1
|
Wang SX, Streit A. Shared features in ear and kidney development - implications for oto-renal syndromes. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050447. [PMID: 38353121 PMCID: PMC10886756 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between ear and kidney anomalies has long been recognized. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In the last two decades, embryonic development of the inner ear and kidney has been studied extensively. Here, we describe the developmental pathways shared between both organs with particular emphasis on the genes that regulate signalling cross talk and the specification of progenitor cells and specialised cell types. We relate this to the clinical features of oto-renal syndromes and explore links to developmental mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet Xiaoyan Wang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrea Streit
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Honkura Y, Katori Y, Hirano-Kawamoto A, Kawase T, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Murakami G, Abe H. Characteristic findings in the human fetus vestibule: A human temporal bone study. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:147-153. [PMID: 37308374 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The "collapse," a highly flexed, dented, or caved membrane between the endo- and peri-lymph of the saccule and utricle in adults, is considered as a morphological aspect of Ménière's syndrome. Likewise, when mesh-like tissues in the perilymphatic space are damaged or lost, the endothelium loses mechanical support and causes nerve irritation. However, these morphologies were not examined in fetuses. METHODS By using histological sections from 25 human fetuses (crown-rump length[CRL] 82-372 mm; approximately 12-40 weeks), morphologies of the perilymphatic-endolymphatic border membrane and the mesh-like tissue around the endothelium were examined. RESULTS The highly flexed or caved membrane between the endo- and peri-lymphatic spaces was usually seen in the growing saccule and utricle of fetuses, especially at junctions between the utricle and ampulla at midterm. Likewise, the perilymphatic space around the saccule, utricle and semicircular ducts often lost the mesh-like tissues. The residual mesh-like tissue supported the veins, especially in the semicircular canal. CONCLUSION Within a cartilaginous or bony room showing a limited growth in size but containing increased perilymph, the growing endothelium appeared to become wavy. Owing to a difference in growth rates between the utricle and semicircular duct, the dentation tended to be more frequently seen at junctions than at free margins of the utricle. The difference in site and gestational age suggested that the deformity was not "pathological" but occurred due to unbalanced growth of the border membrane. Nevertheless, the possibility that the deformed membrane in fetuses was an artifact caused by delayed fixation is not deniable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Honkura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yukio Katori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ai Hirano-Kawamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Kawase
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | | | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Cupid Clinic, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Emeritus professor of Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Virk SM, Trujillo-Provencio C, Serrano EE. Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes for Differential Expression during Xenopus laevis Inner Ear Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.29.573599. [PMID: 38260420 PMCID: PMC10802236 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.573599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background The genes involved in inner ear development and maintenance of the adult organ have yet to be fully characterized. Previous genetic analysis has emphasized the early development that gives rise to the otic vesicle. This study aimed to bridge the knowledge gap and identify candidate genes that are expressed as the auditory and vestibular sensory organs continue to grow and develop until the systems reach postmetamorphic maturity. Methods Affymetrix microarrays were used to assess inner ear transcriptome profiles from three Xenopus laevis developmental ages where all eight endorgans comprise mechanosensory hair cells: larval stages 50 and 56, and the post-metamorphic juvenile. Pairwise comparisons were made between the three developmental stages and the resulting differentially expressed X. laevis Probe Set IDs (Xl-PSIDs) were assigned to four groups based on differential expression patterns. DAVID analysis was undertaken to impart functional annotation to the differentially regulated Xl-PSIDs. Results Analysis identified 1510 candidate genes for differential gene expression in one or more pairwise comparison. Annotated genes not previously associated with inner ear development emerged from this analysis, as well as annotated genes with established inner ear function, such as oncomodulin, neurod1, and sp7. Notably, 36% of differentially expressed Xl-PSIDs were unannotated. Conclusions Results draw attention to the complex gene regulatory patterns that characterize Xenopus inner ear development, and underscore the need for improved annotation of the X. laevis genome. Outcomes can be utilized to select candidate inner ear genes for functional analysis, and to promote Xenopus as a model organism for biomedical studies of hearing and balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selene M Virk
- Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces NM USA 88003
| | | | - Elba E Serrano
- Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces NM USA 88003
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiu CY, Matsuo T, Wurster S, Gerstein Y, Hammond DE, Chien KS, DiNardo C, Kontoyiannis DP. Invasive mucorales sinusitis in a young patient with Emberger syndrome and newly diagnosed AML: A case report and literature review of invasive fungal infections in GATA2 deficiency. Mycoses 2023; 66:1029-1034. [PMID: 37550272 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in the gene encoding the GATA2 transcription factor can result in profound reductions of monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and B cells. GATA2 PVs are associated with an increased risk of myeloid malignancies and a predisposition to nontuberculous mycobacterial and human papillomavirus infections. Additionally, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have been reported in individuals with GATA2 PVs, even in the absence of myeloid malignancies. In this report, we present the case of a 40-year-old man with Emberger syndrome (GATA2 mutation, recently diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia [AML] and history of lymphedema with hearing loss) who developed Mucorales sinusitis while receiving his first course of remission induction chemotherapy. Additionally, we review the literature on all published cases of proven IFIs in patients with GATA2 PVs. Clinicians should be aware that patients with GATA2 PVs could be vulnerable to opportunistic IFIs, even in the absence of AML and antineoplastic therapy. Furthermore, the distinctly unusual occurrence of mucormycosis during the first course of induction chemotherapy for AML in our patient indicates that patients with germline GATA2 PVs receiving induction chemotherapy for AML might be at high risk for early onset of IFIs due to aggressive, opportunistic moulds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Takahiro Matsuo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sebastian Wurster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoheved Gerstein
- Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle E Hammond
- Department of Leukaemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly S Chien
- Department of Leukaemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- Department of Leukaemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Honkura Y, Katori Y, Hirano-Kawamoto A, Kawase T, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Murakami G, Abe H. Transient connection between the vestibular aqueduct and utricle: A study using sagittal sections of human embryonic heads. Ann Anat 2023; 250:152113. [PMID: 37301415 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aqeductus vestibuli (aqueduct) is believed to connect to the saccule in embryos and adults. However, in embryos, the saccule and utricle are known to communicate widely to provide a common endolymph space "atrium". METHODS Using sagittal histological sections from five embryos (crown-rump length or CRL, 14-21 mm), nine early fetuses (CRL 24-35 mm) and 12 midterm and near-term fetuses (CRL 82-272 mm), we revisited the development and growth of the human ear aqueduct. RESULTS The atrium took on a thick tube-like appearance as an antero-inferior continuation of the aqueduct, but soon divided into multiple gulfs. Most of the gulfs corresponded to the ampullae of semicircular ducts, while one gulf at the antero-medio-inferior corner corresponded to the future saccule. Notably, in eight of the 14 embryos and early fetuses, the aqueduct ended at the utricle near the primitive ampulla of the anterior (superior) or posterior semicircular duct. Conversely, an embryo of CRL 21 mm was the smallest specimen in which the aqueduct joined the gulf-like saccule. At midterm and near-term, the growing perilymph space separated the aqueduct from the utricle and appeared to push the aqueduct toward the saccule. A topographical change occurred between the embryonic superiorly located utricle and the inferiorly-located saccule to create the antero-posterior arrangement in adults. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, the vestibular end of the aqueduct was most likely to migrate anteriorly from the utricle to the saccule at 6-8 weeks possibly due to differential growth of the endothelium. Previous reconstructions of the embryonic aqueduct might be biased by the adult morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Honkura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yukio Katori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ai Hirano-Kawamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Kawase
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Cupid Clinic, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Emeritus professor of Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rajput RV, Arnold DE. GATA2 Deficiency: Predisposition to Myeloid Malignancy and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2023:10.1007/s11899-023-00695-7. [PMID: 37247092 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-023-00695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW GATA2 deficiency is a haploinsufficiency syndrome associated with a wide spectrum of disease, including severe monocytopenia and B and NK lymphopenia, predisposition to myeloid malignancies, human papillomavirus infections, and infections with opportunistic organisms, particularly nontuberculous mycobacteria, herpes virus, and certain fungi. GATA2 mutations have variable penetrance and expressivity with imperfect genotype-phenotype correlations. However, approximately 75% of patients will develop a myeloid neoplasm at some point. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only currently available curative therapy. Here, we review the clinical manifestations of GATA2 deficiency, characterization of the hematologic abnormalities and progression to myeloid malignancy, and current HCT practices and outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Cytogenetic abnormalities are common with high rates of trisomy 8, monosomy 7, and unbalanced translocation der(1;7) and may suggest an underlying GATA2 deficiency in patients presenting with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Mutations in ASXL1 and STAG2 are the most frequently encountered somatic mutations and are associated with lower survival probability. A recent report of 59 patients with GATA2 deficiency who underwent allogenic HCT with myeloablative, busulfan-based conditioning and post-transplant cyclophosphamide reported excellent overall and event-free survival of 85% and 82% with reversal of disease phenotype and low rates of graft versus host disease. Allogeneic HCT with myeloablative conditioning results in disease correction and should be considered for patients with a history of recurrent, disfiguring and/or severe infections, organ dysfunction, MDS with cytogenetic abnormalities, high-risk somatic mutations or transfusion dependence, or myeloid progression. Improved genotype/phenotype correlations are needed to allow for greater predictive capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roma V Rajput
- Hematology Branch, National Hematology, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Danielle E Arnold
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10-CRC, Room 1-5130, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
You D, Guo J, Zhang Y, Guo L, Lu X, Huang X, Sun S, Li H. The heterogeneity of mammalian utricular cells over the course of development. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1052. [PMID: 36178017 PMCID: PMC9523683 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inner ear organ is a delicate tissue consisting of hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs).The mammalian inner ear HCs are terminally differentiated cells that cannot spontaneously regenerate in adults. Epithelial non-hair cells (ENHCs) in the utricle include HC progenitors and SCs, and the progenitors share similar characteristics with SCs in the neonatal inner ear. METHODS We applied single-cell sequencing to whole mouse utricles from the neonatal period to adulthood, including samples from postnatal day (P)2, P7 and P30 mice. Furthermore, using transgenic mice and immunostaining, we traced the source of new HC generation. RESULTS We identified several sensory epithelial cell clusters and further found that new HCs arose mainly through differentiation from Sox9+ progenitor cells and that only a few cells were produced by mitotic proliferation in both neonatal and adult mouse utricles. In addition, we identified the proliferative cells using the marker UbcH10 and demonstrated that in adulthood the mitotically generated HCs were primarily found in the extrastriola. Moreover, we observed that not only Type II, but also Type I HCs could be regenerated by either mitotic cell proliferation or progenitor cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings expand our understanding of ENHC cell fate and the characteristics of the vestibular organs in mammals over the course of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan You
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yunzhong Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinsheng Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Perrard N, Pokeerbux MR, Quesnel B, Duployez N, Fenwarth L, Preudhomme C, Lefèvre G, Baillet C, Launay D, Terriou L. [GATA2 gene mutations: 3 cases]. Rev Med Interne 2022; 43:677-682. [PMID: 36041908 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heterozygous germline mutations of GATA2 gene (guanine-adenine-thymine-adenine binding protein 2) are hereditary mutations that can be pathogenic, sometimes occurring sporadically, responsible for a florid clinical-biological picture, sometimes serious and quickly leading to the death. CASE REPORTS We reported two women and one man with germline mutations in the GATA2 gene. The first patient, aged 19, initially presented with monocytopenia and chronic lymphedema of the four limbs, suggestive of Emberger syndrome. The second patient, 28-years-old, presented with a disseminated atypical mycobacterium (Mycobacterium kansasii) infection, raising suspicion of an immune deficiency such as MonoMAC syndrome (deficiency syndrome of dendritic cells, monocytes, B lymphocytes and NK cells). The last patient, 30-years-old, presented with pancytopenia, leading to the diagnosis of a family form of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia characterized by a mutation of the GATA2 gene. CONCLUSIONS Each case illustrates a typical clinical presentation of GATA2 deficiency, although the evolution of these syndromes ultimately reveals a complex, heterogeneous and intricate picture of hematological, dermatological, infectious, pulmonary, ENT or oncological symptoms. Mutations in the GATA2 gene remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the internist, and require multidisciplinary management given the florid picture that can be of interest to all specialties. The clinical spectrum of these GATA2 mutations as well as the latest management recommendations from the recent litterature and the "GATA2 club" are described in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Perrard
- U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, university Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, 59000 Lille, France; Département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Centre de référence des maladies autoimmunes et autoinflammatoires rares (CERAINO), 59000 Lille, France.
| | - M R Pokeerbux
- Service de médecine, clinique Sainte-Clotilde, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion
| | - B Quesnel
- Service des maladies du sang, CHU de Lille, Lille, France; U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - N Duployez
- U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - L Fenwarth
- U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Preudhomme
- U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - G Lefèvre
- U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, university Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, 59000 Lille, France; Département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Centre de référence des maladies autoimmunes et autoinflammatoires rares (CERAINO), 59000 Lille, France; Pôle de biologie-pathologie-génétique - institut d'immunologie, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Baillet
- Médecine nucléaire et imagerie fonctionnelle, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - D Launay
- U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, university Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, 59000 Lille, France; Département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Centre de référence des maladies autoimmunes et autoinflammatoires rares (CERAINO), 59000 Lille, France
| | - L Terriou
- U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, university Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, 59000 Lille, France; Département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Centre de référence des maladies autoimmunes et autoinflammatoires rares (CERAINO), 59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kirjavainen A, Singh P, Lahti L, Seja P, Lelkes Z, Makkonen A, Kilpinen S, Ono Y, Salminen M, Aitta-Aho T, Stenberg T, Molchanova S, Achim K, Partanen J. Gata2, Nkx2-2 and Skor2 form a transcription factor network regulating development of a midbrain GABAergic neuron subtype with characteristics of REM-sleep regulatory neurons. Development 2022; 149:275960. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The midbrain reticular formation (MRF) is a mosaic of diverse GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons that have been associated with a variety of functions, including sleep regulation. However, the molecular characteristics and development of MRF neurons are poorly understood. As the transcription factor, Gata2 is required for the development of all GABAergic neurons derived from the embryonic mouse midbrain, we hypothesized that the genes expressed downstream of Gata2 could contribute to the diversification of GABAergic neuron subtypes in this brain region. Here, we show that Gata2 is required for the expression of several GABAergic lineage-specific transcription factors, including Nkx2-2 and Skor2, which are co-expressed in a restricted group of post-mitotic GABAergic precursors in the MRF. Both Gata2 and Nkx2-2 function is required for Skor2 expression in GABAergic precursors. In the adult mouse and rat midbrain, Nkx2-2-and Skor2-expressing GABAergic neurons locate at the boundary of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and the MRF, an area containing REM-off neurons regulating REM sleep. In addition to the characteristic localization, Skor2+ cells increase their activity upon REM-sleep inhibition, send projections to the dorsolateral pons, a region associated with sleep control, and are responsive to orexins, consistent with the known properties of midbrain REM-off neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kirjavainen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Parul Singh
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Laura Lahti
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Patricia Seja
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Zoltan Lelkes
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 2 Department of Physiology, PO Box 63 , , Helsinki , Finland
- University of Szeged 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Aki Makkonen
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 4 Department of Pharmacology, PO Box 63 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sami Kilpinen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Yuichi Ono
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Integrated Cell Biology, KAN Research Institute 5 , 6-8-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Marjo Salminen
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 6 Department of Veterinary Biosciences, PO Box 66 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Teemu Aitta-Aho
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 4 Department of Pharmacology, PO Box 63 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tarja Stenberg
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 2 Department of Physiology, PO Box 63 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Svetlana Molchanova
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Kaia Achim
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Juha Partanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
- FIN00014-University of Helsinki 1 , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56 , , Helsinki , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fabozzi F, Mastronuzzi A, Ceglie G, Masetti R, Leardini D. GATA 2 Deficiency: Focus on Immune System Impairment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865773. [PMID: 35769478 PMCID: PMC9234111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA2 deficiency is a disease with a broad spectrum of clinical presentation, ranging from lymphedema, deafness, pulmonary dysfunction to miscarriage and urogenital anomalies, but it is mainly recognized as an immune system and bone marrow disorder. It is caused by various heterozygous mutations in the GATA2 gene, encoding for a zinc finger transcription factor with a key role for the development and maintenance of a pool of hematopoietic stem cells; notably, most of these mutations arise de novo. Patients carrying a mutated allele usually develop a loss of some cell populations, such as B-cell, dendritic cell, natural killer cell, and monocytes, and are predisposed to disseminated human papilloma virus and mycobacterial infections. Also, these patients have a predisposition to myeloid neoplasms, including myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. The age of symptoms onset can vary greatly even also within the same family, ranging from early childhood to late adulthood; incidence increases by age and most frequently clinical presentation is between the second and third decade of life. Currently, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation represents the only curative treatment, restoring both the hematopoietic and immune system function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fabozzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Fabozzi,
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ceglie
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Leardini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jørgensen SF, Buechner J, Myhre AE, Galteland E, Spetalen S, Kulseth MA, Sorte HS, Holla ØL, Lundman E, Alme C, Heier I, Flægstad T, Fløisand Y, Benneche A, Fevang B, Aukrust P, Stray-Pedersen A, Gedde-Dahl T, Nordøy I. A Nationwide Study of GATA2 Deficiency in Norway-the Majority of Patients Have Undergone Allo-HSCT. J Clin Immunol 2021; 42:404-420. [PMID: 34893945 PMCID: PMC8664000 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose GATA2 deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency that has become increasingly recognized due to improved molecular diagnostics and clinical awareness. The only cure for GATA2 deficiency is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The inconsistency of genotype–phenotype correlations makes the decision regarding “who and when” to transplant challenging. Despite considerable morbidity and mortality, the reported proportion of patients with GATA2 deficiency that has undergone allo-HSCT is low (~ 35%). The purpose of this study was to explore if detailed clinical, genetic, and bone marrow characteristics could predict end-point outcome, i.e., death and allo-HSCT. Methods All medical genetics departments in Norway were contacted to identify GATA2 deficient individuals. Clinical information, genetic variants, treatment, and outcome were subsequently retrieved from the patients’ medical records. Results Between 2013 and 2020, we identified 10 index cases or probands, four additional symptomatic patients, and no asymptomatic patients with germline GATA2 variants. These patients had a diverse clinical phenotype dominated by cytopenia (13/14), myeloid neoplasia (10/14), warts (8/14), and hearing loss (7/14). No valid genotype–phenotype correlations were found in our data set, and the phenotypes varied also within families. We found that 11/14 patients (79%), with known GATA2 deficiency, had already undergone allo-HSCT. In addition, one patient is awaiting allo-HSCT. The indications to perform allo-HSCT were myeloid neoplasia, disseminated viral infection, severe obliterating bronchiolitis, and/or HPV-associated in situ carcinoma. Two patients died, 8 months and 7 years after allo-HSCT, respectively. Conclusion Our main conclusion is that the majority of patients with symptomatic GATA2 deficiency will need allo-HSCT, and a close surveillance of these patients is important to find the “optimal window” for allo-HSCT. We advocate a more offensive approach to allo-HSCT than previously described. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-021-01189-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silje F Jørgensen
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. .,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jochen Buechner
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders E Myhre
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Galteland
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Signe Spetalen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Ann Kulseth
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne S Sorte
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein L Holla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - Emma Lundman
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotte Alme
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Heier
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Flægstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Yngvar Fløisand
- Department of Haematology, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Benneche
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Gedde-Dahl
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Nordøy
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fabozzi F, Strocchio L, Mastronuzzi A, Merli P. GATA2 and marrow failure. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2021; 34:101278. [PMID: 34404529 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2021.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
GATA2 gene encodes a zinc finger transcription factor crucial for normal hematopoiesis. Its haploinsufficiency, caused by a great variety of heterozygous loss-of-function mutations, underlies one of the most common causes of inherited bone marrow failure, recognized as GATA2 deficiency. Its phenotype is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, including: haematological malignancies; immunodeficiency leading to invasive viral, mycobacterial and fungal infections; recurrent warts; lymphedema; pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; deafness; and miscarriage. The onset of symptoms ranges from early childhood to late adulthood, more frequently between adolescence and early adulthood. The only curative treatment is allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), that can restore the function of both hematopoietic and immune system and prevent lung deterioration. Currently, there are no consensus guidelines about the management of patients affected by GATA2 deficiency, especially with regard to the optimal time to proceed to HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fabozzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Strocchio
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pietro Merli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miharada N, Rydström A, Rak J, Larsson J. Uncoupling key determinants of hematopoietic stem cell engraftment through cell-specific and temporally controlled recipient conditioning. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1705-1717. [PMID: 34171287 PMCID: PMC8282468 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are typically characterized by transplantation into irradiated hosts in a highly perturbed microenvironment. Here, we show that selective and temporally controlled depletion of resident HSCs through genetic deletion of Gata2 constitutes efficient recipient conditioning for transplantation without irradiation. Strikingly, we achieved robust engraftment of donor HSCs even when delaying Gata2 deletion until 4 weeks after transplantation, allowing homing and early localization to occur in a completely non-perturbed environment. When HSCs from the congenic strains Ly5.1 and Ly5.2 were competitively transplanted, we found that the more proliferative state of Ly5.2 HSCs was associated with superior long-term engraftment when using conditioning by standard irradiation, while higher CXCR4 expression and a better homing ability of Ly5.1 HSCs strongly favored the outcome in our inducible HSC depletion model. Thus, the mode and timing of recipient conditioning challenges distinct functional features of transplanted HSCs. Inducible gene deletion of Gata2 rapidly and selectively depletes the HSC pool Gata2 deletion constitutes efficient recipient conditioning for HSC transplantation The model enables detection of HSC engraftment in a non-perturbed microenvironment Transplantation without irradiation uniquely challenges homing properties of HSCs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Miharada
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rydström
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Justyna Rak
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beccacece L, Abondio P, Cilli E, Restani D, Luiselli D. Human Genomics and the Biocultural Origin of Music. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5397. [PMID: 34065521 PMCID: PMC8160972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Music is an exclusive feature of humankind. It can be considered as a form of universal communication, only partly comparable to the vocalizations of songbirds. Many trends of research in this field try to address music origins, as well as the genetic bases of musicality. On one hand, several hypotheses have been made on the evolution of music and its role, but there is still debate, and comparative studies suggest a gradual evolution of some abilities underlying musicality in primates. On the other hand, genome-wide studies highlight several genes associated with musical aptitude, confirming a genetic basis for different musical skills which humans show. Moreover, some genes associated with musicality are involved also in singing and song learning in songbirds, suggesting a likely evolutionary convergence between humans and songbirds. This comprehensive review aims at presenting the concept of music as a sociocultural manifestation within the current debate about its biocultural origin and evolutionary function, in the context of the most recent discoveries related to the cross-species genetics of musical production and perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paolo Abondio
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Cilli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna—Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (E.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Donatella Restani
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna—Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (E.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna—Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (E.C.); (D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaiser M, Wojahn I, Rudat C, Lüdtke TH, Christoffels VM, Moon A, Kispert A, Trowe MO. Regulation of otocyst patterning by Tbx2 and Tbx3 is required for inner ear morphogenesis in the mouse. Development 2021; 148:dev.195651. [PMID: 33795231 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
All epithelial components of the inner ear, including sensory hair cells and innervating afferent neurons, arise by patterning and differentiation of epithelial progenitors residing in a simple sphere, the otocyst. Here, we identify the transcriptional repressors TBX2 and TBX3 as novel regulators of these processes in the mouse. Ablation of Tbx2 from the otocyst led to cochlear hypoplasia, whereas loss of Tbx3 was associated with vestibular malformations. The loss of function of both genes (Tbx2/3cDKO) prevented inner ear morphogenesis at midgestation, resulting in indiscernible cochlear and vestibular structures at birth. Morphogenetic impairment occurred concomitantly with increased apoptosis in ventral and lateral regions of Tbx2/3cDKO otocysts around E10.5. Expression analyses revealed partly disturbed regionalisation, and a posterior-ventral expansion of the neurogenic domain in Tbx2/3cDKO otocysts at this stage. We provide evidence that repression of FGF signalling by TBX2 is important to restrict neurogenesis to the anterior-ventral otocyst and implicate another T-box factor, TBX1, as a crucial mediator in this regulatory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kaiser
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Irina Wojahn
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Rudat
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo H Lüdtke
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA 17822, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Trowe
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nakazawa H, Yamaguchi T, Sakai H, Maruyama M, Kawakami T, Kawakami F, Nishina S, Ishikawa M, Kosho T, Ishida F. A novel germline GATA2 frameshift mutation with a premature stop codon in a family with congenital sensory hearing loss and myelodysplastic syndrome. Int J Hematol 2021; 114:286-291. [PMID: 33759087 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
GATA2 is a zinc-finger transcription factor regulating early hematopoiesis and developmental processes. Heterozygous germline mutations in GATA2 underlie a pleiotropic autosomal dominant disorder, GATA2 deficiency syndrome. The wide spectrum of its clinical features involves familial predisposition to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiorgan dysfunction, including congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSHL). We herein report a pedigree with a novel germline frameshift mutation presenting as CSHL and familial MDS. The proband was a 46-year-old man, and his daughter also presented with an identical set of clinical syndromes. Target DNA sequencing identified a novel eight-nucleotide duplicative insertion at exon 5 (NM_032638.4:c.1126_1133dup:p.Lys378Asnfs*12) of the GATA2 gene. RT-PCR and subcloning analysis showed that the frameshift might result in a truncated mutation with an early stop codon without interfering with the predicted splice site. The predicted mutant protein had 388 amino acids and in silico analysis showed the variant was considered deleterious. This mutation was not detected in unaffected family members. Its deleterious effect is highly likely to have portended the familial MDS and CSHL in this pedigree. Genetic testing among suspected individuals may be warranted for adequate management, including timely transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakazawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 3908621, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Yamaguchi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 3908621, Japan
| | - Masae Maruyama
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kawakami
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 3908621, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kawakami
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 3908621, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nishina
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 3908621, Japan
| | - Masumi Ishikawa
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishida
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 3908621, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bruzzese A, Leardini D, Masetti R, Strocchio L, Girardi K, Algeri M, Del Baldo G, Locatelli F, Mastronuzzi A. GATA2 Related Conditions and Predisposition to Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102962. [PMID: 33066218 PMCID: PMC7602110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary GATA2 deficiency is considered one of the most common cancer predisposition syndromes determining myelodysplastic syndrome in children. Little is known of this recently described syndrome, often resulting in a misdiagnosis and unclear management. In this review, we describe GATA2 deficiency clinical presentation in order to focus on phenotypes that, in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, may be suggestive of GATA2 deficiency. Moreover, due to the lack of clear guidelines, we performed an overview on literature data regarding management of GATA2-related myelodysplastic syndrome, in order to understand the best choice of treatment for these patients. Abstract Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic disorders rare in childhood, often occurring in patients with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes or germinal predisposition syndromes. Among the latter, one of the most frequent involves the gene GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2), coding for a transcriptional regulator of hematopoiesis. The genetic lesion as well as the clinical phenotype are extremely variable; many patients present hematological malignancies, especially MDS with the possibility to evolve into acute myeloid leukemia. Variable immune dysfunction, especially resulting in B- and NK-cell lymphopenia, lead to severe infections, including generalized warts and mycobacterial infection. Defects of alveolar macrophages lead to pulmonary alveolar proteinosis through inadequate clearance of surfactant proteins. Currently, there are no clear guidelines for the monitoring and treatment of patients with GATA2 mutations. In patients with MDS, the only curative treatment is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that restores normal hematopoiesis preventing the progression to acute myeloid leukemia and clears long-standing infections. However, to date, the donor type, conditioning regimen, and the optimal time to proceed to HSCT, as well as the level of chimerism needed to reverse the phenotype, remain unclear highlighting the need for consensus guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bruzzese
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (K.G.); (M.A.); (G.D.B.); (F.L.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Davide Leardini
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Luisa Strocchio
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (K.G.); (M.A.); (G.D.B.); (F.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Katia Girardi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (K.G.); (M.A.); (G.D.B.); (F.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Mattia Algeri
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (K.G.); (M.A.); (G.D.B.); (F.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (K.G.); (M.A.); (G.D.B.); (F.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (K.G.); (M.A.); (G.D.B.); (F.L.); (A.M.)
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (K.G.); (M.A.); (G.D.B.); (F.L.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun H, Chen W, Wang J, Zhang L, Rossiter SJ, Mao X. Echolocation call frequency variation in horseshoe bats: molecular basis revealed by comparative transcriptomics. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200875. [PMID: 32900318 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently diverged taxa with contrasting phenotypes offer opportunities for unravelling the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in nature. Horseshoe bats are a speciose group that exhibit a derived form of high-duty cycle echolocation in which the inner ear is finely tuned to echoes of the narrowband call frequency. Here, by focusing on three recently diverged subspecies of the intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis) that display divergent echolocation call frequencies, we aim to identify candidate loci putatively involved in hearing frequency variation. We used de novo transcriptome sequencing of two mainland taxa (himalayanus and macrurus) and one island taxon (hainanus) to compare expression profiles of thousands of genes. By comparing taxa with divergent call frequencies (around 15 kHz difference), we identified 252 differentially expressed genes, of which six have been shown to be involved in hearing or deafness in human/mouse. To obtain further validation of these results, we applied quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to the candidate gene FBXL15 and found a broad association between the level of expression and call frequency across taxa. The genes identified here represent strong candidate loci associated with hearing frequency variation in bats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Sun
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Libiao Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Xiuguang Mao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang LM, Stout L, Rauchman M, Ornitz DM. Analysis of FGF20-regulated genes in organ of Corti progenitors by translating ribosome affinity purification. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1217-1242. [PMID: 32492250 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanisms that regulate hair cell (HC) differentiation in the organ of Corti (OC) is essential to designing genetic therapies for hearing loss due to HC loss or damage. We have previously identified Fibroblast Growth Factor 20 (FGF20) as having a key role in HC and supporting cell differentiation in the mouse OC. To investigate the genetic landscape regulated by FGF20 signaling in OC progenitors, we employ Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification combined with Next Generation RNA Sequencing (TRAPseq) in the Fgf20 lineage. RESULTS We show that TRAPseq targeting OC progenitors effectively enriched for RNA from this rare cell population. TRAPseq identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) downstream of FGF20, including Etv4, Etv5, Etv1, Dusp6, Hey1, Hey2, Heyl, Tectb, Fat3, Cpxm2, Sall1, Sall3, and cell cycle regulators such as Cdc20. Analysis of Cdc20 conditional-null mice identified decreased cochlea length, while analysis of Sall1-null and Sall1-ΔZn2-10 mice, which harbor a mutation that causes Townes-Brocks syndrome, identified a decrease in outer hair cell number. CONCLUSIONS We present two datasets: genes with enriched expression in OC progenitors, and DEGs downstream of FGF20 in the embryonic day 14.5 cochlea. We validate select DEGs via in situ hybridization and in vivo functional studies in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu M Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lisa Stout
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Rauchman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hoshino T, Terunuma T, Takai J, Uemura S, Nakamura Y, Hamada M, Takahashi S, Yamamoto M, Engel JD, Moriguchi T. Spiral ganglion cell degeneration-induced deafness as a consequence of reduced GATA factor activity. Genes Cells 2019; 24:534-545. [PMID: 31141264 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc-finger transcription factors GATA2 and GATA3 are both expressed in the developing inner ear, although their overlapping versus distinct activities in adult definitive inner ear are not well understood. We show here that GATA2 and GATA3 are co-expressed in cochlear spiral ganglion cells and redundantly function in the maintenance of spiral ganglion cells and auditory neural circuitry. Notably, Gata2 and Gata3 compound heterozygous mutant mice had a diminished number of spiral ganglion cells due to enhanced apoptosis, which resulted in progressive hearing loss. The decrease in spiral ganglion cellularity was associated with lowered expression of neurotrophin receptor TrkC that is an essential factor for spiral ganglion cell survival. We further show that Gata2 null mutants that additionally bear a Gata2 YAC (yeast artificial chromosome) that counteracts the lethal hematopoietic deficiency due to complete Gata2 loss nonetheless failed to complement the deficiency in neonatal spiral ganglion neurons. Furthermore, cochlea-specific Gata2 deletion mice also had fewer spiral ganglion cells and resultant hearing impairment. These results show that GATA2 and GATA3 redundantly function to maintain spiral ganglion cells and hearing. We propose possible mechanisms underlying hearing loss in human GATA2- or GATA3-related genetic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Hoshino
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Terunuma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun Takai
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uemura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michito Hamada
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Moriguchi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Different Materials for Plugging a Dehiscent Superior Semicircular Canal: A Comparative Histologic Study Using a Gerbil Model. Otol Neurotol 2019; 40:e532-e541. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Tremblay M, Sanchez-Ferras O, Bouchard M. GATA transcription factors in development and disease. Development 2018; 145:145/20/dev164384. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.164384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The GATA family of transcription factors is of crucial importance during embryonic development, playing complex and widespread roles in cell fate decisions and tissue morphogenesis. GATA proteins are essential for the development of tissues derived from all three germ layers, including the skin, brain, gonads, liver, hematopoietic, cardiovascular and urogenital systems. The crucial activity of GATA factors is underscored by the fact that inactivating mutations in most GATA members lead to embryonic lethality in mouse models and are often associated with developmental diseases in humans. In this Primer, we discuss the unique and redundant functions of GATA proteins in tissue morphogenesis, with an emphasis on their regulation of lineage specification and early organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Oraly Sanchez-Ferras
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Loss of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Factor GATA2 in the Osteogenic Lineage Impairs Trabecularization and Mechanical Strength of Bone. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00599-17. [PMID: 29581184 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00599-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA2 is required for expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), GATA2 blocks adipogenesis, but its biological relevance and underlying genomic events are unknown. We report a dual function of GATA2 in bone homeostasis. GATA2 in MSCs binds near genes involved in skeletal system development and colocalizes with motifs for FOX and HOX transcription factors, known regulators of skeletal development. Ectopic GATA2 blocks osteoblastogenesis by interfering with SMAD1/5/8 activation. MSC-specific deletion of GATA2 in mice increases the numbers and differentiation capacity of bone-derived precursors, resulting in elevated bone formation. Surprisingly, MSC-specific GATA2 deficiency impairs the trabecularization and mechanical strength of bone, involving reduced MSC expression of the osteoclast inhibitor osteoprotegerin and increased osteoclast numbers. Thus, GATA2 affects bone turnover via MSC-autonomous and indirect effects. By regulating bone trabecularization, GATA2 expression in the osteogenic lineage may contribute to the anatomical and cellular microenvironment of the HSC niche required for hematopoiesis.
Collapse
|
24
|
McReynolds LJ, Calvo KR, Holland SM. Germline GATA2 Mutation and Bone Marrow Failure. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2018; 32:713-728. [PMID: 30047422 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GATA2 deficiency is an immunodeficiency and bone marrow failure disorder caused by pathogenic variants in GATA2. It is inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern or can be due to de novo sporadic germline mutation. Patients commonly have B-cell, dendritic cell, natural killer cell, and monocytopenias, and are predisposed to myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Patients may suffer from disseminated human papilloma virus and mycobacterial infections, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and lymphedema. The bone marrow eventually takes on a characteristic hypocellular myelodysplasia with loss of monocytes and hematogones, megakaryocytes with separated nuclear lobes, micromegakaryocytes, and megakaryocytes with hypolobated nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J McReynolds
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pichol-Thievend C, Betterman KL, Liu X, Ma W, Skoczylas R, Lesieur E, Bos FL, Schulte D, Schulte-Merker S, Hogan BM, Oliver G, Harvey NL, Francois M. A blood capillary plexus-derived population of progenitor cells contributes to genesis of the dermal lymphatic vasculature during embryonic development. Development 2018; 145:145/10/dev160184. [PMID: 29773646 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the essential role of the lymphatic vasculature in tissue homeostasis and disease, knowledge of the organ-specific origins of lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells remains limited. The assumption that most murine embryonic lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are venous derived has recently been challenged. Here, we show that the embryonic dermal blood capillary plexus constitutes an additional, local source of LECs that contributes to the formation of the dermal lymphatic vascular network. We describe a novel mechanism whereby rare PROX1-positive endothelial cells exit the capillary plexus in a Ccbe1-dependent manner to establish discrete LEC clusters. As development proceeds, these clusters expand and further contribute to the growing lymphatic system. Lineage tracing and analyses of Gata2-deficient mice confirmed that these clusters are endothelial in origin. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Vegfc in the vasculature increased the number of PROX1-positive progenitors within the capillary bed. Our work reveals a novel source of lymphatic endothelial progenitors employed during construction of the dermal lymphatic vasculature and demonstrates that the blood vasculature is likely to remain an ongoing source of LECs during organogenesis, raising the question of whether a similar mechanism operates during pathological lymphangiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Pichol-Thievend
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kelly L Betterman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wanshu Ma
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Renae Skoczylas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Lesieur
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Frank L Bos
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Dorte Schulte
- University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster and CiM Cluster of Excellence, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster and CiM Cluster of Excellence, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Y, Guo L, Lu X, Cheng C, Sun S, Li W, Zhao L, Lai C, Zhang S, Yu C, Tang M, Chen Y, Chai R, Li H. Characterization of Lgr6+ Cells as an Enriched Population of Hair Cell Progenitors Compared to Lgr5+ Cells for Hair Cell Generation in the Neonatal Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:147. [PMID: 29867341 PMCID: PMC5961437 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) loss is irreversible because only very limited HC regeneration has been observed in the adult mammalian cochlea. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates prosensory cell proliferation and differentiation during cochlear development, and Wnt activation promotes the proliferation of Lgr5+ cochlear HC progenitors in newborn mice. Similar to Lgr5, Lgr6 is also a Wnt downstream target gene. Lgr6 is reported to be present in adult stem cells in the skin, nail, tongue, lung, and mammary gland, and this protein is very important for adult stem cell maintenance in rapidly proliferating organs. Our previous studies showed that Lgr6+ cells are a subpopulation of Lgr5+ progenitor cells and that both Lgr6+ and Lgr5+ progenitors can generate Myosin7a+ HCs in vitro. Thus we hypothesized that Lgr6+ cells are an enriched population of cochlear progenitor cells. However, the detailed distinctions between the Lgr5+ and Lgr6+ progenitors are unclear. Here, we systematically compared the proliferation, HC differentiation, and detailed transcriptome expression profiles of these two progenitor populations. We found that the same number of isolated Lgr6+ progenitors generated significantly more Myosin7a+ HCs compared to Lgr5+ progenitors; however, Lgr5+ progenitors formed more epithelial colonies and more spheres than Lgr6+ progenitors in vitro. Using RNA-Seq, we compared the transcriptome differences between Lgr5+ and Lgr6+ progenitors and identified a list of significantly differential expressed genes that might regulate the proliferation and differentiation of these HC progenitors, including 4 cell cycle genes, 9 cell signaling pathway genes, and 54 transcription factors. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Lgr6+ progenitors are an enriched population of inner ear progenitors that generate more HCs compared to Lgr5+ progenitors in the newborn mouse cochlea, and the our research provides a series of genes that might regulate the proliferation of progenitors and HC generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuijin Lai
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline Laboratory, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Cochlear Implant, Shanghai, China.,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zawawi F, Sokolov M, Mawby T, Gordon KA, Papsin BC, Cushing SL. Emberger syndrome: A rare association with hearing loss. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 108:82-84. [PMID: 29605372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Emberger Syndrome (ES) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by lymphedema and myelodysplasia. It is also associated with hearing loss. The genetic mutations associated with ES are not part of the comprehensive 80 gene next generation sequencing (NGS) panel. As a result, the otolaryngologist should maintain an index of suspicion for ES in any child with SNHL who presents repeatedly with recurrent infections, lymphedema and/or cutaneous warts. This paper describes the clinical evolution and management of two children who were followed up for hearing loss and eventually were diagnosed with ES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zawawi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Meirav Sokolov
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada; Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Thomas Mawby
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Karen A Gordon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada; Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada; Department of Communication Disorders, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Blake C Papsin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada; Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sharon L Cushing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada; Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Frye M, Taddei A, Dierkes C, Martinez-Corral I, Fielden M, Ortsäter H, Kazenwadel J, Calado DP, Ostergaard P, Salminen M, He L, Harvey NL, Kiefer F, Mäkinen T. Matrix stiffness controls lymphatic vessel formation through regulation of a GATA2-dependent transcriptional program. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1511. [PMID: 29666442 PMCID: PMC5904183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue and vessel wall stiffening alters endothelial cell properties and contributes to vascular dysfunction. However, whether extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness impacts vascular development is not known. Here we show that matrix stiffness controls lymphatic vascular morphogenesis. Atomic force microscopy measurements in mouse embryos reveal that venous lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) progenitors experience a decrease in substrate stiffness upon migration out of the cardinal vein, which induces a GATA2-dependent transcriptional program required to form the first lymphatic vessels. Transcriptome analysis shows that LECs grown on a soft matrix exhibit increased GATA2 expression and a GATA2-dependent upregulation of genes involved in cell migration and lymphangiogenesis, including VEGFR3. Analyses of mouse models demonstrate a cell-autonomous function of GATA2 in regulating LEC responsiveness to VEGF-C and in controlling LEC migration and sprouting in vivo. Our study thus uncovers a mechanism by which ECM stiffness dictates the migratory behavior of LECs during early lymphatic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Frye
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Taddei
- Immunity and Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW11AT, London, UK
| | - Cathrin Dierkes
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthew Fielden
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Kazenwadel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, SA5000, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinis P Calado
- Immunity and Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW11AT, London, UK
| | - Pia Ostergaard
- Lymphovascular Research Unit, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, SW170RE, London, UK
| | - Marjo Salminen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, SA5000, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Järvelä I. Genomics studies on musical aptitude, music perception, and practice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1423:82-91. [PMID: 29570792 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
When searching for genetic markers inherited together with musical aptitude, genes affecting inner ear development and brain function were identified. The alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA), located in the most significant linkage region of musical aptitude, was overexpressed when listening and performing music. The GATA-binding protein 2 gene (GATA2) was located in the best associated region of musical aptitude and regulates SNCA in dopaminergic neurons, thus linking DNA- and RNA-based studies of music-related traits together. In addition to SNCA, several other genes were linked to dopamine metabolism. Mutations in SNCA predispose to Lewy-body dementia and cause Parkinson disease in humans and affect song production in songbirds. Several other birdsong genes were found in transcriptome analysis, suggesting a common evolutionary background of sound perception and production in humans and songbirds. Regions of positive selection with musical aptitude contained genes affecting auditory perception, cognitive performance, memory, human language development, and song perception and production of songbirds. The data support the role of dopaminergic pathway and their link to the reward mechanism as a molecular determinant in positive selection of music. Integration of gene-level data from the literature across multiple species prioritized activity-dependent immediate early genes as candidate genes in musical aptitude and listening to and performing music.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Järvelä
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The GATA2 gene codes for a master hematopoietic transcription factor that is essential for the proliferation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Heterozygous germline mutations in GATA2 have been initially associated with several clinical entities that are now collectively defined as GATA2 deficiency. Despite pleiotropic clinical manifestations, the high propensity for the development of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) constitutes the most common clinical denominator of this major MDS predisposition syndrome. The immunological phenotypes can be variable and mostly include deficiency of monocytes and/or B cells. Thus far, nearly 380 GATA2-deficient patients had been reported, with a roughly estimated prevalence of myeloid neoplasia of at least 75%. The most common abnormal karyotypes associated with GATA2-related MDS are monosomy 7, der(1;7) and trisomy 8. The overall clinical penetrance seems to be nearly complete for this transcriptopathy disorder. The high-risk MDS subtypes and karyotypes, and the underlying immunodeficiency guide decision-making toward timely stem cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Hirabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's InternationalHospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1048560, Japan.
| | - Marcin W Wlodarski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emilia Kozyra
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cheng C, Guo L, Lu L, Xu X, Zhang S, Gao J, Waqas M, Zhu C, Chen Y, Zhang X, Xuan C, Gao X, Tang M, Chen F, Shi H, Li H, Chai R. Characterization of the Transcriptomes of Lgr5+ Hair Cell Progenitors and Lgr5- Supporting Cells in the Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:122. [PMID: 28491023 PMCID: PMC5405134 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear supporting cells (SCs) have been shown to be a promising resource for hair cell (HC) regeneration in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Previous studies have reported that Lgr5+ SCs can regenerate HCs both in vitro and in vivo and thus are considered to be inner ear progenitor cells. Lgr5+ progenitors are able to regenerate more HCs than Lgr5- SCs, and it is important to understand the mechanism behind the proliferation and HC regeneration of these progenitors. Here, we isolated Lgr5+ progenitors and Lgr5- SCs from Lgr5-EGFP-CreERT2/Sox2-CreERT2/Rosa26-tdTomato mice via flow cytometry. As expected, we found that Lgr5+ progenitors had significantly higher proliferation and HC regeneration ability than Lgr5- SCs. Next, we performed RNA-Seq to determine the gene expression profiles of Lgr5+ progenitors and Lgr5- SCs. We analyzed the genes that were enriched and differentially expressed in Lgr5+ progenitors and Lgr5- SCs, and we found 8 cell cycle genes, 9 transcription factors, and 24 cell signaling pathway genes that were uniquely expressed in one population but not the other. Last, we made a protein–protein interaction network to further analyze the role of these differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, we present a set of genes that might regulate the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of Lgr5+ progenitors, and these might serve as potential new therapeutic targets for HC regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| | - Luo Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - ShaSha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, Saint Louis University, St. LouisMO, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and TechnologyGulshan-e-Iqbal, Pakistan
| | - Chengwen Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Chuanying Xuan
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear ImplantShanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Haugas M, Tikker L, Achim K, Salminen M, Partanen J. Gata2 and Gata3 regulate the differentiation of serotonergic and glutamatergic neuron subtypes of the dorsal raphe. Development 2016; 143:4495-4508. [PMID: 27789623 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Serotonergic and glutamatergic neurons of the dorsal raphe regulate many brain functions and are important for mental health. Their functional diversity is based on molecularly distinct subtypes; however, the development of this heterogeneity is poorly understood. We show that the ventral neuroepithelium of mouse anterior hindbrain is divided into specific subdomains giving rise to serotonergic neurons as well as other types of neurons and glia. The newly born serotonergic precursors are segregated into distinct subpopulations expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (Vglut3) or serotonin transporter (Sert). These populations differ in their requirements for transcription factors Gata2 and Gata3, which are activated in the post-mitotic precursors. Gata2 operates upstream of Gata3 as a cell fate selector in both populations, whereas Gata3 is important for the differentiation of the Sert+ precursors and for the serotonergic identity of the Vglut3+ precursors. Similar to the serotonergic neurons, the Vglut3-expressing glutamatergic neurons, located in the central dorsal raphe, are derived from neural progenitors in the ventral hindbrain and express Pet1 Furthermore, both Gata2 and Gata3 are redundantly required for their differentiation. Our study demonstrates lineage relationships of the dorsal raphe neurons and suggests that functionally significant heterogeneity of these neurons is established early during their differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarja Haugas
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Tikker
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaia Achim
- EMBL Developmental Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Marjo Salminen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, P.O. Box 66, Agnes Sjobergin katu 2, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Partanen
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Billing M, Rörby E, May G, Tipping AJ, Soneji S, Brown J, Salminen M, Karlsson G, Enver T, Karlsson S. A network including TGFβ/Smad4, Gata2, and p57 regulates proliferation of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:399-409.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
34
|
Abstract
Gata2 is a zinc finger transcription factor that is important in hematopoiesis and neuronal development. However, the roles of Gata2 in the mesenchymal lineages are poorly understood. In vitro studies suggest that Gata2 modulates adipocyte differentiation and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation. To systematically determine the in vivo functions of Gata2 in the MSC lineage commitment and development, we have generated three mouse models in which Gata2 is specifically deleted in MSCs, adipocytes, or osteoblasts. During the MSC expansion stage, Gata2 promotes proliferation and attenuates differentiation; thereby Gata2 loss in MSCs results in enhanced differentiation of both adipocytes and osteoblasts. During the differentiation stage, Gata2 also plays MSC-independent roles to impede lineage commitment; hence, Gata2 loss in adipocyte or osteoblast lineages also augments adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, respectively. These findings reveal Gata2 as a crucial rheostat of MSC fate to control osteoblast and adipocyte lineage development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology (X.L., H.H., H.Z., Y.W.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (M.S.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - HoangDinh Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology (X.L., H.H., H.Z., Y.W.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (M.S.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hao Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology (X.L., H.H., H.Z., Y.W.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (M.S.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marjo Salminen
- Department of Pharmacology (X.L., H.H., H.Z., Y.W.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (M.S.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology (X.L., H.H., H.Z., Y.W.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (M.S.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kazenwadel J, Betterman KL, Chong CE, Stokes PH, Lee YK, Secker GA, Agalarov Y, Demir CS, Lawrence DM, Sutton DL, Tabruyn SP, Miura N, Salminen M, Petrova TV, Matthews JM, Hahn CN, Scott HS, Harvey NL. GATA2 is required for lymphatic vessel valve development and maintenance. J Clin Invest 2015. [PMID: 26214525 DOI: 10.1172/jci78888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous germline mutations in the zinc finger transcription factor GATA2 have recently been shown to underlie a range of clinical phenotypes, including Emberger syndrome, a disorder characterized by lymphedema and predisposition to myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML). Despite well-defined roles in hematopoiesis, the functions of GATA2 in the lymphatic vasculature and the mechanisms by which GATA2 mutations result in lymphedema have not been characterized. Here, we have provided a molecular explanation for lymphedema predisposition in a subset of patients with germline GATA2 mutations. Specifically, we demonstrated that Emberger-associated GATA2 missense mutations result in complete loss of GATA2 function, with respect to the capacity to regulate the transcription of genes that are important for lymphatic vessel valve development. We identified a putative enhancer element upstream of the key lymphatic transcriptional regulator PROX1 that is bound by GATA2, and the transcription factors FOXC2 and NFATC1. Emberger GATA2 missense mutants had a profoundly reduced capacity to bind this element. Conditional Gata2 deletion in mice revealed that GATA2 is required for both development and maintenance of lymphovenous and lymphatic vessel valves. Together, our data unveil essential roles for GATA2 in the lymphatic vasculature and explain why a select catalogue of human GATA2 mutations results in lymphedema.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Heterozygous familial or sporadic GATA2 mutations cause a multifaceted disorder, encompassing susceptibility to infection, pulmonary dysfunction, autoimmunity, lymphoedema and malignancy. Although often healthy in childhood, carriers of defective GATA2 alleles develop progressive loss of mononuclear cells (dendritic cells, monocytes, B and Natural Killer lymphocytes), elevated FLT3 ligand, and a 90% risk of clinical complications, including progression to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by 60 years of age. Premature death may occur from childhood due to infection, pulmonary dysfunction, solid malignancy and MDS/acute myeloid leukaemia. GATA2 mutations include frameshifts, amino acid substitutions, insertions and deletions scattered throughout the gene but concentrated in the region encoding the two zinc finger domains. Mutations appear to cause haplo-insufficiency, which is known to impair haematopoietic stem cell survival in animal models. Management includes genetic counselling, prevention of infection, cancer surveillance, haematopoietic monitoring and, ultimately, stem cell transplantation upon the development of MDS or another life-threatening complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Collin
- Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oikkonen J, Huang Y, Onkamo P, Ukkola-Vuoti L, Raijas P, Karma K, Vieland VJ, Järvelä I. A genome-wide linkage and association study of musical aptitude identifies loci containing genes related to inner ear development and neurocognitive functions. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:275-82. [PMID: 24614497 PMCID: PMC4259854 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans have developed the perception, production and processing of sounds into the art of music. A genetic contribution to these skills of musical aptitude has long been suggested. We performed a genome-wide scan in 76 pedigrees (767 individuals) characterized for the ability to discriminate pitch (SP), duration (ST) and sound patterns (KMT), which are primary capacities for music perception. Using the Bayesian linkage and association approach implemented in program package KELVIN, especially designed for complex pedigrees, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near genes affecting the functions of the auditory pathway and neurocognitive processes were identified. The strongest association was found at 3q21.3 (rs9854612) with combined SP, ST and KMT test scores (COMB). This region is located a few dozen kilobases upstream of the GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) gene. GATA2 regulates the development of cochlear hair cells and the inferior colliculus (IC), which are important in tonotopic mapping. The highest probability of linkage was obtained for phenotype SP at 4p14, located next to the region harboring the protocadherin 7 gene, PCDH7. Two SNPs rs13146789 and rs13109270 of PCDH7 showed strong association. PCDH7 has been suggested to play a role in cochlear and amygdaloid complexes. Functional class analysis showed that inner ear and schizophrenia-related genes were enriched inside the linked regions. This study is the first to show the importance of auditory pathway genes in musical aptitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Oikkonen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki
| | - Y. Huang
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital & The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43215, USA
| | - P. Onkamo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki
| | - L. Ukkola-Vuoti
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. Raijas
- DocMus Department, University of the Arts Helsinki, P.O. Box 86, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Karma
- DocMus Department, University of the Arts Helsinki, P.O. Box 86, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - V. J. Vieland
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital & The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43215, USA
| | - I. Järvelä
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
A woman with warts, leg swelling, and deafness. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 71:577-80. [PMID: 25128101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
KEY TEACHING POINTS • We describe a 45-year-old woman with GATA2 deficiency associated with verrucae, lymphedema, immunodeficiency, and a history of infections and skin cancer. • GATA2 deficiency has variable clinical expressivity with differing presentations, including infection, hematopoietic abnormalities, immunodeficiency, lymphedema, and cancer. • Cutaneous manifestations include verruca vulgaris, soft tissue infections, lymphedema, and panniculitis. • Patients may have verrucae that can progress to squamous cell carcinomas; dermatologists therefore play an important role in managing these patients as members of a multidisciplinary team.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lahti L, Haugas M, Tikker L, Airavaara M, Voutilainen MH, Anttila J, Kumar S, Inkinen C, Salminen M, Partanen J. Differentiation and molecular heterogeneity of inhibitory and excitatory neurons associated with midbrain dopaminergic nuclei. Development 2015; 143:516-29. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.129957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Local inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic neurons are important for midbrain dopaminergic and hindbrain serotonergic pathways controlling motivation, mood, and voluntary movements. Such neurons reside both within the dopaminergic nuclei, and in adjacent brain structures, including the rostromedial and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei. Compared to the monoaminergic neurons, the development, heterogeneity, and molecular characteristics of these regulatory neurons are poorly understood. We show here that different GABAergic and glutamatergic subgroups associated with the monoaminergic nuclei express specific transcription factors. These neurons share common origins in the ventrolateral rhombomere 1, where postmitotic selector genes Tal1, Gata2, and Gata3 control the balance between the generation of inhibitory and excitatory neurons. In the absence of Tal1, or both Gata2 and Gata3, the GABAergic precursors adopt glutamatergic fates and populate the glutamatergic nuclei in excessive numbers. Together, our results uncover developmental regulatory mechanisms, molecular characteristics, and heterogeneity of central regulators of monoaminergic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lahti
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarja Haugas
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Tikker
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja H. Voutilainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Anttila
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suman Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caisa Inkinen
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Salminen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Partanen
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Francius C, Ravassard P, Hidalgo-Figueroa M, Mallet J, Clotman F, Nardelli J. Genetic dissection of Gata2 selective functions during specification of V2 interneurons in the developing spinal cord. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:721-37. [PMID: 25369423 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Motor activities are controlled by neural networks in the ventral spinal cord and consist in motor neurons and a set of distinct cardinal classes of spinal interneurons. These interneurons arise from distinct progenitor domains (p0-p3) delineated according to a transcriptional code. Neural progenitors of each domain express a unique combination of transcription factors (TFs) that largely contribute to determine the fate of four classes of interneurons (V0-V3) and motor neurons. In p2 domain, at least four subtypes of interneurons namely V2a, V2b, V2c, and Pax6(+) V2 are generated. Although genetic and molecular mechanisms that specify V2a and V2b are dependent on complex interplay between several TFs including Nkx6.1, Irx3, Gata2, Foxn4, and Ascl1, and signaling pathways such as Notch and TGF-β, the sequence order of the activation of these regulators and their respective contribution are not completely elucidated yet. Here, we provide evidence by loss- or gain-of-function experiments that Gata2 is necessary for the normal development of both V2a and V2b neurons. We demonstrate that Nkx6.1 and Dll4 positively regulate the activation of Gata2 and Foxn4 in p2 progenitors. Gata2 also participates in the maintenance of p2 domain by repressing motor neuron differentiation and exerting a feedback control on patterning genes. Finally, Gata2 promotes the selective activation of V2b program at the expense of V2a fate. Thus our results provide new insights on the hierarchy and complex interactions between regulators of V2 genetic program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Francius
- CRICM, UPMC/Inserm UMR_S 975; CNRS UMR 7225, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Biotherapie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CERVI, 83 bd de l'Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Neural Differentiation (NEDI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), box UCL-5511, 55 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- CRICM, UPMC/Inserm UMR_S 975; CNRS UMR 7225, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Biotherapie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CERVI, 83 bd de l'Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - María Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation (NEDI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), box UCL-5511, 55 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Mallet
- CRICM, UPMC/Inserm UMR_S 975; CNRS UMR 7225, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Biotherapie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CERVI, 83 bd de l'Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Clotman
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation (NEDI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), box UCL-5511, 55 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeannette Nardelli
- CRICM, UPMC/Inserm UMR_S 975; CNRS UMR 7225, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Biotherapie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CERVI, 83 bd de l'Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,Inserm U676, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 bd Serurier, F-75019, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Oikkonen
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Irma Järvelä
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tan YT, McPherson GE, Peretz I, Berkovic SF, Wilson SJ. The genetic basis of music ability. Front Psychol 2014; 5:658. [PMID: 25018744 PMCID: PMC4073543 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Music is an integral part of the cultural heritage of all known human societies, with the capacity for music perception and production present in most people. Researchers generally agree that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the broader realization of music ability, with the degree of music aptitude varying, not only from individual to individual, but across various components of music ability within the same individual. While environmental factors influencing music development and expertise have been well investigated in the psychological and music literature, the interrogation of possible genetic influences has not progressed at the same rate. Recent advances in genetic research offer fertile ground for exploring the genetic basis of music ability. This paper begins with a brief overview of behavioral and molecular genetic approaches commonly used in human genetic analyses, and then critically reviews the key findings of genetic investigations of the components of music ability. Some promising and converging findings have emerged, with several loci on chromosome 4 implicated in singing and music perception, and certain loci on chromosome 8q implicated in absolute pitch and music perception. The gene AVPR1A on chromosome 12q has also been implicated in music perception, music memory, and music listening, whereas SLC6A4 on chromosome 17q has been associated with music memory and choir participation. Replication of these results in alternate populations and with larger samples is warranted to confirm the findings. Through increased research efforts, a clearer picture of the genetic mechanisms underpinning music ability will hopefully emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ting Tan
- Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary E McPherson
- Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabelle Peretz
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research and Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne Heidelberg, VIC, Australia ; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA2 underlies monocytopenia and mycobacterial infections; dendritic cell, monocyte, B, and natural killer (NK) lymphoid deficiency; familial myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML); and Emberger syndrome (primary lymphedema with MDS). A comprehensive examination of the clinical features of GATA2 deficiency is currently lacking. We reviewed the medical records of 57 patients with GATA2 deficiency evaluated at the National Institutes of Health from January 1, 1992, to March 1, 2013, and categorized mutations as missense, null, or regulatory to identify genotype-phenotype associations. We identified a broad spectrum of disease: hematologic (MDS 84%, AML 14%, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia 8%), infectious (severe viral 70%, disseminated mycobacterial 53%, and invasive fungal infections 16%), pulmonary (diffusion 79% and ventilatory defects 63%, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 18%, pulmonary arterial hypertension 9%), dermatologic (warts 53%, panniculitis 30%), neoplastic (human papillomavirus+ tumors 35%, Epstein-Barr virus+ tumors 4%), vascular/lymphatic (venous thrombosis 25%, lymphedema 11%), sensorineural hearing loss 76%, miscarriage 33%, and hypothyroidism 14%. Viral infections and lymphedema were more common in individuals with null mutations (P = .038 and P = .006, respectively). Monocytopenia, B, NK, and CD4 lymphocytopenia correlated with the presence of disease (P < .001). GATA2 deficiency unites susceptibility to MDS/AML, immunodeficiency, pulmonary disease, and vascular/lymphatic dysfunction. Early genetic diagnosis is critical to direct clinical management, preventive care, and family screening.
Collapse
|
44
|
Achim K, Peltopuro P, Lahti L, Tsai HH, Zachariah A, Astrand M, Salminen M, Rowitch D, Partanen J. The role of Tal2 and Tal1 in the differentiation of midbrain GABAergic neuron precursors. Biol Open 2013; 2:990-7. [PMID: 24167708 PMCID: PMC3798194 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20135041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain- and hindbrain-derived GABAergic interneurons are critical for regulation of sleep, respiratory, sensory-motor and motivational processes, and they are implicated in human neurological disorders. However, the precise mechanisms that underlie generation of GABAergic neuron diversity in the midbrain–hindbrain region are poorly understood. Here, we show unique and overlapping requirements for the related bHLH proteins Tal1 and Tal2 in GABAergic neurogenesis in the midbrain. We show that Tal2 and Tal1 are specifically and sequentially activated during midbrain GABAergic neurogenesis. Similar to Gata2, a post-mitotic selector of the midbrain GABAergic neuron identity, Tal2 expression is activated very early during GABAergic neuron differentiation. Although the expression of Tal2 and Gata2 genes are independent of each other, Tal2 is important for normal midbrain GABAergic neurogenesis, possibly as a partner of Gata2. In the absence of Tal2, the majority of midbrain GABAergic neurons switch to a glutamatergic-like phenotype. In contrast, Tal1 expression is activated in a Gata2 and Tal2 dependent fashion in the more mature midbrain GABAergic neuron precursors, but Tal1 alone is not required for GABAergic neuron differentiation from the midbrain neuroepithelium. However, inactivation of both Tal2 and Tal1 in the developing midbrain suggests that the two factors co-operate to guide GABAergic neuron differentiation in a specific ventro-lateral midbrain domain. The observed similarities and differences between Tal1/Tal2 and Gata2 mutants suggest both co-operative and unique roles for these factors in determination of midbrain GABAergic neuron identities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Achim
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, FIN00014-University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gata3 directly regulates early inner ear expression of Fgf10. Dev Biol 2013; 374:210-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
46
|
Virolainen SM, Achim K, Peltopuro P, Salminen M, Partanen J. Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying the GABAergic neuron fate in different diencephalic prosomeres. Development 2012; 139:3795-805. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.075192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diverse mechanisms regulate development of GABAergic neurons in different regions of the central nervous system. We have addressed the roles of a proneural gene, Ascl1, and a postmitotic selector gene, Gata2, in the differentiation of GABAergic neuron subpopulations in three diencephalic prosomeres: prethalamus (P3), thalamus (P2) and pretectum (P1). Although the different proliferative progenitor populations of GABAergic neurons commonly express Ascl1, they have distinct requirements for it in promotion of cell-cycle exit and GABAergic neuron identity. Subsequently, Gata2 is activated as postmitotic GABAergic precursors are born. In P1, Gata2 regulates the neurotransmitter identity by promoting GABAergic and inhibiting glutamatergic neuron differentiation. Interestingly, Gata2 defines instead the subtype of GABAergic neurons in the rostral thalamus (pTh-R), which is a subpopulation of P2. Without Gata2, the GABAergic precursors born in the pTh-R fail to activate subtype-specific markers, but start to express genes typical of GABAergic precursors in the neighbouring P3 domain. Thus, our results demonstrate diverse mechanisms regulating differentiation of GABAergic neuron subpopulations and suggest a role for Gata2 as a selector gene of both GABAergic neuron neurotransmitter and prosomere subtype identities in the developing diencephalon. Our results demonstrate for the first time that neuronal identities between distinct prosomeres can still be transformed in postmitotic neuronal precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sini-Maaria Virolainen
- Department of Biosciences and Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, PO Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaia Achim
- Department of Biosciences and Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, PO Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Peltopuro
- Department of Biosciences and Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, PO Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Salminen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, P.O. Box 66, Agnes Sjobergin katu 2, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Partanen
- Department of Biosciences and Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, PO Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cox BC, Liu Z, Lagarde MMM, Zuo J. Conditional gene expression in the mouse inner ear using Cre-loxP. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2012; 13:295-322. [PMID: 22526732 PMCID: PMC3346893 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-012-0324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant progress in the use of Cre-loxP technology for conditional gene expression in the inner ear. Here, we introduce the basic concepts of this powerful technology, emphasizing the differences between Cre and CreER. We describe the creation and Cre expression pattern of each Cre and CreER mouse line that has been reported to have expression in auditory and vestibular organs. We compare the Cre expression patterns between Atoh1-CreER(TM) and Atoh1-CreER(T2) and report a new line, Fgfr3-iCreER(T2), which displays inducible Cre activity in cochlear supporting cells. We also explain how results can vary when transgenic vs. knock-in Cre/CreER alleles are used to alter gene expression. We discuss practical issues that arise when using the Cre-loxP system, such as the use of proper controls, Cre efficiency, reporter expression efficiency, and Cre leakiness. Finally, we introduce other methods for conditional gene expression, including Flp recombinase and the tetracycline-inducible system, which can be combined with Cre-loxP mouse models to investigate conditional expression of more than one gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C. Cox
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Marcia M. Mellado Lagarde
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Achim K, Peltopuro P, Lahti L, Li J, Salminen M, Partanen J. Distinct developmental origins and regulatory mechanisms for GABAergic neurons associated with dopaminergic nuclei in the ventral mesodiencephalic region. Development 2012; 139:2360-70. [PMID: 22627282 DOI: 10.1242/dev.076380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
GABAergic neurons in the ventral mesodiencephalic region are highly important for the function of dopaminergic pathways that regulate multiple aspects of behavior. However, development of these neurons is poorly understood. We recently showed that molecular regulation of differentiation of the GABAergic neurons associated with the dopaminergic nuclei in the ventral midbrain (VTA and SNpr) is distinct from the rest of midbrain, but the reason for this difference remained elusive. Here, we have analyzed the developmental origin of the VTA and SNpr GABAergic neurons by genetic fate mapping. We demonstrate that the majority of these GABAergic neurons originate outside the midbrain, from rhombomere 1, and move into the ventral midbrain only as postmitotic neuronal precursors. We further show that Gata2, Gata3 and Tal1 define a subpopulation of GABAergic precursors in ventral rhombomere 1. A failure in GABAergic neuron differentiation in this region correlates with loss of VTA and SNpr GABAergic neurons in Tal1 mutant mice. In contrast to midbrain, GABAergic neurons of the anterior SNpr in the diencephalon are not derived from the rhombomere 1. These results suggest unique migratory pathways for the precursors of important GABAergic neuron subpopulations, and provide the basis for understanding diversity within midbrain GABAergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Achim
- Department of Biosciences, PO Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, FIN00014-University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Loss-of-function germline GATA2 mutations in patients with MDS/AML or MonoMAC syndrome and primary lymphedema reveal a key role for GATA2 in the lymphatic vasculature. Blood 2011; 119:1283-91. [PMID: 22147895 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-374363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has established that heterozygous germline GATA2 mutations predispose carriers to familial myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML), "MonoMAC" syndrome, and DCML deficiency. Here, we describe a previously unreported MDS family carrying a missense GATA2 mutation (p.Thr354Met), one patient with MDS/AML carrying a frameshift GATA2 mutation (p.Leu332Thrfs*53), another with MDS harboring a GATA2 splice site mutation, and 3 patients exhibiting MDS or MDS/AML who have large deletions encompassing the GATA2 locus. Intriguingly, 2 MDS/AML or "MonoMAC" syndrome patients with GATA2 deletions and one with a frameshift mutation also have primary lymphedema. Primary lymphedema occurs as a result of aberrations in the development and/or function of lymphatic vessels, spurring us to investigate whether GATA2 plays a role in the lymphatic vasculature. We demonstrate here that GATA2 protein is present at high levels in lymphatic vessel valves and that GATA2 controls the expression of genes important for programming lymphatic valve development. Our data expand the phenotypes associated with germline GATA2 mutations to include predisposition to primary lymphedema and suggest that complete haploinsufficiency or loss of function of GATA2, rather than missense mutations, is the key predisposing factor for lymphedema onset. Moreover, we reveal a crucial role for GATA2 in lymphatic vascular development.
Collapse
|
50
|
Haugas M, Lilleväli K, Salminen M. Defects in sensory organ morphogenesis and generation of cochlear hair cells in Gata3-deficient mouse embryos. Hear Res 2011; 283:151-61. [PMID: 22094003 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of the inner ear sensory epithelia involves a complex network of transcription factors and signaling pathways and the whole process is not yet entirely understood. GATA3 is a DNA-binding factor that is necessary for otic morphogenesis and without GATA3 variable defects have been observed already at early stages in mouse embryos. In the less severe phenotypes, one small oval shaped vesicle is formed whereas in the more severe cases, the otic epithelium becomes disrupted and the endolymphatic domain becomes separated from the rest of the otic epithelium. Despite these defects, the early sensory fate specification occurs in Gata3-/- otic epithelium. However, due to the early lethality of Gata3-deficient embryos, the later morphogenesis and sensory development have remained unclear. To gain information of these later processes we produced drug-rescued Gata3-/- embryos that survived up to late gestation. In these older Gata3-/- embryos, a similar variability was observed as earlier. In the more severely affected ears, the development of the separate endolymphatic domain arrested completely whereas the remaining vesicle formed an empty cavity with variable forms, but without any distinguishable otic compartments or morphologically distinct sensory organs. However, the dorsal part of this vesicle was able to adopt a sensory fate and to produce some hair cells. In the less severe cases of Gata3-/- ears, distinct utricular, saccular and cochlear compartments were present and hair cells could be detected in the vestibular sensory epithelia. Although clear cristae and maculae formed, the morphology and size of these sensory areas were abnormal and they remained often un-separated. In contrast to the vestibule, the cochlear sensory compartment remained more immature and no hair or supporting cells could be detected. Our results suggest that GATA3 is critical for normal vestibular and cochlear morphogenesis and that it is especially important for cochlear sensory differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarja Haugas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjobergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|