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Tobias HJ, Jones A, Saunders TR, Brenna JT. Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Expanded to Include Organic Mobile Phases. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7348-7352. [PMID: 38696329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Current commercially available liquid chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry systems (LC-IRMS) oxidize all eluent and thus can only operate with all-aqueous mobile phases, limiting their application to a small subset of analytes and mixtures that can be separated without organic solvents. We report a novel rotating-catalytic disc desolvation device with subsequent laser-activated photocatalytic analyte combustion to create CO2 for high precision carbon isotope ratio measurements compatible with both aqueous and organic liquid mobile phases. Sucrose, glucose, androsterone, or androsterone acetate in 20% and 50% H2O-CH3OH solutions were introduced by flow injection to the interface to IRMS for sugars and steroids, respectively. Sucrose δ13CVPDB linearity was excellent over 1-10 μg (33-655 nmol C) injections, using IRMS compatible He/1%O2 oxidation gas. The limit of precise isotope analysis (LOIA) of δ13CVPDB was 1 μg (35 nmol C) for sucrose and 10 μg (655 nmol C) for androsterone with average precisions of SD(δ13C) ± 0.8‰. Calibration was performed with and bracketed the δ13CVPDB isotope ratio range using androsterone-acetate and glucose. With further development to improve sensitivity and application to chromatography, the prototype proof-of-principle LC-IRMS shows promise to resolve a major drawback in current LC-IRMS systems and may open LC-IRMS to many more compounds than currently possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert J Tobias
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - Andrew Jones
- Activated Research Company, 7561 Corporate Way, Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344, United States
| | - Thomas R Saunders
- Activated Research Company, 7561 Corporate Way, Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344, United States
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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2
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Langer T, Nicoli R, Schweizer-Grundisch C, Grabherr S, Kuuranne T, Musenga A. Comparison of analytical approaches for the detection of oral testosterone undecanoate administration in men. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38205661 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
For antidoping laboratories, the determination of an illicit testosterone (T) administration in urine samples remains a difficult process as it requires the determination of the exogenous origin by carbon isotope ratios (CIRs) of testosterone and its metabolites. As a complement to the urinary analysis, targeting testosterone esters (e.g. testosterone undecanoate [TU]) in serum samples by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) could represent a simpler approach compared with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). These two approaches both lead to the direct detection of the administration of exogenous T but with a difference in effort and complexity of the analysis. To compare the detection window obtained with the two strategies, serum and the corresponding urine samples collected from an administration study with oral TU were analysed. Results showed that, at all timepoints where the intact TU was detected in serum, the CIRs of urinary steroids were also not in agreement with an endogenous origin. IRMS analysis required more effort but resulted in slightly longer detection windows than the ester analysis. Finally, this comparison study showed that, in the presence of a suspicious urinary steroid profile, the LC-MS/MS steroid esters analysis in the corresponding serum samples can be very helpful. If steroid esters are not detected, the IRMS analysis can then be conducted on the urine sample afterwards. Overall, the combination of matrices might facilitate the detection of prohibited T administration in sports, especially for athletes with naturally low T/E ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Langer
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raul Nicoli
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Schweizer-Grundisch
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silke Grabherr
- University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Musenga
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Authentication and Geographical Characterisation of Italian Grape Musts through Glucose and Fructose Carbon Isotopic Ratios Determined by LC-IRMS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031411. [PMID: 36771077 PMCID: PMC9919784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The authenticity of grape musts is normally checked through a time-consuming stable isotopic analysis of carbon (δ13C) after fermentation and distillation by following the official OIV MA AS-312-06 method. In this study, the alternative use of a technique based on δ13C isotopic analysis of the major sugars of the grape must by liquid chromatography coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC-IRMS) is provided. It allows not only the detection of the fraudulent addition to grape must of exogenous glucose and fructose deriving from C4 plants but also the characterisation of it based on its geographical origin. In order to discriminate between musts from different areas of Italy, a preliminary dataset was considered; the δ13C isotopic ratios of glucose and fructose of around 100 authentic samples were analysed. The two analysed parameters, ranging from -29.8‱ to -21.9‱, are well correlated (R2 = 0.7802) and the northern regions showed significantly more negative δ13C values for both sugars than the rest of the dataset.
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Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of volatile organic compounds in complex soil extracts using purge and trap concentration coupled to heart-cutting two-dimensional gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462480. [PMID: 34479096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis (CSIA) is a powerful tool to track the origin and fate of organic subsurface contaminants including petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons and is typically applied to water samples. However, soil can form a significant contaminant reservoir. In soil samples, it can be challenging to recover sufficient amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) to perform CSIA. Soil samples often contain complex contaminant mixtures and gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) is highly dependent on good chromatographic separation due to the conversion to a single analyte. To extend the applicability of CSIA to complex volatile organic compound mixtures in soil samples, and to recover sufficient amounts of target compounds for carbon CSIA, we compared two soil extraction solvents, tetraglyme (TGDE) and methanol, and developed a heart-cutting two-dimensional GC-GC-C-IRMS method. We used purge & trap concentration of solvent-water mixtures to increase the amount of analyte delivered to the column and thus lower method detection limits. We optimized purge & trap and chromatographic parameters for twelve target compounds, including one suffering from poor purge efficiency. By using a 30 m thick-film non-polar column in the first and a 15 m polar column in the second dimension, we achieved good chromatographic separation for the target compounds in difficult matrices and high accuracy (trueness and precision) for carbon isotopic analysis. Tetraglyme extraction was shown to offer advantages over methanol for purge & trap concentration, leading to lower target compound method detection limits for CSIA of soil samples. The applicability of the developed method was demonstrated for a case study on soil extracts from a former manufacturing facility. Our approach extends the applicability of CSIA to an important matrix that often controls the long-term fate of contaminants in the subsurface.
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A uniform sample preparation procedure for gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry for all human doping control relevant anabolic steroids using online 2/3-dimensional liquid chromatography fraction collection. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1168:338610. [PMID: 34051993 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Androgenic anabolic steroids are the most misused substances in sports because of their performance-enhancing effects. Often synthetic analogues of endogenously present steroids are administered. To determine their endogenous or exogenous origin, Gas Chromatography Combustion Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) is used in the field of doping control. Compounds subjected to IRMS analysis must be interference-free, with liquid chromatography fraction collection (HPLC-FC) being the crucial clean-up step. However, this clean-up is challenging, particularly for compounds present at low concentrations in samples with pronounced matrix effects. The compounds of interests for IRMS analyses in doping control are testosterone (T) and its main metabolites (androsterone, etiocholanolone, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol), epitestosterone, 19-norandrosterone (19-NA), boldenone (B) and its main metabolite (BM), formestane (F) and 6αOH-androstenedione (6aOHADION). Currently, the available methods only deal with a selection of the above-mentioned compounds. Some of these compounds (e.g., 19-NA, B, BM, 6aOHADION) are present in very low concentrations, requiring an extensive and dedicated sample clean-up, and this makes it challenging to develop a universal clean-up procedure. Many of these methods require different and multiple offline HPLC-FC setups, which are labour-intensive and time-consuming. That is problematic during, e.g., large sports events, where reporting time is limited (e.g., 72 h). Therefore, in the current work, we developed a uniform online 2D/3D HPLC-FC method, capable of purifying all relevant target compounds in a single run, leading to the fastest clean-up procedure so far (i.e., 31 min for T and its main metabolites; 46 min for 19-NA, F and 6aOHADION; 48 min for B and BM).
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Skinner C, Mill AC, Fox MD, Newman SP, Zhu Y, Kuhl A, Polunin NVC. Offshore pelagic subsidies dominate carbon inputs to coral reef predators. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/8/eabf3792. [PMID: 33608282 PMCID: PMC7895429 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs were traditionally perceived as productive hot spots in oligotrophic waters. While modern evidence indicates that many coral reef food webs are heavily subsidized by planktonic production, the pathways through which this occurs remain unresolved. We used the analytical power of carbon isotope analysis of essential amino acids to distinguish between alternative carbon pathways supporting four key reef predators across an oceanic atoll. This technique separates benthic versus planktonic inputs, further identifying two distinct planktonic pathways (nearshore reef-associated plankton and offshore pelagic plankton), and revealing that these reef predators are overwhelmingly sustained by offshore pelagic sources rather than by reef sources (including reef-associated plankton). Notably, pelagic reliance did not vary between species or reef habitats, emphasizing that allochthonous energetic subsidies may have system-wide importance. These results help explain how coral reefs maintain exceptional productivity in apparently nutrient-poor tropical settings, but also emphasize their susceptibility to future ocean productivity fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Skinner
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - A C Mill
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - M D Fox
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - S P Newman
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Banyan Tree Marine Lab, Vabbinfaru Resort, North Malé Atoll, Republic of Maldives
| | - Y Zhu
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - A Kuhl
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - N V C Polunin
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Lacombe RJS, Bazinet RP. Natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis and its application in the study of diet and metabolism. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:869-888. [PMID: 33141222 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to differences in carbon assimilation pathways between plants, there are subtle but distinct variations in the carbon isotope ratios of foods and animal products throughout the food supply. Although it is well understood that the carbon isotope ratio composition of the diet influences that of the consumers' tissues, the application of natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis in nutrition has long been underappreciated. Over the past decade, however, several studies have investigated the utility of carbon isotope ratio analysis for evaluation of nutritional biomarker status, primarily focusing on its application as an objective indicator of sugar and animal protein intake. More recently, research investigating the application of natural abundance measurements has been extended to study fatty acid metabolism and has yielded encouraging results. Collectively, data from large-scale observational studies and experimental animal studies highlight the potential for carbon isotope ratio analysis as an additional and effective tool to study diet and metabolism. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis, its application to studying nutrition, and an update of the research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Scott Lacombe
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Lee DH, Kim H, Yun HY, Park M, Choe S, In S, Kim E, Han E, Shin KH. Complementary approach for accurate determination of carbon isotopic compositions in γ-hydroxybutyric acid using gas chromatography/combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1434-1439. [PMID: 31070267 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a naturally endogenous neurotransmitter that is popular as a recreational drug due to its sedative, hypnotic, and euphoric effects. GHB derived from endogenous production or exogenous ingestion has been effectively discriminated by carbon isotopic compositions (δ13 C values) through gas chromatography/combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C-IRMS). However, an unintended uncertainty of isotopic signatures caused by a wide range of GHB quantities remains unsolved when using only single-isotope corrections of the di-TMS derivative. METHODS The δ13 C values of the original GHB standard were first determined by elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). The δ13 C values of silylated GHB in concentrations from 10 to 500 ppm were determined by GC/C-IRMS. With respect to the silylated reaction products, the correction of δ13 C values for the introduced carbons was calculated from a stoichiometric mass balance equation. RESULTS The results showed a significant quantity-dependent trend in δ13 C values of introduced carbon (δ13 Cdi-TMS values) with increased GHB standard concentrations (r2 = 0.70, p <0.05). We applied a logarithmic equation to determine isotopic data in low-GHB urine specimens from five healthy female volunteers. The δ13 CGHB values in urine samples corrected with quantity-dependent δ13 Cdi-TMS values were different by an average of 2.7‰ from those corrected with single δ13 Cdi-TMS values (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the overall residual amount-dependent isotope fractionation should be mathematically corrected by the logarithmic function and this may improve the reliability of isotopic analysis to evaluate the origin of GHB before applying the approach to routine toxicological and forensic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 144 Samyang-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
- Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Yun
- Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sanghwan In
- National Forensic Service, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- National Forensic Service, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 144 Samyang-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
- Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
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Movassaghi CS, McCarthy DP, Bhandari D, Blount BC, De Jesús VR. Multiple Ion Transition Summation of Isotopologues for Improved Mass Spectrometric Detection of N-Acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1213-1219. [PMID: 31012057 PMCID: PMC7887456 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple ion transition summation of isotopologues (MITSI) is an adaptable and easy-to-implement methodology for improving analytical sensitivity, especially for halogenated compounds and otherwise abundant isotopologues. This novel application of signal summing was applied to measure and quantitate the two most abundant ion transitions of two isotopologues of N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (1DCV), a urinary metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE). Because 1DCV is dichlorinated, only approximately half of the total potential signal is quantifiable when the monoisotopic ion transition (i.e., m/z 256 → 127 for 35Cl2) is monitored. By summing the intensity of a separate and high-abundance 1DCV isotopologue ion transition (i.e., m/z 258 → 129 to include 35Cl and 37Cl), overall signal intensity increased by over 70%. This summation technique improved the analytical sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) by factors of 2.3 and 2.9, respectively, compared to monitoring the two transitions separately, without summation. Separation and detection were performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in negative-ion mode with scheduled selected reaction monitoring. This approach was verified for accuracy and precision using two quality control materials. In addition, we derived a modified signal summation equation to calculate predicted signal enhancements specific to the MITSI approach. Graphical Abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S Movassaghi
- Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), Tobacco and Volatiles Branch (TVB), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS F-47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Declan P McCarthy
- Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), Tobacco and Volatiles Branch (TVB), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS F-47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Deepak Bhandari
- Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), Tobacco and Volatiles Branch (TVB), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS F-47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), Tobacco and Volatiles Branch (TVB), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS F-47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Víctor R De Jesús
- Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), Tobacco and Volatiles Branch (TVB), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS F-47, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
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Tobias HJ, Jones A, Spanjers C, Bowers L, Brenna JT. Low Temperature Catalytic Combustion Reactors for High Precision Carbon Isotope Measurements in Gas Chromatography Combustion Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2901-2907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert J. Tobias
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - Andrew Jones
- Activated Research Company, 7561 Corporate Way, Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344, United States
| | - Charlie Spanjers
- Activated Research Company, 7561 Corporate Way, Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344, United States
| | - Larry Bowers
- LDBowers, LLC, Southern Pines, North Carolina 28387, United States
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Srivastava K, Jentsch A, Kreyling J, Glaser B, Wiesenberg GLB. Short-term carbon dynamics in a temperate grassland and heathland ecosystem exposed to 104 days of drought followed by irrigation. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2018; 54:41-62. [PMID: 28914091 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1371714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Temperate ecosystems are susceptible to drought events. The effect of a severe drought (104 days) followed by irrigation on the plant C uptake, its assimilation and input of C in soil were examined using a triple 13CO2 pulse-chase labelling experiment in model grassland and heathland ecosystems. First 13CO2 pulse at day 0 of the experiment revealed much higher 13C tracer uptake for shoots, roots and soil compared to the second pulse (day 44), where all plants showed significantly lower 13C tracer uptake. After the third 13CO2 pulse (day 70), very low 13C uptake in shoots led to a negligible allocation of 13C into roots and soil. During irrigation after the severe drought, the 13C tracer that was allocated in plant tissues during the second and third pulse labelling was re-allocated in roots and soil, as soon as the irrigation started. This re-allocation was higher and longer lasting in heathland compared to grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Srivastava
- a Department of Geography , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
- b Department of Disturbance Ecology , University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- b Department of Disturbance Ecology , University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- c Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology , University of Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Bruno Glaser
- d Department of Soil Biogeochemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
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Tobias HJ, Brenna JT. Cryofocus fast gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry for rapid detection of synthetic steroid use in sport doping. Analyst 2018; 143:1124-1132. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sports doping requires high precision carbon isotope ratio (CIR) analysis of endogenous steroids using gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCC-IRMS), however methods are relatively slow and cumbersome. In this work, speed of analysis is improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert J. Tobias
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute
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13
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Wang J, He Y, Liu X, Yang Z, Yang W. Steroid profile and IRMS analysis of musk administration for doping control. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1779-1787. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Wang
- National Anti‐Doping LaboratoryChina Anti‐Doping Agency Beijing China
| | - Yi He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Anti‐Doping LaboratoryChina Anti‐Doping Agency Beijing China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- National Anti‐Doping LaboratoryChina Anti‐Doping Agency Beijing China
| | - Wenning Yang
- China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Beijing China
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14
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Barrie CD, Taylor KWR, Zumberge J. Measurement of compound-specific carbon isotope ratios (δ(13) C values) via direct injection of whole crude oil samples. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:843-853. [PMID: 26969925 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool in understanding the generation, history and correlation of hydrocarbons. Compound-specific δ(13) C measurements of oils allow detailed comparison of individual compound groupings; however, most studies of these sample materials separate and isolate individual fractions based on the chemistries of particular compound groups, potentially losing considerable valuable isotopic data. Even if all fractions are analyzed, this represents a large increase in the data-processing burden, effectively multiplying data evaluation time and effort by the number of fractions produced. Gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) of untreated, whole crude oils allows the immediate collection of a larger suite of valuable isotopic data for these studies. METHODS Untreated ('neat', undiluted), whole crude oils were directly injected and measured on a GC/IRMS system, using split (40:1) injections and a 50 m HP-PONA column. The GC method, 97 min in duration, was designed to maximize baseline separation of target analyte peaks, while an additional oxygen flow was admitted into the combustion reactor to maximize the lifetime of the combustion chemicals. RESULTS The method and setup utilized allow the measurement of a much greater range of the n-alkanes (n-C4 to n-C25+ ) than traditional methods, while also retaining important cycloalkane, aromatic and isoprenoid peaks within the same analysis. Carbon isotope (δ(13) C) evaluation of these additional compound classes reveals trends in maturity and origins which are not identifiable when exclusively assessing the traditional n-alkane package (>n-C12 ). CONCLUSIONS The described setup and method open up new possibilities for assessing the origins and histories of crude oil samples. The data generated for the whole oil n-alkanes by this method is equivalent to that reported for isolated n-alkane studies, while also providing valuable additional data on many other important compounds. The end result of this method is a more complete assessment of the carbon isotopic composition of crude oils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Barrie
- GeoMark Research, 9748 Whithorn Dr., Houston, TX, 77095, USA
| | | | - John Zumberge
- GeoMark Research, 9748 Whithorn Dr., Houston, TX, 77095, USA
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15
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Schimmelmann A, Qi H, Coplen TB, Brand WA, Fong J, Meier-Augenstein W, Kemp HF, Toman B, Ackermann A, Assonov S, Aerts-Bijma AT, Brejcha R, Chikaraishi Y, Darwish T, Elsner M, Gehre M, Geilmann H, Gröning M, Hélie JF, Herrero-Martín S, Meijer HAJ, Sauer PE, Sessions AL, Werner RA. Organic Reference Materials for Hydrogen, Carbon, and Nitrogen Stable Isotope-Ratio Measurements: Caffeines, n-Alkanes, Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, Glycines, l-Valines, Polyethylenes, and Oils. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4294-302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Schimmelmann
- Department
of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Haiping Qi
- U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National
Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | - Tyler B. Coplen
- U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National
Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | - Willi A. Brand
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Beutenberg Campus, P.O. Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany
| | - Jon Fong
- Department
of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Wolfram Meier-Augenstein
- Stable Isotope Forensics Lab, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Helen F. Kemp
- Stable Isotope Forensics Lab, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Blaza Toman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Information Technology Laboratory, 100 Bureau Drive, M/S 8980, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8980, United States
| | - Annika Ackermann
- Institut für Agrarwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, LFW C48.1, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Assonov
- Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Environmental Laboratories, Department
of Nuclear Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita T. Aerts-Bijma
- Centre for Isotope
Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen
(ESRIG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramona Brejcha
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Grundwasserökologie, Ingolstädter Landstrasse
1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yoshito Chikaraishi
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tamim Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Martin Elsner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Grundwasserökologie, Ingolstädter Landstrasse
1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Department
for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Geilmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Beutenberg Campus, P.O. Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany
| | - Manfred Gröning
- Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Environmental Laboratories, Department
of Nuclear Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-François Hélie
- Centre de Recherche GEOTOP,
Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Atmosphère, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3P8
| | - Sara Herrero-Martín
- Department
for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harro A. J. Meijer
- Centre for Isotope
Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen
(ESRIG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter E. Sauer
- Department
of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alex L. Sessions
- Division
of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Roland A. Werner
- Institut für Agrarwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, LFW C48.1, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Croyal M, Bourgeois R, Ouguerram K, Billon-Crossouard S, Aguesse A, Nguyen P, Krempf M, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Nobécourt E. Comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis for in vivo estimates of metabolic fluxes. Anal Biochem 2016; 500:63-5. [PMID: 26898306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was compared with gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) for measurements of cholesterol (13)C enrichment after infusion of labeled precursor ([(13)C1,2]acetate). Paired results were significantly correlated, although GC-MS was less accurate than GC-C-IRMS for higher enrichments. Nevertheless, only GC-MS was able to provide information on isotopologue distribution, bringing new insights to lipid metabolism. Therefore, we assessed the isotopologue distribution of cholesterol in humans and dogs known to present contrasted cholesterol metabolic pathways. The labeled tracer incorporation was different in both species, highlighting the subsidiarity of GC-MS and GC-C-IRMS to analyze in vivo stable isotope studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaël Croyal
- INRA, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44000 Nantes, France; CRNH, Human Nutrition Research Center, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes, France
| | - Raphaëlle Bourgeois
- INRA, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44000 Nantes, France; CRNH, Human Nutrition Research Center, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes, France
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- INRA, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44000 Nantes, France; CRNH, Human Nutrition Research Center, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Billon-Crossouard
- INRA, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44000 Nantes, France; CRNH, Human Nutrition Research Center, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Aguesse
- INRA, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44000 Nantes, France; CRNH, Human Nutrition Research Center, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Nguyen
- CRNH, Human Nutrition Research Center, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes, France; Oniris, National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering, Nutrition and Endocrinology Unit, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - Michel Krempf
- INRA, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44000 Nantes, France; CRNH, Human Nutrition Research Center, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes, France; Endocrinology, G and R Laennec Hospital, F-44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Véronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- INRA, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44000 Nantes, France; CRNH, Human Nutrition Research Center, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Nobécourt
- INRA, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44000 Nantes, France; CRNH, Human Nutrition Research Center, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes, France; Endocrinology, G and R Laennec Hospital, F-44093 Nantes, France
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17
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Mass Spectrometry in Food Quality and Safety. ADVANCED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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18
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Brand WA, Douthitt CB, Fourel F, Maia R, Rodrigues C, Maguas C, Prohaska T. Gas Source Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS). SECTOR FIELD MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR ELEMENTAL AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735407-00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry is usually referred to as isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) or stable-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (SIRMS). IRMS is a conventional method for measuring isotope ratios and has benefited from more than 65 years of research and development. Modern mass spectrometers are all based on gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry field mass separators. More recently, the development of high-resolution sector field devices has added a new dimension to IRMS. Modern instruments achieve a high sample throughput, which is a prerequisite, e.g., for ecosystem studies where usually a large number of samples needs to be analysed and high precision is required. IRMS is used specifically for the measurement of stable-isotope ratios of a limited number of elements (C, H, N, O and S) after transfer into a gaseous species. Si, Cl, Br and Se can be added to the list even though their applications are limited compared to the other isotope systems. A concise overview of the technical background is given here as well as numerous applications of this technique in earth and geosciences, paleoclimate research, cosmochemistry, environmental sciences and life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francois Fourel
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, CNRS-UMR 5276, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon France
| | | | - Carla Rodrigues
- Diverge Grupo Nabeiro Innovation Centre, R&D Projects Portugal
| | | | - Thomas Prohaska
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry, VIRIS Laboratory for Analytical Ecogeochemistry Tulln Austria
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19
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van Leeuwen KA, Prenzler PD, Ryan D, Camin F. Gas Chromatography-Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry for Traceability and Authenticity in Foods and Beverages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katryna A. van Leeuwen
- Dept. of Food Quality and Nutrition; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM); Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN) Italy
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences; EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation; Charles Sturt Univ; Wagga Wagga NSW 2678 Australia
| | - Paul D. Prenzler
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences; EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation; Charles Sturt Univ; Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia
| | - Danielle Ryan
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences; EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation; Charles Sturt Univ; Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia
| | - Federica Camin
- Dept. of Food Quality and Nutrition; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM); Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN) Italy
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20
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Ferreira L, Daniel J, Celaya R, Santos A, Osoro K, Rodrigues M, Pellikaan W. Utilization of carbon isotope enrichments (δ13C) of alkanes as faecal markers to estimate diet composition of goats fed with heathland vegetation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Thevis M, Kuuranne T, Geyer H, Schänzer W. Annual banned-substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:164-84. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6 50933 Cologne Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents; Cologne Germany
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Doping Control Laboratory; United Medix Laboratories; Höyläämötie 14 00380 Helsinki Finland
| | - Hans Geyer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6 50933 Cologne Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6 50933 Cologne Germany
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cawley
- Racing NSW - Australian Racing Forensic Laboratory; Sydney; New South Wales; 1465; Australia
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23
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Munton E, Liu FH, John Murby E, Brynn Hibbert D. Certification of steroid carbon isotope ratios in a freeze-dried human urine reference material. Drug Test Anal 2012; 4:928-33. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fong-Ha Liu
- Chemical Reference Methods; National Measurement Institute, Australia (NMIA); 1 Suakin St; Pymble; NSW; 2073; Australia
| | - E. John Murby
- Chemical Reference Methods; National Measurement Institute, Australia (NMIA); 1 Suakin St; Pymble; NSW; 2073; Australia
| | - D. Brynn Hibbert
- School of Chemistry; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
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