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Cantarello E, Jacobsen JB, Lloret F, Lindner M. Shaping and enhancing resilient forests for a resilient society. AMBIO 2024; 53:1095-1108. [PMID: 38580897 PMCID: PMC11183019 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The world is currently facing uncertainty caused by environmental, social, and economic changes and by political shocks. Fostering social-ecological resilience by enhancing forests' ability to provide a range of ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, habitat provision, and sustainable livelihoods, is key to addressing such uncertainty. However, policy makers and managers currently lack a clear understanding of how to operationalise the shaping of resilience through the combined challenges of climate change, the biodiversity crisis, and changes in societal demand. Based on a scientific literature review, we identified a set of actions related to ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, and disturbance and pressure impacts that forest managers and policy makers should attend to enhance the resilience of European forest systems. We conclude that the resilience shaping of forests should (1) adopt an operational approach, which is currently lacking, (2) identify and address existing and future trade-offs while reinforcing win-wins and (3) attend to local particularities through an adaptive management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cantarello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Jette Bredahl Jacobsen
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Francisco Lloret
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcus Lindner
- European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Guignabert A, Jonard M, Messier C, André F, de Coligny F, Doyon F, Ponette Q. Adaptive forest management improves stand-level resilience of temperate forests under multiple stressors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174168. [PMID: 38942315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Forests are expected to be strongly affected by modifications in climate and disturbance regimes, threatening their ability to sustain the provision of essential services. Promoting drought-tolerant species or functionally diverse stands have recently emerged as management options to cope with global change. Our study aimed at evaluating the impact of contrasting stand-level management scenarios on the resilience of temperate forests in eastern North America and central-western Europe using the individual process-based model HETEROFOR. We simulated the evolution of eight stands over 100 years under a future extreme climate according to four management scenarios (business as usual - BAU; climate change adaptation - CC; functional diversity approach - FD; no management - NM) while facing multiple disturbances, resulting in a total of 160 simulations. We found that FD demonstrated the greatest resilience regarding transpiration and tree biomass, followed by CC and then BAU, while these three scenarios were equivalent concerning the net primary production. These results were however dependent on forest type: increasing functional diversity was a powerful option to increase the resilience of coniferous plantations whereas no clear differences between BAU and adaptive management scenarios were detected in broadleaved and mixed stands. The FD promoted a higher level of tree species diversity than any other scenario, and all scenarios of management were similar regarding the amount of harvested wood. The NM always showed the lowest resilience, demonstrating that forest management could be an important tool to mitigate adverse effects of global change. Our study highlighted that tree-level process-based models are a relevant tool to identify suitable management options for adapting forests to global change provided that model limitations are considered, and that alternative management options, particularly those based on functional diversity, are promising and should be promoted from now on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Guignabert
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Jonard
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric André
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Frédérik Doyon
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Gough CM, Buma B, Jentsch A, Mathes KC, Fahey RT. Disturbance theory for ecosystem ecologists: A primer. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11403. [PMID: 38826158 PMCID: PMC11139967 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding what regulates ecosystem functional responses to disturbance is essential in this era of global change. However, many pioneering and still influential disturbance-related theorie proposed by ecosystem ecologists were developed prior to rapid global change, and before tools and metrics were available to test them. In light of new knowledge and conceptual advances across biological disciplines, we present four disturbance ecology concepts that are particularly relevant to ecosystem ecologists new to the field: (a) the directionality of ecosystem functional response to disturbance; (b) functional thresholds; (c) disturbance-succession interactions; and (d) diversity-functional stability relationships. We discuss how knowledge, theory, and terminology developed by several biological disciplines, when integrated, can enhance how ecosystem ecologists analyze and interpret functional responses to disturbance. For example, when interpreting thresholds and disturbance-succession interactions, ecosystem ecologists should consider concurrent biotic regime change, non-linearity, and multiple response pathways, typically the theoretical and analytical domain of population and community ecologists. Similarly, the interpretation of ecosystem functional responses to disturbance requires analytical approaches that recognize disturbance can promote, inhibit, or fundamentally change ecosystem functions. We suggest that truly integrative approaches and knowledge are essential to advancing ecosystem functional responses to disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Gough
- Department of Biology, College of Humanities & SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Brian Buma
- Environmental Defense FundBoulderColoradoUSA
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Colorado DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Kayla C. Mathes
- Department of Biology, College of Humanities & SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Robert T. Fahey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment & Center for Environmental Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
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4
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Bitani N, Cordier CP, Ehlers Smith DA, Ehlers Smith YC, Downs CT. Avian species functional diversity and habitat use: The role of forest structural attributes and tree diversity in the Midlands Mistbelt Forests of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10439. [PMID: 37664503 PMCID: PMC10469004 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Forest transformation has major impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Identifying the influence of forest habitat structure and composition on avian functional communities is important for conserving and managing forest systems. This study investigated the effect of forest structure and composition characteristics on bird species community structure, habitat use and functional diversity in 14 Mistbelt Forest patches of the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. We surveyed bird communities using point counts. We quantified bird functional diversity for each forest patch using three diversity indices: functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence. We further assessed species-specific responses by focussing on three avian forest specialists, orange ground-thrush Geokichla gurneyi, forest canary Crithagra scotops and Cape parrot Poicephalus robustus. We found that bird community and forest-specialist species responses to forest structure and tree species diversity differed. Also, forest structural complexity, canopy cover and tree species richness were the main forest characteristics better at explaining microhabitat influence on bird functional diversity. Forest patches with relatively high structural complexity and tree species richness had higher functional richness. Different structural characteristics influenced habitat use by the three forest specialists. Tree species diversity influenced C. scotops and G. gurneyi positively, while P. robustus responded negatively to forest patches with high tree species richness. Our study showed that site-scale forest structure and composition characteristics are important for bird species richness and functional richness. Forest patches with high tree species diversity and structural complexity should be maintained to conserve forest specialists, bird species richness and functional richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasiphi Bitani
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Craig P. Cordier
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - David A. Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Yvette C. Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
- Ezemvelo KwaZulu‐Natal WildlifePietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Colleen T. Downs
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
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Osborne P, Aquilué N, Mina M, Moe K, Jemtrud M, Messier C. A trait-based approach to both forestry and timber building can synchronize forest harvest and resilience. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad254. [PMID: 37649582 PMCID: PMC10465084 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Along with forest managers, builders are key change agents of forest ecosystems' structure and composition through the specification and use of wood products. New forest management approaches are being advocated to increase the resilience and adaptability of forests to climate change and other natural disturbances. Such approaches call for a diversification of our forests based on species' functional traits that will dramatically change the harvested species composition, volume, and output of our forested landscapes. This calls for the wood-building industry to adapt its ways of operating. Accordingly, we expand the evaluation of the ecological resilience of forest ecosystems based on functional diversification to include a trait-based approach to building with wood. This trait-based plant-building framework can illustrate how forecasted forest changes in the coming decades may impact and guide decisions about wood-building practices, policies, and specifications. We apply this approach using a fragmented rural landscape in temperate southeastern Canada. We link seven functional groups based on the ecological traits of tree species in the region to a similar functional grouping of building traits to characterize the push and pull of managing forests and wood buildings together. We relied on a process-based forest landscape model to simulate long-term forest dynamics and timber harvesting to evaluate how various novel management approaches will interact with the changing global environment to affect the forest-building relationships. Our results suggest that adopting a whole system, plant-building approach to forests and wood buildings, is key to enhancing forest ecological and timber construction industry resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Osborne
- Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H2Z 1H5
| | - Núria Aquilué
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H2L 2C4
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Crta. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2. 25280 Solsona, Spain
| | - Marco Mina
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H2L 2C4
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Bozen/Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Kiel Moe
- College of Architecture, Design and Construction, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Michael Jemtrud
- Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H2Z 1H5
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H2L 2C4
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada J0V 1V0
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6
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Cooper WJ, McShea WJ, Songer M, Huang Q, Luther DA. Harmonizing spatial scales and ecological theories to predict avian richness and functional diversity within forest ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230742. [PMID: 37339746 PMCID: PMC10281808 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic ecological theory has proven that temperature, precipitation and productivity organize ecosystems at broad scales and are generalized drivers of biodiversity within different biomes. At local scales, the strength of these predictors is not consistent across different biomes. To better translate these theories to localized scales, it is essential to determine the links between drivers of biodiversity. Here we harmonize existing ecological theories to increase the predictive power for species richness and functional diversity. We test the relative importance of three-dimensional habitat structure as a link between local and broad-scale patterns of avian richness and functional diversity. Our results indicate that habitat structure is more important than precipitation, temperature and elevation gradients for predicting avian species richness and functional diversity across different forest ecosystems in North America. We conclude that forest structure, influenced by climatic drivers, is essential for predicting the response of biodiversity with future shifts in climatic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Justin Cooper
- Biology Department, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - William J. McShea
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Melissa Songer
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Qiongyu Huang
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - David A. Luther
- Biology Department, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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7
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Mainwaring JC, Vink JNA, Gerth ML. Plant-pathogen management in a native forest ecosystem. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R500-R505. [PMID: 37279683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems all over the world are facing a growing threat from plant-disease outbreaks. As pollution, climate change, and global pathogen movement intensify, so too do the impacts of forest pathogens. In this essay, we examine a case study of the New Zealand kauri tree (Agathis australis) and its oomycetepathogen, Phytophthora agathidicida. We focus on the interactions between the host, pathogen, and environment - the building blocks of the 'disease triangle', a framework used by plant pathologists to understand and manage diseases. We delve into why this framework is more challenging to apply to trees than crops, taking into account the differences in reproductive time, level of domestication, and surrounding biodiversity between the host (a long-lived native tree species) and typical crop plants. We also address the difficulties in managing Phytophthora diseases compared to fungal or bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, we explore the complexities of the environmental aspect of the disease triangle. In forest ecosystems, the environment is particularly complex, encompassing diverse macro- and microbiotic influences, forest fragmentation, land use, and climate change. By exploring these complexities, we emphasize the importance of targeting multiple components of the disease triangle simultaneously to make effective management gains. Finally, we highlight the invaluable contribution of indigenous knowledge systems in bringing a holistic approach to managing forest pathogens in Aotearoa New Zealand and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie C Mainwaring
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Jochem N A Vink
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Monica L Gerth
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, Aotearoa New Zealand; Bioprotection Aotearoa National Centre of Research Excellence, Aotearoa New Zealand.
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Nikinmaa L, Lindner M, Cantarello E, Gardiner B, Jacobsen JB, Jump AS, Parra C, Plieninger T, Schuck A, Seidl R, Timberlake T, Waring K, Winkel G, Muys B. A balancing act: Principles, criteria and indicator framework to operationalize social-ecological resilience of forests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117039. [PMID: 36701888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Against a background of intensifying climate-induced disturbances, the need to enhance the resilience of forests and forest management is gaining urgency. In forest management, multiple trade-offs exist between different demands as well as across and within temporal and spatial scales. However, methods to assess resilience that consider these trade-offs are presently lacking. Here we propose a hierarchical framework of principles, criteria, and indicators to assess the resilience of a social-ecological system by focusing on the mechanisms behind resilience. This hierarchical framework balances trade-offs between mechanisms, different parts of the social-ecological system, ecosystem services, and spatial as well as temporal scales. The framework was developed to be used in a participatory manner in forest management planning. It accounts for the major parts of the forest-related social-ecological system and considers the multiple trade-offs involved. We demonstrate the utility of the framework by applying it to a landscape dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Central Europe, managed for three different management goals. The framework highlights how forest resilience varies with the pursued management goals and related management strategies. The framework is flexible and can be applied to various forest management contexts as part of a participatory process with stakeholders. It thus is an important step towards operationalizing social-ecological resilience in forest management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nikinmaa
- European Forest Institute, Bonn, Germany; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Elena Cantarello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jette Bredahl Jacobsen
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alistair S Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Constanza Parra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tobias Plieninger
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Rupert Seidl
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
| | - Thomas Timberlake
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kristen Waring
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Georg Winkel
- Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Mina M, Messier C, Duveneck MJ, Fortin M, Aquilué N. Managing for the unexpected: Building resilient forest landscapes to cope with global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4323-4341. [PMID: 35429213 PMCID: PMC9541346 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural disturbances exacerbated by novel climate regimes are increasing worldwide, threatening the ability of forest ecosystems to mitigate global warming through carbon sequestration and to provide other key ecosystem services. One way to cope with unknown disturbance events is to promote the ecological resilience of the forest by increasing both functional trait and structural diversity and by fostering functional connectivity of the landscape to ensure a rapid and efficient self-reorganization of the system. We investigated how expected and unexpected variations in climate and biotic disturbances affect ecological resilience and carbon storage in a forested region in southeastern Canada. Using a process-based forest landscape model (LANDIS-II), we simulated ecosystem responses to climate change and insect outbreaks under different forest policy scenarios-including a novel approach based on functional diversification and network analysis-and tested how the potentially most damaging insect pests interact with changes in forest composition and structure due to changing climate and management. We found that climate warming, lengthening the vegetation season, will increase forest productivity and carbon storage, but unexpected impacts of drought and insect outbreaks will drastically reduce such variables. Generalist, non-native insects feeding on hardwood are the most damaging biotic agents for our region, and their monitoring and early detection should be a priority for forest authorities. Higher forest diversity driven by climate-smart management and fostered by climate change that promotes warm-adapted species, might increase disturbance severity. However, alternative forest policy scenarios led to a higher functional and structural diversity as well as functional connectivity-and thus to higher ecological resilience-than conventional management. Our results demonstrate that adopting a landscape-scale perspective by planning interventions strategically in space and adopting a functional trait approach to diversify forests is promising for enhancing ecological resilience under unexpected global change stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mina
- Centre for Forest ResearchUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest ResearchUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt TempéréeUniversité du Québec en OutaouaisRiponQCCanada
| | - Matthew J. Duveneck
- Harvard ForestHarvard UniversityPetershamMassachusettsUSA
- Liberal Arts DepartmentNew England ConservatoryBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marie‐Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Núria Aquilué
- Centre for Forest ResearchUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Forest Sciences and Technology Centre of Catalonia CTFCSolsonaSpain
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10
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Windstorm Impacts on Forest-Related Socio-Ecological Systems: An Analysis from a Socio-Economic and Institutional Perspective. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Windstorms are considered among the most impacting natural events for European forests and related Socio-Ecological Systems (SES). Given that their intensity and frequency are increasing, an in-depth understanding of their impacts is crucial to mitigate risks and potential negative effects. However, so far, scientific research on windstorm impacts has mainly focused on environmental dimensions, while socio-economic and institutional ones are rarely taken into consideration. Our analysis aims at enriching the current scientific knowledge on windstorm impacts on forest SES by providing an overview of the state-of-the-art academic investigations on windstorm impacts on socio-economic and institutional dimensions. Overall, 46 papers were reviewed to identify the most recurrent post-windstorm dynamics and drivers that influence resilience and adaptation of socio-economic, institutional and related governance dimensions of European forest SES. Results show that the current scientific knowledge on socio-economic impacts of windstorms mainly concentrates on forest-related stakeholders and sectors, paying little attention to the broader social, cultural and institutional drivers that contribute to forest SES resilience. Further, cascade effects linking environmental, social and institutional dimensions are poorly analyzed. This restricted focus could lead to an incomplete understanding of the dynamics shaping socio-economic adaptability to windstorms, affecting long-term and sustainable recovery from extreme natural events. To correctly frame effective, intersectoral and coordinated recovery strategies gaining a deeper understanding of human–environment interactions is needed, as well as acknowledging the positive influence of causal relationships in improving forest-related SES resilience.
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11
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Selecting Graph Metrics with Ecological Significance for Deepening Landscape Characterization: Review and Applications. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The usual approaches to describing and understanding ecological processes in a landscape use patch-mosaic models based on traditional landscape metrics. However, they do not consider that many of these processes cannot be observed without considering the multiple interactions between different land-use patches in the landscape. The objective of this research was to provide a synthetic overview of graph metrics that characterize landscapes based on patch-mosaic models and to analyze the ecological meaning of the metrics to propose a relevant selection explaining biodiversity patterns and ecological processes. First, we conducted a literature review of graph metrics applied in ecology. Second, a case study was used to explore the behavior of a group of selected graph metrics in actual differentiated landscapes located in a long-term socioecological research site in Brittany, France. Thirteen landscape-scale metrics and 10 local-scale metrics with ecological significance were analyzed. Metrics were grouped for landscape-scale and local-scale analysis. Many of the metrics were able to identify differences between the landscapes studied. Lastly, we discuss how graph metrics offer a new perspective for landscape analysis, describe the main characteristics related to their calculation and the type of information provided, and discuss their potential applications in different ecological contexts.
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Littlefield CE, D'Amato AW. Identifying trade‐offs and opportunities for forest carbon and wildlife using a climate change adaptation lens. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony W. D'Amato
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
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13
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Tourinho L, Prevedello JA, Carvalho BM, Rocha DS, Vale MM. Macroscale climate change predictions have little influence on landscape-scale habitat suitability. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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14
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Mina M, Messier C, Duveneck M, Fortin MJ, Aquilué N. Network analysis can guide resilience-based management in forest landscapes under global change. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e2221. [PMID: 32866316 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forests are projected to undergo dramatic compositional and structural shifts prompted by global changes, such as climatic changes and intensifying natural disturbance regimes. Future uncertainty makes planning for forest management exceptionally difficult, demanding novel approaches to maintain or improve the ability of forest ecosystems to respond and rapidly reorganize after disturbance events. Adopting a landscape perspective in forest management is particularly important in fragmented forest landscapes where both diversity and connectivity play key roles in determining resilience to global change. In this context, network analysis and functional traits combined with ecological dynamic modeling can help evaluate changes in functional response diversity and connectivity within and among forest stands in fragmented landscapes. Here, we coupled ecological dynamic modeling with functional traits analysis and network theory to analyze forested landscapes as an interconnected network of forest patches. We simulated future forest landscape dynamics in a large landscape in southern Quebec, Canada, under a combination of climate, disturbance, and management scenarios. We depicted the landscape as a functional network, assessed changes in future resilience using indicators at multiple spatial scales, and evaluated if current management practices are suitable for maintaining resilience to simulated changes in regimes. Our results show that climate change would promote forest productivity and favor heat-adapted deciduous species. Changes in natural disturbances will likely have negative impacts on native conifers and will drive changes in forest type composition. Climate change negatively impacted all resilience indicators and triggered losses of functional response diversity and connectivity across the landscape with undesirable consequences on the capacity of these forests to adapt to global change. Also, current management strategies failed to promote resilience at different spatial levels, highlighting the need for a more active and thoughtful approach to forest management under global change. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of combining dynamic landscape-scale simulation modeling with network analyses to evaluate the possible impacts of climate change as well as human and natural disturbances on forest resilience under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mina
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3P8, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3P8, Quebec, Canada
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), 58 Rue Principale, Ripon, J0V1V0, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Duveneck
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, 321 North Main St., Petersham, 01366, Massachusetts, USA
- Liberal Arts Department, New England Conservatory, 290 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, M5S 3G5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Núria Aquilué
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3P8, Quebec, Canada
- InForest Joint Research Unit, Forest Sciences and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Ctra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, Solsona, 25280, Spain
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Espelta JM, Cruz‐Alonso V, Alfaro‐Sánchez R, Hampe A, Messier C, Pino J. Functional diversity enhances tree growth and reduces herbivory damage in secondary broadleaf forests, but does not influence resilience to drought. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Cruz‐Alonso
- CREAF Bellaterra Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida Forest Ecology and Restoration Group Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | | | - Arndt Hampe
- Biogeco INRAEUniversity of Bordeaux Cestas France
| | - Christian Messier
- Département des Sciences Naturelles and Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT) Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO) Ripon QC Canada
- Centre D'étude de la Forêt Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) Montréal QC Canada
| | - Joan Pino
- CREAF Bellaterra Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
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