1
|
Sanketi BD, Mantri M, Huang L, Tavallaei MA, Hu S, Wang MFZ, De Vlaminck I, Kurpios NA. Villus myofibroblasts are developmental and adult progenitors of mammalian gut lymphatic musculature. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1159-1174.e5. [PMID: 38537630 PMCID: PMC11078612 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Inside the finger-like intestinal projections called villi, strands of smooth muscle cells contract to propel absorbed dietary fats through the adjacent lymphatic capillary, the lacteal, sending fats into the systemic blood circulation for energy production. Despite this vital function, mechanisms of formation, assembly alongside lacteals, and maintenance of villus smooth muscle are unknown. By combining single-cell RNA sequencing and quantitative lineage tracing of the mouse intestine, we identified a local hierarchy of subepithelial fibroblast progenitors that differentiate into mature smooth muscle fibers via intermediate contractile myofibroblasts. This continuum persists as the major mechanism for villus musculature renewal throughout adult life. The NOTCH3-DLL4 signaling axis governs the assembly of smooth muscle fibers alongside their adjacent lacteals and is required for fat absorption. Our studies identify the ontogeny and maintenance of a poorly defined class of intestinal smooth muscle, with implications for accelerated repair and recovery of digestive function following injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav D Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Madhav Mantri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Liqing Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mohammad A Tavallaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shing Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael F Z Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanketi BD, Mantri M, Huang L, Tavallaei MA, Hu S, Wang MFZ, De Vlaminck I, Kurpios NA. Origin and adult renewal of the gut lacteal musculature from villus myofibroblasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.19.523242. [PMID: 36712064 PMCID: PMC9882374 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.523242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal smooth muscles are the workhorse of the digestive system. Inside the millions of finger-like intestinal projections called villi, strands of smooth muscle cells contract to propel absorbed dietary fats through the adjacent lymphatic vessel, called the lacteal, sending fats into the blood circulation for energy production. Despite this vital function, how villus smooth muscles form, how they assemble alongside lacteals, and how they repair throughout life remain unknown. Here we combine single-cell RNA sequencing of the mouse intestine with quantitative lineage tracing to reveal the mechanisms of formation and differentiation of villus smooth muscle cells. Within the highly regenerative villus, we uncover a local hierarchy of subepithelial fibroblast progenitors that progress to become mature smooth muscle fibers, via an intermediate contractile myofibroblast-like phenotype. This continuum persists in the adult intestine as the major source of renewal of villus smooth muscle cells during adult life. We further found that the NOTCH3-DLL4 signaling axis governs the assembly of villus smooth muscles alongside their adjacent lacteal, and we show that this is necessary for gut absorptive function. Overall, our data shed light on the genesis of a poorly defined class of intestinal smooth muscle and pave the way for new opportunities to accelerate recovery of digestive function by stimulating muscle repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav D. Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Madhav Mantri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Liqing Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Tavallaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shing Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael F. Z. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Natasza A. Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang D, Qi M, Zhao H, Wu H, Chen H, Lan Y, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wang J. Interventional effect of processing temperature on anti-angiogenesis of Coptis chinensis and screening of active components by UPLC-MS/MS on quail chick chorioallantoic membrane model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116014. [PMID: 36581161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coptis chinensis Franch. (CC), as a commonly used heat-clearing and toxin-resolving traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has gained increased attention for its anti-tumor activity. However, little is known about the anti-tumor angiogenesis effect of CC and its possible bioactive components. Also, it has been shown that temperature affects the quality of CC, albeit whether and how it affects the anti-angiogenic activity of CC is currently unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the processing temperatures (40, 60, 80, 120, 140, 150, 160 and 200 °C) at which CC has the strongest anti-angiogenic effect and speculate the possible bioactive components. MATERIALS AND METHODS The q-CAM model was constructed to explore the anti-angiogenesis agents of CC. The angiogenesis inhibition effects of CC samples at different processing temperatures and its seven alkaloids were determined based on morphological observation and vascular area proportion analysis. UPLC-MS/MS was employed to screen the potent active components of CC on anti-angiogenesis. RESULTS All the intervention by CC at different processing temperatures and its seven alkaloids could inhibit angiogenesis on q-CAM vessels, as evidenced by a poor vasular development in morphological observation and a low vascular area proportion in vascular quantitative analysis, most evident in CC processed at 40 °C and palmatine. LC-MS revealed that palmatine displayed strongest inhibitory effect on q-CAM vessels with a high absorption due to its stable structure. And the maternal nucleus transformation phenomenon of CC alkaloids was found in the quail embryo metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The q-CAM models in conjunction with the UPLC-MS/MS technique could be a useful tool for assessing tumor angiogenesis and screening tumor-targeted medicines. Processing temperature can affect the anti-angiogenesis effect of CC because of its function on the content of alkaloids, and palmatine can be considered as a prospective anti-angiogenic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Miao Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Hedi Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Haozhong Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Han Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Yanan Lan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Yani Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Jingjuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanketi BD, Sivakumar A, Kurpios NA. Visualizing and manipulating the production and accumulation of hyaluronan for functional assessment in chicken embryos. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102200. [PMID: 36989110 PMCID: PMC10074245 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) accumulates in the extracellular matrix to regulate organ morphogenesis. The spatiotemporal dynamics of its production and function are poorly understood due to its instability. Here, we present a protocol using the embryonic chicken intestine as a binary in vivo system for HA visualization and manipulation. We describe steps for pharmacological manipulation and in ovo electroporation to target HA production and accumulation. We then detail HA-binding protein assay to detect HA accumulation and quantification of tissue morphology changes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sivakumar et al. (2018)1 and Sanketi et al. (2022).2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav D Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Aravind Sivakumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sanketi BD, Zuela-Sopilniak N, Bundschuh E, Gopal S, Hu S, Long J, Lammerding J, Hopyan S, Kurpios NA. Pitx2 patterns an accelerator-brake mechanical feedback through latent TGFβ to rotate the gut. Science 2022; 377:eabl3921. [PMID: 36137018 PMCID: PMC10089252 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate intestine forms by asymmetric gut rotation and elongation, and errors cause lethal obstructions in human infants. Rotation begins with tissue deformation of the dorsal mesentery, which is dependent on left-sided expression of the Paired-like transcription factor Pitx2. The conserved morphogen Nodal induces asymmetric Pitx2 to govern embryonic laterality, but organ-level regulation of Pitx2 during gut asymmetry remains unknown. We found Nodal to be dispensable for Pitx2 expression during mesentery deformation. Intestinal rotation instead required a mechanosensitive latent transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), tuning a second wave of Pitx2 that induced reciprocal tissue stiffness in the left mesentery as mechanical feedback with the right side. This signaling regulator, an accelerator (right) and brake (left), combines biochemical and biomechanical inputs to break gut morphological symmetry and direct intestinal rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav D Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Noam Zuela-Sopilniak
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bundschuh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sharada Gopal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shing Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joseph Long
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sanketi BD, Kurpios NA. In Ovo Gain- and Loss-of-Function Approaches to Study Gut Morphogenesis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2438:163-181. [PMID: 35147942 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2035-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The polarity of cellular components is essential for cellular shape changes, oriented cell migration, and modulating intra- and intercellular mechanical forces. However, many aspects of polarized cell behavior-especially dynamic cell shape changes during the process of morphogenesis-are almost impossible to study in cells cultured in plastic dishes. Avian embryos have always been a treasured model system to study vertebrate morphogenesis for developmental biologists. Avian embryos recapitulate human biology particularly well in the early stages due to their flat disc gastruloids. Since avian embryos can be manipulated in ovo they present paramount opportunities for highly localized targeting of genetic mechanisms during cellular and developmental processes. Here, we review the application of these methods for both gain of function and loss of function of a gene of interest at a specific developmental stage during left-right (LR) asymmetric gut morphogenesis. These tools present a powerful premise to investigate various polarized cellular activities and molecular processes in vivo in a reproducible manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav D Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Capeling MM, Huang S, Childs CJ, Wu JH, Tsai YH, Wu A, Garg N, Holloway EM, Sundaram N, Bouffi C, Helmrath M, Spence JR. Suspension culture promotes serosal mesothelial development in human intestinal organoids. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110379. [PMID: 35172130 PMCID: PMC9002973 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent-stem-cell-derived human intestinal organoids (HIOs) model some aspects of intestinal development and disease, but current culture methods do not fully recapitulate the diverse cell types and complex organization of the human intestine and are reliant on 3D extracellular matrix or hydrogel systems, which limit experimental control and translational potential for regenerative medicine. We describe suspension culture as a simple, low-maintenance method for culturing HIOs and for promoting in vitro differentiation of an organized serosal mesothelial layer that is similar to primary human intestinal serosal mesothelium based on single-cell RNA sequencing and histological analysis. Functionally, HIO serosal mesothelium has the capacity to differentiate into smooth-muscle-like cells and exhibits fibrinolytic activity. An inhibitor screen identifies Hedgehog and WNT signaling as regulators of human serosal mesothelial differentiation. Collectively, suspension HIOs represent a three-dimensional model to study the human serosal mesothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charlie J Childs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua H Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Neil Garg
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Carine Bouffi
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hagolani PF, Zimm R, Marin-Riera M, Salazar-Ciudad I. Cell signaling stabilizes morphogenesis against noise. Development 2019; 146:146/20/dev179309. [PMID: 31628213 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic development involves gene networks, extracellular signaling, cell behaviors (cell division, adhesion, etc.) and mechanical interactions. How should these be coordinated to lead to complex and robust morphologies? To explore this question, we randomly wired genes and cell behaviors into a huge number of networks in EmbryoMaker. EmbryoMaker is a computational model of animal development that simulates how the 3D positions of cells, i.e. morphology, change over time due to such networks. We found that any gene network can lead to complex morphologies if this activates cell behaviors over large regions of the embryo. Importantly, however, for such complex morphologies to be robust to noise, gene networks should include cell signaling that compartmentalizes the embryo into small regions where cell behaviors are regulated differently. If, instead, cell behaviors are equally regulated over large regions, complex but non-robust morphologies arise. We explain how compartmentalization enhances robustness and why it is a general feature of animal development. Our results are consistent with theories proposing that robustness evolved by the co-option of gene networks and extracellular cell signaling in early animal evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal F Hagolani
- Evo-devo Helsinki community, Centre of Excellence in Experimental and Computational Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roland Zimm
- Evo-devo Helsinki community, Centre of Excellence in Experimental and Computational Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Miquel Marin-Riera
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Salazar-Ciudad
- Evo-devo Helsinki community, Centre of Excellence in Experimental and Computational Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland .,Genomics, Bioinformatics and Evolution. Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Centre de Rercerca Matemàtica, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huycke TR, Tabin CJ. Chick midgut morphogenesis. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 62:109-119. [PMID: 29616718 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.170325ct] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is an essential system of organs required for nutrient absorption. As a simple tube early in development, the primitive gut is patterned along its anterior-posterior axis into discrete compartments with unique morphologies relevant to their functions in the digestive process. These morphologies are acquired gradually through development as the gut is patterned by tissue interactions, both molecular and mechanical in nature, involving all three germ layers. With a focus on midgut morphogenesis, we review work in the chick embryo demonstrating how these molecular signals and mechanical forces sculpt the developing gut tube into its mature form. In particular, we highlight two mechanisms by which the midgut increases its absorptive surface area: looping and villification. Additionally, we review the differentiation and patterning of the intestinal mesoderm into the layers of smooth muscle that mechanically drive peristalsis and the villification process itself. Where relevant, we discuss the mechanisms of chick midgut morphogenesis in the context of experimental data from other model systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Huycke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mesothelium and Malignant Mesothelioma. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7020007. [PMID: 30965570 PMCID: PMC6630312 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesothelium is an epithelial structure derived from the embryonic mesoderm. It plays an important role in the development of a number of different organs, including the heart, lungs, and intestines. In this publication, we discuss aspects of the development of the mesothelium, where mesothelial structures can be found, and review molecular and cellular characteristics associated with the mesothelium. Furthermore, we discuss the involvement of the mesothelium in a number of disease conditions, in particular in the pathogenesis of mesotheliomas with an emphasis on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)—a primary cancer developing in the pleural cavity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Inagaki NF, Inagaki FF, Kokudo N, Miyajima A. Generation of mesothelial progenitor-like cells from mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:386-394. [PMID: 30609020 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelial cells, which cover the surface of visceral organs and serous cavities in mammals, play a crucial role in preventing adhesion. We previously reported that primary mesothelial progenitor cells (MPCs) can not only prevent postoperative adhesion but also promote liver regeneration after hepatectomy. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to be used for regenerative medicine. Here, we have established a differentiation protocol for mouse iPSC-derived MPCs (miMPCs) via the exposure to defined factors, as well as purification using MPC-specific cell surface antigens. Furthermore, the miMPCs had the ability to suppress postoperative adhesion and facilitate liver regeneration. This is the first report highlighting the generation of functional miMPCs, which may offer potential for de novo cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko F Inagaki
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki F Inagaki
- Hepato-Billary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Billary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Transserosal migration of enteric neural stem cells: Developing an avian colon model. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:2435-2439. [PMID: 30243737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapy for enteric neuropathies, including Hirschsprung disease. Proof-of-principle has been obtained using focal transplants into neonatal mouse colon. The challenge now is to deliver stem cells to a large surface area to reconstruct an enteric nerve plexus. One proposed method is serosal application using a polymer membrane. However, transserosal migration of stem cells has not been demonstrated in mature colon. This study aimed to develop an avian model to demonstrate stem cell migration across the intact serosa of mature colon. METHODS Hindguts were obtained from E14 quail embryos, transplanted onto E8 chicken chorioallantoic membranes and harvested after 2 and 8 days. Tissues were assessed immunohistologically for apoptosis (caspase-3), maturity (α-SMA), preservation of mucosa (E-cadherin), and preservation of serosa (cytokeratin). RESULTS Transient necrosis of the central mucosa was observed over the first two days, followed by recovery. Twenty-three grafts were assessed immunohistologically at day 8. Nineteen grafts demonstrated progressive maturation and an intact mucosa. Circumferential serosal preservation was observed in 9 grafts. No apoptosis was seen. CONCLUSION Avian colon may be successfully harvested with an intact serosa. Large chorioallantoic membrane grafts remain viable for at least 8 days, and the serosa can be preserved throughout. This provides an economical platform for assessing transserosal migration of stem cells in mature colon.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mesothelial-mesenchymal transitions in embryogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 92:37-44. [PMID: 30243860 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most animals develop coelomic cavities lined by an epithelial cell layer called the mesothelium. Embryonic mesothelial cells have the ability to transform into mesenchymal cells which populate many developing organs contributing to their connective and vascular tissues, and also to organ-specific cell types. Furthermore, embryonic mesothelium and mesothelial-derived cells produce essential signals for visceral morphogenesis. We review the most relevant literature about the mechanisms regulating the embryonic mesothelial-mesenchymal transition, the developmental fate of the mesothelial-derived cells and other functions of the embryonic mesothelium, such as its contribution to the establishment of left-right visceral asymmetries or its role in limb morphogenesis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sivakumar A, Mahadevan A, Lauer ME, Narvaez RJ, Ramesh S, Demler CM, Souchet NR, Hascall VC, Midura RJ, Garantziotis S, Frank DB, Kimata K, Kurpios NA. Midgut Laterality Is Driven by Hyaluronan on the Right. Dev Cell 2018; 46:533-551.e5. [PMID: 30174180 PMCID: PMC6207194 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For many years, biologists have focused on the role of Pitx2, expressed on the left side of developing embryos, in governing organ laterality. Here, we identify a different pathway during left-right asymmetry initiated by the right side of the embryo. Surprisingly, this conserved mechanism is orchestrated by the extracellular glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan (HA) and is independent of Pitx2 on the left. Whereas HA is normally synthesized bilaterally as a simple polysaccharide, we show that covalent modification of HA by the enzyme Tsg6 on the right triggers distinct cell behavior necessary to drive the conserved midgut rotation and to pattern gut vasculature. HA disruption in chicken and Tsg6-/- mice results in failure to initiate midgut rotation and perturbs vascular development predisposing to midgut volvulus. Our study leads us to revise the current symmetry-breaking paradigm in vertebrates and demonstrates how enzymatic modification of HA matrices can execute the blueprint of organ laterality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Sivakumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aparna Mahadevan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mark E Lauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ricky J Narvaez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Siddesh Ramesh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cora M Demler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nathan R Souchet
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ron J Midura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David B Frank
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Koji Kimata
- Institute of Molecular Medical Sciences, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Emergence and development of gut motility in the chicken embryo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172511. [PMID: 28222167 PMCID: PMC5319669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract transports the food bolus by peristalsis. Gut motility starts at an early age in the developing embryo, well before it is required for nutrition of the organism. We present a comprehensive kinematic study of the emergence and physiological development of gut motility in all regions of the lower digestive tract of the chicken embryo from embryonic days E5 through E9. We characterized motility emergence time, propagation patterns, speed, frequency and amplitude of peristalsis waves. We found that the emergence of an uninterrupted circular ring of smooth muscle correlated with the appearance of propagative contractile waves, at E6 in the hindgut and midgut, and at E9 in the caecal appendix. We show that peristalsis at these stages is critically dependent on calcium and is not mediated by neurons as gut motility is insensitive to tetrodotoxin and takes place in the hindgut in the absence of neurons. We further demonstrate that motility also matures in ex-vivo organ culture. We compare our results to existing literature on zebrafish, mouse and human motility development, and discuss their chronological relationship with other major developmental events occurring in the chicken embryonic gut at these stages. Our work sets a baseline for further investigations of motility development in this important animal model.
Collapse
|
16
|
Graham HK, Maina I, Goldstein AM, Nagy N. Intestinal smooth muscle is required for patterning the enteric nervous system. J Anat 2017; 230:567-574. [PMID: 28116763 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and intestinal smooth muscle occurs in a spatially and temporally correlated manner, but how they influence each other is unknown. In the developing mid-gut of the chick embryo, we find that α-smooth muscle actin expression, indicating early muscle differentiation, occurs after the arrival of migrating enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs). In contrast, hindgut smooth muscle develops prior to ENCC arrival. Smooth muscle development is normal in experimentally aganglionic hindguts, suggesting that proper development and patterning of the muscle layers does not rely on the ENS. However, inhibiting early smooth muscle development severely disrupts ENS patterning without affecting ENCC proliferation or apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that early intestinal smooth muscle differentiation is required for patterning the developing ENS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Graham
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivy Maina
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nandor Nagy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Mesothelial cells (MCs) cover the surface of visceral organs and the parietal walls of cavities, and they synthesize lubricating fluids to create a slippery surface that facilitates movement between organs without friction. Recent studies have indicated that MCs play active roles in liver development, fibrosis, and regeneration. During liver development, the mesoderm produces MCs that form a single epithelial layer of the mesothelium. MCs exhibit an intermediate phenotype between epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. Lineage tracing studies have indicated that during liver development, MCs act as mesenchymal progenitor cells that produce hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts around blood vessels, and smooth muscle cells. Upon liver injury, MCs migrate inward from the liver surface and produce hepatic stellate cells or myofibroblast depending on the etiology, suggesting that MCs are the source of myofibroblasts in capsular fibrosis. Similar to the activation of hepatic stellate cells, transforming growth factor β induces the conversion of MCs into myofibroblasts. Further elucidation of the biological and molecular changes involved in MC activation and fibrogenesis will contribute to the development of novel approaches for the prevention and therapy of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lua
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Cell-generated mechanical forces drive many of the tissue movements and rearrangements that are required to transform simple populations of cells into the complex three-dimensional geometries of mature organs. However, mechanical forces do not need to arise from active cellular movements. Recent studies have illuminated the roles of passive forces that result from mechanical instabilities between epithelial tissues and their surroundings. These mechanical instabilities cause essentially one-dimensional epithelial tubes and two-dimensional epithelial sheets to buckle or wrinkle into complex topologies containing loops, folds, and undulations in organs as diverse as the brain, the intestine, and the lung. Here, I highlight examples of buckling and wrinkling morphogenesis, and suggest that this morphogenetic mechanism may be broadly responsible for sculpting organ form.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang X, Chen Y, Ye Y, Wang J, Wang H, Yuan G, Lin Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Lin X. Wnt signaling promotes hindgut fate commitment through regulating multi-lineage genes during hESC differentiation. Cell Signal 2016; 29:12-22. [PMID: 27693749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays essential roles in both embryonic pattern formation and postembryonic tissue homoestasis. High levels of Wnt activity repress foregut identity and facilitate hindgut fate through forming a gradient of Wnt signaling activity along the anterior-posterior axis. Here, we examined the mechanisms of Wnt signaling in hindgut development by differentiating human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into the hindgut progenitors. We observed severe morphological changes when Wnt signaling was blocked by using Wnt antagonist Dkk1. We performed deep-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and identified 240 Wnt-activated genes and 2023 Wnt-repressed genes, respectively. Clusters of Wnt targets showed enrichment in specific biological functions, such as "gastrointestinal or skeletal development" in the Wnt-activated targets and "neural or immune system development" in the Wnt-repressed targets. Moreover, we adopted a high-throughput chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) approach to identify the genomic regions through which Wnt-activated transcription factor TCF7L2 regulated transcription. We identified 83 Wnt direct target candidates, including the hindgut marker CDX2 and the genes relevant to morphogenesis (MSX1, MSX2, LEF1, T, PDGFRB etc.) through combinatorial analysis of the RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data. Together, our study identified a series of direct and indirect Wnt targets in hindgut differentiation, and uncovered the diverse mechanisms of Wnt signaling in regulating multi-lineage differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Core Genomic Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Establishment of the Visceral Embryonic Midline Is a Dynamic Process that Requires Bilaterally Symmetric BMP Signaling. Dev Cell 2016; 37:571-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Lua I, Li Y, Pappoe LS, Asahina K. Myofibroblastic Conversion and Regeneration of Mesothelial Cells in Peritoneal and Liver Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:3258-73. [PMID: 26598235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelial cells (MCs) form a single epithelial layer and line the surface of body cavities and internal organs. Patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis often develop peritoneal fibrosis that is characterized by the accumulation of myofibroblasts in connective tissue. Although MCs are believed to be the source of myofibroblasts, their contribution has remained obscure. We determined the contribution of peritoneal MCs to myofibroblasts in chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced fibrosis compared with that of phenotypic changes of liver MCs. CG injections resulted in disappearance of MCs from the body wall and the accumulation of myofibroblasts in the connective tissue. Conditional linage tracing with Wilms tumor 1 (Wt1)-CreERT2 and Rosa26 reporter mice found that 17% of myofibroblasts were derived from MCs in peritoneal fibrosis. Conditional deletion of transforming growth factor-β type II receptor in Wt1(+) MCs substantially reduced peritoneal fibrosis. The CG treatment also induced myofibroblastic conversion of MCs in the liver. Lineage tracing with Mesp1-Cre mice revealed that Mesp1(+) mesoderm gave rise to liver MCs but not peritoneal MCs. During recovery from peritoneal fibrosis, peritoneal MCs, but not liver MCs, contribute to the regeneration of the peritoneal mesothelium, indicating an inherent difference between parietal and visceral MCs. In conclusion, MCs partially contribute to myofibroblasts in peritoneal and liver fibrosis, and protection of the MC layer leads to reduced development of fibrous tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lua
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases (ALPD) and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuchang Li
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases (ALPD) and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lamioko S Pappoe
- Division of Nephrology, Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases (ALPD) and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gurdziel K, Vogt KR, Walton KD, Schneider GK, Gumucio DL. Transcriptome of the inner circular smooth muscle of the developing mouse intestine: Evidence for regulation of visceral smooth muscle genes by the hedgehog target gene, cJun. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:614-26. [PMID: 26930384 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestion is facilitated by coordinated contractions of the intestinal muscularis externa, a bilayered smooth muscle structure that is composed of inner circular muscles (ICM) and outer longitudinal muscles (OLM). We performed transcriptome analysis of intestinal mesenchyme tissue at E14.5, when the ICM, but not the OLM, is present, to investigate the transcriptional program of the ICM. RESULTS We identified 3967 genes enriched in E14.5 intestinal mesenchyme. The gene expression profiles were clustered and annotated to known muscle genes, identifying a muscle-enriched subcluster. Using publically available in situ data, 127 genes were verified as expressed in ICM. Examination of the promoter and regulatory regions for these co-expressed genes revealed enrichment for cJUN transcription factor binding sites, and cJUN protein was enriched in ICM. cJUN ChIP-seq, performed at E14.5, revealed that cJUN regulatory regions contain characteristics of muscle enhancers. Finally, we show that cJun is a target of Hedgehog (Hh), a signaling pathway known to be important in smooth muscle development, and identify a cJun genomic enhancer that is responsive to Hh. CONCLUSIONS This work provides the first transcriptional catalog for the developing ICM and suggests that cJun regulates gene expression in the ICM downstream of Hh signaling. Developmental Dynamics 245:614-626, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gurdziel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Kyle R Vogt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Katherine D Walton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Gary K Schneider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions during digestive tract development and epithelial stem cell regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3883-96. [PMID: 26126787 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract develops from a simple and uniform tube into a complex organ with specific differentiation patterns along the anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axes of asymmetry. It is derived from all three germ layers and their cross-talk is important for the regulated development of fetal and adult gastrointestinal structures and organs. Signals from the adjacent mesoderm are essential for the morphogenesis of the overlying epithelium. These mesenchymal-epithelial interactions govern the development and regionalization of the different gastrointestinal epithelia and involve most of the key morphogens and signaling pathways, such as the Hedgehog, BMPs, Notch, WNT, HOX, SOX and FOXF cascades. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying mesenchyme differentiation into smooth muscle cells influence the regionalization of the gastrointestinal epithelium through interactions with the enteric nervous system. In the neonatal and adult gastrointestinal tract, mesenchymal-epithelial interactions are essential for the maintenance of the epithelial regionalization and digestive epithelial homeostasis. Disruption of these interactions is also associated with bowel dysfunction potentially leading to epithelial tumor development. In this review, we will discuss various aspects of the mesenchymal-epithelial interactions observed during digestive epithelium development and differentiation and also during epithelial stem cell regeneration.
Collapse
|
24
|
Mahadevan A, Welsh IC, Sivakumar A, Gludish DW, Shilvock AR, Noden DM, Huss D, Lansford R, Kurpios NA. The left-right Pitx2 pathway drives organ-specific arterial and lymphatic development in the intestine. Dev Cell 2014; 31:690-706. [PMID: 25482882 PMCID: PMC4326534 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal mesentery (DM) is the major conduit for blood and lymphatic vessels in the gut. The mechanisms underlying their morphogenesis are challenging to study and remain unknown. Here we show that arteriogenesis in the DM begins during gut rotation and proceeds strictly on the left side, dependent on the Pitx2 target gene Cxcl12. Although competent Cxcr4-positive angioblasts are present on the right, they fail to form vessels and progressively emigrate. Surprisingly, gut lymphatics also initiate in the left DM and arise only after-and dependent on-arteriogenesis, implicating arteries as drivers of gut lymphangiogenesis. Our data begin to unravel the origin of two distinct vascular systems and demonstrate how early left-right molecular asymmetries are translated into organ-specific vascular patterns. We propose a dual origin of gut lymphangiogenesis in which prior arterial growth is required to initiate local lymphatics that only subsequently connect to the vascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Mahadevan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ian C Welsh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aravind Sivakumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David W Gludish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Abigail R Shilvock
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Drew M Noden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David Huss
- Developmental Neuroscience Program and Department of Radiology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Developmental Neuroscience Program and Department of Radiology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Seasonal variations in health indices of free-ranging asymptomatic guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) in Zambia. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S143-9. [PMID: 25312110 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of seasonal variations on health indices of free-ranging asymptomatic guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) in Zambia. METHODS A time series analysis was carried out on a prospective cohort study over a 12 month period between March 2010 and February 2011 by examining a total 147 guinea fowls for haematological and morphometric data of selected organs. RESULTS There was a strong correlation in erythrocytic indices between packed cell volume and red blood cell counts (=0.824, P<0.001) as well as between packed cell volume and hemoglobulin (Hb) counts (r=0.648, P<0.001). Seasonal differences showed that erythrocytic indices were higher in the males than the females and that the difference was significantly higher (P<0.001) during the rainy season, which coincided with the breeding period when females were laying eggs. Increase in total plasma protein was positively correlated with overall body weight. Generally, females had higher body weights and total plasma protein levels than the males in the rain season. Of the 147 birds examined, 51% (n=147) had the bursa of Fabricius. For birds that had the bursa of Fabricius, the weights of bursae were higher (P<0.05) in the cold-dry season than the other seasons and no sex differences were observed. Spleen morphometric data did not show any seasonal nor sex differences. CONCLUSIONS Overall, data presented herein demonstrate that seasonal variations have a significant influence on health indices of free-ranging guinea fowls and that these factors could influence the susceptibility of this species of birds to disease infections at different times of the year.
Collapse
|
26
|
Winters NI, Williams AM, Bader DM. Resident progenitors, not exogenous migratory cells, generate the majority of visceral mesothelium in organogenesis. Dev Biol 2014; 391:125-32. [PMID: 24746591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Historically, analyses of mesothelial differentiation have focused on the heart where a highly migratory population of progenitors originating from a localized "extrinsic" source moves to and over the developing organ. This model long stood alone as the paradigm for generation of this cell type. Here, using chick/quail chimeric grafting and subsequent identification of mesothelial cell populations, we demonstrate that a different mechanism for the generation of mesothelia exists in vertebrate organogenesis. In this newly discovered model, mesothelial progenitors are intrinsic to organs of the developing digestive and respiratory systems. Additionally, we demonstrate that the early heart stands alone in its ability to recruit an entirely exogenous mesothelial cell layer during development. Thus, the newly identified "organ intrinsic" model of mesotheliogenesis appears to predominate while the long-studied cardiac model of mesothelial development may be the outlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David M Bader
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ruparelia AA, Simkin JE, Salgado D, Newgreen DF, Martins GG, Bryson-Richardson RJ. The quail anatomy portal. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2014; 2014:bau028. [PMID: 24715219 PMCID: PMC3978374 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Japanese quail is a widely used model organism for the study of embryonic development; however, anatomical resources are lacking. The Quail Anatomy Portal (QAP) provides 22 detailed three-dimensional (3D) models of quail embryos during development from embryonic day (E)1 to E15 generated using optical projection tomography. The 3D models provided can be virtually sectioned to investigate anatomy. Furthermore, using the 3D nature of the models, we have generated a tool to assist in the staging of quail samples. Volume renderings of each stage are provided and can be rotated to allow visualization from multiple angles allowing easy comparison of features both between stages in the database and between images or samples in the laboratory. The use of JavaScript, PHP and HTML ensure the database is accessible to users across different operating systems, including mobile devices, facilitating its use in the laboratory.The QAP provides a unique resource for researchers using the quail model. The ability to virtually section anatomical models throughout development provides the opportunity for researchers to virtually dissect the quail and also provides a valuable tool for the education of students and researchers new to the field. Database URL: http://quail.anatomyportal.org (For review username: demo, password: quail123)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avnika A Ruparelia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia, The Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, GMGF UMR_S 910, 13385 Marseille, France, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Rua da Avenida Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal and Centre for Environmental Biology, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
With the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders, there is great interest in establishing in vitro models of human intestinal disease and in developing drug-screening platforms that more accurately represent the complex physiology of the intestine. We will review how recent advances in developmental and stem cell biology have made it possible to generate complex, three-dimensional, human intestinal tissues in vitro through directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. These are currently being used to study human development, genetic forms of disease, intestinal pathogens, metabolic disease and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Delalande JM, Natarajan D, Vernay B, Finlay M, Ruhrberg C, Thapar N, Burns AJ. Vascularisation is not necessary for gut colonisation by enteric neural crest cells. Dev Biol 2013; 385:220-9. [PMID: 24262984 PMCID: PMC3928993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature and nervous system share striking similarities in their networked, tree-like architecture and in the way they are super-imposed in mature organs. It has previously been suggested that the intestinal microvasculature network directs the migration of enteric neural crest cells (ENCC) along the gut to promote the formation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). To investigate the inter-relationship of migrating ENCC, ENS formation and gut vascular development we combined fate-mapping of ENCC with immunolabelling and intravascular dye injection to visualise nascent blood vessel networks. We found that the enteric and vascular networks initially had very distinct patterns of development. In the foregut, ENCC migrated through areas devoid of established vascular networks. In vessel-rich areas, such as the midgut and hindgut, the distribution of migrating ENCC did not support the idea that these cells followed a pre-established vascular network. Moreover, when gut vascular development was impaired, either genetically in Vegfa(120/120) or Tie2-Cre;Nrp1(fl/-) mice or using an in vitro Wnt1-Cre;Rosa26(Yfp/+) mouse model of ENS development, ENCC still colonised the entire length of the gut, including the terminal hindgut. These results demonstrate that blood vessel networks are not necessary to guide migrating ENCC during ENS development. Conversely, in miRet(51) mice, which lack ENS in the hindgut, the vascular network in this region appeared to be normal suggesting that in early development both networks form independently of each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Delalande
- Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Dipa Natarajan
- Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Bertrand Vernay
- Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Finlay
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Burns
- Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics, The Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|