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Li T, Jin M, Wang H, Zhang W, Yuan Z, Wei C. Whole-Genome Scanning for Selection Signatures Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Growth and Tail Length in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:687. [PMID: 38473071 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to Chinese indigenous sheep, Western sheep have rapid growth rate, larger physique, and higher meat yield. These excellent Western sheep were introduced into China for crossbreeding to expedite the enhancement of production performance and mutton quality in local breeds. Here, we investigated population genetic structure and genome-wide selection signatures among the Chinese indigenous sheep and the introduced sheep based on whole-genome resequencing data. The PCA, N-J tree and ADMIXTURE results showed significant genetic difference between Chinese indigenous sheep and introduced sheep. The nucleotide diversity (π) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay results indicated that the genomic diversity of introduced breeds were lower. Then, Fst & π ratio, XP-EHH, and de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS) methods were used to detect the selection signals. The results showed that we identified important candidate genes related to growth rate and body size in the introduced breeds. Selected genes with stronger selection signatures are associated with growth rate (CRADD), embryonic development (BVES, LIN28B, and WNT11), body size (HMGA2, MSRB3, and PTCH1), muscle development and fat metabolism (MSTN, PDE3A, LGALS12, GGPS1, and SAR1B), wool color (ASIP), and hair development (KRT71, KRT74, and IRF2BP2). Thus, these genes have the potential to serve as candidate genes for enhancing the growth traits of Chinese indigenous sheep. We also identified tail-length trait-related candidate genes (HOXB13, LIN28A, PAX3, and VEGFA) in Chinese long-tailed breeds. Among these genes, HOXB13 is the main candidate gene for sheep tail length phenotype. LIN28A, PAX3, and VEGFA are related to embryonic development and angiogenesis, so these genes may be candidate genes for sheep tail type traits. This study will serve as a foundation for further genetic improvement of Chinese indigenous sheep and as a reference for studies related to growth and development of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Caihong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Li H, Wang P, Zhang C, Zuo Y, Zhou Y, Han R. Defective BVES-mediated feedback control of cAMP in muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1785. [PMID: 36997581 PMCID: PMC10063672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological processes incorporate feedback mechanisms to enable positive and/or negative regulation. cAMP is an important second messenger involved in many aspects of muscle biology. However, the feedback mechanisms for the cAMP signaling control in skeletal muscle are largely unknown. Here we show that blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) is a negative regulator of adenylyl cyclase 9 (ADCY9)-mediated cAMP signaling involved in maintaining muscle mass and function. BVES deletion in mice reduces muscle mass and impairs muscle performance, whereas virally delivered BVES expressed in Bves-deficient skeletal muscle reverses these defects. BVES interacts with and negatively regulates ADCY9's activity. Disruption of BVES-mediated control of cAMP signaling leads to an increased protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade, thereby promoting FoxO-mediated ubiquitin proteasome degradation and autophagy initiation. Our study reveals that BVES functions as a negative feedback regulator of ADCY9-cAMP signaling in skeletal muscle, playing an important role in maintaining muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuanbojiao Zuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Renzhi Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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3
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Gangfuß A, Hentschel A, Heil L, Gonzalez M, Schönecker A, Depienne C, Nishimura A, Zengeler D, Kohlschmidt N, Sickmann A, Schara-Schmidt U, Fürst DO, van der Ven PFM, Hahn A, Roos A, Schänzer A. Proteomic and morphological insights and clinical presentation of two young patients with novel mutations of BVES (POPDC1). Mol Genet Metab 2022; 136:226-237. [PMID: 35660068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Popeye domain containing protein 1 (POPDC1) is a highly conserved transmembrane protein essential for striated muscle function and homeostasis. Pathogenic variants in the gene encoding POPDC1 (BVES, Blood vessel epicardial substance) are causative for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMDR25), associated with cardiac arrhythmia. We report on four affected children (age 7-19 years) from two consanguineous families with two novel pathogenic variants in BVES c.457C>T(p.Q153X) and c.578T>G (p.I193S). Detailed analyses were performed on muscle biopsies from an affected patient of each family including immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and proteomic profiling. Cardiac abnormalities were present in all patients and serum creatine kinase (CK) values were variably elevated despite lack of overt muscle weakness. Detailed histological analysis of skeletal muscle, however indicated a myopathy with reduced sarcolemmal expression of POPDC1 accompanied by altered sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmatic dysferlin and Xin/XIRP1 abundance. At the electron microscopic level, the muscle fiber membrane was focally disrupted. The proteomic signature showed statistically significant dysregulation of 191 proteins of which 173 were increased and 18 were decreased. Gene ontology-term analysis of affected biological processes revealed - among others - perturbation of muscle fibril assembly, myofilament sliding, and contraction as well as transition between fast and slow fibers. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the phenotype of LGMDR25 is highly variable and also includes younger children with conduction abnormalities, no apparent muscular problems, and only mildly elevated CK values. Biochemical studies suggest that BVES mutations causing loss of functional POPDC1 can impede striated muscle function by several mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gangfuß
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lorena Heil
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Schönecker
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Nishimura
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diana Zengeler
- Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics (CeGaT) GmbH, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Child Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Li H, Xu L, Gao Y, Zuo Y, Yang Z, Zhao L, Chen Z, Guo S, Han R. BVES is a novel interactor of ANO5 and regulates myoblast differentiation. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:222. [PMID: 34963485 PMCID: PMC8715634 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoctamin 5 (ANO5) is a membrane protein belonging to the TMEM16/Anoctamin family and its deficiency leads to the development of limb girdle muscular dystrophy R12 (LGMDR12). However, little has been known about the interactome of ANO5 and its cellular functions. RESULTS In this study, we exploited a proximal labeling approach to identify the interacting proteins of ANO5 in C2C12 myoblasts stably expressing ANO5 tagged with BioID2. Mass spectrometry identified 41 unique proteins including BVES and POPDC3 specifically from ANO5-BioID2 samples, but not from BioID2 fused with ANO6 or MG53. The interaction between ANO5 and BVES was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and the N-terminus of ANO5 mediated the interaction with the C-terminus of BVES. ANO5 and BVES were co-localized in muscle cells and enriched at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Genome editing-mediated ANO5 or BVES disruption significantly suppressed C2C12 myoblast differentiation with little impact on proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that BVES is a novel interacting protein of ANO5, involved in regulation of muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yandi Gao
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuanbojiao Zuo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Renzhi Han
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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The Transition from Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia to Gastric Cancer Involves POPDC1 and POPDC3 Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105359. [PMID: 34069715 PMCID: PMC8160799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is an intermediate step in the progression from premalignant to malignant stages of gastric cancer (GC). The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) gene family encodes three transmembrane proteins, POPDC1, POPDC2, and POPDC3, initially described in muscles and later in epithelial and other cells, where they function in cell–cell interaction, and cell migration. POPDC1 and POPDC3 downregulation was described in several tumors, including colon and gastric cancers. We questioned whether IM-to-GC transition involves POPDC gene dysregulation. Gastric endoscopic biopsies of normal, IM, and GC patients were examined for expression levels of POPDC1-3 and several suggested IM biomarkers, using immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Immunostaining indicated lower POPDC1 and POPDC3 labeling in IM compared with normal tissues. Significantly lower POPDC1 and POPDC3 mRNA levels were measured in IM and GC biopsies and in GC-derived cell lines. The reduction in focal IM was smaller than in extensive IM that resembled GC tissues. POPDC1 and POPDC3 transcript levels were highly correlated with each other and inversely correlated with LGR5, OLFM4, CDX2, and several mucin transcripts. The association of POPDC1 and POPDC3 downregulation with IM-to-GC transition implicates a role in tumor suppression and highlights them as potential biomarkers for GC progression and prospective treatment targets.
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6
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The Role of the Popeye Domain Containing Gene Family in Organ Homeostasis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121594. [PMID: 31817925 PMCID: PMC6952887 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) gene family consists of POPDC1 (also known as BVES), POPDC2 and POPDC3 and encodes a novel class of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) effector proteins. Despite first reports of their isolation and initial characterization at the protein level dating back 20 years, only recently major advances in defining their biological functions and disease association have been made. Loss-of-function experiments in mice and zebrafish established an important role in skeletal muscle regeneration, heart rhythm control and stress signaling. Patients suffering from muscular dystrophy and atrioventricular block were found to carry missense and nonsense mutations in either of the three POPDC genes, which suggests an important function in the control of striated muscle homeostasis. However, POPDC genes are also expressed in a number of epithelial cells and function as tumor suppressor genes involved in the control of epithelial structure, tight junction formation and signaling. Suppression of POPDC genes enhances tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis in a variety of human cancers, thus promoting a malignant phenotype. Moreover, downregulation of POPDC1 and POPDC3 expression in different cancer types has been associated with poor prognosis. However, high POPDC3 expression has also been correlated to poor clinical prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting that POPDC3 potentially plays different roles in the progression of different types of cancer. Interestingly, a gain of POPDC1 function in tumor cells inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion thereby reducing malignancy. Furthermore, POPDC proteins have been implicated in the control of cell cycle genes and epidermal growth factor and Wnt signaling. Work in tumor cell lines suggest that cyclic nucleotide binding may also be important in epithelial cells. Thus, POPDC proteins have a prominent role in tissue homeostasis and cellular signaling in both epithelia and striated muscle.
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Thompson JJ, Short SP, Parang B, Brown RE, Li C, Ng VH, Saito-Diaz K, Choksi YA, Washington MK, Smith JJ, Fingleton B, Brand T, Lee E, Coffey RJ, Williams CS. Blood vessel epicardial substance reduces LRP6 receptor and cytoplasmic β-catenin levels to modulate Wnt signaling and intestinal homeostasis. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1086-1098. [PMID: 30689807 PMCID: PMC8067673 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES, otherwise known as POPDC1) is an integral membrane protein known to regulate tight junction formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BVES is underexpressed in a number of malignancies, including colorectal cancer. BVES loss leads to activation of the Wnt pathway, suggesting that decreased BVES expression functionally contributes to tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which BVES modulates Wnt signaling is unknown. Here, we confirm that BVES loss increases β-catenin protein levels, leads to Wnt pathway activation in a ligand-independent fashion and coordinates with Wnt ligand to further increase Wnt signaling. We show that BVES loss increases levels and activation of the Wnt co-receptor, LRP6, in cell lines, murine adenoma tumoroids and human-derived colonoids. We also demonstrate that BVES interacts with LRP6. Finally, murine tumor modeling using a Wnt-driven genetic model and a chemically induced model of colorectal carcinogenesis demonstrate that BVES loss increases tumor multiplicity and dysplasia. Together, these results implicate BVES as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, provide one of the first examples of a tight junction-associated protein regulating Wnt receptor levels, and expand the number of putative molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bobak Parang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel E Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chenxuan Li
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Victoria H Ng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kenyi Saito-Diaz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yash A Choksi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary K Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jesse Joshua Smith
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Brand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
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Swan AH, Gruscheski L, Boland LA, Brand T. The Popeye domain containing gene family encoding a family of cAMP-effector proteins with important functions in striated muscle and beyond. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:169-183. [PMID: 31197601 PMCID: PMC6726836 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) gene family encodes a novel class of membrane-bound cyclic AMP effector proteins. POPDC proteins are abundantly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Consistent with its predominant expression in striated muscle, Popdc1 and Popdc2 null mutants in mouse and zebrafish develop cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. Likewise, mutations in POPDC genes in patients have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy phenotypes. A membrane trafficking function has been identified in this context. POPDC proteins have also been linked to tumour formation. Here, POPDC1 plays a role as a tumour suppressor by limiting c-Myc and WNT signalling. Currently, a common functional link between POPDC's role in striated muscle and as a tumour suppressor is lacking. We also discuss several alternative working models to better understand POPDC protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Swan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th Floor ICTEM Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lena Gruscheski
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th Floor ICTEM Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lauren A Boland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th Floor ICTEM Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Thomas Brand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th Floor ICTEM Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Parang B, Thompson JJ, Williams CS. Blood Vessel Epicardial Substance (BVES) in junctional signaling and cancer. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:1-12. [PMID: 30307367 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1499843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) is a tight-junction associated protein that was originally discovered from a cDNA screen of the developing heart. Research over the last decade has shown that not only is BVES is expressed in cardiac and skeletal tissue, but BVES is also is expressed throughout the gastrointestinal epithelium. Mice lacking BVES sustain worse intestinal injury and inflammation. Furthermore, BVES is suppressed in gastrointestinal cancers, and mouse modeling has shown that loss of BVES promotes tumor formation. Recent work from multiple laboratories has revealed that BVES can regulate several molecular pathways, including cAMP, WNT, and promoting the degradation of the oncogene, c-Myc. This review will summarize our current understanding of how BVES regulates the intestinal epithelium and discuss how BVES functions at the molecular level to preserve epithelial phenotypes and suppress tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobak Parang
- a Department of Medicine , Cornell University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Joshua J Thompson
- b Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- b Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,c Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System , Nashville , TN , USA
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10
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Schindler RFR, Brand T. The Popeye domain containing protein family--A novel class of cAMP effectors with important functions in multiple tissues. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 120:28-36. [PMID: 26772438 PMCID: PMC4821176 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Popeye domain containing (Popdc) proteins are a unique family, which combine several different properties and functions in a surprisingly complex fashion. They are expressed in multiple tissues and cell types, present in several subcellular compartments, interact with different classes of proteins, and are associated with a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Moreover, Popdc proteins bind the second messenger cAMP with high affinity and it is thought that they act as a novel class of cAMP effector proteins. Here, we will review the most important findings about the Popdc family, which accumulated since its discovery about 15 years ago. We will be focussing on Popdc protein interaction and function in striated muscle tissue. However, as a full picture only emerges if all aspects are taken into account, we will also describe what is currently known about the role of Popdc proteins in epithelial cells and in various types of cancer, and discuss these findings with regard to their relevance for cardiac and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland F R Schindler
- Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Brand
- Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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11
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Pangeni RP, Channathodiyil P, Huen DS, Eagles LW, Johal BK, Pasha D, Hadjistephanou N, Nevell O, Davies CL, Adewumi AI, Khanom H, Samra IS, Buzatto VC, Chandrasekaran P, Shinawi T, Dawson TP, Ashton KM, Davis C, Brodbelt AR, Jenkinson MD, Bièche I, Latif F, Darling JL, Warr TJ, Morris MR. The GALNT9, BNC1 and CCDC8 genes are frequently epigenetically dysregulated in breast tumours that metastasise to the brain. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:57. [PMID: 26052355 PMCID: PMC4457099 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour metastasis to the brain is a common and deadly development in certain cancers; 18–30 % of breast tumours metastasise to the brain. The contribution that gene silencing through epigenetic mechanisms plays in these metastatic tumours is not well understood. Results We have carried out a bioinformatic screen of genome-wide breast tumour methylation data available at The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a broad literature review to identify candidate genes that may contribute to breast to brain metastasis (BBM). This analysis identified 82 candidates. We investigated the methylation status of these genes using Combined Bisulfite and Restriction Analysis (CoBRA) and identified 21 genes frequently methylated in BBM. We have identified three genes, GALNT9, CCDC8 and BNC1, that were frequently methylated (55, 73 and 71 %, respectively) and silenced in BBM and infrequently methylated in primary breast tumours. CCDC8 was commonly methylated in brain metastases and their associated primary tumours whereas GALNT9 and BNC1 were methylated and silenced only in brain metastases, but not in the associated primary breast tumours from individual patients. This suggests differing roles for these genes in the evolution of metastatic tumours; CCDC8 methylation occurs at an early stage of metastatic evolution whereas methylation of GANLT9 and BNC1 occurs at a later stage of tumour evolution. Knockdown of these genes by RNAi resulted in a significant increase in the migratory and invasive potential of breast cancer cell lines. Conclusions These findings indicate that GALNT9 (an initiator of O-glycosylation), CCDC8 (a regulator of microtubule dynamics) and BNC1 (a transcription factor with a broad range of targets) may play a role in the progression of primary breast tumours to brain metastases. These genes may be useful as prognostic markers and their products may provide novel therapeutic targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0089-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Pangeni
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - David S Huen
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Lawrence W Eagles
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Balraj K Johal
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Dawar Pasha
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Natasa Hadjistephanou
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Oliver Nevell
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Claire L Davies
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Ayobami I Adewumi
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Hamida Khanom
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Ikroop S Samra
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Vanessa C Buzatto
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Preethi Chandrasekaran
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Thoraia Shinawi
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy P Dawson
- Department of Neurosciences, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Fulwood, Preston, UK
| | - Katherine M Ashton
- Department of Neurosciences, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Fulwood, Preston, UK
| | - Charles Davis
- Department of Neurosciences, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Fulwood, Preston, UK
| | | | | | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institute Curie, Paris, France
| | - Farida Latif
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John L Darling
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Tracy J Warr
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Mark R Morris
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK ; School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK ; Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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12
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Abstract
Epithelial transport relies on the proper function and regulation of the tight junction (TJ), other-wise uncontrolled paracellular leakage of solutes and water would occur. They also act as a fence against mixing of membrane proteins of the apical and basolateral side. The proteins determining paracellular transport consist of four transmembrane regions, intracellular N and C terminals, one intracellular and two extracellular loops (ECLs). The ECLs interact laterally and with counterparts of the neighboring cell and by this achieve a general sealing function. Two TJ protein families can be distinguished, claudins, comprising 27 members in mammals, and TJ-associated MARVEL proteins (TAMP), comprising occludin, tricellulin, and MarvelD3. They are linked to a multitude of TJ-associated regulatory and scaffolding proteins. The major TJ proteins are classified according to the physiological role they play in enabling or preventing paracellular transport. Many TJ proteins have sealing functions (claudins 1, 3, 5, 11, 14, 19, and tricellulin). In contrast, a significant number of claudins form channels across TJs which feature selectivity for cations (claudins 2, 10b, and 15), anions (claudin-10a and -17), or are permeable to water (claudin-2). For several TJ proteins, function is yet unclear as their effects on epithelial barriers are inconsistent (claudins 4, 7, 8, 16, and occludin). TJs undergo physiological and pathophysiological regulation by altering protein composition or abundance. Major pathophysiological conditions which involve changes in TJ protein composition are (1) effects of pathogens binding to TJ proteins, (2) altered TJ protein composition during inflammation and infection, and (3) altered TJ protein expression in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Günzel
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité, Universtätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität/Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Schindler RF, Poon KL, Simrick S, Brand T. The Popeye domain containing genes: essential elements in heart rate control. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2013; 2:308-19. [PMID: 24282731 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2012.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Popeye domain containing (Popdc) gene family displays preferential expression in skeletal muscle and heart. Only recently a significant gain in the understanding of the function of Popdc genes in the heart has been obtained. The Popdc genes encode membrane proteins harboring an evolutionary conserved Popeye domain, which functions as a binding domain for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Popdc proteins interact with the two-pore channel TREK-1 and enhance its current. This protein interaction is modulated by cAMP. Null mutations of members of the Popdc gene family in zebrafish and mouse are associated with severe cardiac arrhythmia phenotypes. While in zebrafish an atrioventricular block was prevalent, in mouse a stress-induced sinus bradycardia was observed, which was due to the presence of sinus pauses. Moreover, the phenotype develops in an age-dependent manner, being absent in the young animal and becoming increasingly severe, as the animals grow older. This phenotype is reminiscent of the sick sinus syndrome (SSS), which affects mostly the elderly and is characterized by the poor ability of the cardiac pacemaker to adapt the heart rate to the physiological demand. While being a prevalent disease, which is responsible for a large fraction of pacemaker implantations in Western countries, SSS is poorly understood at the molecular level. It is therefore expected that the study of the molecular basis of the stress-induced bradycardia in Popdc mice will shed new light on the etiology of pacemaker disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland F Schindler
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, Harefield, United Kingdom
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14
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Froese A, Breher SS, Waldeyer C, Schindler RFR, Nikolaev VO, Rinné S, Wischmeyer E, Schlueter J, Becher J, Simrick S, Vauti F, Kuhtz J, Meister P, Kreissl S, Torlopp A, Liebig SK, Laakmann S, Müller TD, Neumann J, Stieber J, Ludwig A, Maier SK, Decher N, Arnold HH, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Brand T. Popeye domain containing proteins are essential for stress-mediated modulation of cardiac pacemaking in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1119-30. [PMID: 22354168 DOI: 10.1172/jci59410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pacemaker cells create rhythmic pulses that control heart rate; pacemaker dysfunction is a prevalent disorder in the elderly, but little is known about the underlying molecular causes. Popeye domain containing (Popdc) genes encode membrane proteins with high expression levels in cardiac myocytes and specifically in the cardiac pacemaking and conduction system. Here, we report the phenotypic analysis of mice deficient in Popdc1 or Popdc2. ECG analysis revealed severe sinus node dysfunction when freely roaming mutant animals were subjected to physical or mental stress. In both mutants, bradyarrhythmia developed in an age-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that the conserved Popeye domain functioned as a high-affinity cAMP-binding site. Popdc proteins interacted with the potassium channel TREK-1, which led to increased cell surface expression and enhanced current density, both of which were negatively modulated by cAMP. These data indicate that Popdc proteins have an important regulatory function in heart rate dynamics that is mediated, at least in part, through cAMP binding. Mice with mutant Popdc1 and Popdc2 alleles are therefore useful models for the dissection of the mechanisms causing pacemaker dysfunction and could aid in the development of strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Froese
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Kirchmaier BC, Poon KL, Schwerte T, Huisken J, Winkler C, Jungblut B, Stainier DY, Brand T. The Popeye domain containing 2 (popdc2) gene in zebrafish is required for heart and skeletal muscle development. Dev Biol 2012; 363:438-50. [PMID: 22290329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Popeye domain containing (Popdc) genes encode a family of transmembrane proteins with an evolutionary conserved Popeye domain. These genes are abundantly expressed in striated muscle tissue, however their function is not well understood. In this study we have investigated the role of the popdc2 gene in zebrafish. Popdc2 transcripts were detected in the embryonic myocardium and transiently in the craniofacial and tail musculature. Morpholino oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of popdc2 resulted in aberrant development of skeletal muscle and heart. Muscle segments in the trunk were irregularly shaped and craniofacial muscles were severely reduced or even missing. In the heart, pericardial edema was prevalent in the morphants and heart chambers were elongated and looping was abnormal. These pathologies in muscle and heart were alleviated after reducing the morpholino concentration. However the heart still was abnormal displaying cardiac arrhythmia at later stages of development. Optical recordings of cardiac contractility revealed irregular ventricular contractions with a 2:1, or 3:1 atrial/ventricular conduction ratio, which caused a significant reduction in heart frequency. Recordings of calcium transients with high spatiotemporal resolution using a transgenic calcium indicator line (Tg(cmlc2:gCaMP)(s878)) and SPIM microscopy confirmed the presence of a severe arrhythmia phenotype. Our results identify popdc2 as a gene important for striated muscle differentiation and cardiac morphogenesis. In addition it is required for the development of the cardiac conduction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina C Kirchmaier
- Cell- and Developmental Biology, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Possible involvement of tight junctions, extracellular matrix and nuclear receptors in epithelial differentiation. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:253048. [PMID: 22162632 PMCID: PMC3227411 DOI: 10.1155/2011/253048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are intercellular junctions localized at the most apical end of the lateral plasma membrane. They consist of four kinds of transmembrane proteins (occludin, claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and tricellulin) and huge numbers of scaffolding proteins and contribute to the paracellular barrier and fence function. The mutation and deletion of these proteins impair the functions of tight junctions and cause various human diseases. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent studies on transmembrane proteins of tight junctions and highlight the functional significance of tight junctions, extracellular matrix, and nuclear receptors in epithelial differentiation.
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17
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Jayagopal A, Yang JL, Haselton FR, Chang MS. Tight junction-associated signaling pathways modulate cell proliferation in uveal melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:588-93. [PMID: 20861479 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of tight junction (TJ)-associated signaling pathways in the proliferation of uveal melanoma. METHODS Human uveal melanoma cell lines overexpressing the TJ molecule blood vessel epicardial substance (Bves) were generated. The effects of Bves overexpression on TJ protein expression, cell proliferation, and cell cycle distribution were quantified. In addition, localization and transcription activity of the TJ-associated protein ZO-1-associated nucleic acid binding protein (ZONAB) were evaluated using immunofluorescence and bioluminescence reporter assays to study the involvement of Bves signaling in cell proliferation-associated pathways. RESULTS Bves overexpression in uveal melanoma cell lines resulted in increased expression of the TJ proteins occludin and ZO-1, reduced cell proliferation, and increased sequestration of ZONAB at TJs and reduced ZONAB transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS TJ proteins are present in uveal melanoma, and TJ-associated signaling pathways modulate cell signaling pathways relevant to proliferation in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwath Jayagopal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 351822, USA.
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18
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Russ PK, Pino CJ, Williams CS, Bader DM, Haselton FR, Chang MS. Bves modulates tight junction associated signaling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14563. [PMID: 21283798 PMCID: PMC3024319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel epicardial substance (Bves) is a transmembrane adhesion protein that regulates tight junction (TJ) formation in a variety of epithelia. The role of TJs within epithelium extends beyond the mechanical properties. They have been shown to play a direct role in regulation of RhoA and ZONAB/DbpA, a y-box transcription factor. We hypothesize that Bves can modulate RhoA activation and ZONAB/DbpA activity through its regulatory effect on TJ formation. Immortalized human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were stably transfected with Flag-tagged full length chicken Bves (w-Bves) or C-terminus truncated Bves (t-Bves). We found that stably transfected w-Bves and t-Bves were interacting with endogenous human Bves. However, interaction with t-Bves appeared to disrupt cell membrane localization of endogenous Bves and interaction with ZO-1. w-Bves cells exhibited increased TJ function reflected by increased trans-epithelial electrical resistance, while t-Bves cells lost TJ protein immunolocalization at cell-cell contacts and exhibited decreased trans-epithelial electrical resistance. In parental HCE and w-Bves cells ZONAB/DbpA and GEF-H1 were seen at cell borders in the same pattern as ZO-1. However, expression of t-Bves led to decreased membrane localization of both ZONAB/DbpA and GEF-H1. t-Bves cells had increased RhoA activity, as indicated by a significant 30% increase in FRET activity compared to parental HCE cells. ZONAB/DbpA transcriptional activity, assessed using a luciferase reporter probe, was increased in t-Bves cells. These studies demonstrate that Bves expression and localization can regulate RhoA and ZONAB/DbpA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Russ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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19
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Identification of a novel Bves function: regulation of vesicular transport. EMBO J 2010; 29:532-45. [PMID: 20057356 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel/epicardial substance (Bves) is a transmembrane protein that influences cell adhesion and motility through unknown mechanisms. We have discovered that Bves directly interacts with VAMP3, a SNARE protein that facilitates vesicular transport and specifically recycles transferrin and beta-1-integrin. Two independent assays document that cells expressing a mutated form of Bves are severely impaired in the recycling of these molecules, a phenotype consistent with disruption of VAMP3 function. Using Morpholino knockdown in Xenopus laevis, we demonstrate that elimination of Bves function specifically inhibits transferrin receptor recycling, and results in gastrulation defects previously reported with impaired integrin-dependent cell movements. Kymographic analysis of Bves-depleted primary and cultured cells reveals severe impairment of cell spreading and adhesion on fibronectin, indicative of disruption of integrin-mediated adhesion. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Bves interacts with VAMP3 and facilitates receptor recycling both in vitro and during early development. Thus, this study establishes a newly identified role for Bves in vesicular transport and reveals a novel, broadly applied mechanism governing SNARE protein function.
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20
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Abstract
Bves was discovered in 1999 by two independent laboratories using screens to identify novel genes that were highly expressed in the developing heart (Reese et al., 1999; Andree et al., 2000). As an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein, Bves is postulated to play a role in cell adhesion and cell motility. In studies of Bves protein disruption, there have been multiple phenotypes, but few molecular mechanisms have been advanced to explain the underlying cause of these phenotypes. As the molecular function of Bves protein begins to be uncovered, it is now time to review the literature to examine the significance of this work and future directions of study. This review summarizes the literature on this unique protein and explores new and exciting data that support emerging themes on its molecular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Hager
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6300, USA
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21
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Froese A, Brand T. Expression pattern of Popdc2 during mouse embryogenesis and in the adult. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:780-7. [PMID: 18189275 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Popdc2 gene is a member of the Popeye domain containing gene family encoding membrane proteins with prominent expression in striated and smooth muscle tissue. After introducing a LacZ reporter gene into the Popdc2 locus, expression was studied during embryonic development and postnatal life. At embryonic day (E) 7.5, expression was present in cardiac and extraembryonic mesoderm. At E10.5, expression was found in heart, somites, and mesothelial cells lining the coelom. At E12.5, expression was present in the coelomic mesothelium, pericardial and myocardial layer of the heart, skeletal muscle, bladder, gut, and umbilical vessels. Postnatal expression was found in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in the smooth muscle layer of colon, rectum, and bladder. In the stomach, Popdc2 was exclusively present in the pyloric epithelium. In conclusion, Popdc2 is expressed in various muscle and nonmuscle cell types during embryonic development and in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Froese
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Bves directly interacts with GEFT, and controls cell shape and movement through regulation of Rac1/Cdc42 activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:8298-303. [PMID: 18541910 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802345105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bves is an integral membrane protein with no determined function and no homology to proteins outside of the Popdc family. It is widely expressed throughout development in myriad organisms. Here, we demonstrate an interaction between Bves and guanine nucleotide exchange factor T (GEFT), a GEF for Rho-family GTPases. This interaction represents the first identification of any protein that has a direct physical interaction with any member of the Popdc family. Bves and GEFT are shown to colocalize in adult skeletal muscle. We also demonstrate that exogenous expression of Bves reduces Rac1 and Cdc42 activity levels while not affecting levels of active RhoA. Consistent with a repression of Rac1 and Cdc42 activity, we show changes in speed of cell locomotion and cell roundness also result from exogenous expression of Bves. Modulation of Rho-family GTPase signaling by Bves would be highly consistent with previously described phenotypes occurring upon disruption of Bves function in a wide variety of model systems. Therefore, we propose Bves as a novel regulator of the Rac1 and Cdc42 signaling cascades.
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Identification of a novel intracellular interaction domain essential for Bves function. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2261. [PMID: 18493308 PMCID: PMC2373926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While Blood vessel epicardial substance (Bves) confers adhesive properties, the molecular mechanism of regulating this activity is unknown. No predicted functional motifs in this highly conserved integral membrane protein, other than the transmembrane domain, have been identified. Here, we report for the first time that Bves interacts with itself through an intracellular interaction domain that is essential for its intercellular adhesion activity. Glutathion-S-transferase (GST) pull-down and SPOTs analyses mapped this domain to amino acids 268-274 in the intracellular C-terminus. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that lysines 272 and 273 are essential for homodimerization and cell adhesion. Human corneal cells transfected with wild-type Bves trafficked the protein to the cell surface, assembled junction complexes and formed epithelial sheets. In contrast, cells expressing Bves mutated at these positions did not form continuous epithelial sheets or maintain junctional proteins such as ZO-1 and E-cadherin at the membrane. A dramatic reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance was also observed indicating a functional loss of tight junctions. Importantly, expression of mutated Bves in epithelial cells promoted the transformation of cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. This study is the first to demonstrate the essential nature of any domain within Bves for maintenance of epithelial phenotype and function.
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Chiba H, Osanai M, Murata M, Kojima T, Sawada N. Transmembrane proteins of tight junctions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1778:588-600. [PMID: 17916321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions contribute to the paracellular barrier, the fence dividing plasma membranes, and signal transduction, acting as a multifunctional complex in vertebrate epithelial and endothelial cells. The identification and characterization of the transmembrane proteins of tight junctions, claudins, junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs), occludin and tricellulin, have led to insights into the molecular nature of tight junctions. We provide an overview of recent progress in studies on these proteins and highlight their roles and regulation, as well as their functional significance in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Chiba
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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25
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Parnes D, Jacoby V, Sharabi A, Schlesinger H, Brand T, Kessler-Icekson G. The Popdc gene family in the rat: molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis in the heart and cultured cardiomyocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1769:586-92. [PMID: 17662479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three Popeye domain-containing (Popdc 1-3) family-members are known in vertebrates. Their exact function is as yet unknown although involvement in cell adhesion has been suggested. We report herein sequencing of the rat Popdc 1-3 cDNAs that show high homology to other vertebrate orthologs and are expressed primarily in the heart and skeletal muscles. Popdc2 splice variants were identified, with Popdc2C showing a distinctive age-dependent decline. In isolated cardiomyocytes, Popdc genes were negatively regulated by serum, an effect that was reversed by EGFR-kinase inhibition, suggesting an EGFR-dependent modulation of Popdc gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Parnes
- Basil and Gerald Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tikva 49100, Israel
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