures. Results were variable, with either no change or minor changes in total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies after exposure of fecal samples to tetracycline, because of the inter-individual variation of human gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Bacterial community analysis using rRNA-based pyrosequencing revealed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in the three fecal samples; the ratio of phylotypes varied among individuals. The evaluation of bacterial community changes at the genus level, from control to tetracycline-treated fecal samples, suggested that tetracycline under the conditions of this study could lead to slight differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota. The genus Bacteroides (of the Bacteroidetes) was consistently altered from 1.68 to 5.70% and 4.82-8.22% at tetracycline concentrations of 0.15 μg/ml or above at both time points for individual A, respectively, and increased 5.13-13.50% and 10.92-22.18% for individual B, respectively. Clostridium family XI increased 3.50-25.34% in the presence of tetracycline at 40 days for individual C. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed the pyrosequencing findings of inter-individual variability of the ratio of phylotypes and the effect of tetracycline. Among the 23 tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs) screened, four tet genes (tetO, Q, W, and X) were major TRGs in control and tetracycline-dosed fecal samples. A variable to slight increase of copy number of TRGs appeared to be related to tetracycline treatment, interindividual variability and duration of exposure. Despite, the inherent variability of the intestinal microbiota observed among or within individuals, this pilot study contributes to the knowledge base of the impact of low residue concentrations of tetracycline on the human intestinal microbiome on the potential for antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Jung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Youngbeom Ahn
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Silvia A Piñeiro
- Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. FDA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carl E Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA.
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Gokulan K, Cerniglia CE, Thomas C, Pineiro SA, Khare S. Effects of residual levels of tetracycline on the barrier functions of human intestinal epithelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:253-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Boobis A, Cerniglia C, Chicoine A, Fattori V, Lipp M, Reuss R, Verger P, Tritscher A. Characterizing chronic and acute health risks of residues of veterinary drugs in food: latest methodological developments by the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:885-899. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1340259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Boobis
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carl Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Alan Chicoine
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Vittorio Fattori
- Food Safety and Quality Unit, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Markus Lipp
- Food Safety and Quality Unit, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Rainer Reuss
- Food Data Analysis Section, Food Information Science and Technology Branch, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Barton, Australia
| | - Philippe Verger
- Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Tritscher
- Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Proceedings SaskVal 2015. Drug Test Anal 2016; 8:1100-1101. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Boison JO, Akre C. Preface to the proceedings of the SASKVAL III international workshop on validation and regulatory analysis. Drug Test Anal 2016; 8:441-4. [PMID: 27443197 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joe O Boison
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon Laboratory, 116 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2R3, Canada
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