1
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Staines MN, Versace H, Laloë JO, Smith CE, Madden Hof CA, Booth DT, Tibbetts IR, Hays GC. Short-term resilience to climate-induced temperature increases for equatorial sea turtle populations. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6546-6557. [PMID: 37795641 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Projection models are being increasingly used to manage threatened taxa by estimating their responses to climate change. Sea turtles are particularly susceptible to climate change as they have temperature-dependent sex determination and increased sand temperatures on nesting beaches could result in the 'feminisation' of hatchling sex ratios for some populations. This study modelled likely long-term trends in sand temperatures and hatchling sex ratios at an equatorial nesting site for endangered green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and critically endangered hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata). A total of 1078 days of sand temperature data were collected from 28 logger deployments at nest depth between 2018 and 2022 in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Long-term trends in sand temperature were generated from a model using air temperature as an environmental proxy. The influence of rainfall and seasonal variation on sand temperature was also investigated. Between 1960 and 2019, we estimated that sand temperature increased by ~0.6°C and the average hatchling sex ratio was relatively balanced (46.2% female, SD = 10.7). No trends were observed in historical rainfall anomalies and projections indicated no further changes to rainfall until 2100. Therefore, the sex ratio models were unlikely to be influenced by changing rainfall patterns. A relatively balanced sex ratio such as this is starkly different to the extremely female-skewed hatchling sex ratio (>99% female) reported for another Coral Sea nesting site, Raine Island (~850 km West). This PNG nesting site is likely rare in the global context, as it is less threatened by climate-induced feminisation. Although there is no current need for 'cooling' interventions, the mean projected sex ratios for 2020-2100 were estimated 76%-87% female, so future interventions may be required to increase male production. Our use of long-term sand temperature and rainfall trends has advanced our understanding of climate change impacts on sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N Staines
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hayley Versace
- Conflict Islands Conservation Initiative, Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jacques-Olivier Laloë
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caitlin E Smith
- World Wide Fund for Nature-Australia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Hervey Bay, Australia
| | | | - David T Booth
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian R Tibbetts
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graeme C Hays
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Huntsman BM, Young MJ, Feyrer FV, Stumpner PR, Brown LR, Burau JR. Hydrodynamics and habitat interact to structure fish communities within terminal channels of a tidal freshwater delta. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brock M. Huntsman
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center Sacramento California USA
| | - Matthew J. Young
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center West Sacramento California USA
| | - Frederick V. Feyrer
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center West Sacramento California USA
| | - Paul R. Stumpner
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center West Sacramento California USA
| | - Larry R. Brown
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center Sacramento California USA
| | - Jon R. Burau
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center West Sacramento California USA
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3
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Cline TJ, Muhlfeld CC, Kovach R, Al-Chokhachy R, Schmetterling D, Whited D, Lynch AJ. Socioeconomic resilience to climatic extremes in a freshwater fishery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1396. [PMID: 36070376 PMCID: PMC9451147 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity is a central feature of ecosystem resilience, but how this translates to socioeconomic resilience depends on people's ability to track shifting resources in space and time. Here, we quantify how climatic extremes have influenced how people (fishers) track economically valuable ecosystem services (fishing opportunities) across a range of spatial scales in rivers of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA, over the past three decades. Fishers opportunistically shifted from drought-sensitive to drought-resistant rivers during periods of low streamflows and warm temperatures. This adaptive behavior stabilized fishing pressure and expenditures by a factor of 2.6 at the scale of the regional fishery (i.e., portfolio effect). However, future warming is predicted to homogenize habitat options that enable adaptive behavior by fishers, putting ~30% of current spending at risk across the region. Maintaining a diverse portfolio of fishing opportunities that enable people to exploit shifting resources provides an important resilience mechanism for mitigating the socioeconomic impacts of climate change on fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Cline
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, West Glacier, MT, USA
| | - Clint C. Muhlfeld
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, West Glacier, MT, USA
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA
| | - Ryan Kovach
- Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Robert Al-Chokhachy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - Diane Whited
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA
| | - Abigail J. Lynch
- National Climate Adaptation Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
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4
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Isaak DJ, Young MK, Horan DL, Nagel D, Schwartz MK, McKelvey KS. Do metapopulations and management matter for relict headwater bull trout populations in a warming climate? ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2594. [PMID: 35343015 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mountain headwater streams have emerged as important climate refuges for native cold-water species due to their slow climate velocities and extreme physical conditions that inhibit non-native invasions. Species persisting in refuges often do so as fragmented, relict populations from broader historical distributions that are subject to ongoing habitat reductions and increasing isolation as climate change progresses. Key for conservation planning is determining where remaining populations will persist and how habitat restoration strategies can improve biological resilience to enhance the long-term prospects for species of concern. Studying bull trout, a headwater species in the northwestern USA, we developed habitat occupancy models using a data set of population occurrence in 991 natal habitat patches with a suite of novel geospatial covariates derived from high-resolution hydroclimatic scenarios and other sources representing watershed and instream habitat conditions, patch geometry, disturbance, and biological interactions. The best model correctly predicted bull trout occupancy status in 82.6% of the patches and included effects for: patch size estimated as habitat volume, extent of within-patch reaches <9°C mean August temperature, distance to nearest occupied patch, road density, invasive brook trout prevalence, patch slope, and frequency of high winter flows. The model was used to assess 16 scenarios of bull trout occurrence within the study streams that represented a range of restoration strategies under three climatic conditions (baseline, moderate change, and extreme change). Results suggested that regional improvements in bull trout status were difficult to achieve in realistic restoration strategies due to the pervasive nature of climate change and the limited extent of restoration actions given their high costs. However, occurrence probabilities in a subset of patches were highly responsive to restoration actions, suggesting that targeted investments to improve the resilience of some populations may be contextually beneficial. A possible strategy, therefore, is focusing effort on responsive populations near more robust population strongholds, thereby contributing to local enclaves where dispersal among populations further enhances resilience. Equally important, strongholds constituted a small numerical percentage of patches (5%-21%), yet encompassed the large majority of occupied habitat by volume (72%-89%) and their protection could have significant conservation benefits for bull trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Isaak
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Michael K Young
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Dona L Horan
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - David Nagel
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Michael K Schwartz
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kevin S McKelvey
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, USA
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Hydroclimatic Conditions, Wildfire, and Species Assemblages Influence Co-Occurrence of Bull Trout and Tailed Frogs in Northern Rocky Mountain Streams. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and tailed frogs (Ascaphus montanus) have co-existed in forested Pacific Northwest streams for millennia, these iconic cold-water specialists are experiencing rapid environmental change caused by a warming climate and enhanced wildfire activity. Our goal was to inform future conservation by examining the habitat associations of each species and conditions that facilitate co-occupancy. We repurposed data from previous studies in the northern Rocky Mountains to assess the efficacy of bull trout electrofishing surveys for determining the occurrence of tailed frogs and the predictive capacity of habitat covariates derived from in-stream measurements and geospatial sources to model distributions of both species. Electrofishing reliably detected frog presence (89.2% rate). Both species were strongly associated with stream temperature and flow regime characteristics, and less responsive to riparian canopy cover, slope, and other salmonids. Tailed frogs were also sensitive to wildfire, with occupancy probability peaking around 80 years after a fire. Co-occupancy was most probable in locations with low-to-moderate frequencies of high winter flow events, few other salmonids, a low base-flow index, and intermediate years since fire. The distributions of these species appear to be sensitive to environmental conditions that are changing this century in forests of the northern Rocky Mountains. The amplification of climate-driven effects after wildfire may prove to be particularly problematic in the future. Habitat differences between these two species, considered to be headwater specialists, suggest that conservation measures designed for one may not fully protect the other. Additional studies involving future climate and wildfire scenarios are needed to assess broader conservation strategies and the potential to identify refuge streams where both species are likely to persist, or complementary streams where each could exist separately into the future.
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FitzGerald AM, Martin BT. Quantification of thermal impacts across freshwater life stages to improve temperature management for anadromous salmonids. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac013. [PMID: 35492417 PMCID: PMC9041423 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Water temperature is the major controlling factor that shapes the physiology, behaviour and, ultimately, survival of aquatic ectotherms. Here we examine temperature effects on the survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a species of high economic and conservation importance. We implement a framework to assess how incremental changes in temperature impact survival across populations that is based on thermal performance models for three freshwater life stages of Chinook salmon. These temperature-dependent models were combined with local spatial distribution and phenology data to translate spatial-temporal stream temperature data into maps of life stage-specific physiological performance in space and time. Specifically, we converted temperature-dependent performance (i.e. energy used by pre-spawned adults, mortality of incubating embryos and juvenile growth rate) into a common currency that measures survival in order to compare thermal effects across life stages. Based on temperature data from two abnormally warm and dry years for three managed rivers in the Central Valley, California, temperature-dependent mortality during pre-spawning holding was higher than embryonic mortality or juvenile mortality prior to smolting. However, we found that local phenology and spatial distribution helped to mitigate negative thermal impacts. In a theoretical application, we showed that high temperatures may inhibit successful reintroduction of threatened Central Valley spring-run Chinook salmon to two rivers where they have been extirpated. To increase Chinook salmon population sizes, especially for the threatened and declining spring-run, our results indicate that adults may need more cold-water holding habitat than currently available in order to reduce pre-spawning mortality stemming from high temperatures. To conclude, our framework is an effective way to calculate thermal impacts on multiple salmonid populations and life stages within a river over time, providing local managers the information to minimize negative thermal impacts on salmonid populations, particularly important during years when cold-water resources are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin T Martin
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Bayesian spatio-temporal models for stream networks. Comput Stat Data Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2022.107446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Turner RK, Maclean IMD. Microclimate-driven trends in spring-emergence phenology in a temperate reptile ( Vipera berus): Evidence for a potential "climate trap"? Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8623. [PMID: 35169459 PMCID: PMC8831210 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change can not only increase the exposure of organisms to higher temperatures but can also drive phenological shifts that alter their susceptibility to conditions at the onset of breeding cycles. Organisms rely on climatic cues to time annual life cycle events, but the extent to which climate change has altered cue reliability remains unclear. Here, we examined the risk of a "climate trap"-a climatically driven desynchronization of the cues that determine life cycle events and fitness later in the season in a temperate reptile, the European adder (Vipera berus). During the winter, adders hibernate underground, buffered against subzero temperatures, and re-emerge in the spring to reproduce. We derived annual spring-emergence trends between 1983 and 2017 from historical observations in Cornwall, UK, and related these trends to the microclimatic conditions that adders experienced. Using a mechanistic microclimate model, we computed below- and near-ground temperatures to derive accumulated degree-hour and absolute temperature thresholds that predicted annual spring-emergence timing. Trends in annual-emergence timing and subsequent exposure to ground frost were then quantified. We found that adders have advanced their phenology toward earlier emergence. Earlier emergence was associated with increased exposure to ground frost and, contradicting the expected effects of macroclimate warming, increased post-emergence exposure to ground frost at some locations. The susceptibility of adders to this "climate trap" was related to the rate at which frost risk diminishes relative to advancement in phenology, which depends on the seasonality of climate. We emphasize the need to consider exposure to changing microclimatic conditions when forecasting biological impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Turner
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
- Present address:
NERC UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyWallingfordOxfordshireUK
- Present address:
Durrell Institute of Conservation and EcologySchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
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9
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Reeder WJ, Gariglio F, Carnie R, Tang C, Isaak D, Chen Q, Yu Z, McKean JA, Tonina D. Some (Fish Might) Like It Hot: Habitat Quality and Fish Growth from Past to Future Climates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147532. [PMID: 34949897 PMCID: PMC8691523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Current expectation is that projected climate change may have adverse effects on fish habitats and survival. The analysis leading to these concerns is typically done at large scale with limited possibility to quantify the local biological response and compare with previous conditions. Our research investigated the effects of recorded climate conditions on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning and rearing habitats and growth responses to the local climate and compared those conditions to predicted responses to a climate change. The study site was a 7 km long reach of Bear Valley Creek, an important spawning stream for this US Endangered Species Act listed species, in the Pacific Northwest of United States. We used 2D numerical modeling supported by accurate, high-resolution survey data to calculate flow hydraulics at various discharges from base to bankfull flows. For past and future conditions, computed flow hydraulics were combined with habitat suitability indices (SI) to compute spawning and rearing habitat suitability. Information on habitat suitability along with fish density and stream water temperature informed a growth model to quantify the potential fish size, an index of survival rates and fitness. Our results indicate that yearly-averaged rearing habitat quality remains similar to historic, but the timing of high- and low-quality habitat periods shift within the calendar year. Future spawning habitat quality may be significantly reduced during the seasonal period to which Chinook have currently adapted their spawning behavior. The growth model indicates an increase in anticipated size of Chinook salmon for predicted future climate conditions due to water temperature increase. Consequently, future climate conditions may have a substantial negative impact on spawning and limited impact on rearing conditions due to flow reduction and thus quality and extent of available habitat. However, the expected warmer stream water temperatures may benefit rearing, because of increased fish size in these high elevation streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jeff Reeder
- University of Idaho, Center for Ecohydraulics Research, 322 E. Front Street, suite 340, Boise, Idaho 83702
| | - Frank Gariglio
- Idaho Power | Resource Planning and Operations, 1221 W. Idaho St., Boise Idaho
| | - Ryan Carnie
- GeoEngineers, Inc., 412 East Parkcenter Boulevard, Suite 305, Boise, Idaho 83706
| | | | - Daniel Isaak
- US Forest Service Emeritus Scientist, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 322 E. Front Street, suite 401 Boise, Idaho 83702
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhongbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - James A McKean
- US Forest Service Emeritus Scientist, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 322 E. Front Street, suite 401 Boise, Idaho 83702
| | - Daniele Tonina
- University of Idaho, Center for Ecohydraulics Research, 322 E. Front Street, suite 340, Boise, Idaho 83702
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10
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Durhack TC, Mochnacz NJ, Macnaughton CJ, Enders EC, Treberg JR. Life through a wider scope: Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) exhibit similar aerobic scope across a broad temperature range. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:102929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Armstrong JB, Fullerton AH, Jordan CE, Ebersole JL, Bellmore JR, Arismendi I, Penaluna B, Reeves GH. The importance of warm habitat to the growth regime of cold-water fishes. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2021; 11:354-361. [PMID: 35475125 PMCID: PMC9037341 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-021-00994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A common goal of biological adaptation planning is to identify and prioritize locations that remain suitably cool during summer. This implicitly devalues areas that are ephemerally warm, even if they are suitable most of the year for mobile animals. Here we develop an alternative conceptual framework, the growth regime, which considers seasonal and landscape variation in physiological performance, focusing on riverine fish. Using temperature models for 14 river basins, we show that growth opportunities propagate up and down river networks on a seasonal basis, and that downstream habitats that are suboptimally warm in summer may actually provide the majority of growth potential expressed annually. We demonstrate with an agent-based simulation that shoulder-season use of warmer downstream habitats can fuel annual fish production. Our work reveals a synergy between cold and warm habitats that could be fundamental for supporting coldwater fisheries, highlighting the risk in conservation strategies that underappreciate warm habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B. Armstrong
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | | | | | | | - James R. Bellmore
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Forest Service, Juneau, AK, USA
| | - Ivan Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Brooke Penaluna
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gordon H. Reeves
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, USA
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12
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Dibble KL, Yackulic CB, Kennedy TA, Bestgen KR, Schmidt JC. Water storage decisions will determine the distribution and persistence of imperiled river fishes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02279. [PMID: 33336387 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Managing the world's freshwater supply to meet societal and environmental needs in a changing climate is one of the biggest challenges for the 21st century. Dams provide water security; however, the allocation of dwindling water supply among reservoirs could exacerbate or ameliorate the effects of climate change on aquatic communities. Here, we show that the relative sensitivity of river thermal regimes to direct impacts of climate change and societal decisions concerning water storage vary substantially throughout a river basin. In the absence of interspecific interactions, future Colorado River temperatures would appear to benefit both endemic and nonnative fish species. However, endemic species are already declining or extirpated in locations where their ranges overlap with warmwater nonnatives and changes in water storage may lead to warming in some of the coolest portions of the river basin, facilitating further nonnative expansion. Integrating environmental considerations into ongoing water storage negotiations may lead to better resource outcomes than mitigating nonnative species impacts after the fact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Dibble
- Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86001, USA
| | - Charles B Yackulic
- Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86001, USA
| | - Theodore A Kennedy
- Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86001, USA
| | - Kevin R Bestgen
- Larval Fish Laboratory, Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 1474 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - John C Schmidt
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5210, USA
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13
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FitzGerald AM, John SN, Apgar TM, Mantua NJ, Martin BT. Quantifying thermal exposure for migratory riverine species: Phenology of Chinook salmon populations predicts thermal stress. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:536-549. [PMID: 33216441 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Migratory species are particularly vulnerable to climate change because habitat throughout their entire migration cycle must be suitable for the species to persist. For migratory species in rivers, predicting climate change impacts is especially difficult because there is a lack of spatially continuous and seasonally varying stream temperature data, habitat conditions can vary for an individual throughout its life cycle, and vulnerability can vary by life stage and season. To predict thermal impacts on migratory riverine populations, we first expanded a spatial stream network model to predict mean monthly temperature for 465,775 river km in the western U.S., and then applied simple yet plausible future stream temperature change scenarios. We then joined stream temperature predictions to 44,396 spatial observations and life-stage-specific phenology (timing) for 26 ecotypes (i.e., geographically distinct population groups expressing one of the four distinct seasonal migration patterns) of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a phenotypically diverse anadromous salmonid that is ecologically and economically important but declining throughout its range. Thermal stress, assessed for each life stage and ecotype based on federal criteria, was influenced by migration timing rather than latitude, elevation, or migration distance such that sympatric ecotypes often showed differential thermal exposure. Early-migration phenotypes were especially vulnerable due to prolonged residency in inland streams during the summer. We evaluated the thermal suitability of 31,699 stream km which are currently blocked by dams to explore reintroduction above dams as an option to mitigate the negative effects of our warmer stream temperature scenarios. Our results showed that negative impacts of stream temperature warming can be offset for almost all ecotypes if formerly occupied habitat above dams is made available. Our approach of combining spatial distribution and phenology data with spatially explicit and temporally explicit temperature predictions enables researchers to examine thermal exposure of migrating populations that use seasonally varying habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M FitzGerald
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sara N John
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Travis M Apgar
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Nathan J Mantua
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin T Martin
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Klinges DH, Scheffers BR. Microgeography, Not Just Latitude, Drives Climate Overlap on Mountains from Tropical to Polar Ecosystems. Am Nat 2021; 197:75-92. [PMID: 33417520 DOI: 10.1086/711873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAn extension of the climate variability hypothesis is that relatively stable climate, such as that of the tropics, induces distinct thermal bands across elevation that render dispersal over tropical mountains difficult compared with temperate mountains. Yet ecosystems are not thermally static in space-time, especially at small scales, which might render some mountains greater thermal isolators than others. Here we provide an extensive investigation of temperature drivers from fine to coarse scales, and we demonstrate that the degree of similarity in temperatures at high and low elevations on mountains is driven by more than just absolute mountain height and latitude. We compiled a database of 29 mountains spanning six continents to characterize thermal overlap by vertically stratified microhabitats and biomes and owing to seasonal changes in foliage, demonstrating via mixed effects modeling that micro- and mesogeography more strongly influence thermal overlap than macrogeography. Impressively, an increase of 1 m of vertical microhabitat height generates an increase in overlap equivalent to a 5.26° change in latitude. In addition, forested mountains have reduced thermal overlap-149% lower-relative to nonforested mountains. We provide evidence in support of a climate hypothesis that emphasizes microgeography as a determinant of dispersal, demographics, and behavior, thereby refining the classical theory of macroclimate variability as a prominent driver of biogeography.
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15
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LeMoine MT, Eby LA, Clancy CG, Nyce LG, Jakober MJ, Isaak DJ. Landscape resistance mediates native fish species distribution shifts and vulnerability to climate change in riverscapes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5492-5508. [PMID: 32677074 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A broader understanding of how landscape resistance influences climate change vulnerability for many species is needed, as is an understanding of how barriers to dispersal may impact vulnerability. Freshwater biodiversity is at particular risk, but previous studies have focused on popular cold-water fishes (e.g., salmon, trout, and char) with relatively large body sizes and mobility. Those fishes may be able to track habitat change more adeptly than less mobile species. Smaller, less mobile fishes are rarely represented in studies demonstrating effects of climate change, but depending on their thermal tolerance, they may be particularly vulnerable to environmental change. By revisiting 280 sites over a 20 year interval throughout a warming riverscape, we described changes in occupancy (i.e., site extirpation and colonization probabilities) and assessed the environmental conditions associated with those changes for four fishes spanning a range of body sizes, thermal and habitat preferences. Two larger-bodied trout species exhibited small changes in site occupancy, with bull trout experiencing a 9.2% (95% CI = 8.3%-10.1%) reduction, mostly in warmer stream reaches, and westslope cutthroat trout experiencing a nonsignificant 1% increase. The small-bodied cool water slimy sculpin was originally distributed broadly throughout the network and experienced a 48.0% (95% CI = 42.0%-54.0%) reduction in site occupancy with declines common in warmer stream reaches and areas subject to wildfire disturbances. The small-bodied comparatively warmer water longnose dace primarily occupied larger streams and increased its occurrence in the lower portions of connected tributaries during the study period. Distribution shifts for sculpin and dace were significantly constrained by barriers, which included anthropogenic water diversions, natural step-pools and cascades in steeper upstream reaches. Our results suggest that aquatic communities exhibit a range of responses to climate change, and that improving passage and fluvial connectivity will be important climate adaptation tactics for conserving aquatic biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T LeMoine
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Skagit River Systems Cooperative, La Conner, WA, USA
| | - Lisa A Eby
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dan J Isaak
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Boise, ID, USA
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16
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Land-Cover and Climatic Controls on Water Temperature, Flow Permanence, and Fragmentation of Great Basin Stream Networks. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12071962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The seasonal and inter-annual variability of flow presence and water temperature within headwater streams of the Great Basin of the western United States limit the occurrence and distribution of coldwater fish and other aquatic species. To evaluate changes in flow presence and water temperature during seasonal dry periods, we developed spatial stream network (SSN) models from remotely sensed land-cover and climatic data that account for autocovariance within stream networks to predict the May to August flow presence and water temperature between 2015 and 2017 in two arid watersheds within the Great Basin: Willow and Whitehorse Creeks in southeastern Oregon and Willow and Rock Creeks in northern Nevada. The inclusion of spatial autocovariance structures improved the predictive performance of the May water temperature model when the stream networks were most connected, but only marginally improved the August water temperature model when the stream networks were most fragmented. As stream network fragmentation increased from the spring to the summer, the SSN models revealed a shift in the scale of processes affecting flow presence and water temperature from watershed-scale processes like snowmelt during high-runoff seasons to local processes like groundwater discharge during sustained seasonal dry periods.
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17
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Benjamin JR, Vidergar DT, Dunham JB. Thermal heterogeneity, migration, and consequences for spawning potential of female bull trout in a river-reservoir system. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4128-4142. [PMID: 32489636 PMCID: PMC7244891 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The likelihood that fish will initiate spawning, spawn successfully, or skip spawning in a given year is conditioned in part on availability of energy reserves. We evaluated the consequences of spatial heterogeneity in thermal conditions on the energy accumulation and spawning potential of migratory bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a regulated river-reservoir system. Based on existing data, we identified a portfolio of thermal exposures and migratory patterns and then estimated their influence on energy reserves of female bull trout with a bioenergetics model. Spawning by females was assumed to be possible if postspawning energy reserves equaled or exceeded 4 kJ/g. Given this assumption, results suggested up to 70% of the simulated fish could spawn each year. Fish that moved seasonally between a cold river segment and a warmer reservoir downstream had a greater growth rate and higher propensity to spawn in a given year (range: 40%-70%) compared with fish that resided solely in the cold river segment (25%-40%). On average, fish that spawned lost 30% of their energy content relative to their prespawn energy. In contrast, fish that skipped spawning accumulated, on average, 16% energy gains that could be used toward future gamete production. Skipped spawning occurred when water temperatures were relatively low or high, and if upstream migration occurred relatively late (mid-July or later) or early (early-May or earlier). Overall, our modeling effort suggests the configuration of thermal exposures, and the ability of bull trout to exploit this spatially and temporally variable thermal conditions can strongly influence energy reserves and likelihood of successful spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Benjamin
- U.S. Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterBoiseIdaho
| | | | - Jason B. Dunham
- U.S. Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterCorvallisOregon
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18
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Dillon ME, Lozier JD. Adaptation to the abiotic environment in insects: the influence of variability on ecophysiology and evolutionary genomics. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 36:131-139. [PMID: 31698151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in tools to gather environmental, phenotypic, and molecular data have accelerated our ability to detect abiotic drivers of variation across the genome-to-phenome spectrum in model and non-model insects. However, differences in the spatial and temporal resolution of these data sets may create gaps in our understanding of linkages between environment, genotype, and phenotype that yield missed or misleading results about adaptive variation. In this review we highlight sources of variability that might impact studies of phenotypic and 'omic environmental adaptation, challenges to collecting data at relevant scales, and possible solutions that link intensive fine-scale reductionist studies of mechanisms to large-scale biogeographic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Dillon
- Department of Zoology & Physiology and Program in Ecology, The University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Lozier
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
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19
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Scale effects on the performance of niche-based models of freshwater fish distributions: Local vs. upstream area influences. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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White SL, Kline BC, Hitt NP, Wagner T. Individual behaviour and resource use of thermally stressed brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis portend the conservation potential of thermal refugia. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:1061-1071. [PMID: 31309548 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Individual aggression and thermal refuge use were monitored in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in a controlled laboratory to determine how fish size and personality influence time spent in forage and thermal habitat patches during periods of thermal stress. On average, larger and more exploratory fish initiated more aggressive interactions and across all fish there was decreased aggression at warmer temperatures. Individual personality did not explain changes in aggression or habitat use with increased temperature; however, larger individuals initiated comparatively fewer aggressive interactions at warmer temperatures. Occupancy of forage patches generally declined as ambient stream temperatures approached critical maximum and fish increased thermal refuge use, with a steeper decline in forage patch occupancy observed in larger fish. These findings suggest that larger individuals may be more vulnerable to stream temperature rise. Importantly, even at thermally stressful temperatures, all fish periodically left the thermal refuge to forage. This indicates that the success of refugia at increasing population survival during periods of stream temperature rise may depend on the location of thermal refugia relative to forage locations within the larger habitat mosaic. These results provide insights into the potential for thermal refugia to improve population survival and can be used to inform predictions of population vulnerability to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L White
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamen C Kline
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Hitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Kaiser MJ. Sheltering from the effects of thermal stress. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:991. [PMID: 31523818 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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22
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23
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Temperature and oxygen related ecophysiological traits of snow trout (Schizothorax richardsonii) are sensitive to seasonal changes in a Himalayan stream environment. J Therm Biol 2019; 83:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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24
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Nowicki SA, Inman RD, Esque TC, Nussear KE, Edwards CS. Spatially Consistent High-Resolution Land Surface Temperature Mosaics for Thermophysical Mapping of the Mojave Desert. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19122669. [PMID: 31200500 PMCID: PMC6631031 DOI: 10.3390/s19122669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Daytime and nighttime thermal infrared observations acquired by the ASTER and MODIS instruments onboard the NASA Terra spacecraft have produced a dataset that can be used to map thermophysical properties across large regions, which have implications on surface processes, thermal environments and habitat suitability for desert species. ASTER scenes acquired between 2004 and 2012 are combined using new mosaicking and data-fusion techniques to produce a map of daytime and nighttime land surface temperature with coverage exclusive of the effects of clouds and weather. These data are combined with Landsat 7 visible imagery to generate a consistent map of apparent thermal inertia (ATI), which is related to the presence of exposed bedrock, rocks, fine-grained sediments and water on the surface. The resulting datasets are compared to known geomorphic units and surface types to generate an interpreted mechanical composition map of the entire Mojave Desert at 100 m per pixel that is most sensitive to large clast size distinctions in grain size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Nowicki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
- Quantum Spatial Inc., Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Richard D Inman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geologic Survey, Las Vegas Field Station, Henderson, NV 89074-8829, USA.
| | - Todd C Esque
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geologic Survey, Las Vegas Field Station, Henderson, NV 89074-8829, USA.
| | - Kenneth E Nussear
- Department of Geography, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Christopher S Edwards
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
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Franklin TW, Wilcox TM, McKelvey KS, Greaves SE, Dysthe JC, Young MK, Schwartz MK, Lindstrom J. Repurposing Environmental DNA Samples to Verify the Distribution of Rocky Mountain Tailed Frogs in the Warm Springs Creek Basin, Montana. NORTHWEST SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3955/046.093.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Franklin
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, Montana 59801
| | - Taylor M. Wilcox
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, Montana 59801
| | - Kevin S. McKelvey
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, Montana 59801
| | - Samuel E. Greaves
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, Montana 59801
| | - Joseph C. Dysthe
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, Montana 59801
| | - Michael K. Young
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, Montana 59801
| | - Michael K. Schwartz
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, Montana 59801
| | - Jason Lindstrom
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, PO Box 24, Anaconda, Montana 59711
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26
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Snyder MN, Schumaker NH, Ebersole JL, Dunham J, Comeleo R, Keefer M, Leinenbach P, Brookes A, Cope B, Wu J, Palmer J, Keenan D. Individual Based Modelling of Fish Migration in a 2-D River System: Model Description and Case Study. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2019; 34:737-754. [PMID: 33424124 PMCID: PMC7788051 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-019-00804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diadromous fish populations in the Pacific Northwest face challenges along their migratory routes from declining habitat quality, harvest, and barriers to longitudinal connectivity. These stressors complicate the prioritization of proposed management actions intended to improve conditions for migratory fishes including anadromous salmon and trout. OBJECTIVES We describe a multi-scale hybrid mechanistic-probabilistic simulation model linking migration corridor conditions to fish fitness outcomes. We demonstrate the model's utility using a case study of salmon and steelhead adults in the Columbia River migration corridor exposed to spatially- and temporally-varying stressors. METHODS The migration corridor simulation model is based on a behavioral decision tree that governs individual interactions with the environment, and an energetic submodel that estimates the hourly costs of migration. Emergent properties of the migration corridor simulation model include passage time, energy use, and survival. RESULTS We observed that the simulated fishes' initial energy density, the migration corridor temperatures they experienced, and their history of behavioral thermoregulation were the primary determinants of their fitness outcomes. Insights gained from use of the model might be exploited to identify management interventions that increase successful migration outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This paper describes new methods that extend the suite of tools available to aquatic biologists and conservation practitioners. We have developed a 2-dimensional spatially-explicit behavioral and physiological model and illustrated how it can be used to simulate fish migration within a river system. Our model can be used to evaluate trade-offs between behavioral thermoregulation and fish fitness at population scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcía N. Snyder
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 200 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Nathan H. Schumaker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 200 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Joseph L. Ebersole
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 200 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Jason Dunham
- US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Randy Comeleo
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 200 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Matthew Keefer
- University of Idaho, Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, 975 W. Sixth Street, Moscow, Idaho 83844
| | - Peter Leinenbach
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, 1200 6 Ave., Suite 155, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Allen Brookes
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 200 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Ben Cope
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, 1200 6 Ave., Suite 155, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Jennifer Wu
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, 1200 6 Ave., Suite 155, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - John Palmer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, 1200 6 Ave., Suite 155, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Druscilla Keenan
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, 1200 6 Ave., Suite 155, Seattle, WA 98101
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27
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Parlin AF, Schaeffer PJ. Plastron‐mounted loggers predict terrestrial turtle body temperature better than carapace‐mounted loggers. WILDLIFE SOC B 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam F. Parlin
- Miami UniversityDepartment of Biology700 E High Street, 212 Pearson HallOxfordOH45056USA
| | - Paul J. Schaeffer
- Miami UniversityDepartment of Biology700 E High Street, 212 Pearson HallOxfordOH45056USA
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28
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Eye in the Sky: Using UAV Imagery of Seasonal Riverine Canopy Growth to Model Water Temperature. HYDROLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, stream temperature processes controlled by aquatic macrophyte shading (i.e., the riverine canopy) was an unrecognized phenomenon. This study aims to address the question of the temporal and spatial scale of monitoring and modeling that is needed to accurately simulate canopy-controlled thermal processes. We do this by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery to quantify the temporal and spatial variability of the riverine canopy and subsequently develop a relationship between its growth and time. Then we apply an existing hydrodynamic and water temperature model to test various time steps of canopy growth interpolation and explore the balance between monitoring and computational efficiencies versus model performance and utility for management decisions. The results show that riverine canopies modeled at a monthly timescale are sufficient to represent water temperature processes at a resolution necessary for reach-scale water management decisions, but not local-scale. As growth patterns were more frequently updated, negligible changes were produced by the model. Spatial configurations of the riverine canopy vary interannually; new data may need to be gathered for each growth season. However, the risks of inclement field conditions during the early growth period are a challenge for monitoring via UAVs at sites with access constraints.
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Kärcher O, Hering D, Frank K, Markovic D. Freshwater species distributions along thermal gradients. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:111-124. [PMID: 30680100 PMCID: PMC6342105 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of a species along a thermal gradient is commonly approximated by a unimodal response curve, with a characteristic single optimum near the temperature where a species is most likely to be found, and a decreasing probability of occurrence away from the optimum. We aimed at identifying thermal response curves (TRCs) of European freshwater species and evaluating the potential impact of climate warming across species, taxonomic groups, and latitude. We first applied generalized additive models using catchment-scale global data on distribution ranges of 577 freshwater species native to Europe and four different temperature variables (the current annual mean air/water temperature and the maximum air/water temperature of the warmest month) to describe species TRCs. We then classified TRCs into one of eight curve types and identified spatial patterns in thermal responses. Finally, we integrated empirical TRCs and the projected geographic distribution of climate warming to evaluate the effect of rising temperatures on species' distributions. For the different temperature variables, 390-463 of 577 species (67.6%-80.2%) were characterized by a unimodal TRC. The number of species with a unimodal TRC decreased from central toward northern and southern Europe. Warming tolerance (WT = maximum temperature of occurrence-preferred temperature) was higher at higher latitudes. Preferred temperature of many species is already exceeded. Rising temperatures will affect most Mediterranean species. We demonstrated that freshwater species' occurrence probabilities are most frequently unimodal. The impact of the global climate warming on species distributions is species and latitude dependent. Among the studied taxonomic groups, rising temperatures will be most detrimental to fish. Our findings support the efforts of catchment-based freshwater management and conservation in the face of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Kärcher
- Faculty of Business Management and Social SciencesOsnabrück University of Applied SciencesOsnabrückGermany
| | - Daniel Hering
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic EcologyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Karin Frank
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research LtdDepartment for Ecological ModellingLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Environmental Systems ResearchUniversity of OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany
- iDiv – German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Danijela Markovic
- Faculty of Business Management and Social SciencesOsnabrück University of Applied SciencesOsnabrückGermany
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30
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Wilcox TM, Young MK, McKelvey KS, Isaak DJ, Horan DL, Schwartz MK. Fine‐scale environmental
DNA
sampling reveals climate‐mediated interactions between native and invasive trout species. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Wilcox
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation Rocky Mountain Research Station 800 E. Beckwith Avenue Missoula Montana 59801 USA
| | - Michael K. Young
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation Rocky Mountain Research Station 800 E. Beckwith Avenue Missoula Montana 59801 USA
| | - Kevin S. McKelvey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation Rocky Mountain Research Station 800 E. Beckwith Avenue Missoula Montana 59801 USA
| | - Daniel J. Isaak
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Boise Idaho 83702 USA
| | - Dona L. Horan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Boise Idaho 83702 USA
| | - Michael K. Schwartz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation Rocky Mountain Research Station 800 E. Beckwith Avenue Missoula Montana 59801 USA
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31
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Briggs MA, Johnson ZC, Snyder CD, Hitt NP, Kurylyk BL, Lautz L, Irvine DJ, Hurley ST, Lane JW. Inferring watershed hydraulics and cold-water habitat persistence using multi-year air and stream temperature signals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1117-1127. [PMID: 29913574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Streams strongly influenced by groundwater discharge may serve as "climate refugia" for sensitive species in regions of increasingly marginal thermal conditions. The main goal of this study is to develop paired air and stream water annual temperature signal analysis techniques to elucidate the relative groundwater contribution to stream water and the effective groundwater flowpath depth. Groundwater discharge to streams attenuates surface water temperature signals, and this attenuation can be diagnostic of groundwater gaining systems. Additionally, discharge from shallow groundwater flowpaths can theoretically transfer lagged annual temperature signals from aquifer to stream water. Here we explore this concept using multi-year temperature records from 120 stream sites located across 18 mountain watersheds of Shenandoah National Park, VA, USA and a coastal watershed in Massachusetts, USA. Both areas constitute important cold-water habitat for native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Observed annual temperature signals indicate a dominance of shallow groundwater discharge to streams in the National Park, in contrast to the coastal watershed that has strong, apparently deeper, groundwater influence. The average phase lag from air to stream signals in Shenandoah National Park is 11 d; however, extended lags of approximately 1 month were observed in a subset of streams. In contrast, the coastal stream has pronounced attenuation of annual temperature signals without notable phase lag. To better understand these observed differences in signal characteristics, analytical and numerical models are used to quantify mixing of the annual temperature signals of surface and groundwater. Simulations using a total heat budget numerical model indicate groundwater-induced annual temperature signal phase lags are likely to show greater downstream propagation than the related signal amplitude attenuation. The measurement of multi-seasonal paired air and water temperatures offers great promise toward understanding catchment processes and informing current cold-water habitat management at ecologically-relevant scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Briggs
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earth System Processes Division, Hydrogeophysics Branch, 11 Sherman Place, Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Zachary C Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Aquatic Ecology Branch, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Craig D Snyder
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Aquatic Ecology Branch, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Hitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Aquatic Ecology Branch, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Barret L Kurylyk
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Laura Lautz
- Department of Earth Sciences, Heroy Geology Building, Syracuse University, NY, USA
| | - Dylan J Irvine
- College of Science and Engineering, National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Stephen T Hurley
- Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, 195 Bournedale Road, Buzzards Bay, MA 02532, USA
| | - John W Lane
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earth System Processes Division, Hydrogeophysics Branch, 11 Sherman Place, Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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32
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Hill RA, Weber MH, Debbout RM, Leibowitz SG, Olsen AR. The Lake-Catchment (LakeCat) Dataset: characterizing landscape features for lake basins within the conterminous USA. FRESHWATER SCIENCE (PRINT) 2018; 37:208-221. [PMID: 29963332 PMCID: PMC6020677 DOI: 10.1086/697966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural and human-related landscape features influence the ecology and water quality of lakes. Summarizing these features in a hydrologically meaningful way is critical to understanding and managing lake ecosystems. Such summaries are often done by delineating watershed boundaries of individual lakes. However, many technical challenges are associated with delineating hundreds or thousands of lake watersheds at broad spatial extents. These challenges can limit the application of analyses and models to new, unsampled locations. We present the Lake-Catchment (LakeCat) Dataset (https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/lakecat) of watershed features for 378,088 lakes within the conterminous USA. We describe the methods we used to: 1) delineate lake catchments, 2) hydrologically connect nested lake catchments, and 3) generate several hundred watershed-level metrics that summarize both natural (e.g., soils, geology, climate, and land cover) and anthropogenic (e.g., urbanization, agriculture, and mines) features. We illustrate how this data set can be used with a random forest model to predict the probability of lake eutrophication by combining LakeCat with data from US Environmental Protection Agency's National Lakes Assessment (NLA). This model correctly predicted the trophic state of 72% of NLA lakes, and we applied the model to predict the probability of eutrophication at 297,071 unsampled lakes across the conterminous USA. The large suite of LakeCat metrics could be used to improve analyses of lakes at broad spatial extents, improve the applicability of analyses to unsampled lakes, and ultimately improve the management of these important ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Hill
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Post-doctoral Participant, c/o National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 USA
| | - Marc H Weber
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 USA
| | - Rick M Debbout
- Associate Software Engineer, CSRA Inc., c/o National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 USA
| | - Scott G Leibowitz
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 USA
| | - Anthony R Olsen
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 USA
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Temperature mediates the impact of non-native rainbow trout on native freshwater fishes in South Africa’s Cape Fold Ecoregion. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Huntsman BM, Martin RW, Patten K. Effects of Temperature and Spatial Scale on Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Growth and Abundance. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY 2018; 147:480-496. [PMID: 30245522 PMCID: PMC6145496 DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diversity in habitat and life-history strategies promote a species' long-term persistence. However, life-history strategies are most commonly studied at broad spatial and temporal scales. We applied longevity growth models and closed N-mixture models to examine within- versus between stream variability in life-history characteristics of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout in northern New Mexico streams. We developed a von Bertalanffy growth model and a closed N-mixture model in a hierarchical Bayesian framework to examine the importance of fine-scale variability in temperature and density-dependence on growth and abundance. The model indicated that accumulation of degree days likely positively influenced instantaneous growth rates and, to a lesser extent, negatively affected asymptotic body length. A nonlinear response of abundance to temperature was also observed, suggesting that Cutthroat Trout productivity along the temperature continuum was affected by physiological limitations (e.g., optimal growth temperatures). Parameter variability was greatest at the segment level for asymptotic size and abundance, but greatest at the stream level for the rate at which asymptotic size is reached. In total, the results suggest that fine-scale habitat heterogeneity (i.e., temperature) may play important roles in the continued persistence of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout. Management actions should, therefore, consider the role of fine-scale processes for improving the likelihood of future population persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock M. Huntsman
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.A
| | - Roy W. Martin
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268 U.S.A
| | - Kirk Patten
- New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Fisheries Management Division, Santa Fe, NM 87507, U.S.A
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