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Nasr SM, Samir S, Okasha H. Interdisciplinary gene manipulation, molecular cloning, and recombinant expression of modified human growth hormone isoform-1 in E. coli system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128637. [PMID: 38061513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth hormone (GH) is a hormone that promotes growth, cell reproduction, and cell restoration in humans and animals. OBJECTIVES Production of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and assessment of its characteristics and proliferation stimulatory activity. METHODS The hGH gene was cloned into a pET 3a expression vector and transformed into a competent E. coli cell. The refolded hGH was purified, Western blot and batch fermentation were performed. Cell cytotoxicity was tested on Vero cells, and MALDI-TOF and Nano-LC-ESI MS/MS were used for protein and target peptide analysis. RESULTS Induced rhGH was purified with a concentration of 511.9 mg/ml. Western blot confirmed the molecular identity of rhGH, showing a single 22 kDa band. The bacterial growth at OD600 after 24 h in batch fermentation was 9.78 ± 0.26, and wet cell weight (WCWg/L) was 15.2 ± 0.32. Purified rhGH activity on Vero cells was 0.535 IU/mg. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a score of 70.51 % and coverage of 60.37 %. CONCLUSION Biologically active native rhGH protein was successfully expressed in the Prokaryotic system. Our goal is to increase its production on a pilot level in the native form at a high activity effect identical to isoform 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Mohamed Nasr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt; School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Safia Samir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Hend Okasha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
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Krombholz S, Thomas A, Delahaut P, Bidlingmaier M, Schilbach K, Miller G, Thevis M. A combined top-down and bottom-up LC-HRMS/MS method for the quantification of human growth hormone in plasma and serum. Growth Horm IGF Res 2023; 72-73:101560. [PMID: 37995539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2023.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The precise and accurate quantification of human growth hormone (GH) in plasma/ serum is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases like GH deficiency or acromegaly. However, the ligand-binding assays (LBAs) currently used for routine testing show considerable methodological variability. Here, we present a complementary, combined top-down and bottom-up LC-MS-based method to quantify (intact) GH in plasma and serum, which concurrently provides a basis for a MS-based analysis of GH in doping controls. DESIGN Extraction of GH from plasma/ serum was accomplished by protein precipitation, followed by an immunocapture step using protein A-coupled magnetic beads and a polyclonal anti-GH antibody. The intact protein was subsequently analyzed top-down on a 2D-LC-HRMS/MS system. In addition, sample extracts were digested with trypsin and analyzed for signal peptides corresponding to 'total', 22 kDa and 20 kDa GH (bottom-up). Both assays were validated according to current guidelines and compared to the GH isoform differential immunoassay used in routine doping control analysis. GH concentrations in serum samples of healthy adults, patients with acromegaly, and in samples obtained after administration of recombinant GH were analyzed as proof-of-principle. RESULTS The intact monomeric 22 kDa isoform of GH was selectively quantified in a representative working range of 0.5 to 10 ng/ml by top-down LC-HRMS/MS. Subsequent bottom-up analysis provided additional data on 'total' and 20 kDa GH. Top-down and bottom-up assay results for the 22 kDa isoform correlated well with the corresponding immunoassay results (R2 > 0.95). For a possible application of the method in an anti-doping context, the ratio between 22 kDa and 'total' GH was evaluated, indicating differences between the various donor groups, but only with limited significance. CONCLUSION The top-down and bottom-up LC-HRMS/MS method developed here presents a valuable tool for the quantification of GH in plasma/ serum complementary to established LBAs used at present in clinical measurements. Albeit the examination of the GH isoform proportions by the LC-MS method does not yet allow for the assessment of GH abuse, the obtained findings provide an important basis to enable LC-MS-based GH analysis of doping control samples in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Krombholz
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Thomas
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Endocrine Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schilbach
- Endocrine Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Miller
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Germany; European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
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Paragliola RM, Carrozza C, Corsello SM, Salvatori R. The biochemical diagnosis of acromegaly: revising the role of measurement of IGF-I and GH after glucose load in 5 questions. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:205-224. [PMID: 35485763 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2069558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acromegaly is a rare disorder characterized by the excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH), mostly caused by pituitary adenomas. While in full-blown cases the diagnosis is easy to establish, milder cases are more challenging. Additionally, establishing whether full cure after surgery is reached may be difficult. AREAS COVERED In this article, we will review the challenges posed by the variability in measurements of GH and its main effector insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) due to both biological changes, co-morbidities, and assays variability. EXPERT OPINION Interpretation of GH and IGF-I assays is important in establishing an early diagnosis of acromegaly, in avoiding misdiagnosis, and in establishing if cure is achieved by surgery. Physicians should be familiar with the variables that affect measurements of these 2 hormones, and with the performance of the assays available in their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Paragliola
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery - Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico "Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Carrozza
- Unit of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology - Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico "Gemelli," IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore M Corsello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery - Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico "Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism and Pituitary Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA
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Huynh HH, Delatour V, Derbez-Morin M, Liu Q, Boeuf A, Vinh J. Candidate High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Reference Method for the Quantification of Procalcitonin in Human Serum Using a Characterized Recombinant Protein as a Primary Calibrator. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4146-4154. [PMID: 35235744 PMCID: PMC8928150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Procalcitonin
(PCT) is a widely used biomarker for rapid sepsis
diagnosis and antibiotic stewardship. Variability of results in commercial
assays has highlighted the need for standardization of PCT measurements.
An antibody-free candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) based
on the isotope dilution mass spectrometry and protein calibration
approach was developed and validated to quantify PCT in human serum.
The method allows quantification of PCT from 0.25 to 13.74 μg/L
(R > 0.998) with extension up to 132 μg/L
after
dilution of samples with PCT concentration above 13.74 μg/L.
Intraday bias was between −3.3 and +5.7%, and interday bias
was between −3.0 and −0.7%. Intraday precision was below
5.1%, and interday precision was below 4.0%. The candidate RMP was
successfully applied to the absolute quantification of PCT in five
frozen human serum pools. A recombinant PCT used as a primary calibrator
was characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry and amino acid
analysis to establish traceability of the results to the SI units.
This candidate RMP is fit to assign target values to secondary certified
reference materials (CRMs) for further use in external quality assessment
schemes to monitor the accuracy and comparability of the commercially
available immunoassay results and to confirm the need for improving
the harmonization of PCT assays. The candidate RMP will also be used
to evaluate whether the correlation between the candidate RMP and
immunoassays is sufficiently high. Overall, this candidate RMP will
support reliable sepsis diagnosis and guide treatment decisions, patient
monitoring, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Hien Huynh
- Department of Biomedical and Organic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 75724 Paris, France.,Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, SMBP, PDC UMR 8249 CNRS, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Delatour
- Department of Biomedical and Organic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 75724 Paris, France
| | - Maxence Derbez-Morin
- Department of Biomedical and Organic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 75724 Paris, France.,CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Qinde Liu
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 117528 Singapore
| | - Amandine Boeuf
- Department of Biomedical and Organic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 75724 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Vinh
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, SMBP, PDC UMR 8249 CNRS, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
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Chan WS, Wong GF, Hung CW, Wong YN, Fung KM, Lee WK, Dao KL, Leung CW, Lo KM, Lee WM, Cheung BKK. Interpol review of toxicology 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:563-607. [PMID: 33385147 PMCID: PMC7770452 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in toxicology from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20.Papers%202019.pdf.
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Corcuff JB, Ducint D, Brossaud J. What do you need to know about mass spectrometry? A brief guide for endocrinologists. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2020; 81:118-123. [PMID: 32340850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In routine hormonology, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) is now an established technique for androgen, urinary cortisol and metanephrine assay. It has the undeniable advantage of great analytical specificity, but with sensitivity that clearly depends on financial investment in a very high-end spectrometer. We describe the general principles of LCMS and the routine applications so far developed in hormonology. The purpose is to familiarise endocrinologists with the techniques under development and their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benoît Corcuff
- Laboratoire d'hormonologie, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, 33604 Pessac, France; Nutrition et neurobiologie intégrée, UMR 1286, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Groupe de biologie spécialisée, societé française de medecine nucléaire, 5, rue Ponscarme 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Dominique Ducint
- Plateau technique de mesures physiques, hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, 33600 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Julie Brossaud
- Laboratoire d'hormonologie, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, 33604 Pessac, France; Nutrition et neurobiologie intégrée, UMR 1286, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Groupe de biologie spécialisée, societé française de medecine nucléaire, 5, rue Ponscarme 75013, Paris, France.
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7
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Thevis M, Walpurgis K, Thomas A. Analytical Approaches in Human Sports Drug Testing: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Solutions. Anal Chem 2019; 92:506-523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne 50933, Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne 50933, Germany
| | - Katja Walpurgis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne 50933, Germany
| | - Andreas Thomas
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne 50933, Germany
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8
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Thevis M, Kuuranne T, Geyer H. Annual banned-substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2019; 11:8-26. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Cologne Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents; Cologne Germany
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses; University Center of Legal Medicine, Genève and Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Hans Geyer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Cologne Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents; Cologne Germany
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Lehtihet M, Bhuiyan H, Dalby A, Ericsson M, Ekström L. Longitudinally monitoring of P-III-NP, IGF-I, and GH-2000 score increases the probability of detecting two weeks' administration of low-dose recombinant growth hormone compared to GH-2000 decision limit and GH isoform test and micro RNA markers. Drug Test Anal 2018; 11:411-421. [PMID: 30223291 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To detect doping with growth hormone (GH), GH isoform and biomarkers tests are available. Both methods use population-based decision limits. Future testing in anti-doping is progressing toward individual-based reference ranges, and it is possible that with such an approach the sensitivity to detect GH doping may increase. In addition to monitoring different proteins, the use of miRNAs as future GH biomarkers has been discussed. Here we have longitudinally studied the serum concentrations of IGF-I, P-III-NP and the different GH isoforms in nine healthy men prior to, during and after two weeks' administration with low doses (1 and 4 IU/day) of recGH. Moreover, three putative miRNAs were analyzed. The results show that 80% of the participants were identified as atypical findings using the GH isoform test. However, the participants were only positive 1.5-3 hours directly after an injection. Only one of the participants reached a GH-2000 score indicative of doping when a population-based decision limit was applied. When IGF-I and P-III-NP were longitudinally monitored, 88% of the participants were identified above an individual upper threshold arbitrarily calculated as three standard deviations above the mean values of four baseline samples. The miRNA levels displayed large intra-subject variations that did not change in relation to recGH administration. Our results show that the GH isoform test is very sensitive in detecting low doses of recGH but with a short detection window. Moreover, longitudinally monitoring of IGF-I and P-III-NP may be a promising future approach to detect GH doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Lehtihet
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and S:t Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Abigayle Dalby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ericsson
- Anti-Doping Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Ekström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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