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Fujita T, Seist R, Kao SY, Soares V, Panano L, Khetani RS, Landegger LD, Batts S, Stankovic KM. miR-431 secreted by human vestibular schwannomas increases the mammalian inner ear's vulnerability to noise trauma. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1268359. [PMID: 37885485 PMCID: PMC10598552 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1268359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is an intracranial tumor that arises on the vestibular branch of cranial nerve VIII and typically presents with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The mechanisms of this SNHL are postulated to involve alterations in the inner ear's microenvironment mediated by the genetic cargo of VS-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). We aimed to identify the EV cargo associated with poor hearing and determine whether its delivery caused hearing loss and cochlear damage in a mouse model in vivo. Methods VS tissue was collected from routinely resected tumors of patients with good (VS-GH) or poor (VS-PH) pre-surgical hearing measured via pure-tone average and word recognition scores. Next-generation sequencing was performed on RNA isolated from cultured primary human VS cells and EVs from VS-conditioned media, stratified by patients' hearing ability. microRNA expression levels were compared between VS-PH and VS-GH samples to identify differentially expressed candidates for packaging into a synthetic adeno-associated viral vector (Anc80L65). Viral vectors containing candidate microRNA were infused to the semicircular canals of mice to evaluate the effects on hearing, including after noise exposure. Results Differentially expressed microRNAs included hsa-miR-431-5p (enriched in VS-PH) and hsa-miR-192-5p (enriched in VS-GH). Newborn mice receiving intracochlear injection of viral vectors over-expressing hsa-miR-431-GFP, hsa-miR-192-GFP, or GFP only (control) had similar hearing 6 weeks post-injection. However, after acoustic trauma, the miR-431 group displayed significantly worse hearing, and greater loss of synaptic ribbons per inner hair cell in the acoustically traumatized cochlear region than the control group. Conclusion Our results suggest that miR-431 contributes to VS-associated hearing loss following cochlear stress. Further investigation is needed to determine whether miR-431 is a potential therapeutic target for SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujita
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard Seist
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shyan-Yuan Kao
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vitor Soares
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lorena Panano
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Radhika S. Khetani
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lukas D. Landegger
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shelley Batts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Konstantina M. Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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2
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Yang DD, Rio M, Michot C, Boddaert N, Yacoub W, Garcelon N, Thierry B, Bonnet D, Rondeau S, Herve D, Guey S, Angoulvant F, Cormier-Daire V. Natural history of Myhre syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:304. [PMID: 35907855 PMCID: PMC9338657 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myhre syndrome (MS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by skeletal disorders, facial features and joint limitation, caused by a gain of function mutation in SMAD4 gene. The natural history of MS remains incompletely understood.
Methods We recruited in a longitudinal retrospective study patients with molecular confirmed MS from the French reference center for rare skeletal dysplasia. We described natural history by chaining data from medical reports, clinical data warehouse, medical imaging and photographies.
Results We included 12 patients. The median age was 22 years old (y/o). Intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation were consistently reported. In preschool age, neurodevelopment disorders were reported in 80% of children. Specifics facial and skeletal features, thickened skin and joint limitation occured mainly in school age children. The adolescence was marked by the occurrence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and vascular stenosis. We reported for the first time recurrent strokes from the age of 26 y/o, caused by a moyamoya syndrome in one patient. Two patients died at late adolescence and in their 20 s respectively from PAH crises and mesenteric ischemia. Conclusion Myhre syndrome is a progressive disease with severe multisystemic impairement and life-threathning complication requiring multidisciplinary monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dawei Yang
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.,Pediatric Emergency Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marlene Rio
- Université de Paris, Institut IMAGINE, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France.,Departement of Medical Genetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Michot
- Departement of Medical Genetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institut IMAGINE, Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Paediatric Radiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institut IMAGINE, INSERM1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Wael Yacoub
- Paediatric Radiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institut IMAGINE, INSERM1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Garcelon
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institut IMAGINE, Data Science Platform, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Briac Thierry
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy/HIPI/INSERM UMR976, Stem Cell Biotechnologies, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Université de Paris, Institut IMAGINE, INSERM1163, 75015, Paris, France.,M3C-Paediatric Cardiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rondeau
- Departement of Medical Genetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institut IMAGINE, Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Herve
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Nord, Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and Retina (CERVCO), DHU NeuroVasc, INSERM U 1161, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Guey
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, UMR-S1161, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Francois Angoulvant
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.,Pediatric Emergency Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Departement of Medical Genetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Institut IMAGINE, Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, 75015, Paris, France.
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3
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Pakravan K, Razmara E, Mahmud Hussen B, Sattarikia F, Sadeghizadeh M, Babashah S. SMAD4 contributes to chondrocyte and osteocyte development. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1-15. [PMID: 34841647 PMCID: PMC8742202 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to chondrocyte and osteocyte development. Although vital roles of the mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (also called 'SMAD4') have been discussed in different cancers and stem cell-related studies, there are a few reviews summarizing the roles of this protein in the skeletal development and bone homeostasis. In order to fill this gap, we discuss the critical roles of SMAD4 in the skeletal development. To this end, we review the different signalling pathways and also how SMAD4 defines stem cell features. We also elaborate how the epigenetic factors-ie DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs-make a contribution to the chondrocyte and osteocyte development. To better grasp the important roles of SMAD4 in the cartilage and bone development, we also review the genotype-phenotype correlation in animal models. This review helps us to understand the importance of the SMAD4 in the chondrocyte and bone development and the potential applications for therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of PharmacognosyCollege of PharmacyHawler Medical UniversityKurdistan RegionIraq
| | - Fatemeh Sattarikia
- Department of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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4
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Di Cesare T, Rossi G, Girotto G, Di Nardo W. Benefit of cochlear implantation in a patient with Myhre syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e243164. [PMID: 34433528 PMCID: PMC8388303 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myhre syndrome is a rare disorder characterised by short stature, skeletal anomalies, facial dysmorphism and hearing loss (HL), resulting from heterozygous mutations of the SMAD4 gene. We describe the benefits of cochlear implant (CI) in a patient with sensorineural HL carrying a mutation (NM_005359.6: c.1498A>G; p.lle500Val) within the SMAD4 gene, detected by whole-exome sequencing. The CI was inserted through the round window despite otospongiotic abnormalities. Pure-tone audiometry improved up to 20 dBHL. Speech perception in noise (Simplified Noise Reduction - SNR +10) increased from 0% pre implantation with hearing aids to 50% post implantation. The postoperative setting of the electrical stimulation limits yielded an asymmetric map, with lower levels for central electrodes and higher levels for lateral ones. Action potential could not be evoked via medial electrodes, suggesting a cochlear nerve dysfunction. Outcomes related to quality of life and cognitive impairment improved. CI was shown to be an effective auditory rehabilitation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Di Cesare
- Otorhinolaryngology, Foundation Polyclinic University A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Giorgia Rossi
- Otorhinolaryngology, Foundation Polyclinic University A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
| | - Walter Di Nardo
- Otorhinolaryngology, Foundation Polyclinic University A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
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5
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Yang M, Lu X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Cai Z, Li Z, Pan B, Jiang H. Whole-exome sequencing analysis in 10 families of sporadic microtia with thoracic deformities. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1657. [PMID: 33811463 PMCID: PMC8172194 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microtia is a congenital malformation of the external ear and may occur as an isolated deformity or as part of a syndrome. Our previous study found a high correlation between microtia and thoracic deformities, thus, we propose that external ear and thorax development may be regulated by certain genes in common. Methods We performed exome sequencing on 10 families of sporadic microtia with thoracic abnormalities. We identified mutated genes under different models of inheritance, and checked them through Mouse Genome Informatics and association analysis. Results We identified 45 rare mutations, including 9 de novo mutations, 20 heterozygous mutations, 3 homozygous mutations, and 13 hemizygous mutations, of which 2 are likely to be causative. They are de novo missense variant in PHF5A and compound heterozygous mutations in CYP26B1, of which CYP26B1 mutation is highly likely pathogenic. Conclusion The results indicate that certain genes may affect both external ear and thorax development, and demonstrate the benefits of whole‐exome sequencing in identifying candidate genes of microtia. This study provides a new way for genetic exploration in microtia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Yang
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Plastic Surgery Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Plastic Surgery Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changchen Wang
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Plastic Surgery Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Plastic Surgery Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Jiang
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Plastic Surgery Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Yu H, Wang Y, Jin C, Liu Y, He Y, Zhang Q. The functional differentiation of four smad4 paralogs in TGF-β signaling pathway of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Cell Signal 2020; 71:109601. [PMID: 32184196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a classical signaling pathway, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has been studied in various animals for more than decade years. However, the members of TGF-β were markedly expanded in teleost specific third and fourth rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD). Here, four smad4s named Posmad4a, Posmad4b, Posmad4c and Posmad4d were identified in Japanese flounder. Our study showed that four flounder smad4s had distinct properties in terms of their protein structure, expression pattern, protein interaction and subcellular localization. PoSMAD4a/b were mainly located in the cytoplasm, and could co-localize in the nucleus with PoSMAD3a after TGF-β activator stimulation. PoSMAD4c was mainly located in nucleus, whereas PoSMAD4d distributed in the whole cell. Both PoSMAD4c and PoSMAD4d could co-localize in the nucleus with PoSMAD3b after TGF-β activator stimulation. Furthermore, Posmad4c responded most strongly to TGF-β signal stimulation. Dual-luciferase reporter assay also showed that Posmad4c could specifically up-regulate the TGF-β signal luciferase reporter gene, Posmad4b could enhance Wnt signal luciferase reporter gene, while both Posmad4b and Posmad4d could markedly up-regulate Notch signal reporter gene. All results indicated that Posmad4a/b/c/d had significantly functional differences among TGF-β, Notch and Wnt signaling pathways. Our study provided important understanding to the biology of smad4s and its pathway crosstalk in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chaofan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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7
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Cheng C, Guo L, Lu L, Xu X, Zhang S, Gao J, Waqas M, Zhu C, Chen Y, Zhang X, Xuan C, Gao X, Tang M, Chen F, Shi H, Li H, Chai R. Characterization of the Transcriptomes of Lgr5+ Hair Cell Progenitors and Lgr5- Supporting Cells in the Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:122. [PMID: 28491023 PMCID: PMC5405134 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear supporting cells (SCs) have been shown to be a promising resource for hair cell (HC) regeneration in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Previous studies have reported that Lgr5+ SCs can regenerate HCs both in vitro and in vivo and thus are considered to be inner ear progenitor cells. Lgr5+ progenitors are able to regenerate more HCs than Lgr5- SCs, and it is important to understand the mechanism behind the proliferation and HC regeneration of these progenitors. Here, we isolated Lgr5+ progenitors and Lgr5- SCs from Lgr5-EGFP-CreERT2/Sox2-CreERT2/Rosa26-tdTomato mice via flow cytometry. As expected, we found that Lgr5+ progenitors had significantly higher proliferation and HC regeneration ability than Lgr5- SCs. Next, we performed RNA-Seq to determine the gene expression profiles of Lgr5+ progenitors and Lgr5- SCs. We analyzed the genes that were enriched and differentially expressed in Lgr5+ progenitors and Lgr5- SCs, and we found 8 cell cycle genes, 9 transcription factors, and 24 cell signaling pathway genes that were uniquely expressed in one population but not the other. Last, we made a protein–protein interaction network to further analyze the role of these differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, we present a set of genes that might regulate the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of Lgr5+ progenitors, and these might serve as potential new therapeutic targets for HC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| | - Luo Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - ShaSha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, Saint Louis University, St. LouisMO, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and TechnologyGulshan-e-Iqbal, Pakistan
| | - Chengwen Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Chuanying Xuan
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear ImplantShanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
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8
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Yang J, Wang J, Zeng Z, Qiao L, Zhuang L, Jiang L, Wei J, Ma Q, Wu M, Ye S, Gao Q, Ma D, Huang X. Smad4 is required for the development of cardiac and skeletal muscle in zebrafish. Differentiation 2016; 92:161-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Ma L, Yi HJ, Yuan FQ, Guo WW, Yang SM. An efficient strategy for establishing a model of sensorineural deafness in rats. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1683-9. [PMID: 26692870 PMCID: PMC4660766 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.153704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ototoxic drugs can be used to produce a loss of cochlear hair cells to create animal models of deafness. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the establishment of a rat deafness model through the combined application of aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. The aim of this study was to use single or combined administration of furosemide and kanamycin sulfate to establish rat models of deafness. The rats received intravenous injections of different doses of furosemide and/or intramuscular injections of kanamycin sulfate. The auditory brainstem response was measured to determine the hearing threshold after drug application. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy were performed to evaluate inner ear morphology. In the group receiving combined administration of furosemide and kanamycin, the auditory brainstem response threshold showed significant elevation 3 days after administration, higher than that produced by furosemide or kanamycin alone. The hair cells showed varying degrees of injury, from the apical turn to the basal turn of the cochlea and from the outer hair cells to the inner hair cells. The spiral ganglion cells maintained a normal morphology during the first week after the hair cells completely disappeared, and then gradually degenerated. After 2 months, the majority of spiral ganglion cells disappeared, but a few remained. These findings demonstrate that the combined administration of furosemide and kanamycin has a synergistic ototoxic effect, and that these drugs can produce hair cell loss and hearing loss in rats. These findings suggest that even in patients with severe deafness, electronic cochlear implants may partially restore hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ma
- The Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jin Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fen-Qian Yuan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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SMAD4 Defect Causes Auditory Neuropathy Via Specialized Disruption of Cochlear Ribbon Synapses in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5679-91. [PMID: 26491026 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 genes have been associated with deafness. However, SMAD4 is rarely considered a contributor to deafness in humans, except for its well-defined role in cell differentiation and regeneration. Here, we report that a SMAD4 defect in mice can cause auditory neuropathy, which was defined as a mysterious hearing and speech perception disorder in human for which the genetic background remains unclear. Our study showed that a SMAD4 defect induces failed formation of cochlear ribbon synapse during the earlier stage of auditory development in mice. Further investigation found that there are nearly normal morphology of outer hair cells (OHCs) and post-synapse spiral ganglion nerves (SGNs) in SMAD4 conditional knockout mice (cKO); however, a preserved distortion product of otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and cochlear microphonic (CM) still can be evoked in cKO mice. Moreover, a partial restoration of hearing detected by electric auditory brainstem response (eABR) has been obtained in the cKO mice using electrode stimuli toward auditory nerves. Additionally, the ribbon synapses in retina are not affected by this SMAD4 defect. Thus, our findings suggest that this SMAD4 defect causes auditory neuropathy via specialized disruption of cochlear ribbon synapses.
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Chondrodysplasias and TGFβ signaling. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:642. [PMID: 25798233 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human chondrodysplasias are a group of conditions that affect the cartilage. This review is focused on the involvement of transforming growth factor-β signaling in a group of chondrodysplasias, entitled acromelic dysplasia, characterized by short stature, short hands and restricted joint mobility.
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12
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Wang RN, Green J, Wang Z, Deng Y, Qiao M, Peabody M, Zhang Q, Ye J, Yan Z, Denduluri S, Idowu O, Li M, Shen C, Hu A, Haydon RC, Kang R, Mok J, Lee MJ, Luu HL, Shi LL. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling in development and human diseases. Genes Dis 2014; 1:87-105. [PMID: 25401122 PMCID: PMC4232216 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of signaling molecules that belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Initially discovered for their ability to induce bone formation, BMPs are now known to play crucial roles in all organ systems. BMPs are important in embryogenesis and development, and also in maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. Mouse knockout models of various components of the BMP signaling pathway result in embryonic lethality or marked defects, highlighting the essential functions of BMPs. In this review, we first outline the basic aspects of BMP signaling and then focus on genetically manipulated mouse knockout models that have helped elucidate the role of BMPs in development. A significant portion of this review is devoted to the prominent human pathologies associated with dysregulated BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Wang
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jordan Green
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Youlin Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Qiao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Michael Peabody
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sahitya Denduluri
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olumuyiwa Idowu
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Melissa Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christine Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alan Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard Kang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - James Mok
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue L. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Rudnicki A, Shivatzki S, Beyer LA, Takada Y, Raphael Y, Avraham KB. microRNA-224 regulates Pentraxin 3, a component of the humoral arm of innate immunity, in inner ear inflammation. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3138-46. [PMID: 24470395 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of differentiation and development of inner ear cells. Mutations in miRNAs lead to deafness in humans and mice. Among inner ear pathologies, inflammation may lead to structural and neuronal defects and eventually to hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. While the genetic factors of these pathways have not been defined, autoimmunity participates in these processes. We report that inflammatory stimuli in the inner ear induce activation of the innate immune system via miR-224 and pentraxin 3 (Ptx3). miR-224 is a transcriptional target of nuclear factor κB, a key mediator of innate immunity. Ptx3 is a regulator of the immune response. It is released in response to inflammation and regulated by nuclear factor κB. We show that miR-224 and Ptx3 are expressed in the inner ear and we demonstrate that miR-224 targets Ptx3. As a model of the innate immune response, we injected lipopolysaccharide into the scala tympani of mouse inner ears. This resulted in changes in the levels of miR-224 and Ptx3, in addition to activation of the complement system, as measured by immune cell infiltration and activated C3. This suggests that while miR-224 regulates Ptx3 under normal conditions, upon inflammation, both are recruited to offer a front line of defense in acting as responders to inflammation in the inner ear. miR-224 diminishes the innate immune response by down-regulating Ptx3 expression, while Ptx3 stimulates the innate immune response. An understanding of the molecular components of the inflammatory pathway may help develop therapeutics for reducing inflammation associated with inner ear injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Rudnicki
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 68878, Israel and
| | - Shaked Shivatzki
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 68878, Israel and
| | - Lisa A Beyer
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yohei Takada
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karen B Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 68878, Israel and
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Michot C, Le Goff C, Mahaut C, Afenjar A, Brooks AS, Campeau PM, Destree A, Di Rocco M, Donnai D, Hennekam R, Heron D, Jacquemont S, Kannu P, Lin AE, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Mansour S, Marlin S, McGowan R, Murphy H, Raas-Rothschild A, Rio M, Simon M, Stolte-Dijkstra I, Stone JR, Sznajer Y, Tolmie J, Touraine R, van den Ende J, Van der Aa N, van Essen T, Verloes A, Munnich A, Cormier-Daire V. Myhre and LAPS syndromes: clinical and molecular review of 32 patients. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1272-7. [PMID: 24424121 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myhre syndrome is characterized by short stature, brachydactyly, facial features, pseudomuscular hypertrophy, joint limitation and hearing loss. We identified SMAD4 mutations as the cause of Myhre syndrome. SMAD4 mutations have also been identified in laryngotracheal stenosis, arthropathy, prognathism and short stature syndrome (LAPS). This study aimed to review the features of Myhre and LAPS patients to define the clinical spectrum of SMAD4 mutations. We included 17 females and 15 males ranging in age from 8 to 48 years. Thirty were diagnosed with Myhre syndrome and two with LAPS. SMAD4 coding sequence was analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Clinical and radiological features were collected from a questionnaire completed by the referring physicians. All patients displayed a typical facial gestalt, thickened skin, joint limitation and muscular pseudohypertrophy. Growth retardation was common (68.7%) and was variable in severity (from -5.5 to -2 SD), as was mild-to-moderate intellectual deficiency (87.5%) with additional behavioral problems in 56.2% of the patients. Significant health concerns like obesity, arterial hypertension, bronchopulmonary insufficiency, laryngotracheal stenosis, pericarditis and early death occurred in four. Twenty-nine patients had a de novo heterozygous SMAD4 mutation, including both patients with LAPS. In 27 cases mutation affected Ile500 and in two cases Arg496. The three patients without SMAD4 mutations had typical findings of Myhre syndrome. Myhre-LAPS syndrome is a clinically homogenous condition with life threatening complications in the course of the disease. Our identification of SMAD4 mutations in 29/32 cases confirms that SMAD4 is the major gene responsible for Myhre syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Michot
- INSERM U781 Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Carine Le Goff
- INSERM U781 Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Mahaut
- INSERM U781 Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Neuropediatry Department, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares 'anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs - Île de France', Armand-Trousseau CHU, Paris, France
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Ersamus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne Destree
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dian Donnai
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Genetic Medicine-University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Raoul Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Delphine Heron
- Genetics and Cytogenetics Department, GRC-upmc,Pitié-Salpétrière CHU, Paris, France
| | | | - Peter Kannu
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics, Massachussets General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sahar Mansour
- Clinical Genetics, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Genetic and Medical Embryology Unit, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Armand-Trousseau CHU, Paris, France
| | - Ruth McGowan
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Murphy
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Genetic Medicine-University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Marlène Rio
- INSERM U781 Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marleen Simon
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Ersamus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Stolte-Dijkstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yves Sznajer
- Center for Human Genetics, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Tolmie
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Glasgow, UK
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Saint-Etienne CHU, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jenneke van den Ende
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Van der Aa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ton van Essen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Verloes
- Department of Genetics, INSERM U676, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- INSERM U781 Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- INSERM U781 Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris, France
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Zhong ZM, Li T, Xu ZX, Meng TT, Zeng JH, Zheng S, Ye WB, Wu Q, Chen JT. Effect of melatonin on the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes from rat vertebral body growth plate in vitro. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1392-8. [PMID: 23983601 PMCID: PMC3752726 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal growth of vertebral body growth plate (VBGP) is considered as one of the etiologic factors in the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). It was well-known that melatonin was correlated with the emergence and development of AIS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin on rat VBGP chondrocytes in vitro. METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from rat VBGP, and treated with or without melatonin. Cell proliferation was measured by the Alamar Blue assay. Gene expression of collagen type II and aggrecan were evaluated by real-time PCR. Expression of the melatonin receptors (MT1, MT2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, a cell proliferation marker), Sox9 (a chondrocytic differentiation marker) and Smad4 (a common mediator in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes) were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Expression of melatonin receptors (MT1, MT2) were detected in the rat VBGP chondrocytes. Melatonin, at 10 and 100 µg/mL concentration, significantly inhibited the proliferation of VBGP-chondrocytes and the gene expression of collagen type II and aggrecan, and down-regulated the protein expression of PCNA, Sox9 and Smad4. In addition, the inhibitory effect of melatonin was reversed by luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that melatonin at high concentrations can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of VBGP chondrocytes, which might give some new insight into the pathogenic mechanism of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ming Zhong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
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Asakura Y, Muroya K, Sato T, Kurosawa K, Nishimura G, Adachi M. First case of a Japanese girl with Myhre syndrome due to a heterozygous SMAD4 mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1982-6. [PMID: 22711472 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the first case of a Japanese girl with molecularly confirmed Myhre syndrome (MS). The patient was 9 years old at her first visit, and she had been diagnosed with unknown skeletal dysplasia. Her phenotype fulfilled the clinical and radiological criteria for MS, such as typical facies with prognathism, hearing impairment, short stature, square body shape, and limited joint mobility. The thick calvarium and thick skin were clues to the clinical diagnosis of MS. A heterozygous mutation in the mothers-against-DPP homolog 4 (SMAD4) gene has been reported to cause MS. We sequenced SMAD4 using standard PCR-based technique and identified a recurrent mutation (p.Ile500 Thr). She attained menarche before 11 years of age; however, she developed oligomenorrhea after a few years of 40-day cycles, necessitating hormone replacement therapy. The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) tests suggested abnormalities related to hypothalamo-hypophyseal malfunction. Previous reports on MS described early menarche in girls and early or delayed puberty and cryptorchidism in boys. Therefore, we recommend performing an endocrinological evaluation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis in patients with MS to clarify whether hormonal abnormalities are associated with the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Asakura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Mutations at a single codon in Mad homology 2 domain of SMAD4 cause Myhre syndrome. Nat Genet 2011; 44:85-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The role of Smad4 in vestibular development in mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 2010; 29:15-23. [PMID: 20969946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signal transduction pathway is important in the development of the inner ear and vestibular system. We reported previously that small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog-4 (Smad4) is required for inner ear cochlear development and normal auditory function in mammals; however, the distribution and functional mechanisms of Smad4 at various stages of vestibular development remained unclear. To investigate the relationship between the Smad4 gene and vestibular organ development, we measured changes in the expression of BMP4 and Smad4 during vestibular development in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, vestibular structures, pathologic changes, and the vestibular function of chondrocyte-specific Smad4 knockout mice were compared to those of the control group. We found that the expression of Smad4 in the inner ear was delayed compared with that of BMP4. Moreover, chondrocyte-specific Smad4 knockout homozygous mice showed stunted growth and partial vestibular deformities, but it showed less histologic changes in the vestibular end-organs and saccule dysfunction. These results suggest that Smad4 participates in late-stage shaping of the configuration of the vestibule and development of vestibular functional, but a Smad4-independent pathway for the inner ear vestibular BMP4 signal transduction could not be rule out.
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Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 18:466-74. [PMID: 20827086 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32833f3865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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