1
|
Veeravalli KK. Implications of MMP-12 in the pathophysiology of ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:97-107. [PMID: 37336584 PMCID: PMC11103161 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on the emerging role of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in ischaemic stroke (IS). MMP-12 expression in the brain increases dramatically in animal models of IS, and its suppression reduces brain damage and promotes neurological, sensorimotor and cognitive functional outcomes. Thus, MMP-12 could represent a potential target for the management of IS. This article provides an overview of MMP-12 upregulation in the brain following IS, its deleterious role in the post-stroke pathogenesis (blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation, apoptosis and demyelination), possible molecular interactions and mechanistic insights, its involvement in post-ischaemic functional deficits and recovery as well as the limitations, perspectives, challenges and future directions for further research. Prior to testing any MMP-12-targeted therapy in patients with acute IS, additional research is needed to establish the effectiveness of MMP-12 suppression against IS in older animals and in animals with comorbidities. This article also examines the clinical implications of suppressing MMP-12 alone or in combination with MMP-9 for extending the currently limited tissue plasminogen activator therapy time window. Targeting of MMP-12 is expected to have a profound influence on the therapeutic management of IS in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Veeravalli
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Chen Z, Li J, Wan T, Hu R, Zhang L, Qin L, Zang L, Gu W, Chen R, Liu C, Li R. Gestational exposure to PM 2.5 disrupts fetal development by suppressing placental trophoblast syncytialization via progranulin/mTOR signaling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171101. [PMID: 38387595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and animal studies have indicated that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure during pregnancy is closely associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be revealed. In this study, we found that gestational exposure to PM2.5 significantly decreased fetal weight and crown-rump length in mice, accompanied by insufficient placental trophoblast syncytialization and increased expression of progranulin (PGRN) in mice placenta. Administering PGRN neutralizing antibody to pregnant mice alleviated growth restriction and insufficient placental trophoblast syncytialization caused by PM2.5, accompanied with suppressed activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vitro experiments using human placental BeWo cells showed that 10 μg·mL-1 PM2.5 activated PGRN/mTOR signaling and suppressed forskolin-induced cell fusion, which was blocked by knockdown of PGRN. Taken together, our results demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy inhibited placental trophoblast syncytialization by activating PGRN/mTOR signaling, leading to abnormal placental development and IUGR. This study reveals a novel mechanism underlying the developmental toxicity of PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yirun Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuan Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng Wan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renjie Hu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Gu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Poniatowski ŁA, Woźnica M, Wojdasiewicz P, Mela-Kalicka A, Romanowska-Próchnicka K, Purrahman D, Żurek G, Krawczyk M, Nameh Goshay Fard N, Furtak-Niczyporuk M, Jaroszyński J, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Joniec-Maciejak I. The Role of Progranulin (PGRN) in the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cells 2024; 13:124. [PMID: 38247816 PMCID: PMC10814625 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most common and aggressive malignant form of brain tumour in adults and is characterized by an extremely poor prognosis with dismal survival rates. Currently, expanding concepts concerning the pathophysiology of GBM are inextricably linked with neuroinflammatory phenomena. On account of this fact, the identification of novel pathomechanisms targeting neuroinflammation seems to be crucial in terms of yielding successful individual therapeutic strategies. In recent years, the pleiotropic growth factor progranulin (PGRN) has attracted significant attention in the neuroscience and oncological community regarding its neuroimmunomodulatory and oncogenic functions. This review of the literature summarizes and updates contemporary knowledge about PGRN, its associated receptors and signalling pathway involvement in GBM pathogenesis, indicating possible cellular and molecular mechanisms with potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets in order to yield successful individual therapeutic strategies. After a review of the literature, we found that there are possible PGRN-targeted therapeutic approaches for implementation in GBM treatment algorithms both in preclinical and future clinical studies. Furthermore, PGRN-targeted therapies exerted their highest efficacy in combination with other established chemotherapeutic agents, such as temozolomide. The results of the analysis suggested that the possible implementation of routine determinations of PGRN and its associated receptors in tumour tissue and biofluids could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of GBM. Furthermore, promising preclinical applications of PGRN-related findings should be investigated in clinical studies in order to create new diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz A. Poniatowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Salvador-Allende-Straße 30, 17036 Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Michał Woźnica
- Department of Spine Surgery, 7th Navy Hospital, Polanki 117, 80-305 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Wojdasiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland (K.R.-P.)
| | - Aneta Mela-Kalicka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland (K.R.-P.)
- Department of Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daryush Purrahman
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; (D.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Żurek
- Department of Biostructure, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Maciej Krawczyk
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Najmeh Nameh Goshay Fard
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; (D.P.)
| | - Marzena Furtak-Niczyporuk
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Jaroszyński
- Department of Administrative Proceedings, Faculty of Law and Administration, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University of Lublin, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 5, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; (D.P.)
| | - Ilona Joniec-Maciejak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gillett DA, Wallings RL, Uriarte Huarte O, Tansey MG. Progranulin and GPNMB: interactions in endo-lysosome function and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:286. [PMID: 38037070 PMCID: PMC10688479 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in progranulin (PGRN) expression are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Recently, the loss of PGRN was shown to result in endo-lysosomal system dysfunction and an age-dependent increase in the expression of another protein associated with NDs, glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB). MAIN BODY It is unclear what role GPNMB plays in the context of PGRN insufficiency and how they interact and contribute to the development or progression of NDs. This review focuses on the interplay between these two critical proteins within the context of endo-lysosomal health, immune function, and inflammation in their contribution to NDs. SHORT CONCLUSION PGRN and GPNMB are interrelated proteins that regulate disease-relevant processes and may have value as therapeutic targets to delay disease progression or extend therapeutic windows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew A Gillett
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca L Wallings
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zecca C, Tortelli R, Carrera P, Dell'Abate MT, Logroscino G, Ferrari M. Genotype-phenotype correlation in the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia-parkinsonian syndromes and advanced diagnostic approaches. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 60:171-188. [PMID: 36510705 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2150833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The term frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized mainly by atrophy of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. Based on clinical presentation, three main clinical syndromes have traditionally been described: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), non-fluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfPPA), and semantic variant PPA (svPPA). However, over the last 20 years, it has been recognized that cognitive phenotypes often overlap with motor phenotypes, either motor neuron diseases or parkinsonian signs and/or syndromes like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and cortico-basal syndrome (CBS). Furthermore, FTD-related genes are characterized by genetic pleiotropy and can cause, even in the same family, pure motor phenotypes, findings that underlie the clinical continuum of the spectrum, which has pure cognitive and pure motor phenotypes as the extremes. The genotype-phenotype correlation of the spectrum, FTD-motor neuron disease, has been well defined and extensively investigated, while the continuum, FTD-parkinsonism, lacks a comprehensive review. In this narrative review, we describe the current knowledge about the genotype-phenotype correlation of the spectrum, FTD-parkinsonism, focusing on the phenotypes that are less frequent than bvFTD, namely nfPPA, svPPA, PSP, CBS, and cognitive-motor overlapping phenotypes (i.e. PPA + PSP). From a pathological point of view, they are characterized mainly by the presence of phosphorylated-tau inclusions, either 4 R or 3 R. The genetic correlate of the spectrum can be heterogeneous, although some variants seem to lead preferentially to specific clinical syndromes. Furthermore, we critically review the contribution of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in disentangling the complex heritability of the FTD-parkinsonism spectrum and in defining the genotype-phenotype correlation of the entire clinical scenario, owing to the ability of these techniques to test multiple genes, and so to allow detailed investigations of the overlapping phenotypes. Finally, we conclude with the importance of a detailed genetic characterization and we offer to patients and families the chance to be included in future randomized clinical trials focused on autosomal dominant forms of FTLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zecca
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paola Carrera
- Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis and Clinical Molecular Biology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Dell'Abate
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy.,Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Finger E, Malik R, Bocchetta M, Coleman K, Graff C, Borroni B, Masellis M, Laforce R, Greaves CV, Russell LL, Convery RS, Bouzigues A, Cash DM, Otto M, Synofzik M, Rowe JB, Galimberti D, Tiraboschi P, Bartha R, Shoesmith C, Tartaglia MC, van Swieten JC, Seelaar H, Jiskoo LC, Sorbi S, Butler CR, Gerhard A, Sanchez-Valle R, de Mendonça A, Moreno F, Vandenberghe R, Le Ber I, Levin J, Pasquier F, Santana I, Rohrer JD, Ducharme S. Neurodevelopmental effects of genetic frontotemporal dementia in young adult mutation carriers. Brain 2022; 146:2120-2131. [PMID: 36458975 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While frontotemporal dementia (frontotemporal dementia) has been considered a neurodegenerative disease that starts in mid-life or later, it is now clearly established that cortical and subcortical volume loss is observed more than a decade prior to symptom onset and progresses with aging. To test the hypothesis that genetic mutations causing frontotemporal dementia have neurodevelopmental consequences, we have examined the youngest adults in the GENFI cohort of pre-symptomatic frontotemporal dementia mutation carriers who are between the ages of 19 and 30y. Structural brain differences and improved performance on some cognitive tests was found for MAPT and GRN mutation carriers relative to familial non-carriers, while smaller volumes were observed in C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers at a mean age of 26y. The detection of such early differences supports potential advantageous neurodevelopmental consequences of some frontotemporal dementia causing genetic mutations. These results have implications for design of therapeutic interventions for frontotemporal dementia. Future studies at younger ages are needed to identify specific early pathophysiologic or compensatory processes in the neurodevelopmental period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rubina Malik
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kristy Coleman
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Graff
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementia, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Masellis
- Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques, CHU de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline V Greaves
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy L Russell
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rhian S Convery
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arabella Bouzigues
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Cash
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust and Medical Research Council Cognition and brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Robert Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christen Shoesmith
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Toronto Western Hospital, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer center, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lize C Jiskoo
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer center, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chris R Butler
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fermin Moreno
- Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de référence des démences rares ou précoces, IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Levin
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Univ Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm 1172, Lille, France
- CHU, CNR-MAJ, Labex Distalz, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
BILGIN B, GULER M, CICEK H, URFALIOGLU S, KOKUSARI G, MARANGOZOGLU SAHIN B. Searching for Biomarkers in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Amphiregulin and Progranulin. Medeni Med J 2022; 37:327-331. [PMID: 36578150 PMCID: PMC9808851 DOI: 10.4274/mmj.galenos.2022.10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetic retinopathy is a common diabetic microvascular problem. Its diagnosis and classification are based on visible changes in clinical fundus examination. However, the discovery of possible vitreous biomarkers in patients with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy may guide both the differentiation and degree of retinopathy. Biomarkers that will be accepted can be also a treatment target. Amphiregulin (AREG) promotes proliferative and regenerative activity and repairs most cell types by binding and activating epidermal growth factor receptors. Progranulin (PGRN) has complex functions in many physiological and pathological processes. Thus, this study aimed to report vitreous AREG and PGRN levels in patients with diabetes and proliferative retinopathy and compare the results with those without diabetes. Methods Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 eyes of 31 patients without diabetes were included in this study. Vitreous humor samples were collected from all patients at the time of pars plana vitrectomy surgery immediately before the surgical procedure. Vitreous AREG and PGRN values were determined by the ELISA method. Results The mean AREG and PGRN values were similar in the groups (p=0.427, p=0.459, respectively). Conclusions The results demonstrated that vitreous AREG and PGRN levels have no significant relationship with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burak BILGIN
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mete GULER
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Hulya CICEK
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Selma URFALIOGLU
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Gokhan KOKUSARI
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Bedia MARANGOZOGLU SAHIN
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Challa SR, Nalamolu KR, Fornal CA, Wang BC, Martin RC, Olson EA, Ujjainwala AL, Pinson DM, Klopfenstein JD, Veeravalli KK. Therapeutic efficacy of matrix metalloproteinase-12 suppression on neurological recovery after ischemic stroke: Optimal treatment timing and duration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1012812. [PMID: 36267234 PMCID: PMC9577328 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1012812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that the post-ischemic induction of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in the brain degrades tight junction proteins, increases MMP-9 and TNFα expression, and contributes to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, apoptosis, demyelination, and infarct volume development. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the effect of MMP-12 suppression by shRNA-mediated gene silencing on neurological/functional recovery, (2) establish the optimal timing of MMP-12shRNA treatment that provides maximum therapeutic benefit, (3) compare the effectiveness of acute versus chronic MMP-12 suppression, and (4) evaluate potential sex-related differences in treatment outcomes. Young male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Cohorts of rats were administered either MMP-12shRNA or scrambled shRNA sequence (control) expressing plasmids (1 mg/kg; i.v.) formulated as nanoparticles. At designated time points after reperfusion, rats from various groups were subjected to a battery of neurological tests to assess their reflex, balance, sensory, and motor functions. Suppression of MMP-12 promoted the neurological recovery of stroke-induced male and female rats, although the effect was less apparent in females. Immediate treatment after reperfusion resulted in a better recovery of sensory and motor function than delayed treatments. Chronic MMP-12 suppression neither enhanced nor diminished the therapeutic effects of acute MMP-12 suppression, indicating that a single dose of plasmid may be sufficient. We conclude that suppressing MMP-12 after an ischemic stroke is a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting the recovery of neurological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Koteswara Rao Nalamolu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Casimir A. Fornal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Billy C. Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Children’s Hospital of Illinois, OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Ryan C. Martin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Elsa A. Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Ammar L. Ujjainwala
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - David M. Pinson
- Department of Health Sciences Education and Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Klopfenstein
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Krishna Kumar Veeravalli
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Krishna Kumar Veeravalli,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Purrahman D, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Saki N, Wojdasiewicz P, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I, Poniatowski ŁA. Involvement of progranulin (PGRN) in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer. Cytokine 2022; 151:155803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Wang C, Zhou W, Su G, Hu J, Yang P. Progranulin Suppressed Autoimmune Uveitis and Autoimmune Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting Th1/Th17 Cells and Promoting Treg Cells and M2 Macrophages. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/2/e1133. [PMID: 35082168 PMCID: PMC8791655 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Progranulin (PGRN) is an important immune regulatory molecule in several immune-mediated diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of PGRN in uveitis and its counterpart, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS Serum PGRN levels in patients with Behcet disease (BD) or Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and normal controls were measured by ELISA. EAE and EAU were induced in B10RIII, wild-type, and PGRN-/- mice to evaluate the effect of PGRN on the development of these 2 immune-mediated disease models. The local and systemic immunologic alterations were detected by ELISA, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR. RNA sequencing was performed to identify the hub genes and key signaling pathway. RESULTS A significantly decreased PGRN expression was observed in patients with active BD and active VKH. Recombinant PGRN significantly reduced EAU severity in association with a decreased frequency of Th17 and Th1 cells. PGRN-/- mice developed an exacerbated EAU and EAE in association with strikingly increased frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells and reduced frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells. In vitro studies revealed that rPGRN could inhibit IRBP161-180-specific Th1 and Th17 cell response and promote Treg cell expansion. It promoted non-antigen-specific Treg cell polarization from naive CD4+ T cells in association with increased STAT5 phosphorylation. Using RAN sequencing, we identified 5 shared hub genes including Tnf, Il6, Il1b, Cxcl2, and Ccl2 and the most significantly enriched MAPK and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway in PGRN-/- EAU mice. The aggravated EAE activity in PGRN-/- mice was associated with a skew from M2 to M1 macrophages. DISCUSSION Our results collectively reveal an important protective role of PGRN in EAU and EAE. These studies suggest that PGRN could serve as an immunoregulatory target in the study of prevention and treatment for the Th1/Th17-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaokui Wang
- From the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- From the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, China
| | - Guannan Su
- From the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- From the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- From the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Vaghari-Tabari M, Oghbaei H, Lotz L, Zarezadeh R, Rastgar Rezaei Y, Ranjkesh M, Nouri M, Fattahi A, Nikanfar S, Dittrich R. Role of adipokines in embryo implantation. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R267-R278. [PMID: 34559064 PMCID: PMC8558901 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a complex process in which multiple molecules acting together under strict regulation. Studies showed the production of various adipokines and their receptors in the embryo and uterus, where they can influence the maternal-fetal transmission of metabolites and embryo implantation. Therefore, these cytokines have opened a novel area of study in the field of embryo-maternal crosstalk during early pregnancy. In this respect, the involvement of adipokines has been widely reported in the regulation of both physiological and pathological aspects of the implantation process. However, the information about the role of some recently identified adipokines is limited. This review aims to highlight the role of various adipokines in embryo-maternal interactions, endometrial receptivity, and embryo implantation, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Oghbaei
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laura Lotz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Rastgar Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ranjkesh
- Medical Radiation Science Research Group (MRSRG), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Fattahi or S Nikanfar: or
| | - Saba Nikanfar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Fattahi or S Nikanfar: or
| | - Ralf Dittrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schor NF, Bianchi DW. Neurodevelopmental Clues to Neurodegeneration. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 123:67-76. [PMID: 34399111 PMCID: PMC10040214 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by neuronal loss, usually in late life. But recently, abnormalities of proteins implicated in neurodegenerative disorders have been identified in disorders of childhood, raising the possibility that clues to susceptibility to and prevention of neurodegenerative disorders may be identifiable before symptoms of disease arise. This review leverages these new and evolving findings to test our hypothesis, first proposed in 2010, that proteins implicated in neurodegenerative disorders play important roles in brain development by examining evidence in the peer-reviewed literature published in the past five years for the relevance of these proteins in normal and disease-associated brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina F Schor
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang XM, Zeng P, Fang YY, Zhang T, Tian Q. Progranulin in neurodegenerative dementia. J Neurochem 2021; 158:119-137. [PMID: 33930186 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-term or severe lack of protective factors is important in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative dementia. Progranulin (PGRN), a neurotrophic factor expressed mainly in neurons and microglia, has various neuroprotective effects such as anti-inflammatory effects, promoting neuron survival and neurite growth, and participating in normal lysosomal function. Mutations in the PGRN gene (GRN) have been found in several neurodegenerative dementias, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, PGRN deficiency and PGRN hydrolytic products (GRNs) in the pathological changes related to dementia, including aggregation of tau and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), amyloid-β (Aβ) overproduction, neuroinflammation, lysosomal dysfunction, neuronal death, and synaptic deficit have been summarized. Furthermore, as some therapeutic strategies targeting PGRN have been developed in various models, we highlighted PGRN as a potential anti-neurodegeneration target in dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Yan Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxian Central Hospital, The Affiliated Huxi Hospital of Jining Medical College, Heze, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hummel R, Lang M, Walderbach S, Wang Y, Tegeder I, Gölz C, Schäfer MKE. Single intracerebroventricular progranulin injection adversely affects the blood-brain barrier in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2021; 158:342-357. [PMID: 33899947 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factor with protective effects in animal models of ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Administration of recombinant (r) PGRN prevents exaggerated brain pathology after TBI in Grn-deficient mice, suggesting that local injection of recombinant progranulin (rPGRN) provides therapeutic benefit in the acute phase of TBI. To test this hypothesis, we subjected adult male C57Bl/6N mice to the controlled cortical impact model of TBI, administered a single dose of rPGRN intracerebroventricularly (ICV) shortly before the injury, and examined behavioral and biological effects up to 5 days post injury (dpi). The anti-inflammatory bioactivity of rPGRN was confirmed by its capability to inhibit the inflammation-induced hypertrophy of murine primary microglia and astrocytes in vitro. In C57Bl/6N mice, however, ICV administration of rPGRN failed to attenuate behavioral deficits over the 5-day observation period. (Immuno)histological gene and protein expression analyses at 5 dpi did not reveal a therapeutic benefit in terms of brain injury size, brain inflammation, glia activation, cell numbers in neurogenic niches, and neuronal damage. Instead, we observed a failure of TBI-induced mRNA upregulation of the tight junction protein occludin and increased extravasation of serum immunoglobulin G into the brain parenchyma at 5 dpi. In conclusion, single ICV administration of rPGRN had not the expected protective effects in the acute phase of murine TBI, but appeared to cause an aggravation of blood-brain barrier disruption. The data raise questions about putative PGRN-boosting approaches in other types of brain injuries and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hummel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuel Lang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simona Walderbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Gölz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yun CS, Masaka H, Nishino D, Horaku S, Rahman ANMI, Khandoker MAMY, Yamauchi N. Analysis of novel embryonic factors of cattle and effects on endometrial cells in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 226:106696. [PMID: 33517065 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferon tau (IFNT) is thought to have essential functions in maternal recognition and establishment of pregnancy in ruminants. There, however, is a lack of research on embryonic factors that affect pregnancy other than IFNT. The present study was conducted to determine what are other embryo-derived factors involved in pregnancy recognition and to identify effects on endometrial cells using an in vitro culture system. With use of LC-MS/MS procedures to evaluate the supernatant of elongating embryos of cattle in culture, there was detection of 78 secretary proteins including five cytokines and two growth factors. Then there was analysis for up-regulated genes using ingenuity pathway procedure, IFNT and MIF were identified as upstream regulators of 37 and five genes, respectively. The mRNA transcript of MIF receptors was identified in endometrial cells, however, not in embryos. Among genes induced by MIF, CCL2, IL7 and IL23A transcripts were identified in endometrial cells. When endometrial cells were treated with interferon alpha (IFNA) and MIF, the CCL2 transcript was in a larger abundance of endometrial epithelial and polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells, and there was a larger abundance of there mRNA transcripts as a result of MIF treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, MIF secreted by elongating embryos of cattle synergistically regulates relative abundances of specific mRNA transcripts of endometrial cells when there is treatment with IFNA, indicating further there are several factors other than IFNT that have effects on gene expression in the endometrium during early stages of gestation in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Sun Yun
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hironori Masaka
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daichi Nishino
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shutaro Horaku
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Al-Nur Md Iftekhar Rahman
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagor, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - M A M Yahia Khandoker
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nobuhiko Yamauchi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou X, Kukar T, Rademakers R. Lysosomal Dysfunction and Other Pathomechanisms in FTLD: Evidence from Progranulin Genetics and Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1281:219-242. [PMID: 33433878 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51140-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than a decade since heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) were first identified as an important genetic cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Due to the highly diverse biological functions of the progranulin (PGRN) protein, encoded by GRN, multiple possible disease mechanisms have been proposed. Early work focused on the neurotrophic properties of PGRN and its role in the inflammatory response. However, since the discovery of homozygous GRN mutations in patients with a lysosomal storage disorder, investigation into the possible roles of PGRN and its proteolytic cleavage products granulins, in lysosomal function and dysfunction, has taken center stage. In this chapter, we summarize the GRN mutational spectrum and its associated phenotypes followed by an in-depth discussion on the possible disease mechanisms implicated in FTLD-GRN. We conclude with key outstanding questions which urgently require answers to ensure safe and successful therapy development for GRN mutation carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolai Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp-CDE, Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karimi M, Moazzami M, Rezaeian N. Effects of Eight Weeks of Core Stability Training on Serum level of Progranulin and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Women with Multiple Sclerosis. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.15.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
18
|
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and progranulin as possible regulators of cervical remodeling in pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 143:103241. [PMID: 33157500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and progranulin (PGRN) are secretory proteins with an anti-inflammatory property. Their involvement in cervical remodeling in pregnant uterus is not yet elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to explore the significance of SLPI and PGRN in the maintenance of pregnancy by investigating the factors associated with their expression levels at the cervix. Concentrations of SLPI and PGRN proteins were measured in cervical mucus samples collected from asymptomatic pregnant women at 24-26 weeks of gestation (n = 166). The concentrations of those molecules were analyzed with clinical parameters related to risk for preterm delivery (PD). In pregnant mice, we evaluated the effect of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and progesterone effect modulation on cervical mRNA expression of SLPI and PGRN. The cervical PGRN level was significantly lower in women with short cervix (<35 mm) and with a history of threatened PD. In women with short cervix, cervical SLPI concentrations were positively correlated with inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (R2 = 0.75) and interleukin-8 (R2 = 0.71). In pregnant mice, cervical mRNA expressions of PGRN and SLPI were increased in response to progesterone supplementation and were suppressed by a progesterone antagonist, mifepristone. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation caused remarkable upregulation in cervical SLPI mRNA level but not in PGRN. Progesterone and local inflammation are the factors controlling expression levels of PGRN and SLPI at the cervix. The observed relationship of PGRN and SLPI levels in the cervical mucus with PD-related clinical parameters supports that those anti-inflammatory molecules possibly play a significant role in appropriate regulation of cervical remodeling.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kraemer MDS, Moehlecke M, Rheinheimer J, Canani LH, Leitão CB, Nicoletto BB. Plasma progranulin levels in obese patients before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bariatric surgery: a longitudinal study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:1655-1660. [PMID: 32839122 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery stands out as the most effective long-term intervention for sustainable weight loss and metabolic improvement in patients with severe obesity. Progranulin was recently identified as an adipokine related to obesity and inflammation, revealing a metabolic function and proinflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE To evaluate plasma progranulin levels before and after 6 months of bariatric surgery in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). SETTING Tertiary referral hospital, southern Brazil. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal study, including 23 obese patients who underwent RYGB. Demographic and clinical characteristics, body composition, and resting energy expenditure were evaluated. Plasma progranulin was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in a peripheral blood sample collected before and 6 months after the surgical procedure. RESULTS The participants were mostly women (78.3%), with a mean age of 42.3 ± 10.8 years and baseline body mass index of 48.8 ± 10.4 kg/m2. Regarding the anthropometric parameters, there were differences in the pre- and post-RYGB values, with reduction of weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, and cervical and abdominal circumferences. All laboratory parameters improved, such as lipid profile and fasting glycemia, and resting energy expenditure values decreased significantly. Plasma progranulin levels decreased from 47.6 ± 13.5 ng/mL before RYGB to 40.4 ± 9.9 ng/mL after 6 months of surgery (P = .005). The reduction of progranulin did not correlate with body composition or laboratory data. CONCLUSIONS Plasma progranulin levels significantly reduced 6 months after RYGB, but it could not be explained by changes in anthropometry, body composition, or glycemic or lipid profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Milene Moehlecke
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Jakeline Rheinheimer
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Luis Henrique Canani
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil; Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Bauermann Leitão
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil; Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Bruna Bellincanta Nicoletto
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil; Área do Conhecimento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu B, Chen X, Ding Y, Chen C, Liu T, Zhang H. Abnormal angiogenesis of placenta in progranulin‑deficient mice. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3482-3492. [PMID: 32945448 PMCID: PMC7453605 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted growth factor involved in pleiotropic functions, particularly angiogenesis. A distinctly different placental expression of PGRN has been reported between normal pregnancies and pregnancies with complications, such as pre‑eclampsia or fetal growth restriction. However, the role of PGRN in placental vascular development remains to be elucidated. In the present study, PGRN‑knockout mice (PGRN‑/‑) were used to investigate the role of PGRN in the development of placental blood vessels and placental formation. Placental weights and pup body weights were significantly lower in the PGRN‑/‑ mice compared with the wild‑type mice. Reduced labyrinthine layer areas and aberrant vascularization were also observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining of PGRN‑/‑ mice at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) and E17.5. In addition, the morphological data obtained via immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and western blotting demonstrated decreased expression levels of the blood vessel markers α‑smooth muscle actin and CD31 in PGRN‑/‑ placentas. Furthermore, vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide synthase was reduced in the PGRN‑/‑ placenta. These results indicated that PGRN serves an essential role in the normal angiogenesis of the placental labyrinth in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bairuo Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xingyou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Ding
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Taihang Liu
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sasaki T, Shimazawa M, Kanamori H, Yamada Y, Nishinaka A, Kuse Y, Suzuki G, Masuda T, Nakamura S, Hosokawa M, Minatoguchi S, Hara H. Effects of progranulin on the pathological conditions in experimental myocardial infarction model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11842. [PMID: 32678228 PMCID: PMC7367277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin is a secreted growth factor associated with multiple physiological functions in ischemic pathophysiology. However, it is still not fully understood how progranulin is involved in ischemic lesion and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we investigated the effects of progranulin on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. We investigated progranulin expression using Western blotting and immunostaining after permanent left coronary artery (LCA) occlusion in mice. Infarct size and the number of infiltrating neutrophils were measured 24 h after permanent LCA occlusion. Recombinant mouse progranulin was administered before LCA occlusion. In addition, we evaluated cardiac function using cardiac catheterization and echocardiography, and fibrosis size by Masson's trichrome staining after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits. Recombinant human progranulin was administered immediately after induction of reperfusion. Progranulin expression increased in the myocardial ischemic area 1, 3, and 5 days after permanent LCA occlusion in mice. The administration of recombinant mouse progranulin significantly attenuated infarct size and infiltrating neutrophils 24 h after permanent LCA occlusion in mice. We also found that administration of recombinant human progranulin ameliorated the deterioration of cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits. These findings suggest that progranulin may protect myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sasaki
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamada
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Anri Nishinaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kuse
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Genjiro Suzuki
- Dementia Research Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Masuda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masato Hosokawa
- Dementia Research Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Minatoguchi
- Department of Circulatory and Respiratory Advanced Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Heart Failure Center, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu J, Wang N, Li X, Zheng X, Zhao J, Xia H, Mao Q. Suppression of Progranulin Expression Leads to Formation of Intranuclear TDP-43 Inclusions In Vitro: A Cell Model of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:1124-1129. [PMID: 31626287 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GRN gene coding for progranulin (PGRN) are responsible for many cases of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP). GRN mutations create null alleles resulting in decreased progranulin protein or haploinsufficiency. FTLD-TDP with GRN mutations is characterized by lentiform neuronal intranuclear inclusions that are positive for TDP-43 in affected brain regions. In this study, by stably expressed short hairpin RNA, we established a neuroblastoma cell line with decreased PGRN level. This cell line reveals TDP-43-positive intranuclear inclusions. In addition, replacement with purified PGRN protein restores normal TDP-43 nuclear distribution. This cell model can be valuable for the study of the role of PGRN in the pathogenesis in FTLD-TDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Zhu
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | | | - Xianan Li
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Junli Zhao
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | | | - Qinwen Mao
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mohammadi C, Sameri S, Najafi R. Insight into adipokines to optimize therapeutic effects of stem cell for tissue regeneration. Cytokine 2020; 128:155003. [PMID: 32000014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is considered as a promising regenerative medicine for repairing and treating damaged tissues and/or preventing various diseases. But there are still some obstacles such as low cell migration, poor stem cell engraftment and decreased cell survival that need to be overcome before transplantation. Therefore, a large body of studies has focused on improving the efficiency of stem cell therapy. For instance, preconditioning of stem cells has emerged as an effective strategy to reinforce therapeutic efficacy. Adipokines are signaling molecules, secreted by adipose tissue, which regulate a variety of biological processes in adipose tissue and other organs including the brain, liver, and muscle. In this review article, we shed light on the biological effects of some adipokines including apelin, oncostatin M, omentin-1 and vaspin on stem cell therapy and the most recent preclinical advances in our understanding of how these functions ameliorate stem cell therapy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiman Mohammadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saba Sameri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stubert J, Szewczyk M, Spitschak A, Knoll S, Richter DU, Pützer BM. Adenoviral mediated expression of anti-inflammatory progranulin by placental explants modulates endothelial cell activation by decrease of ICAM-1 expression. Placenta 2019; 90:109-117. [PMID: 32056541 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional disorders of the villous trophoblast may result in preeclampsia through the release of endothelial activating substances. Progranulin is an anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic cytokine with TNF-α antagonizing activity. The trophoblastic expression of progranulin is increased during preeclampsia. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of placental progranulin synthesis on endothelial cell activation. METHODS Placental progranulin expression was modified by transduction of an adenoviral vector. Primary isolated human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with conditioned medium of first trimester placental explants. Functional studies on HUVECs included assays for proliferation, viability, cytotoxicity and analyzes of Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin expression. RESULTS Placental progranulin expression was more than 10-fold higher by using an adenoviral-mediated overexpression system (Ad.PGRN) compared to control vector (Ad.CTRL) and untreated controls. Incubation of HUVECs with conditioned placental medium revealed a dose-dependent increase of cytotoxicity, reduced cell proliferation and viability and resulted in an increase of ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression. Overexpression of progranulin (Ad.PGRN) antagonized the ICAM-1 expression induced by conditioned medium. However progranulin did not influence the effects on cell proliferation, viability, cytotoxicity and E-selectin expression in HUVECs. DISCUSSION Regulation of gene expression in human placental explants is possible by usage of an adenoviral vector system. The increase of endothelial ICAM-1 expression following the incubation with placental conditioned medium was partly reversed by overexpression of placental progranulin. It is suggested that up-regulation of the placental progranulin expression is an endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanism that partially antagonizes the endothelial cell activation during preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Stubert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rostock University Medical Center, Suedring 81, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Marlen Szewczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rostock University Medical Center, Suedring 81, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alf Spitschak
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Susanne Knoll
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dagmar-Ulrike Richter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rostock University Medical Center, Suedring 81, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte M Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany; Department of Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alyahya AM, Al-Masri A, Hersi A, El Eter E, Husain S, Lateef R, Mawlana OH. The Effects of Progranulin in a Rat Model of Acute Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion are Mediated by Activation of the P13K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2019; 25:229-237. [PMID: 31695019 PMCID: PMC6859783 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.916258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progranulin is an adipokine, encoded by the progranulin (GRN) gene. Progranulin is expressed in atherosclerosis, but its effects in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of progranulin in a rat model of acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in vivo. Material/Methods The model of acute MI/R injury was established in male Wistar rats by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 30 minutes and reperfusion for 60 minutes. Before modeling, one group was treated with progranulin (0.03 μg/kg), and one group was treated with the P13K/Akt inhibitor, LY294002 (3 mg/kg). Left ventricular function (LV) was monitored, including the LV systolic pressure (LVSP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and changes in LV pressure. At the end of the study, blood and myocardial tissue were examined. Cardiac biochemical markers, histopathology, gene expression, and apoptosis were analyzed. Results Progranulin improved cardiac function following acute MI/R injury and significantly improved recovery of cardiac contractility and LVSP. Progranulin significantly reduced myocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and tissue edema, and was highly expressed in cardiac tissue following MI/R injury. The cardioprotective effect of progranulin was reduced by blocking the P13K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions In the rat model of acute MI/R injury, progranulin had a protective effect on cardiac function and morphology, associated with activation of the P13K/Akt signaling pathway. The mechanisms of the anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and inotropic effects of progranulin in the setting of acute MI/R injury require further in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Mohammed Alyahya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Cardiovascular Research Group, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Cardiovascular Research Group, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Hersi
- Cardiovascular Research Group, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman El Eter
- Cardiovascular Research Group, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sufia Husain
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahmatunnesa Lateef
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Cardiovascular Research Group, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola H Mawlana
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang C, Wang B, Wang B, Wang Q, Liu G, Fan C, Zhang L. A novel granulin homologue isolated from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata promotes proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through the ERK1/2-signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:212-225. [PMID: 31108149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Jellyfish grow rapidly and have a strong regenerative ability, indicating that they may express high levels of growth factors. Therefore, the aim of this research was to isolate the growth-promoting components from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata (C. capillata) and to further explore the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we first isolated and identified a novel polypeptide from C. capillata tentacles using size-exclusion chromatography followed by reverse-phase HPLC. This peptide, consisting of 58 amino acids (MW 5782.9 Da), belonged to the granulin (GRN) family of growth factors; thus, we named it Cyanea capillata granulin-1 (CcGRN-1). Second, using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, we verified that CcGRN-1 at the 0.5 μg/ml concentration could promote cell proliferation and increase the expression of cell-cycle proteins (CyclinB1 and CyclinD1). Third, signaling pathways studies showed that CcGRN-1 could activate the PI3K/Akt- and ERK1/2 MAPK-signaling pathways but not the JNK MAPK- or NF-κB-signaling pathways. Subsequently, we further confirmed that the CcGRN-1-induced cell proliferation and migration were associated only with the ERK1/2 MAPK-signaling pathway. Considering all of these factors, CcGRN-1, as the first jellyfish-derived GRN homologue, possesses growth-promoting properties and may be a candidate for novel therapeutics to promote human wound healing in unfavorable conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chongxu Fan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Wennan Road No.59, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Medical University, Xiangyin Road No.800, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dasgupta K, Jeong J. Developmental biology of the meninges. Genesis 2019; 57:e23288. [PMID: 30801905 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The meninges are membranous layers surrounding the central nervous system. In the head, the meninges lie between the brain and the skull, and interact closely with both during development. The cranial meninges originate from a mesenchymal sheath on the surface of the developing brain, called primary meninx, and undergo differentiation into three layers with distinct histological characteristics: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. While genetic regulation of meningeal development is still poorly understood, mouse mutants and other models with meningeal defects have demonstrated the importance of the meninges to normal development of the calvaria and the brain. For the calvaria, the interactions with the meninges are necessary for the progression of calvarial osteogenesis during early development. In later stages, the meninges control the patterning of the skull and the fate of the sutures. For the brain, the meninges regulate diverse processes including cell survival, cell migration, generation of neurons from progenitors, and vascularization. Also, the meninges serve as a stem cell niche for the brain in the postnatal life. Given these important roles of the meninges, further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying meningeal development can provide novel insights into the coordinated development of the head.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakali Dasgupta
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York, New York
| | - Juhee Jeong
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kotela A, Wojdasiewicz P, Łęgosz P, Sarzyńska S, Drela K, Pulik Ł, Kaleta B, Kniotek M, Borysowski J, Poniatowski ŁA, Kotela I. Increased serum levels of progranulin (PGRN) in patients with haemophilic arthropathy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 46:373-379. [PMID: 30488982 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilia A and B are rarely occurring X chromosome-linked congenital coagulation disorders dominated by spontaneous joint bleedings and chronic synovitis, leading to development of haemophilic arthropathy (HA). Progranulin (PGRN) is a growth factor with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. PGRN is an important molecule in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatological disorders. This study was aimed at investigating the potential role of PGRN in the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HA. The serum levels of PGRN were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with end-stage knee joint HA (n = 20) and end-stage primary knee joint OA (n = 20) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The clinical and radiological assessment of disease severity was evaluated by the Knee Society Score (KSS) and Kellgren-Lawrence scale. Median PGRN levels in HA patients was 349.1 ng/mL (232.8-415.6 ng/mL) and in OA patients 148.3 ng/mL (112.1-275.3 ng/mL) with statistically significant differences between both groups (P < 0.015). Further analysis revealed no correlation between PGRN levels and any of the patient demographics and clinical parameters. This study demonstrates increased PGRN serum levels in patients with HA and provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HA indicating a new potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kotela
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojdasiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Rehabilitation, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Łęgosz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sarzyńska
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Drela
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pulik
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kaleta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Tadeusz Orłowski Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kniotek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Tadeusz Orłowski Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Borysowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Tadeusz Orłowski Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz A Poniatowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kotela
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Rehabilitation in Disease of the Locomotor System, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hyung S, Im SK, Lee BY, Shin J, Park JC, Lee C, Suh JKF, Hur EM. Dedifferentiated Schwann cells secrete progranulin that enhances the survival and axon growth of motor neurons. Glia 2018; 67:360-375. [PMID: 30444070 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs), the primary glia in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), display remarkable plasticity in that fully mature SCs undergo dedifferentiation and convert to repair SCs upon nerve injury. Dedifferentiated SCs provide essential support for PNS regeneration by producing signals that enhance the survival and axon regrowth of damaged neurons, but the identities of neurotrophic factors remain incompletely understood. Here we show that SCs express and secrete progranulin (PGRN), depending on the differentiation status of SCs. PGRN expression and secretion markedly increased as primary SCs underwent dedifferentiation, while PGRN secretion was prevented by administration of cAMP, which induced SC differentiation. We also found that sciatic nerve injury, a physiological trigger of SC dedifferentiation, induced PGRN expression in SCs in vivo. These results suggest that dedifferentiated SCs express and secrete PGRN that functions as a paracrine factor to support the survival and axon growth of neighboring neurons after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hyung
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Im
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Yoon Lee
- Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, KIST, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihye Shin
- Center for Theragnosis, KIST, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Park
- Department of Medical Engineering and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Theragnosis, KIST, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Kyo Francis Suh
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Hur
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Circulating PGRN Levels Are Increased but Not Associated with Insulin Sensitivity or β-Cell Function in Chinese Obese Children. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:3729402. [PMID: 30151059 PMCID: PMC6087587 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3729402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN), a novel peptide that has recently emerged as an important regulatory adipokine, is relevant to energy homeostasis and obesity in animals and adult humans. Little is known about its roles in children. The aim of the current study was to determine the potential role of PGRN and explore its relationship to various obesity-related markers in obese children. This was a cross-sectional study composed of 77 children (43 obese and 34 healthy, age 8.68 ± 0.28 and 8.46 ± 0.45 years, resp.). The PGRN levels were significantly higher in obese children (102.44 ± 4.18 ng/mL) comparing to controls (69.32 ± 5.49 ng/mL) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the PGRN levels were positively correlated with triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), IL-6, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in obese children after adjusted for BMI and age. However, there was no correlation of serum PGRN levels with OGTT-derived dynamic parameters, HOMA-IR, or HOMA-β in obese children. The results suggest that serum PGRN levels are significantly higher in obese children in China and correlate significantly with obesity-related markers. Increased PGRN levels may be involved in the pathological mechanism of childhood obesity.
Collapse
|
31
|
Vahdat S. The complex effects of adipokines in the patients with kidney disease. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:60. [PMID: 30181742 PMCID: PMC6091131 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1115_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are categorized as the highest prevalent ones with worldwide noticeable incidence. They cause accelerated cardiovascular diseases and noticeable mortalities. Adipose tissue and its messengers, adipokines, are reported to have the highest relationship with end-stage renal diseases or chronic kidney diseases. Over recent years, with shifting of scientists’ mindset from a simple overview of adipose tissue as a fat store to the complex paradigm of this issue as a multipotential secretory organ, the importance of studies on this tissue has emerged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Vahdat
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zanardini R, Benussi L, Fostinelli S, Saraceno C, Ciani M, Borroni B, Padovani A, Binetti G, Ghidoni R. Serum C-Peptide, Visfatin, Resistin, and Ghrelin are Altered in Sporadic and GRN-Associated Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:1053-1060. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zanardini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Fostinelli
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Saraceno
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Miriam Ciani
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- MAC Memory Center, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Methods to Investigate the Roles of Progranulin in Angiogenesis Using In Vitro Strategies and Transgenic Mouse Models. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1806:329-360. [PMID: 29956286 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8559-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells activate the expression of progranulin during angiogenesis. Here we discuss methods to investigate progranulin activity on endothelial cells in vitro and on aortic explants. We then discuss methods to generate transgenic mice in which progranulin expression is targeted to endothelial cells. These mice can be used to study the influence of progranulin on angiogenesis during development in vivo. The transgenic strategy summarized here could be readily adapted to investigate the roles of progranulin in other cell types and tissues by use of appropriate targeting vectors to drive the expression of progranulin in the cell type of choice.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chitramuthu BP, Bennett HPJ, Bateman A. Progranulin: a new avenue towards the understanding and treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Brain 2017; 140:3081-3104. [PMID: 29053785 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin, a secreted glycoprotein, is encoded in humans by the single GRN gene. Progranulin consists of seven and a half, tandemly repeated, non-identical copies of the 12 cysteine granulin motif. Many cellular processes and diseases are associated with this unique pleiotropic factor that include, but are not limited to, embryogenesis, tumorigenesis, inflammation, wound repair, neurodegeneration and lysosome function. Haploinsufficiency caused by autosomal dominant mutations within the GRN gene leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration, a progressive neuronal atrophy that presents in patients as frontotemporal dementia. Frontotemporal dementia is an early onset form of dementia, distinct from Alzheimer's disease. The GRN-related form of frontotemporal lobar dementia is a proteinopathy characterized by the appearance of neuronal inclusions containing ubiquitinated and fragmented TDP-43 (encoded by TARDBP). The neurotrophic and neuro-immunomodulatory properties of progranulin have recently been reported but are still not well understood. Gene delivery of GRN in experimental models of Alzheimer's- and Parkinson's-like diseases inhibits phenotype progression. Here we review what is currently known concerning the molecular function and mechanism of action of progranulin in normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions in both in vitro and in vivo models. The potential therapeutic applications of progranulin in treating neurodegenerative diseases are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babykumari P Chitramuthu
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Centre for Translational Biology, Platform in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
| | - Hugh P J Bennett
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Centre for Translational Biology, Platform in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Centre for Translational Biology, Platform in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R. Loss of Neuroprotective Factors in Neurodegenerative Dementias: The End or the Starting Point? Front Neurosci 2017; 11:672. [PMID: 29249935 PMCID: PMC5717017 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical, genetic and biochemical experimental evidences highlight the existence of common molecular pathways underlying neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will explore a key common pathological mechanism, i.e., the loss of neuroprotective factors, across the three major neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). We will report evidences that the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), the most investigated and characterized brain neurotrophin, progranulin, a multi-functional adipokine with trophic and growth factor properties, and cystatin C, a neuroprotective growth factor, are reduced in AD, FTD, and LBD. Moreover, we will review the molecular mechanism underlying the loss of neuroprotective factors in neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia, with a special focus on endo-lysosomal pathway and intercellular communication mediated by extracellular vesicles. Exploring the shared commonality of disease mechanisms is of pivotal importance to identify novel potential therapeutic targets and to develop treatments to delay, slow or block disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,MAC Memory Center, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alissa EM, Sutaih RH, Kamfar HZ, Alagha AE, Marzouki ZM. Serum progranulin levels in relation to insulin resistance in childhood obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:1251-1256. [PMID: 29176029 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progranulin is an adipokine that is involved in the inflammatory response, glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and may therefore be involved in chronic subclinical inflammation associated with the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. We aimed to investigate the association of circulating progranulin levels with metabolic parameters in children and to assess the importance of progranulin as a biomarker for metabolic diseases. METHODS A total of 150 children were consecutively recruited from the Pediatric Nutrition Clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Children were classified into four groups based on quartile for serum progranulin. Anthropometric variables were measured in all study subjects. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile. RESULTS Children within the upper quartile for serum progranulin concentration were heavier, more insulin resistant and had higher concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and high sensitivity C reactive protein compared to those in the lower quartile. On correlation analysis, serum progranulin concentrations were significantly related to general and central adiposity, metabolic parameters, markers of inflammation and insulin resistance. Stepwise multiple regression showed that 26.6% of the variability in serum progranulin could be explained by measures of adiposity. CONCLUSIONS The increased serum progranulin concentrations were closely related to measures of adiposity, metabolic parameters, inflammatory marker and insulin resistance indices, suggesting that progranulin may be an excellent biomarker for obesity in childhood.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hosokawa M, Tanaka Y, Arai T, Kondo H, Akiyama H, Hasegawa M. Progranulin haploinsufficiency reduces amyloid beta deposition in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Exp Anim 2017; 67:63-70. [PMID: 28845019 PMCID: PMC5814315 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulin (Grn) mutations were identified in familial frontotemporal
lobar degeneration (FTLD) patients with TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kd (TDP-43)
pathology. Grn transcript haploinsufficiency is proposed as a disease
mechanism that leads to the loss of functional progranulin (PGRN) protein. Thus, these
mutations are strongly involved in FTLD pathogenesis. Moreover, recent findings indicate
that Grn mutations are associated with other neurodegenerative disorders
with tau pathology, including Alzheimer’s disease. To investigate the influence of PGRN on
amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice were
interbred with Grn-deficient mice, producing APP transgenic mice
harboring the Grn hemizygote (APP/Grn+/−).
Brains were collected from 16–18-month-old APP and APP/Grn+/−
mice and sequential extraction of proteins, immunoblotting and immunohistochemical
analysis were performed. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the number and area of
Aβ plaque was significantly decreased in APP/Grn+/− mice as
compared to APP mice. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that Aβ was reduced in the
sarkosyl-insoluble fraction of 16–18-month-old APP/Grn+/− mice
as compared with that of APP transgenic mice. Our data suggest that PGRN
haploinsufficiency may decrease accumulation of Aβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hosokawa
- Dementia research project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanaka
- Dementia research project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Dementia research project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576 Japan
| | - Hiromi Kondo
- Histology center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Dementia research project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia research project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yip CW, Lam CY, Poon TCW, Cheung TT, Cheung PFY, Fung SW, Wang XQ, Leung ICY, Ng LWC, Lo CM, Tsao GSW, Cheung ST. Granulin-epithelin precursor interacts with 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:409. [PMID: 28601093 PMCID: PMC5466756 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP) is a secretory growth factor, which has been demonstrated to control cancer growth, invasion, drug resistance and immune escape. Our previous studies and others also demonstrated its potential in targeted therapy. Comprehensive characterization of GEP partner on cancer cells are warranted. We have previously shown that GEP interacted with heparan sulfate on the surface of liver cancer cells and the interaction is crucial for GEP-mediated signaling transduction. This study aims to characterize GEP protein partner at the cell membrane with the co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry approach. Methods The membrane fraction from liver cancer model Hep3B was used for capturing binding partner with the specific monoclonal antibody against GEP. The precipitated proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry. After identifying the GEP binding partner, this specific interaction was validated in additional liver cancer cell line HepG2 by co-immunoprecipitation using GRP78 and GEP antibodies, respectively, as the bait. GRP78 transcript levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical samples (n = 77 pairs) were examined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. GEP and GRP78 protein expressions were investigated by immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections. Results We identified the GEP-binding protein as 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78, also named heat shock 70-kDa protein 5, HSPA5). This interaction was validated in independent HCC cell lines. Increased GRP78 mRNA levels were demonstrated in liver cancer tissues compared with the paralleled liver tissues (t-test, P = 0.002). GRP78 and GEP transcript levels were significantly correlated (Spearman’s correlation, P = 0.001), and the proteins were also detectable in the cytoplasm of liver cancer cells by immunohistochemical staining. Conclusions GRP78 and GEP are interacting protein partners in liver cancer cells and may play a role in GEP-mediated cancer progression in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wai Yip
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching Yan Lam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Health, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Phyllis F Y Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze Wai Fung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Qi Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Idy C Y Leung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linda W C Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Mau Lo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George S W Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Tim Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Progranulin deficiency causes the retinal ganglion cell loss during development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1679. [PMID: 28490764 PMCID: PMC5431873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are glial cells that support and protect neurons in the central nervous systems including the retina. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are in contact with the astrocytes and our earlier findings showed the reduction of the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer in adult progranulin deficient mice. In the present study, we focused on the time of activation of the astrocytes and the alterations in the number of RGCs in the retina and optic nerve in progranulin deficient mice. Our findings showed that the number of Brn3a-positive cells was reduced and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was increased in progranulin deficient mice. The progranulin deficient mice had a high expression of GFAP on postnatal day 9 (P9) but not on postnatal day 1. These mice also had a decrease in the number of the Brn3a-positive cells on P9. Taken together, these findings indicate that the absence of progranulin can affect the survival of RGCs subsequent the activation of astrocytes during retinal development.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hosokawa M, Kondo H, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Robinson AC, Mann DM, Akiyama H, Hasegawa M, Arai T. Accumulation of multiple neurodegenerative disease-related proteins in familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with granulin mutation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1513. [PMID: 28473694 PMCID: PMC5431430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2006, mutations in the granulin gene were identified in patients with familial Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. Granulin transcript haploinsufficiency has been proposed as a disease mechanism that leads to the loss of functional progranulin protein. Granulin mutations were initially found in tau-negative patients, though recent findings indicate that these mutations are associated with other neurodegenerative disorders with tau pathology, including Alzheimer's disease and corticobasal degeneration. Moreover, a reduction in progranulin in tau transgenic mice is associated with increasing tau accumulation. To investigate the influence of a decline in progranulin protein on other forms of neurodegenerative-related protein accumulation, human granulin mutation cases were investigated by histochemical and biochemical analyses. Results showed a neuronal and glial tau accumulation in granulin mutation cases. Tau staining revealed neuronal pretangle forms and glial tau in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, phosphorylated α-synuclein-positive structures were also found in oligodendrocytes and the neuropil. Immunoblot analysis of fresh frozen brain tissues revealed that tau was present in the sarkosyl-insoluble fraction, and composed of three- and four-repeat tau isoforms, resembling Alzheimer's disease. Our data suggest that progranulin reduction might be the cause of multiple proteinopathies due to the accelerating accumulation of abnormal proteins including TDP-43 proteinopathy, tauopathy and α-synucleinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hosokawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Kondo
- Histology Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 West Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 West Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford Royal Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - David M Mann
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford Royal Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Microglial NFκB-TNFα hyperactivation induces obsessive-compulsive behavior in mouse models of progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5029-5034. [PMID: 28438992 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700477114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common dementia before 65 years of age. Haploinsufficiency in the progranulin (GRN) gene accounts for 10% of all cases of familial FTD. GRN mutation carriers have an increased risk of autoimmune disorders, accompanied by elevated levels of tissue necrosis factor (TNF) α. We examined behavioral alterations related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the role of TNFα and related signaling pathways in FTD patients with GRN mutations and in mice lacking progranulin (PGRN). We found that patients and mice with GRN mutations displayed OCD and self-grooming (an OCD-like behavior in mice), respectively. Furthermore, medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens, an area implicated in development of OCD, display hyperexcitability in PGRN knockout mice. Reducing levels of TNFα in PGRN knockout mice abolished excessive self-grooming and the associated hyperexcitability of medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens. In the brain, PGRN is highly expressed in microglia, which are a major source of TNFα. We therefore deleted PGRN specifically in microglia and found that it was sufficient to induce excessive grooming. Importantly, excessive grooming in these mice was prevented by inactivating nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in microglia/myeloid cells. Our findings suggest that PGRN deficiency leads to excessive NF-κB activation in microglia and elevated TNFα signaling, which in turn lead to hyperexcitability of medium spiny neurons and OCD-like behavior.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The discovery that heterozygous and homozygous mutations in the gene encoding progranulin are causally linked to frontotemporal dementia and lysosomal storage disease, respectively, reveals previously unrecognized roles of the progranulin protein in regulating lysosome biogenesis and function. Given the importance of lysosomes in cellular homeostasis, it is not surprising that progranulin deficiency has pleiotropic effects on neural circuit development and maintenance, stress response, innate immunity and ageing. This Progress article reviews recent advances in progranulin biology emphasizing its roles in lysosomal function and brain innate immunity, and outlines future avenues of investigation that may lead to new therapeutic approaches for neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kimura A, Takemura M, Saito K, Serrero G, Yoshikura N, Hayashi Y, Inuzuka T. Increased cerebrospinal fluid progranulin correlates with interleukin-6 in the acute phase of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 305:175-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
44
|
Progranulin and Its Related MicroRNAs after Status Epilepticus: Possible Mechanisms of Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030490. [PMID: 28245590 PMCID: PMC5372506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current knowledge about neuroprotective mechanisms in humans after status epilepticus is scarce. One reason is the difficulty to measure possible mediators of these neuroprotective mechanisms. The dawn of microRNA detection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the recent advancements in measuring proteins in the CSF such as progranulin, which is, e.g., responsible for neurite outgrowth and limiting exceeding neuroinflammatory responses, have given us new insights into putative neuroprotective mechanisms following status epilepticus. This should complement the animal data. In this review, we cover what is known about the role of progranulin as well as the links between microRNA changes and the progranulin pathway following status epilepticus in humans and animals hypothesizing neuroprotective and neurorehabilitative effects. Progranulin has also been found to feature prominently in the neuroprotective processes under hypoxic conditions and initiating neurorehabilitative processes. These properties may be used therapeutically, e.g., through drugs that raise the progranulin levels and therefore the cerebral progranulin levels as well with the goal of improving the outcome after status epilepticus.
Collapse
|
45
|
Progranulin Inhibits Human T Lymphocyte Proliferation by Inducing the Formation of Regulatory T Lymphocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7682083. [PMID: 28194047 PMCID: PMC5282443 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7682083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the effect of progranulin (PGRN) on human T cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism. We show that PGRN inhibits the PHA-induced multiplication of T lymphocytes. It increases the number of iTregs when T lymphocytes are activated by PHA but does not do so in the absence of PHA. PGRN-mediated inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation, as well as the induction of iTregs, was completely reversed by a TGF-β inhibitor or a Treg inhibitor. PGRN induced TGF-β secretion in the presence of PHA whereas it did not in the absence of PHA. Our findings indicate that PGRN suppresses T lymphocyte proliferation by enhancing the formation of iTregs from activated T lymphocytes in response to TGF-β.
Collapse
|
46
|
Shafaei A, Marjani A, Khoshnia M. Serum Progranulin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2016; 54:211-216. [DOI: 10.1515/rjim-2016-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction. The role of progranulin in individuals with metabolic syndrome is not exactly clear.We aimed to assess the serum level of progranulin in type 2 diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome and compare them with healthy controls.
Methods. The study included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy individuals as control groups. Biochemical parameters and progranulin levels were determined.
Results. Subjects with metabolic syndrome showed significantly higher levels of triglyceride, waist circumference, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure than subjects without metabolic syndrome and the control groups, while HDL-cholesterol level was significantly lower in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Fasting blood sugar was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in the control groups. Serum level of progranulin was slightly increased in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Serum progranulin level had no significant relationship with metabolic syndrome components.
Conclusions. Serum progranulin was also not dependent on cardiometabolic risk factors for subjects with metabolic syndrome, but it could be considered for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies are recommended to explain the effect of progranulin on the pathogenesis of metabolic risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Shafaei
- Student Research Committee, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Abdoljalal Marjani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nicoletto BB, Krolikowski TC, Crispim D, Canani LH. Serum and Urinary Progranulin in Diabetic Kidney Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165177. [PMID: 27776152 PMCID: PMC5077076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progranulin has been recognized as an adipokine related to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There are scarce data regarding progranulin and kidney disease, but there are some data linking diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and increased progranulin levels. We aimed to better describe the relationship between serum and urinary progranulin levels and DKD in T2DM. This is a case-control study including four groups of subjects: 1) Advanced DKD cases: T2DM patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2; 2) Albuminuric DKD cases: T2DM patients with urinary albumin excretion (UAE) ≥30 mg/g creatinine and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73m2; 3) Diabetic controls: T2DM patients with UAE <30 mg/g creatinine and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73m2; and 4) Non-diabetic controls: individuals without T2DM. Progranulin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One hundred and fourteen patients were included (23 advanced DKD cases, 25 albuminuric DKD cases, 40 diabetic controls and 26 non-diabetic controls). Serum progranulin was increased in advanced DKD compared to other groups [70.84 (59.04–83.16) vs. albuminuric cases 57.16 (42.24–67.38), diabetic controls 57.28 (42.08–70.47) and non-diabetic controls 44.54 (41.44–53.32) ng/mL; p<0.001]. Urinary progranulin was decreased in advanced DKD cases compared to albuminuric cases [10.62 (6.30–16.08) vs. 20.94 (12.35–30.22); diabetic controls 14.06 (9.88–20.82) and non-diabetic controls 13.51 (7.94–24.36) ng/mL; p = 0.017]. There was a positive correlation between serum progranulin and body mass index (r = 0.27; p = 0.004), waist circumference (r = 0.25; p = 0.007); body fat percentage (r = 0.20; p = 0.042), high-sensitive C reactive protein (r = 0.35; p<0.001) and interleukin-6 (r = 0.37; p<0.001) and a negative correlation with eGFR (r = -0.22; p = 0.023). Urinary progranulin was positively associated with albuminuria (r = 0.25; p = 0.010). In conclusion, progranulin is affected by a decrease in eGFR, being at a higher concentration in serum and lower in urine of DKD patients with T2DM and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2. It is also associated with markers of obesity and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bellincanta Nicoletto
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Thaiana Cirino Krolikowski
- Nutrition Course, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Canani
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yan W, Ding A, Kim HJ, Zheng H, Wei F, Ma X. Progranulin Controls Sepsis via C/EBPα-Regulated Il10 Transcription and Ubiquitin Ligase/Proteasome-Mediated Protein Degradation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3393-3405. [PMID: 27619993 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a widely expressed, pleiotropic protein that is involved in diverse biological processes, including cellular proliferation, neuron development, and wound healing. However, the role of PGRN in the regulation of pathogen-induced systemic inflammation and the mechanisms involved have not been established. In this study, we show that PGRN-deficient mice display heightened mortality in models of polymicrobial sepsis and endotoxinemia, with increased tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines and reduced IL-10 production. Conversely, administration of rPGRN decreases the susceptibility of PGRN-deficient mice to LPS-induced endotoxemic shock and augments IL-10 production by LPS-activated macrophages in a TNFR-dependent manner. Molecular analysis reveals a direct role of the transcription factor C/EBPα in PGRN-regulated IL-10 expression. C/EBPα-deficient macrophages produce less IL-10 in response to LPS. Furthermore, mice deficient in C/EBPα in hematopoietic cells are highly vulnerable to LPS-induced septic shock. Lastly, the defective IL-10 production by PGRN-deficient cells is primarily due to reduced C/EBPα protein stability via the E3 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E6AP and proteasome-mediated degradation. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that PGRN is a nonredundant regulator of systemic inflammation via modulating the levels and activity of C/EBPα, IL-10, and the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolysis pathway. The results bear strong and profound implications for PGRN insufficiency and its mutation-associated systemic and organ-specific inflammatory human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aihao Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nicholson AM, Finch NA, Almeida M, Perkerson RB, van Blitterswijk M, Wojtas A, Cenik B, Rotondo S, Inskeep V, Almasy L, Dyer T, Peralta J, Jun G, Wood AR, Frayling TM, Fuchsberger C, Fowler S, Teslovich TM, Manning AK, Kumar S, Curran J, Lehman D, Abecasis G, Duggirala R, Pottier C, Zahir HA, Crook JE, Karydas A, Mitic L, Sun Y, Dickson DW, Bu G, Herz J, Yu G, Miller BL, Ferguson S, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford N, Blangero J, Rademakers R. Prosaposin is a regulator of progranulin levels and oligomerization. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11992. [PMID: 27356620 PMCID: PMC4931318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (GRN) loss-of-function mutations leading to progranulin protein (PGRN) haploinsufficiency are prevalent genetic causes of frontotemporal dementia. Reports also indicated PGRN-mediated neuroprotection in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease; thus, increasing PGRN levels is a promising therapeutic for multiple disorders. To uncover novel PGRN regulators, we linked whole-genome sequence data from 920 individuals with plasma PGRN levels and identified the prosaposin (PSAP) locus as a new locus significantly associated with plasma PGRN levels. Here we show that both PSAP reduction and overexpression lead to significantly elevated extracellular PGRN levels. Intriguingly, PSAP knockdown increases PGRN monomers, whereas PSAP overexpression increases PGRN oligomers, partly through a protein–protein interaction. PSAP-induced changes in PGRN levels and oligomerization replicate in human-derived fibroblasts obtained from a GRN mutation carrier, further supporting PSAP as a potential PGRN-related therapeutic target. Future studies should focus on addressing the relevance and cellular mechanism by which PGRN oligomeric species provide neuroprotection. Increasing progranulin (PGRN) levels is a promising approach for treating frontotemporal dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here Nicholson et al. show that the prosaposin (PSAP) locus is associated with plasma PGRN levels and demonstrate that PSAP can alter PGRN levels and its oligomerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - NiCole A Finch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Marcio Almeida
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Ralph B Perkerson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | | | - Aleksandra Wojtas
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Basar Cenik
- Department of Neuroscience, Molecular Genetics, and Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Sergio Rotondo
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Venette Inskeep
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Thomas Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Juan Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Goo Jun
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sharon Fowler
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Tanya M Teslovich
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Joanne Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Donna Lehman
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology and Cellular &Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Cyril Pottier
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Haaris A Zahir
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Julia E Crook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Laura Mitic
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Shawn Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | | | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yi T, Qi L, Li J, Le JJ, Shao L, Du X, Dong JC. Moxibustion upregulates hippocampal progranulin expression. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:610-6. [PMID: 27212922 PMCID: PMC4870918 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.180746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, moxibustion is reported to be useful and has few side effects for chronic fatigue syndrome, but its mechanisms are largely unknown. More recently, the focus has been on the wealth of information supporting stress as a factor in chronic fatigue syndrome, and largely concerns dysregulation in the stress-related hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of moxibustion on behavioral symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome rats and examine possible mechanisms. Rats were subjected to a combination of chronic restraint stress and forced swimming to induce chronic fatigue syndrome. The acupoints Guanyuan (CV4) and Zusanli (ST36, bilateral) were simultaneously administered moxibustion. Untreated chronic fatigue syndrome rats and normal rats were used as controls. Results from the forced swimming test, open field test, tail suspension test, real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot assay showed that moxibustion treatment decreased mRNA expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus, and adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels in plasma, and markedly increased progranulin mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that moxibustion may relieve the behavioral symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome, at least in part, by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and upregulating hippocampal progranulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qi
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Le
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|