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Anić P, Mohorić T, Pokrajac-Bulian A. Self-Esteem and Anxiety as Mediators in the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Eating Disorder Symptoms. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241269451. [PMID: 39096186 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241269451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and eating disorder symptoms (EDS) by testing the serial mediation model, with self-esteem and anxiety as mediators. A total of 923 participants (61.9% female) aged 15-60 years completed questionnaires assessing their EI, self-esteem, anxiety, and EDS. Correlational analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between the study variables, and a serial mediation analysis was conducted to test the possible mediating role of self-esteem and anxiety in the relationship between EI and EDS. Correlation analyses revealed significant bivariate relationships between EI, self-esteem, and anxiety, but no significant correlation between EI and EDS. The relationship between EI and EDS was serially mediated by self-esteem and anxiety. High levels of EI were associated with higher self-esteem, which, in turn, was associated with lower anxiety and less EDS. The results offer potential mechanisms that could explain the relationship between EI and EDS and highlight the importance of EI in regulating eating behavior through self-esteem and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Anić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tamara Mohorić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alessandra Pokrajac-Bulian
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Coop A, Clark A, Morgan J, Reid F, Lacey JH. The use and misuse of the SCOFF screening measure over two decades: a systematic literature review. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:29. [PMID: 38652332 PMCID: PMC11039549 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The SCOFF questionnaire was designed as a simple, memorable screening tool to raise suspicion that a person might have an eating disorder. It is over 20 years since the creation of the SCOFF, during which time it has been widely used. Considering this, we wish to review the use of the SCOFF in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and to assess whether it is being used appropriately in the manner in which it was originally devised and tested. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and all search strategies and methods were determined before the onset of the study. PubMed and Wiley Online Library were searched using the terms SCOFF and eating. Two reviewers were involved in the reviewing process. Criteria for appropriate use of the SCOFF were formalised with the tool's original authors. RESULTS 180 articles were included in the final review. 48 articles had used the SCOFF appropriately, 117 articles inappropriately and 15 articles had been mixed in the appropriateness of their use. CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights the inappropriate use of the SCOFF in diverse languages and settings. When used correctly the SCOFF has made a significant contribution to the understanding of eating disorders and its simplicity has been applauded and led to widespread use. However in over two-thirds of studies, the use of the SCOFF was inappropriate and the paper highlights how and in what way it was misused, Guidelines for the appropriate use of the SCOFF are stated. Future validation and avenues of research are suggested. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Coop
- Schoen Clinic Newbridge, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - John Morgan
- St George's, University of London, London, UK
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Saenz C, Jordan A, Loriz L, Schill K, Colletto M, Rodriguez J. Low Energy Intake Leads to Body Composition and Performance Decrements in a Highly-Trained, Female Athlete: The WANDER (Woman's Activity and Nutrition during an Extensive Hiking Route) Case Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:296-303. [PMID: 38019616 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2282614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This case study's purpose was to quantify energy intake vs energy expenditure during a thru-hiker's trek and assess its relationship to performance and health. METHODS A highly trained, female thru-hiker (Age (yrs): 62, Ht (cm): 157, Wt (kg): 53.5, BMI (kg/m2): 21.7, %BF: 26.0) embarked on a 4-month journey through the Pacific Crest Trail, USA. The athlete's body composition and 3-day diet record were assessed before (PRE) and after the hike (POST). During the hike, she tracked her diet and performance daily and completed a wellness survey each time she reached a town-check point. Data were analyzed for descriptive (weekly averages, means ± SD) and frequency statistics. RESULTS She spent 10 wk (∼70 days) on the trail and hiked 1,506.35 km (26.1 ± 3.2 km/day) with an estimated energy expenditure of ∼2334 ± 351 kcal/day. During the hike, she under consumed calories (1285.3 ± 103 kcal) and dietary carbohydrate (169.5 ± 19.5g), fat (49.7 ± 5.8g), protein (41.9 ± 4.8g; 0.8 g/kg), fiber (11.8 ± 2.1g) and sodium (1642.4 ± 298.6 mg) when compared to ultra-endurance nutrition recommendations. She was unable to complete the trail due to fatigue and anthropometric changes. By POST, she had decreased total mass (PRE: 53.5 kg vs POST: 48.4 kg), BMI (PRE 21.6 vs POST: 19.5), fat-free mass (PRE: 39.6 vs POST: 38.8), and body fat (PRE: 26% vs POST: 19.6%) when compared to PRE. CONCLUSION Trail-related challenges combined with high energy expenditures led to low nutrient intake which contributed to trail-ending injuries and performance decrements. Research aimed at addressing the barriers associated with thru-hike fueling is needed to identify nutritional opportunities to support hikers' performance and reduce injury risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Saenz
- Exercise Science-Kinesiology Program, Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aydan Jordan
- Exercise Science-Kinesiology Program, Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lillia Loriz
- School of Nursing, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Judith Rodriguez
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Mangweth-Matzek B, Kummer KK, Hoek HW. Update on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among older people. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023; 36:405-411. [PMID: 37471308 PMCID: PMC10552830 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We reviewed the recent literature on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among middle-aged and older women and men. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies show that among older female persons, the prevalence rates with full diagnoses of eating disorders based on DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria are between 2.1 and 7.7%, and among older men less than 1%. These studies show that the prevalence of eating disorders decreases by age in women, but it does not get towards zero even in very high age. Middle age, with a peak around 50, is also a critical time for the occurrence of eating disorders in men. Women who reported severe menopausal symptoms showed more eating disorder pathology compared with those with low symptoms during menopausal transition. SUMMARY Eating disorders do occur in middle and older age of both sexes. Shame and stigmatization have decreased, and medical awareness and explicit assessment of eating behavior in all age groups have developed. What puberty is for eating disorders in adolescence and young age is menopausal transition for midlife women. Also in men, associations with hormonal disturbances are possible. Treatment approaches should consider treatment strategies tailored to older women and men, addressing the context of midlife and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mangweth-Matzek
- University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology
| | - Kai K. Kummer
- University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans W. Hoek
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
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Cadwallader JS, Orri M, Barry C, Falissard B, Hassler C, Huas C. Description of patients with eating disorders by general practitioners: a cohort study and focus on co-management with depression. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:185. [PMID: 37858179 PMCID: PMC10585727 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International guidelines often state that general practitioners (GPs) provide early management for most patients with eating disorders (EDs). GP management of EDs has not been studied in France. Depressive disorders are often a comorbidity of EDs. The aims of this study were to describe in France the characteristics of people with all subcategories of EDs (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, ED Not Otherwise Specified) managed by their GPs and to study the management temporality between depression and all subcategories of EDs. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of patients with EDs visiting French GPs. Data collected from 1994 through 2009 were extracted from the French society of general electronic health record. A descriptive analysis of the population focused on depression, medication such as antidepressants and anxiolytics, and the management temporality between depression and EDs. RESULTS 1310 patients aged 8 years or older were seen at least once for an ED by a GP participating in the database out of 355,848 patients, with a prevalence rate of 0.3%. They had a mean age of 35.19 years, 82.67% were women. 41.6% had anorexia nervosa, 26.4% bulimia nervosa, and 32% an ED not otherwise specified. Overall, 32.3% had been managed at least once for depression, and 18.4% had been prescribed an antidepressant of any type at least once. Benzodiazepines had been prescribed at least once for 73.9% of the patients treated for depression. Patients with an ED seen regularly by their GP ("during" profile) received care for depression more frequently than those with other profiles. 60.9% had a single visit with the participating GP for their ED Treatment and management for depression did not precede care for EDs. CONCLUSIONS Data extracted from the French society of general practice were the only one available in France in primary care about EDs and our study was the only one on this topic. The frequency of visits for EDs was very low in our general practice-based sample. Depressive disorders were a frequent comorbidity of EDs. GPs could manage common early signs of depression and EDs, especially if they improved their communication skills and developed collaborative professional management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Sébastien Cadwallader
- School of Medicine, Department of General Practice, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- INSERM, UMR 1018, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Paris-Saclay University, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif Cedex, France.
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Barry
- INSERM, UMR 1018, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Paris-Saclay University, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- INSERM, UMR 1018, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Paris-Saclay University, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Christine Hassler
- INSERM, UMR 1018, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Paris-Saclay University, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Huas
- INSERM, UMR 1018, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Paris-Saclay University, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif Cedex, France
- Fondation Santé des Etudiants de France (FSEF), Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Santé Mentale de l'Adolescent et du Jeune Adulte (SAMAJA), Paris, France
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Simone Veil, University Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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Shoukr EMM, El-Sayed MM, El-Ashry AM, Abdelnasser N, Khedr MA, Mohsen HA. Mediating role of weight concerns in the relationship between seasonality and eating behavior among community-dwelling older adults: A path analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 53:40-49. [PMID: 37422939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight concerns are common among older adults, and it is unclear how they may impact the relationship between seasonality and eating behaviors, which can contribute to various health-related issues. AIM This study investigated the mediating role of weight concerns in the relationship between seasonality and eating behavior among community-dwelling older adults. METHOD A descriptive correlational analytical design was used on 200 randomly chosen participants who completed the Personal Inventory for Depression and Seasonal Affective Disorder Self-Assessment Version, the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and the Weight Concern Subscale. A path analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized model. RESULTS The study findings indicated that most older adults reported moderate-to-severe seasonal variations, moderate enjoyment of food, emotional overeating, emotional undereating, and food fussiness. Weight concern partially mediated the relationship between seasonality and eating behavior. CONCLUSION By understanding the complex interplay between these factors, weight concerns may play an essential role in mediating the effects of seasonal changes on eating behavior, while seasonal winter symptoms may directly impact eating behavior. These results have potential implications for nurses' efforts to develop interventions to promote healthy eating behaviors and manage weight concerns during seasonal variations, especially in the winter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Metwally El-Sayed
- Assistant professors of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry
- Lecturer of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nadia Abdelnasser
- Lecturer of Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, South Valley University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelwahab Khedr
- Lecturer of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Ahmed Mohsen
- Lecturer of Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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Santana DD, Mitchison D, Mannan H, Griffiths S, Appolinario JC, da Veiga GV, Touyz S, Hay P. Twenty-year associations between disordered eating behaviors and sociodemographic features in a multiple cross-sectional sample. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5012-5021. [PMID: 35833367 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disordered eating behaviors (DEB) impact on health and wellbeing worldwide. This study aimed to examine sociodemographic trends in the prevalence of DEB over 20 years in the Australian general population. METHODS Data were derived from five sequential cross-sectional surveys (1998, 2008, 2009, 2016 and 2017) with population-representative samples of adults and adolescents residing in South Australia (N = 15 075). DEBs investigated were objective binge eating (OBE), strict dieting/fasting, and purging. Sociodemographic data included gender, age, educational level, work and marital status, and residence. RESULTS OBE prevalence increased significantly. Strict dieting/fasting also increased from 1998 to 2008/9 but remained stable between 2008/9 and 2016/7. Purging prevalence did not change significantly over time. All survey years were associated with a significantly higher odds of OBE, and strict diet/fasting compared to 1998. Lower age, a higher Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) score, higher body mass index (BMI), higher educational attainment, and not being in a married or de facto relationship were independently associated with greater adjusted odds for endorsing OBE. Younger age, female gender, and higher BMI were also independently associated with greater adjusted odds for endorsing strict dieting/fasting. CONCLUSIONS The increased prevalence of DEBs in various strata of Australian society has both public health and clinical implications. The results refute the stereotype that eating disorders (EDs) predominantly affect young women. They build impetus for future research on EDs among men and older individuals, with a view to developing tailored public health and clinical interventions for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Dias Santana
- Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, SWSLHD, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haider Mannan
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose Carlos Appolinario
- Group of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gloria Valeria da Veiga
- Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephen Touyz
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, SWSLHD, New South Wales, Australia
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Hooper SC, Espinoza SE, Marshall VB, Kilpela LS. The Clinical Phenotype of Binge Eating Disorder among Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2087. [PMID: 37432212 PMCID: PMC10180572 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED), a form of overnutrition, may impact healthy aging for postmenopausal women. In community samples, 12-26% of older women (ages 60+) engage in binge eating. In younger adults, BED is comorbid with physical and psychological morbidities. However, little is known regarding the clinical phenotype, including medical and psychiatric comorbidities, of BED in postmenopausal women. This pilot study sought to identify psychosomatic, cardiometabolic, body composition, and physical function characteristics of postmenopausal, older adult (age ≥60 years) women with BED. Participants (N = 21, ages 60-75) completed a battery of physical assessments and surveys assessing psychosomatic health. Overall, 62% of women reported BE onset during peri- or post-menopause. Rates of comorbid depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and a history of severe menopausal symptoms were high. Cardiometabolic health was poor, and 42.9% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Additionally, 71.4% met the BMI criteria for obesity, and 40% of this sample met the criteria for sarcopenic obesity. Almost half of the sample presented with at least one mobility limitation; 85.7% had poor endurance. Evidence suggests that BED is highly comorbid with other chronic health conditions and may complicate treatment of these conditions, warranting further investigation and increased attention from healthcare providers serving postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah C. Hooper
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sara E. Espinoza
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas VA Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Victoria B. Marshall
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lisa S. Kilpela
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas VA Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Teodoro MC, Conceição EM, Sinval J, de Lourdes M, Neufeld CB. Adaptation, confirmatory factor analysis, and psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Repetitive Eating Questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:747-757. [PMID: 36965138 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Repetitive Eating Questionnaire (Rep(eat)-Q) is a brief self-report measure developed to assess grazing behavior-an understudied problematic eating behavior associated with eating disorder psychopathology and poor weight management. This study aimed to adapt and test the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Rep(eat)-Q in a Brazilian community sample. METHOD We used the International Test Commission guidelines for the adaptation of psychological measures between cultures. Participants were recruited from the community and on a university campus and completed a set of questionnaires including the Rep(eat)-Q, psychological measures, and sociodemographic data. RESULTS A total of 718 (86.4% female) completed the Rep(eat)-Q and were eligible for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Only 542 completed the entire survey (Rep(eat)-Q and other psychological measures) and were eligible for the analysis of the validity evidence based on the relations to other variables. CFA revealed support for a two first-order model as originally proposed, however, a hierarchical (i.e., second-order) model is proposed. We found support for second-order scalar invariance across sex. Both first- and second-order internal consistency estimates presented very good evidence. Analysis (n = 542) revealed moderate to strong correlations (≥.58 to .77) between grazing (total score and subscales) and binge eating and other psychological measures, presenting good convergent evidence. DISCUSSION This study reports good psychometric properties of the Rep(eat)-Q for the Brazilian community sample. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Grazing is a problematic eating behavior and the Rep(eat)-Q is one of the measures to assess grazing. The article aimed to adapt and test the psychometric properties of the Rep(eat)-Q in a Brazilian community sample. The results support a two-factor structure and suggest that the Rep(eat)-Q possesses good psychometric properties to be used with the Brazilian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília C Teodoro
- Psychology Department, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eva M Conceição
- Psychology Department, Universidade do Minho-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Sinval
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Evidence-Based Health, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta de Lourdes
- Psychology Department, Universidade do Minho-Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carmem B Neufeld
- Psychology Department, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Epidemiology of eating disorders: population, prevalence, disease burden and quality of life informing public policy in Australia-a rapid review. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:23. [PMID: 36793104 PMCID: PMC9933292 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the epidemiology and health burden of eating disorders has progressed significantly in the last 2 decades. It was considered one of seven key areas to inform the Australian Government commissioned National Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy 2021-2031, as emerging research had highlighted a rise in eating disorder prevalence and worsening burden-of-illness. The aim of this review was to better understand the global epidemiology and impact of eating disorders to inform policy decision-making. METHODS Using a systematic Rapid Review methodology, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Medline (Ovid) were searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 2009 and 2021. Clear inclusion criteria were developed in consultation with experts in the field. Purposive sampling of literature was conducted, which predominately focused on higher-level evidence (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and large epidemiological studies), synthesised, and narratively analysed. RESULTS 135 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review (N = 1324). Prevalence estimates varied. Global Lifetime prevalence of any eating disorder ranged from 0.74 to 2.2% in males, and 2.58-8.4% in females. Australian 3-month point-prevalence of broadly defined disorders was around 16% in females. Eating disorders appeared more prevalent in young people and adolescents, particularly females (in Australia: eating disorders ~ 22.2%; disordered eating ~ 25.7%). Limited evidence was found on sex, sexuality and gender diverse (LGBTQI +) individuals, particularly males, who had a six-fold increase in prevalence compared to the general male population, with increased illness impact. Similarly, limited evidence on First Australian's (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) suggests prevalence rates similar to non-Indigenous Australians. No prevalence studies were identified specifically assessing culturally and linguistically diverse populations. Global disease burden of any eating disorder was 43.4 age-standardised disability-adjusted-life-years per 100,000; increasing by 9.4% between 2007 and 2017. Australian's total economic cost was estimated at $84 billion from years-of-life lost due to disability and death, and annual lost earnings ~ $1.646 billion." CONCLUSIONS There is no doubt that eating disorder prevalence and impact are on the rise, particularly in at-risk and understudied populations. Much of the evidence came from female-only samples, and Western, high-income countries which more readily have access to specialised services. Future research should examine more representative samples. There is an urgent need for more refined epidemiological methods to better understand these complex illnesses over time, to guide health policy and development-of-care.
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Kilpela LS, Marshall VB, Keel PK, LaCroix AZ, Espinoza SE, Hooper SC, Musi N. The clinical significance of binge eating among older adult women: an investigation into health correlates, psychological wellbeing, and quality of life. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:97. [PMID: 35799222 PMCID: PMC9264536 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One type of overnutrition, binge eating (BE; eating an unusually large amount of food with loss of control), is prevalent among older adult women. Yet, little is known about the clinical significance of this eating disorder pathology in older adults, especially in relation to health outcomes used in geriatrics, while controlling for associations with body mass index (BMI). METHOD Women (N = 227) aged 60-94 completed two measures of BE and health/wellness questionnaires online. We used multivariable analyses to compare women with Clinical-frequency BE (≥ weekly frequency), Subclinical-frequency BE (< weekly), and No BE on health/wellness outcomes controlling for BMI. We conducted partial correlations controlling for BMI to examine associations between BE severity and health indices. RESULTS Controlling for BMI, the Clinical-frequency BE group reported poorer health-related quality of life (physical function, role limitations due to both emotional and physical problems, vitality, emotional wellbeing, social function, and pain) and poorer psychological health (depression, body image) compared to both Subclinical-frequency BE and No BE. The Clinical-frequency BE group also reported poorer sleep, nutritious food consumption, general health, and positive affect compared to No BE. Associations between a separate measure of BE severity and health indices confirmed findings from group comparisons. CONCLUSION Weekly BE may offer a promising screening benchmark for identifying one type of overnutrition in older women that is associated with numerous indicators of poorer health, independent of the effects of BMI. More research is needed to understand risks for and consequences of BE unique to older adult women. Binge eating (BE; eating an unusually large amount of food with loss of control), is prevalent among older adult women and is associated with health problems in younger populations. Yet, little is known about how BE is related to other health problems in older adults. We compared health behaviors, physical health, health-related quality of life, and psychological health between older adult women who reported weekly or more frequent BE (i.e., Clinical BE), those with low frequency BE (i.e., Subclinical BE), and those with no BE, while accounting for BMI. Older women in the Clinical BE group reported poorer health-related quality of life, more depression symptoms, and worse body image compared to the Subclinical BE and No BE groups. Compared to the No BE group, the Clinical BE group also reported poorer sleep, less frequent consumption of nutritious foods, worse health, and less frequent positive emotions. Using a separate measure of BE severity, we found similar associations with these health outcomes. Engaging in weekly BE may represent one type of overnutrition behavior in older women that is associated with numerous indicators of poorer health. More research is needed to understand risks for and consequences of BE unique to older adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Smith Kilpela
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Victoria B Marshall
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pamela K Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sara E Espinoza
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Savannah C Hooper
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Wilfred SA, Becker CB, Kanzler KE, Musi N, Espinoza SE, Kilpela LS. Binge eating among older women: prevalence rates and health correlates across three independent samples. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:132. [PMID: 34666821 PMCID: PMC8524882 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research indicates that binge eating (BE; consuming unusually large amounts of food in one siting while feeling a loss of control) is prevalent among older women. Yet, health correlates of BE in older adult populations are poorly understood. The original study aimed to investigate BE prevalence, frequency, and health correlates in a sample of older adult women. Based on results from this first study, we then sought to replicate findings in two additional samples of older adult women from separate studies. METHOD Using self-reported frequencies of BE from three separate samples of older women with very different demographics, we compared BE prevalence, frequency, and health correlates among older women. Study 1 (N = 185) includes data collected online (86% White; 59% overweight/obese status). Study 2 (N = 64) was conducted in person at a local food pantry (65% Hispanic; 47% household income < $10,000/year). Study 3 (N = 100) comprises data collected online (72% White; 50% Masters/Doctoral Degree). RESULTS Per DSM-5 frequency criterion of BE at least weekly, we found prevalence rates ranging from 19 to 26% across the three samples. Correlates of BE frequency included elevated negative mood, worry, BMI, and less nutritious food consumption. CONCLUSIONS Across three very different samples in terms of race/ethnicity, education, food security status, measurements, and sampling methodology, we found fairly consistent rates of self-reported BE at least weekly (19-26%). Results suggest that BE is related to negative health indices among older women and support the need for more research in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sara E Espinoza
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Smith Kilpela
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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13
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Peláez-Fernández MA, Romero-Mesa J, Extremera N. From Deficits in Emotional Intelligence to Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Sequential Path Analysis Approach Through Self-Esteem and Anxiety. Front Psychol 2021; 12:713070. [PMID: 34484070 PMCID: PMC8416284 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Past studies have reported emotional intelligence (EI) as a relevant factor in development and maintenance of eating disorders (ED), as well as in increasing self-esteem and reducing anxiety. Similarly, research has showed that anxiety and self-esteem are positively and negatively associated to ED criteria, respectively. However, no prior studies have yet tested the multiple intervening roles of both self-esteem and anxiety as potential mediators of the association between EI and ED symptomatology. The present study aims to bridge these gaps by testing a sequential path model. Specifically, we examine the potential sequential mediation effects of self-esteem-anxiety on the link between EI and ED. A sample composed of 516 Spanish undergraduate students and community adults completed measures of EI, self-esteem, anxiety, and ED symptomatology. The results show that high levels of EI were positively associated with self-esteem and negatively associated with anxiety and ED symptoms. Anxiety was positively associated to ED symptoms, while self-esteem levels were negatively linked to ED symptoms. Moreover, path analyses showed that self-esteem and anxiety fully mediated the relationship between EI and ED symptoms in sequence. These findings suggest that EI plays a key role in reducing symptomatology of ED through increased self-esteem and reduced anxiety symptoms, providing novel evidence regarding psychological mechanisms through which EI contributes to a reduction of ED symptomatology. Implications for assessing and improving these psychological resources in ED preventive programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Angeles Peláez-Fernández
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work, Social Anthropology, and East Asian Studies, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juana Romero-Mesa
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work, Social Anthropology, and East Asian Studies, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Natalio Extremera
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work, Social Anthropology, and East Asian Studies, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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14
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Teodoro MC, Conceição EM, de Lourdes M, Alves JR, Neufeld CB. Grazing's frequency and associations with obesity, psychopathology, and loss of control eating in clinical and community contexts: A systematic review. Appetite 2021; 167:105620. [PMID: 34352352 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The term grazing is generally described as the repetitive and nonplanned consumption of small amounts of food, not in response to hunger/satiety sensations. The present study aims to identify and critically review studies examining the frequency of grazing in both clinical and community samples, as well as, to investigate its relationship with eating disorder psychopathology, Loss of Control eating (LOC), psychological impairment, and weight-related variables. This systematic review followed the PRISMA recommendations for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analysis. A total of 138 articles were initially retrieved from the database search. In the end, 18 articles were considered for this systematic review. The results were separated in Grazing and Grazing-like behavior (picking and nibbling). Results of studies of grazing-like behaviors displays that, in these studies, the results are sometimes inconsistent and controversial. On the other hand, studies of Grazing behavior showed more consistent results. These results show that the use of different definitions across the literature makes it difficult to establish comparisons across studies. In this literature review, the studies selected used five different definitions of grazing and five different instruments to assess this eating behavior which reinforces the requirement for standardized definition and evaluation. More, the studies hereby revised suggested that LOC eating was considered in association with grazing, being significantly associated with higher levels of psychopathology and psychological impairment. In accordance, a growing body of research argues that LOC eating was a stronger predictor of eating disorder psychopathology than the amounts of food consumed. Furthermore, the results found by studies show an advance to literature with an accordance about LOC, supported by evidences in studies of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Consolini Teodoro
- Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention and Research Laboratory - LaPICC-USP, Psychology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirāo Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Eva M Conceição
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marta de Lourdes
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jéssika Rodrigues Alves
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirāo Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carmem Beatriz Neufeld
- Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention and Research Laboratory - LaPICC-USP, Psychology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirāo Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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15
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A case-control study investigating food addiction in Parkinson patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10934. [PMID: 34035366 PMCID: PMC8149641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are mainly described through impulse control disorders but represent one end of the spectrum of food addiction (FA). Although not formally recognized by DSM-5, FA is well described in the literature on animal models and humans, but data on prevalence and risk factors compared with healthy controls (HCs) are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 200 patients with PD and 200 age- and gender-matched HCs. Characteristics including clinical data (features of PD/current medication) were collected. FA was rated using DSM-5 criteria and the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R). Patients with PD had more EDs compared to HCs (27.0% vs. 13.0%, respectively, p < 0.001). They mainly had FA (24.5% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.001) and night eating syndrome (7.0% vs. 2.5% p = 0.03). In PD patients, FA was associated with female gender (p = 0.04) and impulsivity (higher attentional non-planning factor) but not with the dose or class of dopaminergic therapy. Vigilance is necessary, especially for PD women and in patients with specific impulsive personality traits. Counterintuitively, agonist dopaminergic treatment should not be used as an indication for screening FA in patients with PD.
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16
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Fostinelli S, De Amicis R, Leone A, Giustizieri V, Binetti G, Bertoli S, Battezzati A, Cappa SF. Eating Behavior in Aging and Dementia: The Need for a Comprehensive Assessment. Front Nutr 2020; 7:604488. [PMID: 33392240 PMCID: PMC7772186 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.604488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior can change during aging due to physiological, psychological, and social changes. Modifications can occur at different levels: (1) in food choice, (2) in eating habits, and (3) in dietary intake. A good dietary behavior, like the Mediterranean dietary pattern, can be a protective factor for some aging related pathologies, such as dementia, while a worse eating behavior can lead to pathological conditions such as malnutrition. Changes in eating behavior can also be linked to the onset of dementia: for some types of dementia, such as frontotemporal dementia, dietary changes are one of the key clinical diagnostic feature, for others, like Alzheimer's disease, weight loss is a clinical reported feature. For these reasons, it is important to be able to assess eating behavior in a proper way, considering that there are normal age-related changes. An adequate assessment of dietary behavior can help to plan preventive intervention strategies for heathy aging or can help to identify abnormal behaviors that underline aging related-diseases. In this review, we have analyzed normal age-related and dementia-related changes and the tools that can be used to assess eating behavior. Thus, we make recommendations to screening and monitoring eating behavior in aging and dementia, and to adopt these tools in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fostinelli
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Giustizieri
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano F Cappa
- University School for Advanced Studies, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Carrard I, Rothen S, Rodgers RF. Body image and disordered eating in older women: A Tripartite Sociocultural model. Eat Behav 2020; 38:101412. [PMID: 32683276 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that body image concerns and disordered eating exist in women even at older ages. Few studies have examined the factors that are related with body image and eating concerns in this age group. In particular, the roles of sociocultural influences and thin-ideal internalization remain unclear. In the present study, we tested a modified tripartite sociocultural model of body image and disordered eating behaviors in a sample of 222 women aged 60 to 75 years, using structural equation modeling. After adjustment, a model similar to that observed in young women was a good fit to the data. Perceived pressure from the media revealed a direct relationship with body image concerns, as well as an indirect relationship mediated by thin-ideal internalization. Peer pressure was directly associated with body image concerns, and thin-ideal internalization was associated with dieting. In older women, pressure to conform to appearance ideals, in particular from the media, may impact the internalization of appearance ideals and body image concerns that might, in turn, increase disordered eating. The usefulness of sociocultural models for framing body image and eating concerns in older women implies that similar prevention interventions to those used in younger women could be adapted to fill a gap in available resources for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Carrard
- Department of Nutrition and dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, Montpellier, France
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18
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Jaworski M, Panczyk M, Śliwczyński A, Brzozowska M, Janaszek K, Małkowski P, Gotlib J. Eating Disorders in Males: An 8-Year Population-Based Observational Study. Am J Mens Health 2020; 13:1557988319860970. [PMID: 31268395 PMCID: PMC6610443 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319860970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was the realistic evaluation of the prevalence of
eating disorders (ED) among Polish men who sought treatment through the National
Health Fund (NFZ) in the years 2010–2017. According to ICD-10, four types of ED
were analyzed: anorexia nervosa—AN (F50.0), atypical anorexia nervosa (F50.1),
bulimia nervosa—BN (F50.2), and atypical bulimia nervosa (F50.3). The NFZ database was used. The ED groups were defined according to ICD-10 codes.
Demographic data were collected from the web page of Statistics Poland (GUS).
The annual prevalence of EDs was estimated, and the age groups were categorized
into nine groups. For the incidence of EDs in male patients in the years
2010–2017, relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was
calculated. The frequency trend of AN in males remains relatively stable. AN occurred mainly
in young men (between 11 and 30 years). It was noted that AN affected
approximately 100 men in each year of observation, while atypical anorexia
nervosa affected about 40 men. In 2017, the RR for EDs in young males was 0.041
(95% CI [0.033, 0.051]). Bulimia was relatively rare (about 35 males each
year). The incidence of EDs in males is a relatively constant phenomenon. The real
number of male patients with EDs may be higher. The current conceptualizations
of ED pathology should be modified and better adapted to men. Clinical
guidelines for specialists working with males with EDs should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Jaworski
- 1 Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Panczyk
- 1 Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Śliwczyński
- 2 Department of Analysis and Strategy, The National Health Fund, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Melania Brzozowska
- 2 Department of Analysis and Strategy, The National Health Fund, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janaszek
- 2 Department of Analysis and Strategy, The National Health Fund, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Małkowski
- 3 Department of Surgical and Transplant Nursing and Extracorporeal Treatment, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Gotlib
- 1 Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Carrard I, Rothen S. Factors associated with disordered eating behaviors and attitudes in older women. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:567-575. [PMID: 30734223 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study explored the potential factors associated with disordered eating behaviors and attitudes in older women. METHODS Women aged 60-75 years were recruited in the community (n = 203) and completed questionnaires. The Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) was used to evaluate disordered eating behaviors and attitudes. The independent variables were BMI, age, importance of appearance, importance of body competence, cognitive reappraisal, and fear of age-related appearance changes. Spearman correlation analyses and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS BMI was positively associated with EDE-Q restraint, EDE-Q eating concern, and EDE-Q frequency of objective binge-eating episodes. Importance of appearance was positively related to EDE-Q restraint, and fear of age-related appearance changes to EDE-Q eating concern and objective binge-eating episodes. Cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with EDE-Q eating concern and excessive exercise in bivariate associations, but the relationships disappeared in the multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS BMI, importance of appearance, and fear of age-related appearance changes turned out to be positively associated with eating disordered behaviors and attitudes, similarly to what can be observed in middle-aged samples. However, the role of cognitive reappraisal was unclear and should be investigated further. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V: cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Carrard
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Geneva, Switzerland.
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20
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Fringer A, Stängle S, Büche D, Ott SC, Schnepp W. The associations of palliative care experts regarding food refusal: A cross-sectional study with an open question evaluated by triangulation analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231312. [PMID: 32271841 PMCID: PMC7145006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health professionals in oncologic and palliative care settings are often faced with the problem that patients stop eating and drinking. While the causes of food refusal are very different, the result is often malnutrition, which is linked to health comorbidities and a high mortality rate. However, the professionals lack the time and knowledge to clarify the cause for each patient. What associations do health professionals have when faced with food refusal? OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations that health professionals in oncological and palliative settings have about denied eating behavior. METHODS A cross-sectional study, starting with an open question focusing professionals' associations regarding food refusal. The results were inductively analyzed, whereby generic categories were developed. Subsequently, the categories were transformed into quantitative data to calculate the relationships between the categories. RESULTS A total of 350 out of 2000 participants completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 17.5%. Food refusal is primarily associated with physical and ethical aspects and with end-of-life. Half of the participants frequently find that patients refuse to eat. The attitudes show that the autonomy of the patient is the highest good and is to be respected. Even in the case of patients with limited decision-making capacity, the refusal to eat is acceptable. CONCLUSION Clarifying the cause of food refusal requires a great deal of knowledge and is strongly influenced by the associations of health professionals. While the associations have very negative connotations, information and training is needed to make professionals aware of this and to change their associations. With this knowledge and in an interprofessional cooperation, mis-labelling of patient settings can be avoided and fears can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Fringer
- Institute of Nursing, School of Health Professionals, ZHAW University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sabrina Stängle
- Institute of Nursing, School of Health Professionals, ZHAW University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Daniel Büche
- Palliative Centre St.Gallen, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Ch. Ott
- Department of Economics, FHS St.Gallen University of Applied Sciences St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Schnepp
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Prevalence and correlates of self-reported disordered eating: A cross-sectional study among 90 592 middle-aged Norwegian women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211056. [PMID: 30673772 PMCID: PMC6343912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered eating (DE) is extensively studied among adolescents and young women. However, there is growing evidence that DE as well as the clinical eating disorders may occur at any age from childhood to advanced years. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of DE in a representative sample of middle-aged women from Norway. The study included 90 592 women (median age: 55 years) from the Norwegian Women and Cancer study who responded to a questionnaire between the years 2002–2005. Correlates of self-reported DE were assessed by logistic regression analyses. The overall period prevalence of DE between 2002–2005 was 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.25–0.31) %, and was highest among women ≥ 66 years: 0.65 (0.60–0.70) %. DE was strongly associated with depression (Odds ratio [OR] 3.34 [95% confidence interval 2.53–4.41]), being unemployed (OR 1.78 [1.32–2.40]) and single (OR 1.66 [1.25–2.20]). Women with DE were more likely to report low energy intake (OR 1.41 [1.08–1.86]) and were less likely to be moderately physically active (OR 0.67 [0.47–0.95]). Using the largest study sample in the literature, the present findings confirm smaller studies showing that DE do occur in women in mid-life and older age as well. Our results contribute to address a somewhat under-communicated community health problem that needs attention in terms of age-specific treatment and prevention.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We summarized recent literature on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders in middle-aged and older women and men. RECENT FINDINGS The prevalence of eating disorders according to DSM-5 criteria is around 3.5% in older (>40 years) women and around 1-2% in older men. The majority of those eating disordered persons are not in treatment. There are new terms like 'perimenopausal eating disorders' and 'muscularity-oriented eating disorders' indicating the impact of the aging process and sex-specific differences. SUMMARY Disordered eating and eating disorders occur in both women and men of all ages. Medical complications because of age, the stigma of eating disorders in a still 'untypical' age, and the glorification of sports activity often hinder the recognition of eating disorders in midlife and older persons. Treatment approaches should consider treatment strategies tailored for older women and men, addressing the context of midlife and aging.
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