1
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Li Y, Fujishita T, Mishiro‐Sato E, Kojima Y, Niu Y, Taketo MM, Urano Y, Sakai T, Enomoto A, Nishida Y, Aoki M. TGF-β signaling promotes desmoid tumor formation via CSRP2 upregulation. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:401-411. [PMID: 38041233 PMCID: PMC10859603 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoid tumors (DTs), also called desmoid-type fibromatoses, are locally aggressive tumors of mesenchymal origin. In the present study, we developed a novel mouse model of DTs by inducing a local mutation in the Ctnnb1 gene, encoding β-catenin in PDGFRA-positive stromal cells, by subcutaneous injection of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. Tumors in this model resembled histologically clinical samples from DT patients and showed strong phosphorylation of nuclear SMAD2. Knockout of SMAD4 in the model significantly suppressed tumor growth. Proteomic analysis revealed that SMAD4 knockout reduced the level of Cysteine-and-Glycine-Rich Protein 2 (CSRP2) in DTs, and treatment of DT-derived cells with a TGF-β receptor inhibitor reduced CSRP2 RNA levels. Knockdown of CSRP2 in DT cells significantly suppressed their proliferation. These results indicate that the TGF-β/CSRP2 axis is a potential therapeutic target for DTs downstream of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Teruaki Fujishita
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Emi Mishiro‐Sato
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Molecular Structure CenterInstitute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasushi Kojima
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Yanqing Niu
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Colon Cancer ProjectKyoto University Hospital‐iACT, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yuya Urano
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Tomohisa Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | | | - Masahiro Aoki
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
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2
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Yang X, Li X, Guo Z, Zhang Z, Song X, Zhang M, Han X, He L, Zhou B. Generation and characterization of PDGFRα-GFP knock-in mice for visualization of PDGFRα + fibroblasts in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149215. [PMID: 37949027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor, PDGFRα, are critical for tissue development and injury repair. To track PDGFRα-expressing cells in vivo, we generated a knock-in mouse line that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the PDGFRα promoter. This genetic tool enabled us to detect PDGFRα expression in various organs during both neonatal and adult stages. Additionally, we confirmed the correlation between endogenous PDGFRα and transgenic PDGFRα expression using mouse injury models, showing the potential of this genetic reporter for studying PDGFRα-mediated signaling pathways and developing therapeutic strategies. Overall, the PDGFRα-GFP knock-in mouse line serves as a valuable tool for investigating the biology of PDGFRα and its role in normal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhihou Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Zhuonan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ximeng Han
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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3
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Lyu QR, Fu K. Tissue-specific Cre driver mice to study vascular diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107241. [PMID: 37923099 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and abdominal aneurysms, are the primary cause of mortality and morbidity among the elderly worldwide. The life quality of patients is significantly compromised due to inadequate therapeutic approaches and limited drug targets. To expand our comprehension of vascular diseases, gene knockout (KO) mice, especially conditional knockout (cKO) mice, are widely used for investigating gene function and mechanisms of action. The Cre-loxP system is the most common method for generating cKO mice. Numerous Cre driver mice have been established to study the main cell types that compose blood vessels, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. Here, we first discuss the characteristics of each layer of the arterial wall. Next, we provide an overview of the representative Cre driver mice utilized for each of the major cell types in the vessel wall and their most recent applications in vascular biology. We then go over Cre toxicity and discuss the practical methods for minimizing Cre interference in experimental outcomes. Finally, we look into the future of tissue-specific Cre drivers by introducing the revolutionary single-cell RNA sequencing and dual recombinase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Rex Lyu
- Medical Research Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Academy of Medical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Kailong Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
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4
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Caligiuri G, Tuveson DA. Activated fibroblasts in cancer: Perspectives and challenges. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:434-449. [PMID: 36917949 PMCID: PMC11022589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Activated fibroblasts in tumors, or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), have become a popular research area over the past decade. As important players in many aspects of tumor biology, with functions ranging from collagen deposition to immunosuppression, CAFs have been the target of clinical and pre-clinical studies that have revealed their potential pro- and anti-tumorigenic dichotomy. In this review, we describe the important role of CAFs in the tumor microenvironment and the technological advances that made these discoveries possible, and we detail the models that are currently available for CAF investigation. Additionally, we present evidence to support the value of encompassing CAF investigation as a future therapeutic avenue alongside immune and cancer cells while highlighting the challenges that must be addressed for successful clinical translation of new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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5
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Nawaz A, Bilal M, Fujisaka S, Kado T, Aslam MR, Ahmed S, Okabe K, Igarashi Y, Watanabe Y, Kuwano T, Tsuneyama K, Nishimura A, Nishida Y, Yamamoto S, Sasahara M, Imura J, Mori H, Matzuk MM, Kudo F, Manabe I, Uezumi A, Nakagawa T, Oishi Y, Tobe K. Depletion of CD206 + M2-like macrophages induces fibro-adipogenic progenitors activation and muscle regeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7058. [PMID: 36411280 PMCID: PMC9678897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration requires the coordination of muscle stem cells, mesenchymal fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), and macrophages. How macrophages regulate the paracrine secretion of FAPs during the recovery process remains elusive. Herein, we systemically investigated the communication between CD206+ M2-like macrophages and FAPs during the recovery process using a transgenic mouse model. Depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages or deletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages-specific TGF-β1 gene induces myogenesis and muscle regeneration. We show that depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages activates FAPs and activated FAPs secrete follistatin, a promyogenic factor, thereby boosting the recovery process. Conversely, deletion of the FAP-specific follistatin gene results in impaired muscle stem cell function, enhanced fibrosis, and delayed muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, CD206+ M2-like macrophages inhibit the secretion of FAP-derived follistatin via TGF-β signaling. Here we show that CD206+ M2-like macrophages constitute a microenvironment for FAPs and may regulate the myogenic potential of muscle stem/satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nawaz
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan ,grid.16694.3c0000 0001 2183 9479Present Address: Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Muhammad Rahil Aslam
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- grid.415712.40000 0004 0401 3757Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000 Pakistan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takahide Kuwano
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Ayumi Nishimura
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishida
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411 USA
| | - Fujimi Kudo
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Systems Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Systems Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yumiko Oishi
- grid.410821.e0000 0001 2173 8328Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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6
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Hwang CD, Pagani CA, Nunez JH, Cherief M, Qin Q, Gomez-Salazar M, Kadaikal B, Kang H, Chowdary AR, Patel N, James AW, Levi B. Contemporary perspectives on heterotopic ossification. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158996. [PMID: 35866484 PMCID: PMC9431693 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of ectopic bone that is primarily genetically driven (fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva [FOP]) or acquired in the setting of trauma (tHO). HO has undergone intense investigation, especially over the last 50 years, as awareness has increased around improving clinical technologies and incidence, such as with ongoing wartime conflicts. Current treatments for tHO and FOP remain prophylactic and include NSAIDs and glucocorticoids, respectively, whereas other proposed therapeutic modalities exhibit prohibitive risk profiles. Contemporary studies have elucidated mechanisms behind tHO and FOP and have described new distinct niches independent of inflammation that regulate ectopic bone formation. These investigations have propagated a paradigm shift in the approach to treatment and management of a historically difficult surgical problem, with ongoing clinical trials and promising new targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Hwang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chase A Pagani
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna H Nunez
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Masnsen Cherief
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Balram Kadaikal
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Heeseog Kang
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ashish R Chowdary
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole Patel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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7
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Narvaez Del Pilar O, Gacha Garay MJ, Chen J. Three-axis classification of mouse lung mesenchymal cells reveals two populations of myofibroblasts. Development 2022; 149:274755. [PMID: 35302583 PMCID: PMC8977099 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The mesenchyme consists of heterogeneous cell populations that support neighboring structures and are integral to intercellular signaling, but are poorly defined morphologically and molecularly. Leveraging single-cell RNA-sequencing, 3D imaging and lineage tracing, we classify the mouse lung mesenchyme into three proximal-distal axes that are associated with the endothelium, epithelium and interstitium, respectively. From proximal to distal: the vascular axis includes vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes that transition as arterioles and venules ramify into capillaries; the epithelial axis includes airway smooth muscle cells and two populations of myofibroblasts - ductal myofibroblasts, surrounding alveolar ducts and marked by CDH4, HHIP and LGR6, which persist post-alveologenesis, and alveolar myofibroblasts, surrounding alveoli and marked by high expression of PDGFRA, which undergo developmental apoptosis; and the interstitial axis, residing between the epithelial and vascular trees and sharing the marker MEOX2, includes fibroblasts in the bronchovascular bundle and the alveolar interstitium, which are marked by IL33/DNER/PI16 and Wnt2, respectively. Single-cell imaging reveals a distinct morphology of mesenchymal cell populations. This classification provides a conceptual and experimental framework applicable to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odemaris Narvaez Del Pilar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00927
| | - Maria Jose Gacha Garay
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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8
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Collins BC, Kardon G. It takes all kinds: heterogeneity among satellite cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors during skeletal muscle regeneration. Development 2021; 148:dev199861. [PMID: 34739030 PMCID: PMC8602941 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate skeletal muscle is composed of multinucleate myofibers that are surrounded by muscle connective tissue. Following injury, muscle is able to robustly regenerate because of tissue-resident muscle stem cells, called satellite cells. In addition, efficient and complete regeneration depends on other cells resident in muscle - including fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). Increasing evidence from single-cell analyses and genetic and transplantation experiments suggests that satellite cells and FAPs are heterogeneous cell populations. Here, we review our current understanding of the heterogeneity of satellite cells, their myogenic derivatives and FAPs in terms of gene expression, anatomical location, age and timing during the regenerative process - each of which have potentially important functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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9
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Bilal M, Nawaz A, Kado T, Aslam MR, Igarashi Y, Nishimura A, Watanabe Y, Kuwano T, Liu J, Miwa H, Era T, Ikuta K, Imura J, Yagi K, Nakagawa T, Fujisaka S, Tobe K. Fate of adipocyte progenitors during adipogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101328. [PMID: 34562641 PMCID: PMC8495176 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Expansion of adipose tissue during obesity through the recruitment of newly generated adipocytes (hyperplasia) is metabolically healthy, whereas that through the enlargement of pre-existing adipocytes (hypertrophy) leads to metabolic complications. Accumulating evidence from genetic fate mapping studies suggests that in animal models receiving a high-fat diet (HFD), only adipocyte progenitors (APs) in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) have proliferative potential. However, the proliferative potential and differentiating capacity of APs in the inguinal WAT (iWAT) of male mice remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the proliferative and adipogenic potential of APs in the iWAT of HFD-fed male mice. Methods We generated PDGFRα-GFP-Cre-ERT2/tdTomato (KI/td) mice and traced PDGFRα-positive APs in male mice fed HFD for 8 weeks. We performed a comprehensive phenotypic analysis, including the histology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and gene expression analysis, of KI/td mice fed HFD. Results Contrary to the findings of others, we found an increased number of newly generated tdTomato+ adipocytes in the iWAT of male mice, which was smaller than that observed in the gWAT. We found that in male mice, the iWAT has more proliferating tdTomato+ APs than the gWAT. We also found that tdTomato+ APs showed a higher expression of Dpp4 and Pi16 than tdTomato− APs, and the expression of these genes was significantly higher in the iWAT than in the gWAT of mice fed HFD for 8 weeks. Collectively, our results reveal that HFD feeding induces the proliferation of tdTomato+ APs in the iWAT of male mice. Conclusion In male mice, compared with gWAT, iWAT undergoes hyperplasia in response to 8 weeks of HFD feeding through the recruitment of newly generated adipocytes due to an abundance of APs with a high potential for proliferation and differentiation. High-fat diet (HFD) increases proliferative APs in iWAT of male mice. HFD promotes the recruitment of smaller adipocytes in the iWAT of male mice. iWAT expands by recruiting newly-generated adipocytes (hyperplasia) in male mice. gWAT expands by enlargement of pre-existing adipocytes (hypertrophy) in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Muhammad Rahil Aslam
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nishimura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takahide Kuwano
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jianhui Liu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miwa
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Department of Virus Research, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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10
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Umbarkar P, Ejantkar S, Tousif S, Lal H. Mechanisms of Fibroblast Activation and Myocardial Fibrosis: Lessons Learned from FB-Specific Conditional Mouse Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092412. [PMID: 34572061 PMCID: PMC8471002 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Cardiac fibrosis is associated with HF progression. Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. This is a physiological response to tissue injury. However, uncontrolled fibrosis leads to adverse cardiac remodeling and contributes significantly to cardiac dysfunction. Fibroblasts (FBs) are the primary drivers of myocardial fibrosis. However, until recently, FBs were thought to play a secondary role in cardiac pathophysiology. This review article will present the evolving story of fibroblast biology and fibrosis in cardiac diseases, emphasizing their recent shift from a supporting to a leading role in our understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Indeed, this story only became possible because of the emergence of FB-specific mouse models. This study includes an update on the advancements in the generation of FB-specific mouse models. Regarding the underlying mechanisms of myocardial fibrosis, we will focus on the pathways that have been validated using FB-specific, in vivo mouse models. These pathways include the TGF-β/SMAD3, p38 MAPK, Wnt/β-Catenin, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK), and Hippo signaling. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying fibroblast activation and fibrosis may provide a novel therapeutic target for the management of adverse fibrotic remodeling in the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.U.); (H.L.); Tel.: +1-205-996-4248 (P.U.); +1-205-996-4219 (H.L.); Fax: +1-205-975-5104 (H.L.)
| | - Suma Ejantkar
- School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.U.); (H.L.); Tel.: +1-205-996-4248 (P.U.); +1-205-996-4219 (H.L.); Fax: +1-205-975-5104 (H.L.)
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11
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Lagares D, Hinz B. Animal and Human Models of Tissue Repair and Fibrosis: An Introduction. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2299:277-290. [PMID: 34028750 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1382-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reductionist cell culture systems are not only convenient but essential to understand molecular mechanisms of myofibroblast activation and action in carefully controlled conditions. However, tissue myofibroblasts do not act in isolation and the complexity of tissue repair and fibrosis in humans cannot be captured even by the most elaborate culture models. Over the past five decades, numerous animal models have been developed to study different aspects of myofibroblast biology and interactions with other cells and extracellular matrix. The underlying principles can be broadly classified into: (1) organ injury by trauma such as prototypical full thickness skin wounds or burns; (2) mechanical challenges, such as pressure overload of the heart by ligature of the aorta or the pulmonary vein; (3) toxic injury, such as administration of bleomycin to lungs and carbon tetrachloride to the liver; (4) organ infection with viruses, bacteria, and parasites, such as nematode infections of liver; (5) cytokine and inflammatory models, including local delivery or viral overexpression of active transforming growth factor beta; (6) "lifestyle" and metabolic models such as high-fat diet; and (7) various genetic models. We will briefly summarize the most widely used mouse models used to study myofibroblasts in tissue repair and fibrosis as well as genetic tools for manipulating myofibroblast repair functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lagares
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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12
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Kimura K, Ramirez K, Nguyen TAV, Yamashiro Y, Sada A, Yanagisawa H. Contribution of PDGFRα-positive cells in maintenance and injury responses in mouse large vessels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8683. [PMID: 33883668 PMCID: PMC8060414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The maladaptive remodeling of vessel walls with neointima formation is a common feature of proliferative vascular diseases. It has been proposed that neointima formation is caused by the dedifferentiation of mature smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Recent evidence suggests that adventitial cells also participate in neointima formation; however, their cellular dynamics are not fully understood. In this study, we utilized a lineage tracing model of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa) cells and examined cellular behavior during homeostasis and injury response. PDGFRa marked adventitial cells that were largely positive for Sca1 and a portion of medial SMCs, and both cell types were maintained for 2 years. Upon carotid artery ligation, PDGFRa-positive (+) cells were slowly recruited to the neointima and exhibited an immature SMC phenotype. In contrast, in a more severe wire denudation injury, PDGFRa+ cells were recruited to the neointima within 14 days and fully differentiated into SMCs. Under pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction, PDGFRa+ cells developed marked adventitial fibrosis. Taken together, our observations suggest that PDGFRa+ cells serve as a reservoir of adventitial cells and a subset of medial SMCs and underscore their context-dependent response to vascular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kimura
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Karina Ramirez
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tram Anh Vu Nguyen
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshito Yamashiro
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Aiko Sada
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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13
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Mueller AC, Piper M, Goodspeed A, Bhuvane S, Williams JS, Bhatia S, Phan AV, Van Court B, Zolman KL, Peña B, Oweida AJ, Zakem S, Meguid C, Knitz MW, Darragh L, Bickett TE, Gadwa J, Mestroni L, Taylor MRG, Jordan KR, Dempsey P, Lucia MS, McCarter MD, Chiaro MD, Messersmith WA, Schulick RD, Goodman KA, Gough MJ, Greene CS, Costello JC, Neto AG, Lagares D, Hansen KC, Van Bokhoven A, Karam SD. Induction of ADAM10 by Radiation Therapy Drives Fibrosis, Resistance, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchyal Transition in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3255-3269. [PMID: 33526513 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stromal fibrosis activates prosurvival and proepithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In patient tumors treated with neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), we found upregulation of fibrosis, extracellular matrix (ECM), and EMT gene signatures, which can drive therapeutic resistance and tumor invasion. Molecular, functional, and translational analysis identified two cell-surface proteins, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and ephrinB2, as drivers of fibrosis and tumor progression after radiation therapy (RT). RT resulted in increased ADAM10 expression in tumor cells, leading to cleavage of ephrinB2, which was also detected in plasma. Pharmacologic or genetic targeting of ADAM10 decreased RT-induced fibrosis and tissue tension, tumor cell migration, and invasion, sensitizing orthotopic tumors to radiation killing and prolonging mouse survival. Inhibition of ADAM10 and genetic ablation of ephrinB2 in fibroblasts reduced the metastatic potential of tumor cells after RT. Stimulation of tumor cells with ephrinB2 FC protein reversed the reduction in tumor cell invasion with ADAM10 ablation. These findings represent a model of PDAC adaptation that explains resistance and metastasis after RT and identifies a targetable pathway to enhance RT efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting a previously unidentified adaptive resistance mechanism to radiation therapy in PDAC tumors in combination with radiation therapy could increase survival of the 40% of PDAC patients with locally advanced disease.See related commentary by Garcia Garcia et al., p. 3158 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/12/3255/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Mueller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Miles Piper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew Goodspeed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shiv Bhuvane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jason S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andy V Phan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Benjamin Van Court
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kathryn L Zolman
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brisa Peña
- Department of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ayman J Oweida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Zakem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cheryl Meguid
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael W Knitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laurel Darragh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas E Bickett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jacob Gadwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Department of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Department of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kimberly R Jordan
- Human Immune Monitoring Shared Resource, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter Dempsey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - M Scott Lucia
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Martin D McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marco Del Chiaro
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wells A Messersmith
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Richard D Schulick
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Karyn A Goodman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Casey S Greene
- Center for Health Artificial Intelligence, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Antonio Galveo Neto
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David Lagares
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Adrie Van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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14
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Wang S, Cao S, Arhatte M, Li D, Shi Y, Kurz S, Hu J, Wang L, Shao J, Atzberger A, Wang Z, Wang C, Zang W, Fleming I, Wettschureck N, Honoré E, Offermanns S. Adipocyte Piezo1 mediates obesogenic adipogenesis through the FGF1/FGFR1 signaling pathway in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2303. [PMID: 32385276 PMCID: PMC7211025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) expansion in obesity occurs through enlargement of preexisting adipocytes (hypertrophy) and through formation of new adipocytes (adipogenesis). Adipogenesis results in WAT hyperplasia, smaller adipocytes and a metabolically more favourable form of obesity. How obesogenic WAT hyperplasia is induced remains, however, poorly understood. Here, we show that the mechanosensitive cationic channel Piezo1 mediates diet-induced adipogenesis. Mice lacking Piezo1 in mature adipocytes demonstrated defective differentiation of preadipocyte into mature adipocytes when fed a high fat diet (HFD) resulting in larger adipocytes, increased WAT inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. Opening of Piezo1 in mature adipocytes causes the release of the adipogenic fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), which induces adipocyte precursor differentiation through activation of the FGF-receptor-1. These data identify a central feed-back mechanism by which mature adipocytes control adipogenesis during the development of obesity and suggest Piezo1-mediated adipocyte mechano-signalling as a mechanism to modulate obesity and its metabolic consequences. Adipose tissue expansion occurs via enlargement of adipocytes as well as the generation of new fat cells, the latter being associated with more favorable metabolic outcomes. Here, the authors show that activation of adipocyte Piezo1 results in release of FGF1 and stimulates the differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShengPeng Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, No.76 West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shuang Cao
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, No.76 West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, China
| | - Malika Arhatte
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France
| | - Dahui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, No.76 West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, China
| | - Sabrina Kurz
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jingchen Shao
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ann Atzberger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Flow Cytometry Service Group, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changhe Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eric Honoré
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
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15
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Miwa H, Itoh N. Unknown genes, Cebelin and Cebelin-like, predominantly expressed in mouse brain. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00773. [PMID: 30294689 PMCID: PMC6168733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified two genes, Cebelin and Cebelin-like, encoding unknown proteins in mice. Cebelin and Cebelin-like consist of 168 and 167 amino acids with putative secreted signal sequences. However, Cebelin and Cebelin-like are cellular proteins not secreted proteins. Cebelin and Cebelin-like were predominantly expressed in the brain among major tissues examined. The expression of Cebelin in the brain was predominantly detected in the internal granule layer of the cerebellum.
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16
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Miwa H, Era T. Tracing the destiny of mesenchymal stem cells from embryo to adult bone marrow and white adipose tissue via Pdgfrα expression. Development 2018; 145:145/2/dev155879. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.155879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are somatic stem cells that can be derived from adult bone marrow (BM) and white adipose tissue (WAT), and that display multipotency and self-renewal capacity. Although MSCs are essential for tissue formation and have already been used in clinical therapy, the origins and markers of these cells remain unknown. In this study, we first investigated the developmental process of MSCs in mouse embryos using the gene encoding platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (Pdgfra) as a marker. We then traced cells expressing Pdgfra and other genes (brachyury, Sox1 and Pmx1) in various mutant mouse embryos until the adult stage. This tracing of MSC origins and destinies indicates that embryonic MSCs emerge in waves and that almost all adult BM MSCs and WAT MSCs originate from mesoderm and embryonic Pdgfrα-positive cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that adult Pdgfrα-positive cells are involved in some pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miwa
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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17
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Guo Y, Gupte M, Umbarkar P, Singh AP, Sui JY, Force T, Lal H. Entanglement of GSK-3β, β-catenin and TGF-β1 signaling network to regulate myocardial fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:109-120. [PMID: 28756206 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nearly every form of the heart disease is associated with myocardial fibrosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of activated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Although, CFs are the primary mediators of myocardial fibrosis in a diseased heart, in the traditional view, activated CFs (myofibroblasts) and resulting fibrosis were simply considered the secondary consequence of the disease, not the cause. Recent studies from our lab and others have challenged this concept by demonstrating that fibroblast activation and fibrosis are not simply the secondary consequence of a diseased heart, but are crucial for mediating various myocardial disease processes. In regards to the mechanism, the vast majority of literature is focused on the direct role of canonical SMAD-2/3-mediated TGF-β signaling to govern the fibrogenic process. Herein, we will discuss the emerging role of the GSK-3β, β-catenin and TGF-β1-SMAD-3 signaling network as a critical regulator of myocardial fibrosis in the diseased heart. The underlying molecular interactions and cross-talk among signaling pathways will be discussed. We will primarily focus on recent in vivo reports demonstrating that CF-specific genetic manipulation can lead to aberrant myocardial fibrosis and sturdy cardiac phenotype. This will allow for a better understanding of the driving role of CFs in the myocardial disease process. We will also review the specificity and limitations of the currently available genetic tools used to study myocardial fibrosis and its associated mechanisms. A better understanding of the GSK-3β, β-catenin and SMAD-3 signaling network may provide a novel therapeutic target for the management of myocardial fibrosis in the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Manisha Gupte
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Anand Prakash Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Jennifer Y Sui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Thomas Force
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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18
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Shi HB, Lou JL, Shi HL, Ren F, Chen Y, Duan ZP. Construction of Gpm6a/Reelin GFPCreERT2 by BAC recombination using a specific gene in hepatic mesothelial or stellate cells. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:224-231. [PMID: 28127196 PMCID: PMC5236502 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i2.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To prepare a Gpm6a/ReelinGFPCreERT2 construct with a rapid and reliable strategy using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). METHODS Gpm6a and Reelin BACs were purified and transformed into SW102 E. coli by electroporation. The GFPCreERT2 fragment was prepared from a shuttle vector and transformed into SW102 E. coli carrying a BAC. Homologous recombination was induced in SW102 E. coli. Recombinant clones were screened and confirmed by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Recombinant clones were transformed into SW102 E. coli to remove the kanamycin unit. RESULTS A complete BAC was successfully transformed into SW102 E. coli by electroporation because BAC purified from SW102 E. coli showed the same pattern as the original BAC with BamHI digestion. The GFPCreERT2 fragment was deemed to have been prepared successfully because we obtained the same size fragment as expected. Homologous recombination was induced, and GFPCreERT2 was deemed to have been inserted into the correct site of the BAC because we found the band change was the same as the expected pattern after restriction enzyme digestion. The kanamycin unit was deemed to have been removed successfully because we obtained different sizes of bands that were consistent with the results expected by PCR with different primers. CONCLUSION The construct of Gpm6aGFPCreERT2 or ReelinGFPCreERT2 was prepared successfully, which will establish a foundation for tracing the hepatic stellate cell lineage and studying its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Shi
- Hong-Bo Shi, Hong-Lin Shi, Feng Ren, Zhong-Ping Duan, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jin-Li Lou
- Hong-Bo Shi, Hong-Lin Shi, Feng Ren, Zhong-Ping Duan, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Lin Shi
- Hong-Bo Shi, Hong-Lin Shi, Feng Ren, Zhong-Ping Duan, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Hong-Bo Shi, Hong-Lin Shi, Feng Ren, Zhong-Ping Duan, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Hong-Bo Shi, Hong-Lin Shi, Feng Ren, Zhong-Ping Duan, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Duan
- Hong-Bo Shi, Hong-Lin Shi, Feng Ren, Zhong-Ping Duan, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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19
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Liu J, Xu Z, Wu W, Wang Y, Shan T. CreRecombinase Strains Used for the Study of Adipose Tissues and Adipocyte Progenitors. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2698-2703. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Weiche Wu
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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Doppler SA, Carvalho C, Lahm H, Deutsch MA, Dreßen M, Puluca N, Lange R, Krane M. Cardiac fibroblasts: more than mechanical support. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S36-S51. [PMID: 28446967 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are cells with a structural function, synthesizing components of the extracellular matrix. They are accordingly associated with various forms of connective tissue. During cardiac development fibroblasts originate from different sources. Most derive from the epicardium, some derive from the endocardium, and a small population derives from the neural crest. Cardiac fibroblasts have important functions during development, homeostasis, and disease. However, since fibroblasts are a very heterogeneous cell population no truly specific markers exist. Therefore, studying them in detail is difficult. Nevertheless, several lineage tracing models have been widely used. In this review, we describe the developmental origins of cardiac fibroblasts, comment on fibroblast markers and related lineage tracing approaches, and discuss the cardiac cell composition, which has recently been revised, especially in terms of non-myocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A Doppler
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Catarina Carvalho
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus-André Deutsch
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nazan Puluca
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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21
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Swonger JM, Liu JS, Ivey MJ, Tallquist MD. Genetic tools for identifying and manipulating fibroblasts in the mouse. Differentiation 2016; 92:66-83. [PMID: 27342817 PMCID: PMC5079827 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of mouse genetic tools to track and manipulate fibroblasts has provided invaluable in vivo information regarding the activities of these cells. Recently, many new mouse strains have been described for the specific purpose of studying fibroblast behavior. Colorimetric reporter mice and lines expressing Cre are available for the study of fibroblasts in the organs prone to fibrosis, including heart, kidney, liver, lung, and skeletal muscle. In this review we summarize the current state of the models that have been used to define tissue resident fibroblast populations. While these complex genetic reagents provide unique insights into the process of fibrosis, they also require a thorough understanding of the caveats and limitations. Here, we discuss the specificity and efficiency of the available genetic models and briefly describe how they have been used to document the mechanisms of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Swonger
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jocelyn S Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Malina J Ivey
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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22
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Chemotaxis during neural crest migration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 55:111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a significant global health problem associated with nearly all forms of heart disease. Cardiac fibroblasts comprise an essential cell type in the heart that is responsible for the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix; however, upon injury, these cells transform to a myofibroblast phenotype and contribute to cardiac fibrosis. This remodeling involves pathological changes that include chamber dilation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, and ultimately leads to the progression to heart failure. Despite the critical importance of fibrosis in cardiovascular disease, our limited understanding of the cardiac fibroblast impedes the development of potential therapies that effectively target this cell type and its pathological contribution to disease progression. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the origins and roles of fibroblasts, mediators and signaling pathways known to influence fibroblast function after myocardial injury, as well as novel therapeutic strategies under investigation to attenuate cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Travers
- From the Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Fadia A Kamal
- From the Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Jeffrey Robbins
- From the Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- From the Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Burns C Blaxall
- From the Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.
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